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El Libro Y El Bios: Algunos Momentos En Su Historiografía

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El Libro Y El Bios: Algunos Momentos En Su Historiografía EL LIBRO Y EL BIOS: ALGUNOS MOMENTOS EN SU HISTORIOGRAFÍA. LECTURA DESDE EL PARADIGMA ECOLÓGICO VOLUMEN II DEL CÓDICE AL LIBRO IMPRESO [email protected] [email protected] HOMENAJE A MI ESPOSA: POR EL INFINITO AMOR QUE NOS PRODIGAMOS, POR MIS DOS LINDOS HIJOS Y SU APOYO INCONDICIONAL COLOMBIA FLORIDA-VALLE DEL CAUCA 2010- 05-27 1 EL LIBRO Y EL BIOS: ALGUNOS MOMENTOS EN SU HISTORIOGRAFIA. LECTURA DESDE EL PARADIGMA ECOLOGICO 1 Germán López Noreña VOLUMEN II DEL CÓDICE AL LIBRO IMPRESO Las desventajas del libro frente al hipertexto hacen presagiar su desaparición y el nacimiento de una nueva cultura, con profundas repercusiones sociales, en especial en los modelos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que tienen en el libro un fiel transmisor de información y esparcimiento con memoria indeleble. Cote Eduardo A muchos historiadores les gusta pronosticar el futuro, bien sea para enunciar utopías o para predecir catástrofes. Yo creo sinceramente que no hay ser catastrofista sobre el futuro del libro. En la actualidad la cultura se manifiesta tanto en las notas que usted está tomando en su libreta como en un libro o en una pantalla del ordenador. Todo ello forma parte de la cultura escrita. Por ello son erróneos los diagnósticos que ven horizontes negros en la cultura escrita. Ahora bien, si nos planteamos hasta qué punto la cultura escrita en pantalla va a sustituir a las formas impresas, como los periódicos o los libros, ese interrogante ya nos sitúa en otro debate. ¿Habrá coexistencia, competencia o sustitución? Pienso que habrá una coexistencia, no necesariamente pacifica, entre el manuscrito, el libro impreso, y la edición electrónica. Roger Chartier 1 Licenciado en física y matemáticas de la Universidad Libre Cali-Colombia y especialista en Educación matemática Universidad del Valle. Candidato a doctor en Pedagogía por Atlantic International University, Profesor de la Universidad San Buenaventura Cali y Universidad Santiago de Cali. Catedrático respectivamente de la facultad de Ingeniería, y Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Docente en la media básica y media vocacional, en física y matemáticas. Miembro de la Red de Pensamiento Complejo. 2 RESUMEN En este volumen II, de los cuatro volúmenes de El Libro y El Bios, titulado Del Códice Al Libro Impreso, abordo en cada uno de los siete capítulos que lo conforman, las siguientes temáticas respectivamente: Capítulo I. realizo un rastreo bibliográfico en la perspectiva historiográfica de la producción del papel, iniciando por la cultura China y Japón, la antigua cultura árabe, llegando hasta Francia e Italia, desde el siglo XIII hasta el siglo XVIII. Además se incursiona en las tentativas y logros de la producción industrial del papel en el siglo XIX. Capítulo II. Abordo el uso y la producción del papel en la cultura Mesoamericana Precolombina y en España en los siglos XVII y XVIII. De lo primero se analiza la elaboración del soporte de los códices y su empleo en las actividades religiosas. También se exploran los acontecimientos sorteados en el desarrollo de la empresa papelera española en los siglos mencionados, los aportes de la cultura árabe y los papeleros italianos y franceses. Capítulo III. Inicio el estudio exploratorio de la imprenta como socialización del conocimiento humano. Además se trasegan los antecedentes cercanos al libro impreso, Los Xilográficos y Los Incunables. Capítulo IV. Analizo los contextos histórico, cultural y cotidiano, implicados en la invención de la imprenta. Estudiando sucesos como La Caída De Constantinopla, El Quattrocento, y La Inquisición Española. A su vez se examina lo cultural y cotidiano de la cultura occidental en ese entonces. Capítulo V. Se da una semblanza de Johannes Gutemberg, las dificultades en el proceso de la invención de la imprenta y la difusión de la misma en los años siguientes y lejanos a la muerte de su inventor. Capítulo VI. Recorro historiograficamente el establecimiento de la imprenta y la impresión de los primeros libros en España, en los siglos XV y XVI. Iniciando con la ciudad de Segovia, como primera ciudad en la que se implementó la imprenta, hasta la ciudad de Málaga, como una de las expresiones tardía de la instauración de la imprenta en España. Igualmente se reseñan algunos libros e impresores significativos de algunas ciudades en los siglos en cuestión. Capítulo VII. Esbozo cronológicamente la llegada de la imprenta a América y sus ejemplares impresos de mayor importancia, en los tres siglos de La Colonia. Partiendo del Virreinato de la nueva España - resaltando a la ciudad de México como la primera urbe americana en la que se instauró la imprenta-, pasando consecutivamente por el Virreinato Del Perú, y el del Río De La Plata, hasta finalmente el de La Nueva Granada. 3 INDICE INTRODUCCIÓN CAPÍTULO I. INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA FACTIBILIZADORA DE LA SOCIALIZACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO HUMANO. 1.1 BREVE HISTORIA DEL PAPEL 1.1.1 El Papel En La Antigua Cultura China y El Antiguo Japón 1.1.2 El Papel en La Antigua Cultura Árabe 1.1.3 El Papel En Francia e Italia: Del Siglo XIII al Siglo XVIII y La Producción Industrial en el Siglo XIX CAPITULO II. USO Y PRODUCCIÓN DEL PAPEL EN LA CULTURA MESOAMERICANA PRECOLOMBINA Y EN ESPAÑA DEL SIGLO XVII AL XVIII 2.1 EL PAPEL EN LA CULTURA MESOAMERICANA PRECOLOMBINA 2.2 EL PAPEL EN ESPAÑA EN LOS SIGLOS XVII Y XVIII CAPÍTULO III. LA IMPRENTA INVENTO DINAMIZADOR DE LA SOCIALIZACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO HUMANO: ANTECEDENTES DEL LIBRO IMPRESO 3.1 ANTECEDENTES DEL LIBRO IMPRESO: LA XILOGRAFIA, LOS LIBROS XILOGRAFICOS Y LOS INCUNABLES 3.1.1 La Xilografía y Los Libros Xilográficos 3.1.2 Los Libros Incunables: Expresión De Los Albores y Concreción Del Libro Impreso CAPÍTULO IV. CONTEXTOS HISTÓRICO, CULTURAL Y COTIDIANO EN LA INVENCIÓN DE LA IMPRENTA 4.1 DEL CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO EN EL SIGLO XV 4.1.1 La Caída De Constantinopla 4.1.2 El Quatrocentto: Los Inicios Del Renacimiento 4.1.3 La Santa Inquisición Española 4.2 DEL CONTEXTO CULTURAL 4.3 DEL CONTEXTO COTIDIANO 4 CAPÍTULO V. GUTEMBERG Y LA IMPRENTA: VISICITUDES, PEOCESO Y DIFUSIÓN 5.1 ¿QUIEN FUE JOHANNES GUTENBERG? 5.2 EL PROCESO DE INVENCIÓN DE LA IMPRENTA 5.3 ¿QUÉ FUE DE LA IMPRENTA EN LOS AÑOS INMEDIATOS Y LEJANOS A LA MUERTE DE GTENBERG? CAPÍTULO VI. LA IMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN ESPAÑA: SIGLOS XV Y XVI 6.1 LA IMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN ESPAÑA EN EL SIGLO XV: CRUCE DE LOS PIRINEOS Y LOS PRIMEROS INCUNABLES IBÉRICOS 6.1.1 La Imprenta y El Libro En Segovia 6.1.2 La Imprenta y El Libro En Valencia 6.1.3 La Imprenta y El Libro En Zaragoza 6.1.4 La Imprenta y El Libro En Barcelona 6.1.5 La Imprenta y El Libro En Salamanca 6.1.6 Síntesis De Las Características De La Imprenta y El Libro En España En El Siglo XV 6.2 LA IMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN ESPAÑA EN EL SIGLO XVI 6.2.1 Algunas Generalidades 6.2.2 La Imprenta y El Libro En Madrid 6.2.3 La Imprenta y El Libro En Alcalá De Henares 6.2.4 La Imprenta y El Libro En Málaga CAPITULO VII. LAIMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN AMÉRICA DESPUÉS DELA CONQUISTA 7.1 LA PRIMERA IMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN MÉXICO 7.1.1 Antecedentes a La Llegada De La Imprenta a México: Sevilla Siglo XVI y La Familia Cromberger 7.1.1.1 Sevilla En El Siglo XVI 7.1.1.2 Los Cromberger En Sevilla y América 7.2 LAIMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN MÉXICO EN EL PERÍODO 1539-1571 7.3 LA IMPRENTA EN EL PERÚ 7.4 LA IMPRENTA Y EL LIBRO EN EL VIRREINATO DEL RÍO DELA PLATA 7.4.1 La Misión Jesuítica, La Imprenta y El Libro En El Virreinato Del Río De La Plata 7.4.2 La Imprenta y El Libro En Córdoba 7.4.3 La Imprenta y El Libro En Buenos Aires 5 7.5 La Imprenta y El Libro En El Virreinato De La Nueva Granada 7.5.1 Algunas Generalidades De Su Fundación 7.5.2 La Imprenta y El Libro En El Ecuador 7.5.3 La Imprenta y El Libro En Colombia 7.5.3.1 La Imprenta, El Libro y La Cultura Colombiana En La Colonia 7.5.3.2 La Imprenta y El Libro En Santafé De Bogotá En El Siglo XVIII 7.5.3.3 La Imprenta y El Libro En Cartagena De Indias En El Siglo VIII 7.5.3.4 La Imprenta Patriótica De Don Antonio Nariño 7.5.3.5 El Papel Periódico De Santafé De Bogotá 7.5.4 La Imprenta y El Libro En Venezuela 7.5.5 La Imprenta y El Libro En Cuba 7.5.6 La Imprenta y El Libro En Estados Unidos. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFIA 6 CAPÍTULO I INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA FACTIBILIZADORA DE LA SOCIALIZACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO HUMANO: EL PAPEL Fábrica Papelera En El Paso De Anoia 1911 http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/12253734.jpg En el siglo XV se dieron dos innovaciones tecnológicas que aportaron significativamente a la evolución del soporte del libro y a la lectura del mismo,: el papel2 y la imprenta. El primero cuya elaboración fue aprendida por la cultura 2 En aras de dotarnos de algunos elementos en torno al papel, en los tiempos actuales, iniciemos con: 1) su definición contemporánea, la cual reza: El papel es una delgada hoja elaborada con pasta de fibras vegetales que son molidas, blanqueadas, desleídas en agua, secadas y endurecidas posteriormente; a la pulpa de celulosa, normalmente, se le añaden sustancias como el polipropileno o el polietileno con el fin de proporcionar diversas características.
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