DOCSLIB.ORG

Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure, Mating, and Gene Dispersal Patterns in Parkia Biglobosa Populations with Different Levels of Habitat Fragmentation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure, Mating, and Gene Dispersal Patterns in Parkia Biglobosa Populations with Different Levels of Habitat Fragmentation RESEARCH ARTICLE Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating, and gene dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations with different levels of habitat fragmentation Djingdia Lompo1,2, Barbara Vinceti3, Heino Konrad2, Jérôme Duminil3,4,5,*, and Thomas Geburek2,6,* Manuscript received 1 October 2019; revision accepted 7 April 2020. PREMISE: A good understanding of genetic variation and gene dispersal in tree 1 Centre National de Semences Forestières, 01 BP 2682, Ouagadougou populations is crucial for their sustainable management, particularly in a context of rapid 01, Burkina Faso environmental changes. West African Sudanian savannahs are being fragmented and 2 Department of Forest Genetics, Austrian Research and Training degraded, partly due to expansion of crop cultivation and monocultures that reduce tree Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria density and may impact pollinators. The population dynamics of important indigenous 3 Bioversity International, Viale Tre Denari 472, 00054, Maccarese, trees could also be affected. We investigated the influence of habitat fragmentation Rome, Italy on patterns of genetic diversity and gene dispersal of a key Sudanian agroforestry tree 4 UMR-DIADE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France species, Parkia biglobosa. 5 Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, CP160 ⁄ 12, Faculté des METHODS: Using 10 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 2475 Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050, samples from reproductive trees, seedlings, and embryos in four tree populations Brussels, Belgium presenting different levels of habitat fragmentation. 6Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) *These authors contributed equally to this article. RESULTS: Parkia biglobosa presented similar high genetic diversity across the four Citation: Lompo, D., B. Vinceti, H. Konrad, J. Duminil, and T. Geburek. populations studied. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were similar between adults and 2020. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating, and gene dispersal embryo cohorts. In all four populations, the selfing rate was less than 1%. The effective patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations with different levels of habitat number of pollen donors per tree was high (NEP~ 18–22), as was the pollen immigration fragmentation. American Journal of Botany 107(7): 1041–1053. rate (from 34 to 74%). Pollen dispersal was characterized by a fat-tailed distribution with doi:10.1002/ajb2.1504 mean estimates exceeding 200 m. In three populations, stem diameter had a pronounced effect on male reproductive success. Here, the highest male reproductive success was observed in trees with a diameter at breast height between 60 and 75 cm. CONCLUSIONS: At the scale analyzed, fragmentation does not seem to pose limitations to gene flow in any of the sites investigated, regardless of the landscape configuration associated with the different tree stands. The study provides useful insights on the reproductive biology of an important tree species in the West African savannahs. KEY WORDS gene conservation; non-timber forest products; Parkia biglobosa; paternity analysis; reproductive biology; spatial genetic structure. A good understanding of genetic variation within and among pop- possibility of tapping into sufficiently diverse planting material at ulations of a species is a necessary foundation for its sustainable species and intraspecific levels is also crucial to sustaining success- management, including the conservation of its genetic resources, ful forest restoration initiatives (Thomas et al., 2015; Broadhurst et particularly in the face of climate changes and increasing threats al., 2016). The spatial distribution of the neutral genetic diversity associated with habitat loss and fragmentation. Genetic diversity is in a tree species is determined by gene flow patterns, which play a source of valuable traits; the main reasons for conserving it are to an important role in maintaining genetic connectivity within and ensure the future adaptability of tree populations; preserve partic- between populations (Hamilton, 1999; Dick et al., 2008). ular traits of interest for production, income, or cultural reasons; Agricultural intensification often implies a reduction of popu- and maintain other valuable ecosystem services supporting the re- lation densities of the naturally occurring species of the landscape, silience of forests and landscapes to future environmental changes which implies an increase in the distance among congeneric indi- (Dawson et al., 2011; Jamnadass et al., 2011; Alfaro et al., 2014). The viduals. This results in a fragmentation of the species’ habitat with American Journal of Botany 107(7):1041–1053, 2020; http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/AJB © 2020 The Authors. American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. • 1041 1042 • American Journal of Botany potentially strong impacts on their reproduction dynamics and, a large range of pollinators are a priori less affected by a decline in in turn, on their genetic makeup (Eckert et al., 2010; Leimu et al., pollinators, and their pollen can be dispersed over a wider range of 2010; Aguilar et al., 2019). The influence of population fragmen- distances (Barthelmess et al., 2006; Hasegawa et al., 2015). tation effects, caused by anthropogenic changes on the fine-scale Pesticides have been reported among the causes of observed spatial genetic structure and on gene flow, has been described for declines in pollinators (Potts et al., 2010) although the effects of some temperate (e.g., Kamm et al., 2009; Dubreuil et al., 2010) and pesticides are not always clear. Scientific results on the effects of tropical trees (e.g., Dick et al., 2008). In sub-Saharan Africa, the in- pesticides are geographically specific, related to the characteristics fluence of fragmentation and/or forest exploitation has been stud- of the mix of pollinators found in a specific region (De Palma et al., ied for a number of timber species (Born et al., 2008; Bizoux et al., 2016). Moreover, results are largely based on investigations cover- 2009; Ndiade-Bourobou et al., 2010; Debout et al., 2011; Duminil ing few regions of the world (mainly North America and Western et al., 2016a, b; Monthe et al., 2017) and riverine forest tree species Europe) and over-representing some types of pollinators not spread in West Africa (Ewedje et al., 2017). However, very limited knowl- across all continents (e.g., bumblebees are intensively studied but edge is available for African savannah trees supplying valuable not present in Africa). In Burkina Faso, 90% of the agricultural non-timber forest products. With this study, we tried to fill this gap, pesticides applied are used for cotton cultivation (Ouedraogo et focusing on Parkia biglobosa, an important West African tree spe- al., 2011) and mainly nonselective (especially insecticides), impact- cies, naturally widespread across West Sudanian savannahs (Hall et ing nontarget pollinator species and potentially affecting pollina- al., 1997) and well represented in traditional agroforestry systems tion services (McCauley, 2003; Ouattara, 2007; Winfree et al., 2009; (parklands). One of the main drivers at landscape level is cotton Abaga et al., 2011). farming, reaching an annual production of 650,000 tons in Burkina Levels of genetic diversity and the mating system and pat- Faso in 2006 (Vitale et al., 2011). Since then, the production area terns of gene flow can be investigated using molecular markers. has fluctuated between 400,000 and 700,000 ha, positioning the Codominant markers, such as microsatellites, are particularly useful country among the largest cotton producers in Africa (Pertry et al., in this context (Ouborg et al., 1999). Both indirect and direct meth- 2016). However, this commodity represents a major threat to agro- ods can be used to characterize historical and contemporary gene forestry tree species in the region (Gaisberger et al., 2017), poten- flow in populations. One indirect method is based on the fine-scale tially affecting the genetic diversity, mating system, and gene flow of spatial genetic structure (SGS) of adult individuals to obtain infor- agroforestry trees through at least two different mechanisms: (1) a mation on historical gene flow (Vekemans and Hardy, 2004; Hardy reduction of tree population densities and (2) a potential negative et al., 2006). This method relies on a set of mapped and genotyped impact on pollinators, due to heavy use of pesticides. adult individuals to estimate the strength and the distance of over- Agriculture practices cause a fragmentation of tree populations all gene dispersal (pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow are con- and a reduction in tree density that may affect tree mating patterns. founded) (Hardy and Vekemans, 1999). Another indirect method Several studies indicate that fragmentation of the forest cover tends relies on the SGS of pollen clouds to obtain information on con- to increase selfing in the remaining tree individuals and mating temporary gene flow (Robledo-Arnuncio et al., 2007). As with the among relatives, with a negative effect on progeny vigor and on the previous method, the advantage is that potential
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volatile Monoterpene 'Fingerprints' of Resinous Protium Tree Species in The
    Phytochemistry 160 (2019) 61–70 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem Volatile monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ of resinous Protium tree species in the T Amazon rainforest ∗ Luani R.de O. Pivaa, Kolby J. Jardineb,d, , Bruno O. Gimenezb, Ricardo de Oliveira Perdizc, Valdiek S. Menezesb, Flávia M. Durganteb, Leticia O. Cobellob, Niro Higuchib, Jeffrey Q. Chambersd,e a Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil b Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil c Department of Botany, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil d Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA e Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Volatile terpenoid resins represent a diverse group of plant defense chemicals involved in defense against her- Protium spp. (Burseraceae) bivory, abiotic stress, and communication. However, their composition in tropical forests remains poorly Tropical tree identification characterized. As a part of tree identification, the ‘smell’ of damaged trunks is widely used, but is highlysub- Chemotaxonomy jective. Here, we analyzed trunk volatile monoterpene emissions from 15 species of the genus Protium in the Resins central Amazon. By normalizing the abundances of 28 monoterpenes, 9 monoterpene ‘fingerprint’ patterns Volatile organic compounds emerged, characterized by a distinct dominant monoterpene. While 4 of the ‘fingerprint’ patterns were composed Hyperdominant genus Isoprenoids of multiple species, 5 were composed of a single species. Moreover, among individuals of the same species, 6 species had a single ‘fingerprint’ pattern, while 9 species had two or more ‘fingerprint’ patterns amongin- dividuals.
    [Show full text]
  • DENDROCHRONOLOGY and GROWTH of Copaifera Langsdorffii WOOD in the VEGETATIVE DYNAMICS of the PIRAPITINGA ECOLOGICAL STATION, STATE of MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
    DENDROCHRONOLOGY AND GROWTH OF Copaifera langsdorffii WOOD IN THE VEGETATIVE DYNAMICS OF THE PIRAPITINGA ECOLOGICAL STATION, STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL Daniel Costa de Carvalho1, Marcos Gervasio Pereira2*, João Vicente Figueiredo Latorraca1, José Henrique Camargo Pace1, Leonardo Davi Silveira Augusto Baptista da Silva1, Jair Figueiredo do Carmo3 1 Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Forests, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2* Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Soils, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - [email protected] 3 Federal University of Mato Grosso, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil - [email protected] Received for publication: 22/12/2016 - Accepted for publication: 15/12/2017 Abstract The aim of this study was to construct the chronology of Copaifera langsdorffii (copaíba) growth rings in order to understand the dynamics of Cerrado vegetation formations that occur in a river island in the Três Marias Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For this purpose, 30 copaíba trees identified in the Mata Seca Sempre-Verde phytophysiognomy at Pirapitinga Ecological Station (PES), state of Minas Gerais, were selected. Two radial samples of each tree were collected with the aid of a probe. The samples were mechanically polished for better visualization of the growth rings, which allowed their delimitation and measurement. Afterwards, the synchronization of the growth rings width was verified in order to generate a master chronological series of the species. To verify the influence of meteorological factors, Pearson correlation (p < 0.5) was used.
    [Show full text]
  • Copaifera of the Neotropics: a Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Copaifera of the Neotropics: A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Rafaela da Trindade 1, Joyce Kelly da Silva 1,2 ID and William N. Setzer 3,4,* ID 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Brazil; [email protected] (R.d.T.); [email protected] (J.K.d.S.) 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Brazil 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 4 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 615 St. George Square Court, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 Received: 25 April 2018; Accepted: 15 May 2018; Published: 18 May 2018 Abstract: The oleoresin of Copaifera trees has been widely used as a traditional medicine in Neotropical regions for thousands of years and remains a popular treatment for a variety of ailments. The copaiba resins are generally composed of a volatile oil made up largely of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, β-elemene, α-humulene, and germacrene D. In addition, the oleoresin is also made up of several biologically active diterpene acids, including copalic acid, kaurenoic acid, alepterolic acid, and polyalthic acid. This review presents a summary of the ecology and distribution of Copaifera species, the traditional uses, the biological activities, and the phytochemistry of copaiba oleoresins. In addition, several biomolecular targets relevant to the bioactivities have been implicated by molecular docking methods. Keywords: copaiba; oleoresin; essential oil; sesquiterpenoids; diterpenoids; biological activity; molecular targets 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfologia E Anatomia Foliar De Dicotiledôneas Arbóreo-Arbustivas Do
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS -GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Morfologia e Anatomia Foliar de Dicotiledôneas Arbóreo-arbustivas do Cerrado de São Paulo, Brasil ANGELA CRISTINA BIERAS Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal). Dezembro - 2006 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS -GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Morfologia e Anatomia Foliar de Dicotiledôneas Arbóreo-arbustivas do Cerrado de São Paulo, Brasil ANGELA CRISTINA BIERAS Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria das Graças Sajo Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal). Dezembro - 2006 i AGRADECIMENTOS • À Profa. Dra. Maria das Graças Sajo • Aos professores: Dra. Vera Lucia Scatena e Dr. Gustavo Habermann • Aos demais professores e funcionários do Departamento de Botânica do IB/UNESP, Rio Claro, SP • Aos meus familiares • Aos meus amigos • Aos membros da banca examinadora • À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP, pela bolsa concedida (Processo 03/04365-1) e pelo suporte financeiro do Programa Biota (Processo: 2000/12469-3). ii ÍNDICE Resumo 1 Abstract 1 Introdução 2 Material e Métodos 5 Resultados 6 Discussão 16 Referências Bibliográficas 24 Anexos 35 1 Resumo : Com o objetivo reconhecer os padrões morfológico e anatômico predominantes para as folhas de dicotiledôneas do cerrado, foram estudadas a morfologia de 70 espécies e a anatomia de 30 espécies arbóreo-arbustivas representativas da flora desse bioma no estado de São Paulo.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Biologia
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto de Biologia TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? CAMPINAS 2020 TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FERNANDO ROBERTO MARTINS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Gloria, Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da, 1988- G514c GloComo a variação no número cromossômico pode indicar relações evolutivas entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica? / Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da Gloria. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. GloOrientador: Fernando Roberto Martins. GloDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Glo1. Evolução. 2. Florestas secas. 3. Florestas tropicais. 4. Poliploide. 5. Ploidia. I. Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: How can chromosome number
    [Show full text]
  • Transformation of Arabidopsis Thaliana with Heat Stress-Related Genes from a Copaifera Officinalis Expressed Sequence Tag Library Samuel R
    University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Dissertations Student Research 8-1-2011 Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with heat stress-related genes from a Copaifera officinalis expressed sequence tag library Samuel R. Zwenger Follow this and additional works at: http://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Zwenger, Samuel R., "Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with heat stress-related genes from a Copaifera officinalis expressed sequence tag library" (2011). Dissertations. Paper 294. This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School TRANSFORMATION OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA WITH HEAT STRESS-RELATED GENES FROM A COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG LIBRARY A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Samuel R. Zwenger College of Natural and Health Sciences School of Biological Sciences August, 2011 THIS DISSERTATION WAS SPONSORED BY ______________________________________________________ Chhandak Basu, Ph.D. Samuel R. Zwenger DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Advisory Professor_______________________________________________________ Susan Keenan, Ph.D. Advisory Professor _______________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Potentials of Pesticidal Plants in Enhancing Diversity of Pollinators in Cropped Fields
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2018, 9, 2659-2675 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 Potentials of Pesticidal Plants in Enhancing Diversity of Pollinators in Cropped Fields Juliana Godifrey*, Ernest R. Mbega, Patrick A. Ndakidemi Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Ecosystems Management School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania How to cite this paper: Godifrey, J., Mbe- Abstract ga, E.R. and Ndakidemi, P.A. (2018) Poten- tials of Pesticidal Plants in Enhancing Di- Declines in populations of pollinators in agricultural based landscapes have versity of Pollinators in Cropped Fields. raised a concern, which could be associated with various factors such as in- American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9, tensive farming systems like monocropping and the use of non-selective syn- 2659-2675. thetic pesticides. Such practices are likely to remove beneficial non-crop https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.913193 plants around or nearby the cropped fields. This may in turn result into losses Received: September 25, 2018 of pollinators due to loss of the natural habitats for insects therefore, inter- Accepted: December 18, 2018 fering the interaction between beneficial insects and flowering crop plants. Published: December 21, 2018 Initiatives to restore friendly habitats for pollinators require multidisciplinary approaches. One of these could be the use of pesticidal flowering plants as Copyright © 2018 by authors and part of field margin plants with the aim of encouraging the population of pol- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative linators whilst reducing the number of pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil’S Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, a Document That Displays the Country’S Progress in Relevant Areas Following the First Report in 1996
    67$7(2)7+(%5$=,/·63/$17 *(1(7,&5(6285&(6 6(&21'1$7,21$/5(3257 &RQVHUYDWLRQDQG6XVWDLQDEOH8WLOL]DWLRQIRU)RRGDQG $JULFXOWXUH Organized by: Arthur da Silva Mariante Maria José Amstalden Sampaio Maria Cléria Valadares Inglis Brasilia – DF 2009 1 $87+256 Chapter 1 Eduardo Lleras Perez Arthur da Silva Mariante Chapter 2 Luciano Lourenço Nass Bruno Teles Walter Lidio Coradin Ana Yamaguishi Ciampi Chapter 3 Fábio Oliveira Freitas Marcelo Brilhante Medeiros Chapter 4 José Francisco Montenegro Valls Renato Ferraz de Arruda Veiga Rosa Lia Barbieri Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho Ramos Patrícia Goulart Bustamante Chapter 5 Ana Chistina Sagebin Albuquerque Luciano Lourenço Nass Chapter 6 Arthur da Silva Mariante Tomaz Gelson Pezzini Chapter 7 Maria Cléria Valadares Inglis Maurício Antônio Lopes Arthur da Silva Mariante José Manoel Cabral de Souza Dias Chapter 8 Maria José Amstalden Sampaio Simone Nunes Ferreira Chapter 9 Maurício Antônio Lopes 2 35(6(17$7,21 It is my pleasure to present the second National Report on the State of Brazil’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, a document that displays the country’s progress in relevant areas following the first report in 1996. The present report is a step toward the preparation of the Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Furthermore, it will provide a basis for establishing national, regional and global priorities, will help design strategic policies toward the implementation of priority actions for agricultural development, and will foster conservation and sustainable use of native and exotic biodiversity resources. As a party to both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Brazil considers activities related to genetic resources as priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Plowden.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology THE ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE ALTO RIO GUAMÁ INDIGENOUS RESERVE (EASTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON) A Thesis in Ecology by James Campbell Plowden 2001 James Campbell Plowden Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2001 We approve the thesis of James Campbell Plowden. Date of Signature Christopher F. Uhl Professor of Biology Chair of the Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee James C. Finley Associate Professor of Forest Resources Roger Koide Professor of Horticulture Ecology Stephen M. Smith Professor of Agricultural Economics iii ABSTRACT Indigenous and other forest peoples in the Amazon region have used hundreds of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for food, medicine, tools, construction and other purposes in their daily lives. As these communities shift from subsistence to more cash-based economies, they are trying to increase their harvest and marketing of some NTFPs as one way to generate extra income. The idea that NTFP harvests can meet these economic goals and reduce deforestation pressure by reducing logging and cash-crop agriculture is politically attractive, but this strategy’s feasibility remains in doubt because the production and market potential of many NTFPs remains unknown. The need to obtain this sort of information is particularly important in indigenous reserves in the Brazilian
    [Show full text]
  • Galling Insect Synchronizes Its Life Cycle with Plant Phenology
    Oecologia Australis 22(4): 438–448, 2018 10.4257/oeco.2018.2204.07 BUILDING TWO HOUSES ON A SINGLE HOST PLANT: GALLING INSECT SYNCHRONIZES ITS LIFE CYCLE WITH PLANT PHENOLOGY Luana Pfeffer1, Uiara Costa Rezende1, Gudryan Jackson Barônio1 & Denis Coelho de Oliveira1,* 1 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s/n, CEP 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected] (*corresponding author); [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Galls are specific interactions between specialist herbivores and their host plants. They are considered neoformed plant organs developed from cellular hypertrophy, tissue hyperplasia and cellular redifferentiation of the host tissues. Among several organisms capable of inducing galls, insects induce them with high morphological complexity. The induction and development of galls depend on the availability of responsive sites in the host plant that react to the chemical and/or mechanical stimuli of galling insects. The synchronization between the timing of availability of these responsive sites and the galling insect life cycle is essential for the establishment of the interaction. Galling insects are subject to several chemical, physiological and phenological changes in their host plant. Thus, changes in the host cycle may alter the insect's life cycle, distribution and abundance. This study focused on the morphological aspects and phenological relationship of the Matayba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindaceae) – Bystracoccus mataybae Hodgson, Isaias & Oliveira (Eriococcidae) system, carried out in a semi-deciduous forest located at the Estação Ecológica do Panga (EEP), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Influence of Leaflet Age in Anatomy and Possible Adaptive
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Coelho de Oliveira, Denis; Santos Isaias, Rosy Mary dos Influence of leaflet age in anatomy and possible adaptive values of the midrib gall of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 57, núm. 1-2, marzo-junio, 2009, pp. 293-302 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44918836026 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Influence of leaflet age in anatomy and possible adaptive values of the midrib gall of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) Denis Coelho de Oliveira1 & Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias1, 2 1. Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Botany, Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2. corresponding author: [email protected] Received 21-XI-2007. Corrected 10-VII-2008. Accepted 13-VIII-2008. Abstract: Gall inducing insects most frequently oviposit in young tissues because these tissues have higher metabolism and potential for differentiation. However, these insects may also successfully establish in mature tissues as was observed in the super-host Copaifera langsdorffii. Among C. langsdorffii gall morphotypes, one of the most common is a midrib gall induced by an undescribed species of Cecidomyiidae. Following this ‘host plant and gall-inducing insect’ model, we addressed two questions: 1) Do the age of the tissues alter the gall extended phenotype? 2) Do gall morphological and anatomical features influence the adaptive value of the galling insect? For anatomical and histometrical studies, transverse sections of young and mature, galled and ungalled samples were prepared.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire and Legume Germination in a Tropical Savanna: Ecological and Historical Factors
    Annals of Botany XX: 1–11, 2019 doi: 10.1093/aob/mcz028, available online at www.academic.oup.com/aob Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/aob/mcz028/5412016 by Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais user on 21 March 2019 Fire and legume germination in a tropical savanna: ecological and historical factors L. Felipe Daibes1,*, Juli G. Pausas2, Nathalia Bonani1, Jessika Nunes1, Fernando A. O. Silveira3 and Alessandra Fidelis1 1Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Av. 24-A 1515, 13506–900, Rio Claro, Brazil; 2Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE/CSIC), C. Náquera Km 4.5, 46113, Montcada, Valencia, Spain; and 3Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 6 October 2018 Returned for revision: 19 November 2018 Editorial decision: 8 February 2019 Accepted: 13 February 2019 • Background and Aims In many flammable ecosystems, physically dormant seeds show dormancy-break pat- terns tied to fire, but the link between heat shock and germination in the tropical savannas of Africa and South America remains controversial. Seed heat tolerance is important, preventing seed mortality during fire passage, and is usually predicted by seed traits. This study investigated the role of fire frequency (ecological effects) and seed traits through phylogenetic comparison (historical effects), in determining post-fire germination and seed mortality in legume species of the Cerrado, a tropical savanna–forest mosaic. • Methods Seeds of 46 legume species were collected from three vegetation types (grassy savannas, woody savannas and forests) with different fire frequencies.
    [Show full text]