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The Story of Rochester Cathedral by the Dean Dean Francis Underhill

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The Story of Rochester Cathedral by the Dean Dean Francis Underhill Published online by Rochester Cathedral Research Guild Homepage: www.rochestercathedralresearchguild.org The Story of Rochester Cathedral By the Dean Dean Francis Underhill Abstract: 'The Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary at Rochester is one of the most interesting buildings in this country. At every point it touches English history, and it is an epitome of our church architecture. From one point in the Lady Chapel it is possible to see work of every century from the eleventh to the twentieth ; while under the pavement of the nave lie the foundations of a small Saxon cathedral dating back to the early seventh century...' To cite this report: Underhill, F. (1938) The Story of Rochester Cathedral; by the Dean. Rochester Cathedral interpretation booklet. To link to this article: https://rochestercathedralresearchguild.org/bibliography/1831-01 Published online: 9th January 2018 General Queries: [email protected] Produced by permission of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester Cathedral. All rights reserved to the authors. Any views and opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of either the Research Guild or the Dean and Chapter. Storp of Rocbegter Catbebral "bp$e Dean e Uceful Fuel Vinethe CModern gome —Shether kou yoUiold omef tutely Råt3$FOfgihQsakéäOEfuture* eålth,hfi 3Ørnfofi•and eØåomyh8ke gas:is laid On: 'fLet gas be brough€to: yOt,trktchen1 • göteyou V?GaöFueiis much any other fotnÜ6t, ?Gillinghåm•GåsÅzt *Company. GEORGE HUMPHREY LIMITED CELEBRATED MEAT PIES BREAD and CAKES 199 HIGH STREET, ROCHESTER and SHEERNESS For :—New Buildings, Alterations, Restorations and Repairs A. G. WEBB & SONS BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS PLUMBERS & DECORATORS OÆces and Works :— JAMES STREET, ROCHESTER Telephone Chatham 3376 1 JAMES POWELL & SONS (Whitefriars)LTD. IOOWIGMORE STREET LONDON, w.l DESIGNERS & MAKERS OF STAINED GLASS WINDOWS MURAL TABLETS, MOSAICS AND ALL KINDS OF CHURCH DECORATION ALSO GLASS ALTAR CROSSES, VASES AND COMMUNION CRUETS TWO/%WINDOWS IN THE NORTH AISLE OF THE NAVE OF ROCHESTER CATHEDRAL AND TWO IN THE SOUTH CHOIR AISLE WERE DESIGNED & CARRIED OUT BY JAMES POWELL & SONS A list of Churches where examples of Messrs. Powell's work may be seen will be sent on application Windowin the South Choir Aisle, Rochester Cathedral 2 ELECTRICITY The Great Labour Saver VISIT THE SHOWROOMSOF THE KENT ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY AT 240 HIGH STREET, ROCHESTER where, without any obligation,you can obtain full information. Telephone : Chatham 2247 L'e Olöe CobaccoEboppe' G. G. NEECH HIGH CLASS TOBACCONIST Noted Northgate Mixtures. Pipes, Sticks and Fancy Goods. Publications and Periodicals. 68 HIGH STREET ROCHESTER 3 QUALITY TAILORING and OUTFITTING or MEN and BOYS J. T. OGDEN LTD. 166 & 176 HIGH STREET ROCHESTER Official Outfitters to King's School, Rochester TELEPHONE: CHATHAM 2118 RMITAGES' Jhce ul(aJurJV ROCHESTER. Opposite Eastgate House. MAKERS OF MEN'S, LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S HIGH-CLASS HAND-SEWN SHOES, LEGGINGS, SPATS AND GAITERS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS Shoes Fitted, Partly Made 'PHONE: CHATHAM 2061 4 IF YOU COULD CHOOSE YOUR DWELLING Where nature provid- cd a bountifulsupply of SOFT WATER, you would not hesitate ! Why not do the next best thing and install an efficient KENTISH MADE EINOR 'E F F BEE' WATER SOFTENER SOFTENED WATER is a necessity as well as a luxury, is beneficialto health and effects many economies. The illustrationshows 'MINOR ' MODEL - E4 which will give approximately50 gallons of soft water between regenerations. Other Modelsare 'The COTTAGE' - E9 17 6 and larger ones from - 10 0 Capacities ranging from 275 to 3,000 gallons. Ill'rite for Catalogue. JOSEPH COLLIS Ltd., HeatingEngineers, 37 High Street, ROCHESTER (Tel. 2910) and at STROOD and GRAVESEND FREE ESTIMATESFOR CENTRAL HEATING, ETC. 5 THE HOUSE OF BISHOP THE POPULAR FURNISHERS Modern Furniture and Furnishings LINOLEUMS, CARPETS RUGS & STAIR CARPETS We always keep a large range of these goods in stock. J. BISHOP & SONS Limited 338 & 344 The Banks, Rochester The story 0 Rochester Cathedra I Told by The V ery Rev. Francis Underhill D.D. ILLUSTRATED DESIGNED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH PUBLISHING COMPANYLIMITED AT THE CRYPT HOUSE PRESS, GLOUCESTERAND LONDON COPYRIGHT 28340819 Established 1860 THE PUREST, CLEANEST, SAFEST MILK is supplied by BOURNE & HILLIER'S CREAMERIES BOTTLEDAT THE DAIRY IN CLEAN STERILIZED BOTTLES. Certified Milk from own herd of Jersey Cows -—produced under licence from the Ministryof Health. 'Phone : DELIVERED ALL PARTS CHATHAM3307 TWICE DAILY pe 01be Gate Cea Sboppe (15th Century) 'Tope's House in Edwin Drood LUNCHEONS and TEAS HOME-MADE CAKES A SPECIALITY 60 CATHEDRAL ENTRANCE ROCHESTER 8 Contents PAGE A BRIEF HISTORICALOUTLINE 11 THE EXTERIOROF THE CATHEDRAL 16 THE INTERIOROF THE CATHEDRAL 19 THE CRYPT 27 THE KING'S SCHOOL... 28 THE HOSPITALOF ST. BARTHOLOMEW 29 CATHEDRAL SERVICES 29 Illustrations THE VERY REV. FRANCISUNDERHILL, D.D., DEAN OF ROCHESTER,AND MR. LEVETT, VERGER 10 THE CATHEDRAL, FROM THE CASTLE 14 THE NAVE 18 THE CHOIR, LOOKINGWEST 18 THE CRYPT, LOOKING NORTH EAST 22 THE ANCIENT CHAPTERHOUSE 22 THE CHAPTER R00M DOORWAY,ABOUT 1340 26 THE NORMANWEST D00R . 26 GROUNDPLAN OF THE CATHEDRAL 31 9 Copyright. The very Rev. Francis Underhill, D D Dean ofRochester,and Mr. J. Leve/t, Verger. ROCHESTER CATHEDRAL BYTHE VERYREVEREND FRANCIS UNDERHILL, D.D., Dean of Rochester 1 A BRIEF HISTORICAL OUTLINE THE Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary at Rochester is one of the most interesting buildings in this country. At every point it touches English history, and it is an epitome of our church architecture. From one point in the Lady Chapelit is possibleto see work of every century from the eleventh to the twentieth ; while under the pavement of the nave lie the foundations of a small Saxon cathedral dating back to the early seventh century. In the year of the Incarnationof our Lord 604,' says Bede, ' Augustine, Archbishop of the Britons, ordained two bishops, namely Mellitus and Justus ' ; Mellituswent to London ; ' but Justus, Augustine ordained bishop in Kent itself, in the City of Durobreve,' (Rochester) ' in which King Ethelbert made the Church of the Blessed Apostle Andrew.' The Church was a stone one, and Bishop Justus, though himself a monk, placed it in the hands of secular priests. In this little building were buried St. Paulinus, bishop first of York and then of Rochester, in 644 ; St. Ithamar, the first Englishman to attain to the episcopal dignity, in 655 ; and Bishop Tobias in 726. For three and a half centuriesafter the death of the latter, the history of the fabric is almost a blank, except that we know it was severaltimes injured by civil war and by inroads of the Danes. There are, however, records of various gifts made to the Church. We are on solid ground again in the year 1075,nine years after the Norman Conquest. We then hear that on the death of Siward, the last Saxon bishop, the Church was left ' utterly forsaken, miserable and waste, from lack of all things within and without'. There were four poverty-stricken Canons existing precariously on meagre 11 fare and in mean apparel. But in March, 1076, Arch- bishop Lanfranc consecrated the celebrated Gundulf, who had been a monk at Bcc, in Normandy, as Bishop of Rochester. Gunclulf was the builder of the White Tower in London, and the rebuilder of his Cathedral at Rochester ; the Castle, often claimed as his work, belongs to a slightly later period. After a short time the new bishop made other provision for the Canons and in 1082 or 1083,founded a Benedictine monastery in place of the secular college. He was thirty years bishop, during which time he almost completed the reconstruction of the Church and the other necessary buildings. At his death there were sixty monks in the Abbey. He solemnly translated the relics of St. Paulinus from the ancient Cathedral to his own new one, and placed them in a silver shrine. We shall see later what parts of his buildings still remain. They appear to have been nearly finished in or about 1089. Bishop Ernulf (1115—1124)and his successor,John of Canterbury (1125—1137),were lesponsible for further rebuildings and enrichments,and the new Cathedralwas consecrated in 1130. In 1137 and 1179,there were disast- rous fires, in which the Church and the monastic buildings suffered severely. Marks of these fires may still be traced in many parts. In the year 1201 occurred an event of great moment in the history of Rochester. During the last quarter of the twelfth century ' the holy, blissful Martyr ' St. Thomas was attracting all the world to his shrine at Canterbury; and it must have been painful for the monks of St. Andrew at Rochesterto see the throngs of pilgrims passing daily along Watling Street, under the very shadow of their walls. But in the first year of the thirteenth century a baker from Perth, William by name, spent a night in the Abbey at Rochester on his way to Canterbury. He was a person of notable charity, whose custom it was to give every tenth loaf he baked to the poor. On the very morn- ing when he left Rochesterhe was murdered by the roadside. His body was at once brought back to the Cathedral and buried there ' with glistening of miracles'. 12 In 1256 Bishop Laurence of St. Martin went to Rome and obtained the canonization of St. William. But long before that, his shrine was attracting many pilgrims ; and the offerings they made enabled the bishop and monks to rebuild a large part of Gundulf's church between the years 1210 and 1300. Indeed, as we shall see, all traces above ground of the Norman church would have disappeared had not the fame of St.
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