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Libre Accès Et Recherche Scientifique Vers De Nouvelles Valeurs Libre accès et recherche scientifique Vers de nouvelles valeurs Actes du colloque international Tunis, 27-28 novembre 2014 Sous la direction de Mohamed Ben Romdhane Editions de l’Institut Supérieur de Documentation Comité scientifique Mohamed Ben Romdhane , ISD, Sridhar Gutam , Institut Centrale de Université de la Manouba, Tunisie. l’Horticulture Subtropicale, Inde. Mokhtar Ben Henda , Université Stevan Harnad , Université du Québec, Bordeaux Montaigne, France . Montréal, Canada. Mohamed Montassar Ben Slama , FST, Nozha Ibnlkhayat , American University Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie. of Leadership (AUL), Rabat, Maroc. Chaibdraatani Bentenbi , Université Naeema Jabr , Université du Sultan d’Oran, Algérie. Quabous, Oman. Christine Berthaud , CCSD, HAL, Iryna Kuchma , EIFL, Ukraine. France. Saloua Mahmoud , ISD, Université de la Abdelmajid Bouazza , Université du Manouba, Tunisie. Sultan Quabous, Oman. Stephan Maud , Faculté d’information et Azzeddine Bouderbane , Université de de documentation, Liban. Constantine 2, Algérie. Abderrazak Mkadmi , ISD, Université de Chérifa Boukacem , Lyon 1 – ELICO, la Manouba, Tunisie. URFIST Lyon, France. Heather Morrison , ESI, Université Hassen Chaabani , Université de D’ottawa, Canada. Manastir, Tunisie. Tarek Ouerfelli , ISD, Université de la Ghislaine Chartron , CNAM-INTD, Manouba, Tunisie. France. Olivier Sagna , EBAD, Sénégal. Madjid Dahmane , Bibliothèque Jean-Michel Salaün , Ecole centrale de Nationale d’Algérie, Algérie. Lyon, France. Mamadou Diara , EBAD, Sénégal. Yemna Sayeb , ISAMM, Université de la Raja Fenniche , ISD, Université de la Manouba, Tunisie. Manouba, Tunisie. Sherif Kamel Schaheen , Université du Yassine Gargouri , Université du Québec, Caire, Egypte. Montréal, Canada. René Schneider , Haute Ecole de Gestion Wahid Gdoura , ISD, Université de la de Genève, Suisse. Manouba, Tunisie. Joachim Schopfel , Université Lille 3, Jean Claude Guédon , Université de France. Montréal, Canada. Benjamin Zapliko , Institut des Sciences Sociales de Leibniz : GESIS, Germany Organisation Unité de recherche « Bibliothèque numérique et patrimoine » Institut Supérieur de Documentation Campus Universitaire de la Manouba 2010 Manouba - Tunisie Tél : 216. 71 601 050 Fax : 216 71 600 200 Web : www.isd.rnu.tn Centre National Universitaire de Documentation Scientifique et Technique Rue Menzel Bourguiba, 1030 - Tunis - Tunisie B.P. 85 -1002, Tunis Belvedere – Tunisie Tél : 216. 71 843 504 Fax : 216. 71 843 489 Web : www.cnudst.rnrt.tn © Institut Supérieur de Documentation, 2014 ISBN : 978-9973-904-11-9 ii Sommaire Le libre accès et les territoires de la science : mondialisation ou internationalisation des sciences ? Jean-Claude Guédon, Université de Montréal ___________ 1 Politique du libre accès Accompagner les établissements universitaires français dans la mise en place de leur politique Open Access : le rôle du GTAO (Couperin) Adeline Rege , Service Commun de la Documentation, Université de Strasbourg, France _____________________ 13 Politique(s) du libre accès en Algérie : État des lieux et perspectives Samir Hachani, Université Alger 2, Algérie ____________ 29 Spécificités de la communication scientifique numérique Cartographie des connaissances pour une visibilité scientifique numérique des universités africaines : le cas de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (Ucad) Djibril DIAKHATÉ, EBAD, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal ________________________________________ 45 De l'usage et la production de l'IST à la publication en libre accès: implication des chercheurs de l'UMA. Souheil Houissa, Ibrahim Bounhas, Sami Oueslati, ISD, Université de la Manouba, Tunisie ________________________ 61 Perception du libre accès et facteurs d'appropriation des archives ouvertes en contexte français: étude comparée de deux communautés disciplinaires contrastées Emma Bester, Laboratoire Dispositifs d'information et de communication à l'ère numérique – Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (Dicen-CNAM), France _______________________ 75 iii Dispositifs du libre accès dans les universités Archive institutionnelle : Cas d’OceanDocs-INSTM, le dépôt digital des publications de l’Institut National des Sciences & Technologies de la Mer Saida Messaoudi, INSTM, Tunisie _____________________ 95 Le libre accès et la recherche scientifique dans les universités marocaines Nadia BENAISSA. Saida BELOUALI. Laboratoire Langage, Culture et Communication, Maroc ________________________ 107 Attitudes de l’enseignant-chercheur envers le libre accès à l’IST : Cas de l’université de la Manouba Olfa Chater, Mohamed Ben Romdhane, ISD, Université de la Manouba, Tunisie ____________________________________ 125 Réalités sur l’accès à l’information scientifique numérique dans les bibliothèques des universités du Sénégal : l’exemple de l’université de Dakar Khardiatou Kane, DICEN-CNAM (Paris), France _______ 141 Accès ouvert, droits d'auteur et nouvelles formes de production scientifique Le rôle du droit d’auteur dans le développement de l’open access via les archives ouvertes Carine Bernault, Institut de recherche en droit privé (IRDP) - Université de Nantes, France ___________________________ 157 Episciences IAM: un projet éditorial entre rupture et continuité Gaëlle Rivérieux 1, Alain Monteil 1, Laurent Romary 1, 2 , Jacques Millet 1, Hélène Lowinger 1, Inria, France 1, Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Linguistik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Allemagne 2 ___________________________________ 173 Libre accès et communication scientifique directe : retours croisés sur une expérience de blog en contexte tunisien Kmar Bendana, ISHTC, Université de La Manouba, Tunisie ; Delphine Cavallo, CLEO, Université d’Aix-Marseille, France 189 iv Libre accès et valorisation de le recherche scientifique Open Access: pour une meilleure visibilité de la production scientifique médicale au Maroc Hanae Lrhoul, ESI, Maroc ; Othman Benammar, Université Hassan II Casablanca, Maroc ; Ghislaine Chartron, DICEN- CNAM), France ; Ahmed Bachr, ESI, Maroc ; Bouchra Bayadi, Université Hassan II Casablanca, Maroc __________ 205 Le futur du livre et l’ open access : présentation de la collection « Parcours numériques » Marcello Vitali-Rosati, U niversité de Montréal, Canada ; Michael Sinatra, Université de Montréal, Canada ; Hélène Beauchef, Centre de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur les Humanités Numériques, Canada ; Giuseppe Cavallari, Université de Montréal, Canada _________________________ 225 Index des auteurs _________________________________ 230 Partie Arabe Bibliothèques et libre accès à l’IST دور اﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﻴن ﻓﻲ اﻝﺘﺄﺴﻴس ﻝﺤرﻜﺔ اﻝﻨﻔﺎذ اﻝﻤﻔﺘوح إﻝﻰ اﻝﻤﻌﻠوﻤ ﺎت ﺎ ت اﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ واﻹﻓﺎدة ﻤﻨﻬﺎ: دراﺴﺔ اﺴﺘطﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﺴﻨطﻴﻨﺔ1 ﺒﺎﻝﺠزاﺌر ا ا، ة ري، 2 ، ا"!ا 1 اﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت اﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ وﻤﺒﺎدرات اﻝﻨﻔﺎذ اﻝﺤر إﻝﻰ اﻝﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت وﺘداوﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻹﻝﻜﺘروﻨﻴﺔ : ﺒﻴن ﻤﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴق وﻤﻌوﻗﺎﺘﻪ !ا'& درن، ح، 2 ؛ ز'( & ا(، )، ا"!ا 23 ﻓﻬرس اﻝﻤؤﻝﻔﻴن 47 v vi Le libre accès et les territoires de la science : mondialisation ou internationalisation des sciences ? Open Access and scientific « territories » : globalized vs. Internationalized Science Jean-Claude Guédon Université de Montréal 1 Quelques rappels sur la communication scientifique 1.1 L'universalité de la science L'universalité de la connaissance scientifique est un concept qu'il faut manier avec précision et précaution. Réelle dans une perspective humaine qui était celle du sociologue Robert Merton, – tout être humain peut contribuer à la production de connaissances scientifiques quelles que soient ses origines et cultures -, elle l'est également au niveau de la validité de ses résultats : les connaissances scientifiques ne sont pas éternelles, mais dans la mesure où elles ont passé les tests habituels de la validation, celles- ci valentt universellement. Pour autant, être validé universellement signifie simplement que d'autres chercheurs peuvent critiquer, corriger ou utiliser des résultats obéissant à ces critères. Il faut peut-être rappeler ici que les résultats de la recherche scientifique, sauf peut-être en logique et en mathématique, n'entretiennent qu'un lien lointain et indirect avec la vérité dans la mesure où, justement, les résultats de la recherche sont présentés (en principe) de manière à être vérifiables, et donc sujet à critiques, corrections et même réfutations. Une « vérité » scientifique ne peut être que temporaire. Conséquence de ce qui vient d'être dit, la recherche scientifique peut être assimilée à une Grande Conversation engagée à l'échelle de l'humanité tout entière. Il s'agit en fait d'un système distribué de production des connaissances qui fonctionnera d'autant mieux que la communication entre chercheurs sera libre et facilement accessible. Ceci veut dire que les instruments au service de la communication scientifique doivent se placer au service de l'activité scientifique dans son ensemble, et non l'inverse. Que cette communication scientifique requière des savoir-faire particulier, 1 Jean-Claude Guédon qu'elle ait un coût, tout le monde en convient, mais il faut hiérarchiser les priorités et affirmer clairement que la Grande Conversation prime sur les instruments censés la servir. C'est précisément en cet argument que s'ancre l'importance et la nécessité du libre accès : le libre accès ne dit rien d'autre et vise à libérer au maximum les canaux de communication entre chercheurs. Cela dit, le libre accès intervient aussi dans le fait que cette Grande Conversation n'est ni équilibrée, ni équitablement répartie au niveau du choix des questions à prioriser. Le libre
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