ENGLISH TEST 45 Minutes一 75 Questions

DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain You will also find questions about a section of the pas­ words and phrases are underlined and numbered‘ In sage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions the right-hand column, you will find alternatives for the do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but underlined part. In most cases, you are t。 choose the rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box. one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement For each question, choose the alternative you consider appropriate for standard written English, or is worded best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer most consistently with the style and tone of the passage document. Read each passage through once before you as a whole. If you think the original version is best, begin to answer the questions that accompany it. For choose "NO CHANGE:' In some cases, you will find in many of the questions, you m_ust read several sentences the right-hand column a question about the underlined beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure part. You are to choose the best answer to the question. that you have read far enough ahead each time you choose an alternative.

PASSAGE I

Picking the Tamed Wild Grape

The farmer, my new boss, handed

me a bucket pointing down a long row. 1. A. NOCHANGE B. and pointed C. by pointing D. pointing me “Scuppernongs are this way㌇’ he said. 2. The writer would like to introduce the topic of the 2 essay by closely connecting the opening paragraph to "Muscadines st缸t two rows over.” the setting that is described in the rest of the essay. 2 Given t�at all the c_;hoices 缸e true, which one best accomplishes the writer ’s goal? F. NOCHANGE G. It had taken me several weeks to find a summer job. H. Scuppernongs and muscadines are available at cer” From ιdistance, the field had looked contained tain times of the year but not others. J. “Thank you，”I said, noticing that it was a big and orderly with its grapevinfls in row upon tidy row, bucket. they were all the same breadth and height and spaced 3. A. NOCHANGE 3 B. all of them were C. they’re D. all

位1e s 创m distance ap缸t. For instance, the scene was 4. F. NOCHAN <;iE 4 G. Under the circumstances, H. Up close, J. Or else, more chaos, enchanting so. Vines tangled 缸oun:d each 5. A. NO CHANGE_ 5 B. chaotic, enchantingly so. other, heart-shaped leaves reaching in all directions. C二so enchantingly chaotically. D. chaos so enchantment.

ACT-71C 2 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 6. Given that all the choices are true, which one continues to provide’ a contrast with the description in this para­ gra_ph S firstsentence? Clusters of grapes drooped haphazardly. The outer F. NOCHANGE 6 G. , had been neatly arranged on tables. portions of the vines had already been picked clean. H. were available for purchase. J. were ready to be picked. 7. Given that all the choices are true, which one most effectively focuses ori the act of one person picking grapes? A. NOCHANGE B. I stuck my arm shoulder-deep into the mass of leaves and felt a cluster th巳re. C. 1:his farm has been part of the local landscape since before I was born. D. In iny family, there’s an annual tradition of making Scuppernongs and muscadines-the words themselves grape jelly fromlocally harvested fruit. so flavorful-growing wild in the southeasternUnited 8. F. NO CHANG� G. have grown H. to grow J. DELETE the underlined portion. States forcenturies. Few farms cultivate it commercially. 9. A. NO CHANGE 9 B. there own C. it now D. them The grapes have a faintly musky flavor.They can be twice 10. Given that all the choice� are true, which one provides information that is most relevant to the focus of the as big as the grapes more commonly sold in groce可stores. paragraph? F. NOCHANGE Instead of being oblong or egg-shaped, they are almost G. The farm has been in the Johnson family for three generations. perfectly spheriβal, something like marbles, only soft, H. . The day was already hot, and it w导sn ’t even noon yet. and full of summer. J. I love all kinds of fruit, but grapes are my favorite. τ'ypically, commercial grapes can be cut from the vine a cluster at a tline, because all the fruit in a cluster ripens at the same time. A single cluster of scuppernongs or muscadines, however, may have two grapes ready to be picked immediately, fourthat will be ready the following da弘and a half dozen也at won’t ripen until the following week. Harvesting is, therefore, labor.:.intensive.

ACT-71C ’ 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Scuppemongs make a transition color-wise from 11. A. NO CHANGE B. go through making a color change light green to translucent yellow as they mature. But C. change color D. colorize when the fruit, whichgrows in vineyards, is deep in the 12. F. NO CHANGE 12 G. fruit, always a healthy choice, H. fruit on the vine J. fruit

vine? so a vineyard worker can have a hard time seeing 13. A. NO CHANGE 13 B. whether the color of the grapes. Following instructions from the c. if D. DELETE the underlined portion. farmer, I picked by feel instead, testing the skin for the rubbery texture出at would indicate ripeness. After filling my bucket to the brim, I walked back to the shelter, the 14. F. NO CHANGE 14 G. bucket, to the brim harvest accumulating there on long wooden tables. Resting H. bucket to the brim; J. bucket to the brim: a moment, I slipped a grape in my mou曲，spat out the 15. A. NO CHANGE B. would of spit bitter seeds and skin, and let由e sweet fruitsettle on my C. have spat D. spitted tongue.

PASSAGE ” A Six-Month Stay in Space When U.S. astronaut, Sunita Williams, 16. F. NO CHA.t�GE G. astronaut, Su且ta 'Willi缸ns left for her six-month stay at the International H. astronaut Sunita审官亘在ms. J. 自tronaut Su国跑啊盟主ams Space Station (ISS) in December 2006. The United 17. A. NO CHAc�GE 17 B. 2田>6. the States was not the only country tracking her voyage. C. 2创)6；也£1 D. 2006也e

Because her father had been bornin India, many citizens 18. GiYen也at all函echi。此时缸e true, w,hich one giv�s the most re！白租E background information to explain the deta豆.spr自己med扭曲e remainder of the sentence? F. NOCH;也NGE G. Through articles published in local papers about 可民盟军ms’s accomplishments, H. Al也ough Vlilliams had been born in the United States, J. A，也ni岳ng her work也roughout her career, of India also proudly followedWilliams as she completed 19. '\Vhich choice most clearly suggests也at Williams is 19 not也εonly astronaut who has worked at也e ISS? research about spaceflight. A. NO CHA.NGE B. contributedto ongoing C. devoted herself to D. τ飞•orked on

ACT·71C 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. [1] As a NASA flight engineer, Williams was assigned to conduct maintenance on the ISS, some of which needed 20. F. NO CHANGE 20 G. of it needed to be performed outside the station. [2] Their spacewalk H. • needed J. need lasted over seven hours, during which they rerouted也e tempor缸y power system to a permanent one. [3] Before her first spacewalk in December 2006, Williams and her colleague, Bob Curbeam, spent hours preparing for the environment of space, which was to be sleeping in an 21. A. NO CHANGE 21 B. that includes airlock to help them a句ust to a lack of air pressure. C. including D. they were [4] Over the next three months, Williams conducted three more additional spacewalks to make rep组rs. [5] These 22. F. NO CHANGE 22 G. numerous brought her total spacewalk time to 29 hours 17 minutes, H. further J. DELETE the underlined portion. a record for women at that time. 曰 23. For the sake of the logic and coherence of this p缸＆ graph, Sentence 2 should be placed: Williams also conducted experiments and A. where it is now. B. before Sentence 1. educational demonstrations for NASA; however, C. after Sentenc巳 3. D. after Sentence 4. her most publicized event involved a personal goal. Having qualifiedfor the spring 2007 Boston Marathon before her voyage; she decided to run the marathon 24. F. NO CHANGE G. voyage, she decided (during the actual Boston race) on也e ISS trea曲lill, H. voyage she decided J. voyage, deciding which is used by the astronauts to fightthe physical e证ects of microgravity. To hold the nearly weightless runner in place, a harnessfastens around the runner’s hips and shoulders and connect to由e treadmill with 25. A. NO CHANGE B. are connected bungee cords and clips. Williams completed her run C. connected D. connects in 4 hours 24 minutes, becoming the firstperson to participate in a marathon while in orbit:

, ACT-71C ‘， 5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 1 因 At the 2007 Ir阳 26. Given that all the following statements are true, which one, 1f added here, would most logically lead readers into the paragraph? 丑 One of the training procedur巳s Williams did prior to her spaceflight was to stay in an underwater lab­ oratory for ten days. G. Williams credits her teachers from her hometown of Needham, Massachusetts, with inspiring her. H. :Villiams planned to cont_inue to train for and run m marathons after her arrivalback on Earth. J. After r巳turni口g to_ 且arth, Williams accepted many professional invitations to share her work.

in Hyderabad, India, she spoke about the effects of 27. A. NO CHANGE 27 B. affects for C. effectsfor D. affects of

’ spaceflight on the human body. Due in p红t to one s 28. F. NO CHANGE G. their H. her J. its

research, one day both men or women may be able to 29. A. NO CHANGE 29 B. and women may be journey farther out into space. f. and women maybe D; or women maybe

Question 30 asks about the preceding passage as a whole.

30. Suppose the writer’s goal had been to focus o口 the path that Williams took to become an astronaut. Would this essay accomplish也at goal? F. Yes, because it focuses on how parts of Williams’s pa&t led to her �rip to the ISS. G. Yes, because it focuses on Williams’s personal goals as an astronaut. H. No, because it focuses on long-term spaceflight and the human body. J. No, because it focuses on Williams’s stay at the ISS.

ACT-71C 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 1 PASSAGE Ill

Form Follows Function Many cities are旦旦豆坚their public transportation 31. A. NO CHANGE B. accumulating systems by implementing bike-share programs. Bikes C. augmenting D. elaborating

docked at stations throughout these cities provide 32. F. NO CHANGE’ 32 G. station s throughout these c!t!es' commuters and tourists with another mode of H. station’s throughout these cities J. stations throughout these cities' transit for short, in-city trips. A person can take a bike (usually for a small fee) from one station, ride it, and then returnit to another station ne缸 his or her destination. Programs vary based on cities' unique conditions, but one thing is consistent, 33. A. NO 巳J:IANGE 33 B. conditions but, one thing is consistent; bike吐iare bikes-often described as clunky or C. cond�t�ons, but one th�ng �s cons�stent: ’ D. conditions: but one thing is consistent, ev司n ugly-don t look like ordinary bikes. There are, however, good reasons for由at. Bike-share bikes ar巳 designed to be durable and easy to repair. Steel, not lightweight旦旦旦旦旦is 34. F. NO <:;HANGE G. aluminum一 H. aluminum; J. aluminum the preferably material for building sturdy bike frames. 35. A. NO CHANGE 35 B. preferred material τb minimize mechanical problems, many progr缸ns C. preferredmateri �ls D. preferable materials provide single-speed or three-speed bikes: fewergears means fewer repairs. In hilly cities, where more gears ar1! essential, bikes are equipped with enclosed, or 36. Which choice most strongly emphasizes the necessity of having more gears? F. 问OCHANGE G. nice to have, H. helpful, J. useful, internal, hub gears，注1ey protect the ge缸S from 37. A. NOCHANGE 37 B. gears that which wea也er- or contact-related damage. C. gears, this is to D. gears that

ACT·甸，71C 7 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 1

Some bike featureshave been specifically chosen to prevent theft. Painting all the bikes one color, however, 38. F. NO CHANGE 38 G. forexample, makes them easily identifiable. [A] Another theft deterrent H. therefore, J. in fact, is the use of not your ordinary bike parts. [B] Because the 39. A. NO CHANG_E 39 B. iηegular, as in not standard, goal of many bike thieves is to reuse or sell individual C. not the same standardized D. nonstandard parts; components incompatible with non-bike-share 40. F. No· CHANGE 40 G. parts. Components bikes are relatively useless to thieves. [C] Other bike H. p缸ts, components J. parts: components modifications make city riding practical. A front basket or rear rack accommodates bags or briefcases. [D] To keep riders’ clothing clean and dry, they are outfitted with 41. A. NO CHANGE 41 B. bikes are C. it is D. DELETE the underlined portion. fenders and mud flaps to prevent riders from getting dirty. 42. F. NO CHANGE G. to prevent riders' clothes from getting dꗧ’－ Some bikes have chain guards, encasements that prevent H. to keep riders clean. J. DELETE the underiined po口ion and end the sen­ bike chains fromrubbing grease on riders' pants. Bright tence with a period. lights and an upright seating position help the rider see and be seen. 曰 43. The writer wants to divide this paragraph in飞。回10 in rder to separ�te the h_iformation about the毒P阳ren­ 。 缸 tion from the information about the features也at e helpful for riders. The est place to be e :new � �－ ，欛由 paragraph would be at Point: 、 "'t二苦－ A. A. As cities continue to experiment, bike-share B. B. C. C. programs are becoming more sophisticated, adopting D. D. ” ܎ “smart technologies, such as: GPS and圇iFi. 、· ㏨ 44. F. NO CHANGE 44 G. technologies such as, H. technologies such as 、 J. technologies such as:

曰 Ch es盹쿶削on ‘ 45. At this point, the writer is considering adding the fol­ lowing true statement: . change: the bikes will still stand out. Additionally, some cities are adopting _.car­ share programs. 叫－ －、 Should the writer make this addition here? A. Yes, because it develops the essay’s discussion of bike-share programs to include other forms of transportat10n. B. Yes, because it provides another example of cities' innovative efforts to expand transportation options. C. No, because it doesn’t indicate if car-share pro­ grams are also using GPS and WiFi technologies. D. No, beca1;1se it di&resses from the main topic ?f the 巳ssay by introducing loosely related information.

ACT-71C 8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 1 PASSAGE IV

The following paragra_phs may or may not be in the most logical order.巨ach paragraph is num­ bered in brackets, and question 60 will ask you to choose where Paragraph 4 should most logically I 飞 be placed.

America the Beautiful ［ 唱’i 咱aaA

Katharine Lee Bates had rarely traveled out of her home state of Massachusetts before the excursion that ； 、 would take her by wagon and then by mule to the top of Pikes Peak in July of 1893. As she began her motion in an upward direction of the towering 46. F. NO <:;RANGE 46 G. uprising movement landmark in Colorado Springs, Bates looked up H. going up J. ascent in awe at the Rocky Mountains rising m加stically into the clouds. [2]

Bates, a professorof English at Wellesley College, had traveled by train with several colleagues to Colorado College to teach a three-week session. The trip itself was an adventure. Instead, a two唰day train ride ended 47. A. NO CHANGE 47 B. On the other hand, a in Chicago, where the World’s Columbian Exposition, C. Overall, a D. A

’ a nineteenth-century world s fair, was taking place. 48. F. NO CHANGE 48 G. happening there in Chicago. H. ?n location in that place. J. in effect. ’ West of Chicago, the train s vision shifted with the passing 49. A. N(? CH人：�mE 4月’ B. train’s vision from the window C. view fromthe train D. vie:wof the train miles. In Colorado, because the expanse of ripening gr创n 50. F. NO CHANGE 50 G. where under ample skies gave way to the spectacle of theRocky H. seeing J. . DELETE the underlined portion. Mountains.

ACT-71C 9 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. [3]

Bates composed the first verse of her poem, 51. A. NO CHANGE 5l B. verse of her poem C. verse, of her poem, D. verse, of her poem

“＇America the Beautiful" while standing atop Pikes Peak. 52. Given that all the choices are true, which one most 52 directly reminds readers of the dramatic setting that From the crest, at an elevation of over inspired Bates? F. NOCHANGE 主. !Jefore making t』e r巳tur!1 t句to Massachusetts. H. m a moment of inspiration. J. in the nineteenth century. 14,000 feet high up in elevation, she gazed 53. A. NO C旦ANGE 53 B. feethigh or more, out at an America she had never seen before, C. feet high up, D. feet, the land below as vast as the sky above. [4]

After descending to Colorado Springs that evening, Bates could not get the spirit of the landscape or the staggering sight of the purples, browns, greens, and golds of the mountain vista out of her mind. She wrote down four stanzas of the poem in her not巳book, however, she 54. F. NOCHANGE 54 G. notebook; however, H. notebook however, J. notebook however was not pleased with this first attempt and set it aside. 55. A. NO CHANGE 55 B. sat them beside. C. set it sideways. [5] D. sat it aside.

τ'woyears later, when she foundher notes from 56. F. NOCHANGE 56 G. later, having the Colorado trip, rewrote the poem, and submitted it 日. later, she “ J. later for publication. America the Beautiful" appeared in the

July 4, 1895, issue of The Cong陀gationalist magazine.

But Bates, whichever the perfectionist, continued to 57. A. NO CHANGE B. who is C. ever D. if

“ ’ revise the poem. In 1913, she revised America the 58. If the writer w�nts to emphasize Ba,te� s determination 58 to continue to improve her poem, which choice would Beautiful" forthe last time, and, like some previous be LEAST acceptable? “ F. NO_CHAN

ACT-71C 10 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. This version, still sung today, reflectsKatharine Lee 59. Which choice concludes the essay by summarizing it? 59 ’ A. NOCHANGE Bates s own encounter with the vastness and natural B:\ was once sung to a variety of tunes by people in 59 many parts of the coun位y. beauty of the United States of America. C.: is a reminder that successful poei:s sometimes 59 l revise their work multiple times before they are J D happy with it. j is the one I remember learning when I was in grade school.

Question 60 asks about the preceding passage as a whole.

60. For the sake of the logic and coherence of the essay, :Paragraph4 should be placed: F. where it is now. G. before Paragraph 1. H. after Paragraph 1. J. after Paragraph 2.

PASSAGEV

The Evolution of Vocal Learning

r－Eι’i电z·』

Scientists distinguish vocal learning, the ability to 61. A. NOC日ANGE 61 B. learning the ability to remember and reproduce remember and reproduce sounds after hearing them from sounds after hearing them, 61 c. learning, the ability to remember and reproduce auditory learning, the ability to make associations with sounds after hearing them, D. learning the abil!ty, to remember and reproduce certain sounds. For ex创nple, dogs' ability to recognize sounds, after hearing them a command such as “sit'’ is.ahexample of audit。可 learning·because while dogs can learn to identify and respond to the sound, they can’t imitate the sound. Dogs do of course vocaliz后，也ey bark. However, dogs' 62. F. NOCHANGE 62 G. Dogs do, of course, vocalize: ability to bark is a genetically innate vocalization. That H. Dogs, do of co盯se vocalize, J. Dogs do, of course, vocalize

is, a dog doesn't le缸n to bark but, rather, are born 63. A. NOCHANGE ’ 63 B. dogs don t knowinghow. [A] c. one doesn’t D. you don’t

ACT·71C 11 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. [2]

Only humans, bats, cetaceans (whales and dolphins), 64. F. NO CHANGE 64 G. cetaceans (whales and dolphins,) seals, elephants, and three groups of birds-parrots, H. cetaceans, (whales and dolphi且s) J. cetaceans, (whales) and dolphins, hummingbirds, and songbirds一缸E capable of vocal learning. [B] Even though these groups of animals are only distantly related, they have similarities in brain structure that accounts forthe shared vocal learning 65. A. NO C!fANGE 65 B. of which accounts ability. [C] Neurobiologist Erich Jarvis, who studies C. of which account D. that account the vocal learning process in birds, has a也eo巧r

’ about why so little species poss在ss也is 66. F. NO C�NGE “ G. few species H. few species’ 日 J. little species 67. At this point, the writer is considering adding the fol- lowing true statement: In interviews, Jarvis states that his passion for studying the vocal learning process-bird songs, in particular-has been influenced by his background in classical dance. Should the writer make this addition here? A. Yes, because it elaborates effectively on也e pre­ ceding statement about Jarvis. B. Yes, because it explains why Jarvis chose to study vocal learning. C. No, because it interrupts the progression of ideas [3] in the essay. D. No; because it introduces information由at isn飞 Jarvis suspects vocal learners share a common relevant until later in the essay. ancestor that existed before the avi扭Im缸nmalian 68. F. NO CHANGE 68 G. previously to evolutionary split. [D] Vocal learning was once a H. precedent J. prior of common ability, it was, however, eliminated in most 69. A. N

ACT-71C 12 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 1 species that have retained vocal learning ability are rare exceptions. They eith川ave f1巳w natura 71. Which of the following parenthetical phrases, if added �ere, wo口ld be 皿ost c nsistent with the other type of 巳 巳 。 have effectiv escape methods ( as in th case of birds). informationprovided within the sentence? A. (vocal learning being different than auditory learning) B. (better to be the hunter than the hunted, I always say) C. (as in the case of humans, whales, and elephants) D. (def�ned as creatures that rely on predation for [4] survival) Similarly, vocal learners may have developed the 72. F. NO CHANGE 72 G: Alternatively, . H. For instance, J, Therefore, ability in a state of independence of one another. Jarvis 73. A. NO CHANGE 73 B. in independency concedes出at he has yet to identify a common ancestor. C. independently D. independence ’ ’ The similarities in vocal learners brain structure s, 74. F. NO CHANG:8 宇 4 G. learners'’ brain structures’, however, make it difficultfor Jarvis to dismiss the H. learner s brain structures J, learners brain structures theory. Question 75 asks about the preceding passage as a whole.

75. The writer is considering adding the following true statement to the essay: Vocal learningdiffers from innate vocalization in th且t learners must first hear the sound they later imitate. If the writer w巳re to add this sentence to the essay, 1t would most logically be placed at Point: A. A in Paragraph 1. B. B in Paragraph 2. C. C in Paragraph 2. D. Din P缸agraph 3.

END0FTEST1 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO ·so.

AC下0710 13 2 MATHEMATICS TEST 60 Minutes-60 Questions

DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct but some of the problems may best be done. without answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your using a calculator. answer document. Note: Unless otherwise stated, all of the following should Do not linger over problems that take too much time. be assumed. Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in 1. Illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. the time you have left for this test. 2. Geometric figures lie in a plane. You are permi忧ed to use a calculator on this test. You 3. The word line. indicates a straight line. may use your calculator for any problems you choose, 4. The word average indicates arithmetic mean.

1. A car was purchased 4 years ago for $26,200. The DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. ’ current value of t』e car is $17,500. What was the C缸 s average decrease in value per ye缸？ A. $2,175 B. $2,900 C. $4,350 D. $4,375 E. $6,550

2. For what value of xis 6x - 3 = 4x + 7 true? RGH RGH 2 57－

81 81 －

J. 2

K. 5

3. Which of the following integers is NOT a factor of 132 ? A. 6 B. 8 c. 11 D. 12 E. 33

4. A vending machine only accepts qu缸ters ($0.25) and nickels ($0.05). ":7henthe ma他e was emptied Friday afternoon, 325 corns were counted and had a value of $56.25. Which of the following systems of equations, when solved, gives the number of qu红ters, q, and the number of nickels, n ? F. q + n = 325 and 0.25q + 0.05n = 56.25 G. q + n = 325 and 0.25q + 0.50n = 56.25 H. q + n = 325 and 25q + Sn = 56.25 J. q + n = 56.25 and 0.25q + 0.05n = 325 K. q + n = 56.25 and 25q + 5n = 325

AC"下」71C 14 GO ON TO .THE NEXT PAGE. 2

5. Carlotta is helping her .grandfather center a large 四O YOUR FIGURING HERE. framed picture on his living room wall. As shown in the figure below, the rectangular wall is 24 feet long, and the rectangular framed picture is 4.5 feet high and 7 .5 feet long. The left edge of the frame will be x feet from the left edge of the wall, and the right edge of the frame will be x feet from the right edge of the wall. What is the value of x ? 一 x三到一 比斗 ＂＂＇＂＂＂＂＂＂ A. 8.25 Tll"' 『 B. 9.75 4.5国 i 12 J_� c. ←－7.5Ɨ D. 16.5 E. 19.5 24

6. In b.ABC, the sum of the measures of LA and LB is 57。. What is the measure of ζC? F. 33。 G. 57。 H. 66° J. 114。 K. 123。

7. A square and a rectangle have the same area. The length of the rectangle is 32 centimeters, and the width of t坠e rectangle is 2 centimeters. What is也e length, in centimeters, of a side of the squ缸e? A. 2v'I才 B. 8 C. 17 D. 64 E. 68

8. As a motivational speaker, Bree speaks at school assemblies, charging a school district for her travel costs and a fixed amount per assembly. Bree used the equation C = 50a + 1,500 to determine the charge of C dollars to speak at a assemblies in由e Escambia City School District. Bree charged the district $4,250 to speak at school assemblies. How many assemblies did Bree speak at in this district? 丑30 G. 54 H. 55 J. 85 K. 115

9. Let a and b be positive prime numbers. Which of the following numbers must be a factor of both a and b ? A. 0 B. 1 C. a D. b E. ab

川 Ƕ 布 J RU 广 15 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. I' 2 2 10. What is the value of 80 - 5(x - y) + y when x = 4 and DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. y=6? F. 0 G. 24 H. 36 J. 76 K. 756

11. At the Winter We ather Store, the price of 1 hat is $12 and the price of 1 s?arffs $14. Jovon spent $128 to buy 10 items-a combination of hats and scarves .. How many hats did he buy? A.· 1 B. 4 c. 5 D. 6 E. 8

12. Square ABEF and parallelogram ACDG are shown in the figure below. Points ·E and F are on 15否，B is on z言， and the lengths given are in inches. What is the ratio of the area of ABEF to the area of ACDG ?

F. 1:12 c G. 1:24 H. 5:12 J. 12:1 K. 12:5 o4 I ? 13. Which of the followin p s shows the solution set forthe inequality 6x 一 ! f; f A. ‘·． ol X 3 B. 。 2 X c. 。 66.χ 甸D. -2 。 X E. 一2 。 2 X

14. The length of a rectangle is 5 inches longer than the width. The perimeter of the rectangle is 60 inches. What is the width of the rectangle, in inches? F. 12 G. 12.5 H. 24 J. 25 K. 27.5

ACT-71C 16 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 0 YOUR FIGURING HERE. Use the following information to answer 。 questions 15-17.

Miriam conducted a survey of the students in her 8th-grade class to determine which of 7 Olympic sports were the most popul缸 Each student who responded to the survey selected 1 Olympic sport as his or her favorite. The circle graph below shows the number of students who selected ea,ch of the 7 Olympic sports. A total of 40 students responded to the survey.

15. To the nearest 0.1 %, what percent of the students who responded to the survey selected Basketball? A. 10.0% • B. 12:s% C. 22.5% D. 25.0% E. 30.0% 16. In this survey, what is the ratio of the number of students who selected Athletics to the number of students who selected Soccer? F. 5:9 G. 5:14 H. 9:5 J. 9:14 K. ·9:40

17. In the circle graph, what is the angle measure of the sector that represents the number of students who responded to the su凹ey who selected Tennis? A. 41。 B 2 .c. 5。 D. 9。 E. 10°

ACT-71C 17 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 18. A spinner dial from a game is sho_wn in the figure DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. below. Each numbered sector of the circle has the same central angle measure. If the 缸row on the spinner dial is spun randomly, w'b.at is the prob�bility the ar�ow will point to a sector whose number is both a multiple of 3 and a multiple of 4 ? 3 F. 8 G. 1.. 2 H 一5 . 8 3 J. 4 一 K. 7 8 19. The counselors at Lakewood High School interviewed 200 students to determine I?lacement i到 3 different honors courses: Math, Chemistry, and Literature. The numbers of these students placed in these honors co町ses 缸e shown in the Venn diagram below. Of these 200 students, 10% were plact:d into all 3 honors courses, and 35% were placed into exactly 2 honors courses. What percent of the students were placed into exactly 1 honors co盯se? Lakewood阻gh School Honors Course Placement

A. 7.5% B. 10% C. 32.5% D. 45% E. 50%

20. One sign flashes every 4 seconds, and another sign flashes 巳very 14 seconds. At a certain insta.nt, the 2 signs flash at the same time. How many seconds elapse until the 2 signs next flash at the same tim巳？ F. 9 G. 10 H. 18 J. 28 K. 56

21. Which of the following transformations shifts all points graphed in th巳 standard (x,y) coordinate，‘ plane down 5 coordinate units? A. (x,y） → （x, y- 5) B. (x,y） →巾， y+ 5) C. (x,y） →巾， －Sy) D. (x,y） → （x- 5, y) E. (x,y） → （x + 5, y)

ACT-71C 18 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 － 22. For ACshown below, B is on AC，创ength of AB is DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. 12 cm, and the length of BE is 20 cm. What is the distance, in centimeters，一 between C and the midpoint of AB? A B C EGHLK 12223正u ny 叮h duqiH

23. ·Which2 of the following expressions is a factored form of x - 5x+6 ABCDE 4 ’WUUUU－一－－＋。3 atJ、’’VKKU’’阴242111飞富，、， 句3 一÷一十一 J、‘，J ζJζufo J、．，、．，、． J．．、 F 、‘，， F、‘

24. The sum of (-2-f÷ 2x+ 8) and which of the following polynomials is （圭,l-÷3)? EGHLK EGHLK 3x2 十 21:÷11 一7x2÷2x÷5 2 7x -2r-5 -7x2 + 5 7x2 -5 3＋占 25. The叩essio「÷f is叩al to: 品～＇ 一 18 A. I 9 19 B. 2 吨，占呵，，“ －－ C. 2lp1·。。－

D. ny E. 5

26. Ava starts with a long list of numbers, each of which . she must multi内by fa could get the s缸ne results by multiplying each number on her list by which of thefollowing numbers? 1一43 F.

G. －4

H. 4

J. 6 K. 8 1/9.'ii"jc 19 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 27. When 6x = 2y - 18 is graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane, what is the y-intercept? A. 2 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE二 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6 E. 9

2 28. Given functions f(x) ==x - 5 and g(x) = 5 - x , what is f(g(-4))? F. -76 G. 一20 H. 一16 J. 16 K. 86

29. For right triangle .8.ABC shown below, which of the foll�V:_ing expressions has a value that is equal to cos Aγ A A. sin A B B. sin 9 E立 C. cosB 阳 D. tan A E. tan B C 12 feet B

30. The叩就iony＝子主x 一 件 is gr呐ed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below. No point on the graph has which of the followingx-coordinates? y 4 3 2 1

4 X

卫一3 G. -2 H. 一I J. 0 K. 1

31. The Wilson family sold a shipment of walnuts to a farming cooperative for $210 at出e rate of $0.03 .per pound. If their shipment averaged 12 walnuts per pound, which of t』e follo听ing is closest to t』e total number of walnuts in the shipment? A. 580 B. 840 C. 7,000 D. 7,600 E. 84,0QO

ACT-71C 20 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 32. Over a 7-day period at Phil's Fitness, the average DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. ttendance of the slowest day and the busiest day was 247 members. The average of the other 5 days was also 247 members. The total attendance for the 7-day period at Phil’S Fitness was how many members? F. 247 G. 494 H. 1,235 J. 1,729 K. 2,470

33. Which of the following values is a zero of 3 f(x) = 2x - 5王一12x? A. 3 B. 2 3 C. 一一2 D. -4 E. -6

34. The sum of a sequence of consecutive odd numbers, where the smallest term is J, is always a perfest 叩红e. For exampl巴，1 + 3 = 2" and 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 4二 One of the sequences described above has a sum of 144. What is the largest odd number in the sequence? F. 11 G. 13 H. 15 J. 23 K. 73

35. What is the slope of the line that passes through the points (-2,5) and (3，一4) in the standard 巾，y) coordinate plane?

A. 1

B. _l5 c. 一主 9 D. -1

E. 一一95

36. Among the following rational numbers, which has the greatest value? F. 0.34 G. 0.34 0.34 0.343 0.3409

21 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 DO 飞（OUR FIGURING HERE. Use the following information to answer questions 37-39.

A parabola with equation y = ax2 is graphed in the standard coordinate plane below. Point lies on the (x,y) Z(p,q) p缸abola. y

X

37. For any point Z(p,q) on the parabola, which of the following points must also be on the parabola?

A. (-p，一q) B. (-p, q) c. ( p,-q) 2 2 D. ( p , q ) E. ( q, p) 38. What is thevalue of a if the coordinates of Z are (5, 100) ? E土 20 G. 2 H. 4 J. 10 K. 20

39. Suppose that由e p缸abola is rotated clockwise ( C") by 90。 about the origin. Which of the followingjs an equation for the parabola that results. froni · this rotation? A. x=-al 2 B. x= ay C. y= a飞J王 D. y=-ax2 E. y= ax2 + 90

40. For all k > 0, Ix I = I y I = -k has how many (x,y solutions? ) F. 0 G. 1 H. 2 J. 3 K. 4

ACT·71C 22 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 41. A Ferris wheel is turning at a constant speed during DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. 1 of its rotations. Let t represent the time that e e e e ee t e has laps d sinc th wh l s art d turning and l宁 h represent the height above ground level of a certam s eat on the wheel. The seat is at its minimum height at t = a seconds and is at its maximum height at t = b seconds. One of the following graphs represents the relationship between t and h during this rotation. Which one? A. D :t叶 .l 蜌 。 α b ，t 。 a b t B E . l仰 . l 押 。 α b ， 。 a b ，t c.l忡 。 α b ，t

42. In the figure below, X and Z are on line m, and Y is ?!1° line l. The exterior angle to 6.XYZa t Z measures 160 . One of the follow�ng statements gives sufficient additional information to find the measure of Lb. Which one? y a/b'"、...£..＿

° dfe �」二 160 X Z m

F. Line l is parallel to line m._ ° G. The measure of Ld is 130 . H. The measure of ζc is equal to the measure of 丘且， J. The measure of La is greater than the measure of LC. ° K. The sum of the measures of Lb, Le, and Lf is 180 '.

43. In the figure below, C lies in也已interior of the acute ABD, D gle 丘 and lies in the interior of the 。acute gle LCBE. The measure of LABE is 75 ， the ABC 。， LDBE me。asure of 丘 is 25 and the measure of is 35 . What is the measure of LABD ?

。 B A. 15。 B. 30。 C. 40。 D. 50 E. 60°

AC下C71C 23 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2

44. Li is standing �t point L on the north side of the small DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. canyon shown in the figure below. As measured by line of sight, Li is 2 miles from an observation tower at T, and she �s 3 miles from a scenic overlook at S. Li, the observation tower, and the scenic overlook are all at the same elevation. The measure ofζS is 28° . Which of the following equations, when solved, gives the measure ofζ T? (Note: For a triangle with sides of length a, b, and c that are opposite 칙A, LB, and LC, ·respectively, sin A sin B sin C 、 ' a b C

、L人 ’／喃喃眼睛丽町、 3、－ 应幽幽哆也L. �anyon 飞＼飞』耐在 飞／ 28飞，， T S EGHL h T－ 5 － m Lrz句 3· － 一 ： 旨句 m T－ 4 －3· T一 －m一： m s ，，“－ －2 －33 m 组－r 2 一； f 3－

K. sin T - sin 28。 ＝3-2

45. Mr. Green is buying mulch for his triangular”shaped garden shown below. When the mulch is uniformly spread 2 inches deep, each bag of mulch Will cqver 12 squ缸e feet. Mr. Green plans to uniformly spi:eadhis mulch 3 inches deep. Which of the following is closest to the number of bags of mulch Mr. Green will: need for his garden?

t－A nu si ＆－L 㜍uu au

26 feet A. 11 B. 17 c. 22 D. 24 E. 33

ACT-71C 24 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 ’ ’ 46. A child s dose of medicine is often based on an adult s t O YOUR FIGURING HERE. dose of medicine. For some medicines, Cowling’s rule, d L d ＝旦坚兰24 ’ relates the dose of milligrams for a child of age a years to the adult dose of D milligrams. Which of the following expressions gives a in terms of D andd?

F. d-1－旦 24 G. 旦 1 豆24 + E丁�A.-1

J. 11!- + 1 24d 一 1 K. D

47. For all x > 0, which of the following expressions is 吨uivalent to 叫叫？

A. Iogx

B. log 1 + log I

c. log 2 + f logx 1 1 D.言log 2＋言logx

E. f (log 2)(log x)

48. In b.ACD shown below, BE is parallel to CD; and the given lengths are in f臼L Given that CD denotes the length, in feet, of CD, which of the following proportions involving CD must be true? A F. 一－CD = 16 8 28 一 G. 一CD_ －8 12 16 D H. 一－CD = 8 28 16 J. 一－CD_ －16 C 28 8 K. 一－CD = 8 28 v恒百

ACT-71C 25 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2

49. The �raph ofy = a sin bx is sho"'.n below － �or certain DO YOUR FIGURING HERE圃 positive values of a and b. One of the following values is equal to a. Which one? ABCD ABCD 1 22 － y 1 －33

22 22 －

一1

E. 3

50. The graph below illustrates the normal distribution curve. The percent of the data that falls 即ithin each standard deviation from the mean is given to the nearest 0.1 %.

X -3 mean +3 s,d. s.d. Suppose that the heights of men in a certain population are normally distri_buted with a mean of 69.0 inches and a standard deviation of 2.7 inches. To the nearest 0.1 %, what percent of men in the population are at least 74.4 inches tall? F. 2.3% G. 2.7% H. 4.6% J. 47.7% K •. 54.4%

51. Circles with centers A, B, and C, respectively, are mutually tangent, as shown below, and have radii of lengths a, b, and c, respectively. The lengths of互Ii, BC, and AC are 13 inches, 15 inches, and 26 inches, respectively. What is the value of a + b + c ? (Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.)

A. 18 B. 24 C. 27 D. 40 E. 54

A盯·71C 26 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2. 52. Which of the following sets of 3 lengths, in decimeters, DO飞（OUR FIGURING HERE. 缸e the side lengths of an obtuse triangle? (Note: An obtuse triangle has 1 angle whose measure is greater than 90。 and less than 180。．） F. {4, 4, 5} G. {5, 12, 13} H. {6, 8, 10} J. {7, 10, 12} K. {8, 11, 16}

53. A峨A m叩ires fπradians from its initial巾to its terminal side. Angle B has the S缸ne initial side and terminal side as Angle A. Which of the following measures could be that of Angle B ? ABCDE qdA『qdnunu。。。。。 唱i 坷，“nyoo

唱EA

54. A polyn<_>mi且l in x has m nonzero ter平s. Another polynomial in x has n nonzero terms, where m < n. These polynomials 町e multiplied and all like terms are combined. The resulting polynomial in x has a maximum of how many nonzero terms? F. n 一m+n G. 2 H. m+n mn J.

K. mn

ACτ�71C 27 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2

55. Hannah is building a fence along 3 sides of a rectangle, DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. leaving 1 of the short sides unfenced. The fence has a post at each corner. The rectangle is 30 feet by 48 feet, measured from the centers of the corner posts. As shown in the figure below, adjacent posts ofthe fence are set every 6 feet, and there are 12 wooden sl孟ts between each pair of posts. How many wooden slats will Hannah use for the fence?

12 slats

A. 72 B. 156 C. 240 D. 252 E. 312

56. Which of the following graphs best represents the system of inequalities below?

10 ::;;x:s; 40 0 :s;;y:s; 30 y� －－x+lO y::;;-x+45

F. y J. y

X X

X X

4‘ X

ACT-71C 28 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 57. In the diagram below, chord EF is parallel to DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. diameter AB. The length of EF is 10 inches and the length of互E is 14 inches. What is the distance, in inches, from C, the center of the circle, to D, the midpoint of EF ? 10 inches

A. 4 2 B. 4言 A B c. 2v百 D. 5 14 inches E. 4V百

58. The entire graph of = is shown in y f(x) the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below. One of the followingsets is the domain off. Which set? vdqJ F. {O, 1, 2, 3}

G. {-1, 0, 1, 2} 叫4 H. ｛一1, 0, 1, 2, 3} 41 J. {x I O 至 x豆 3} K. {xl-l豆x<3} 一1 2 3 X

59. Let the value� of real numbers a, b, and c be restricted by the 2 conditions given below. 1. a !s 5 less than b 2. b is at least 3 m�re than c Which of the f?llowing inequalities expresses the same relationship between a and c as given by the 2 conditions? A. a� c-2 B. a� c+2 C. a� c + 3 D. a� c- 8 E. a� c + 8

60. Let m and n be nonzero real numbers such that n 2 + 1 = 2m. Which of the following is an expression for n+3 2 in terms ofm? 1 F. 百 1一伽 G.

3 H. ”1

2 J. 4m

K. Sm END OF TEST2 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. ,-:;, DO NOT RETURN TO THE PREVIOUS TEST.

ACT-71C 29 3 READING TEST 35 Minutes-40 Questions

DIRECTIONS: There are four passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. A位er reading a passage, choose the best answer to each questi。n and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessar弘

Passage I daughter, he only knew that he needed to hold to some­ thing. The pull they had on him was so strong he could Bel PROSE FICTION: This(©2001 passage is adapted from the novel 45 feel himself falling forward out of the high and distant Canto by Ann _Patchett by Ann Patchett). seats. (1813-1901) Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian opera composer. Such love breeds loyalty, and Mr. Hosokawa was a loyal man. He never forgot the importance of Verdi in He remembers another birthday, his eleventh, the’ his life. He became attached to certain singers, as birthday on which he first heard opera, Verdi S 50 Rigoletto. everyone does. He believed in the genius of Maria His father had taken him to Tokyo by train Callas above all others. There was never a great deal of and together they walked to the theat巳r in a steady 5 It time in his days. Custom was that after having dinner downpour. was October 22 and so it was a cold with clients and completing paperwork, he would spend autumn rain and the streets were waxed in a paper-thin thirty minutes listening to music before falling asleep. layer of wet red leaves. When they arrived at the Tokyo 55 It was impossibly rare, 1:1-aybe five Sundays a year, that Metropolitan Festival Hall, their 1:ndershirts were wet he found three consecutive hours to listen to one opera beneath coats and sweaters. The tickets waiting inside 10 ’ ’ start to finish. Once, in his late forties, he ate a spoiled Katsumi Hosokawa s father s billfold were wet and dis­ oyster and suffered a vicious bout of food poisoning colored. They did not have especially good seats, but that kept him home for three days. He remembered this their view was unobstructed. In 1954, money was pre­ 60 time as happily as any vacation because he played cious; tram tickets and operas were unimaginable Handel's Alcina continually, even while he slept. things. They. climbed the long set of stairs to their row, 15 careful not to look down into the dizzying void beneath It was his eldest daughter, Kiyomi, who bought them. They bowed and begged to 总e excused by every him his first recording of Roxane Coss for his birthday. person who stood to let them pass into their seats, and Her father was a nearly imp?ssible man to buy gifts for, then they unfolded their seats and slipped inside. They 65 and so when she saw the disc and a name she did not were early. They waited, father and sori, Without 20 recognize, she thought she would take a chance. But it speaking, until finally the darkness fell and the first wasn’t the unknown name that drew her, it was the breath of music stirred fromsomeplace far below them. woman’s face. Kiyomi found the pictures of sopranos Tiny people, insects, �eally, slipped out frombehind the irritating. They were always peering over the tops of curtains, opened their mouths, and with their voices 70 fans or gazing through veils of soft netting. But Roxane gilded the walls with their yearning, their grief, their Coss looked at h�r directly, eyen 』er chin was straight, 25 boundless love. her eyes were wide open. Kiyomi gave h巳r money to the girl at the counte卫 It was during that performance of Rigoletto that opera imprinted itself on Katsumi Hosokawa. Many When Mr. Hosokawa put the CD in the player and years later, when everything was business, when he 75 sat down in his chair to listen, he did not go back to worked harder than anyone in a country whose values 30 缸 work白at night. ·rt was as迁he was a boy in those high e structured on hard work, he believed that life, true seats in Tokyo again, his father’s hand large and warm 缸m life, was something that was stored in music.’ True life around his own. It was soaring, that voice, w and was kept safe in the lines of Tchaikovsky s Eugene Onegin complicated, utterly fearless. How could it be at once while you went out into the world and met the BO controlled and so reckless? He called Kiyomi's name obligations required of you. Certainly he knew (though C缸n 35 ’I and she e and stood in the doorway of his study. did not completely understand) that opera wasn for She started to say something-yes? or, what? o巳sir?­ everyone, but for everyone he hoped there was 缸 but before she could make out the words she heard that something. He knew白at without opera, p t of himself voice, the straight-ahead woman from the picture. Her would have vanished altogether. It was early in the 85 father didn’ t even say it, he simply gestured towards s巳cond act, when Rigoletto and Gilda sang together, 40 one speaker with his open hand. She 听as enormously their voices’ twining, leaping, that he reached out for his pleased to have done something so right. Mr. Hosokawa father s hand. He had no idea what they were saying, closed his eyes. He dreamed. nor did he know that they played the parts of 旬出er and

ACT-71C 30 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3.

1. The point of view from which the passage is told is 6. The passage indicates that Kiyomi ultimately decided best describ巳d as that of: on the CD by Coss because Kiyomi: A. a young boy with a passion for opera. F. knew Coss was one of her father’s favorites. B. the daughter of an extremely busy fa由er. G. was drawn to an unknown name. ’ C. 扭 omniscient narrator, who knows the thoughts of H. liked how Coss s face looked in a picture. the characters. J, couldn’ t find a Callas recording. D. an unnamed narrator who relates events from Mr. Hosokawa ’s perspective. 7. The phrase dizzying void (line 15) is most likely included in the passage to suggest that Mr. Hosokawa and his father: 2. The passage establishes all of the following about Mr. Hosokawa EXCEPT that he: A.. feared heights. B. sat high up in the theater. F. heard his first opera on his eleventh birthday. C. sat above a section of empty seats. G. appreciated Eugene Onegin. _ D. felt emotionally drained. H. rarely went out into the world. J. didn’ t understand the plot of Rigoletto when he 8. The statement in lines 34-37 most nearly means that saw the opera performed. Mr. Hosokawa: F. wanted everyone to love opera as much as he did. 3. Which of the following statements best characterizes G. felt that few people could learn to appreciate opera Kiyomi's relationship with her father, as it is presented the way he had. in the passage? H. wanted everyone to experience the kind of joy that A. She wants to please him. opera had brought him. B. She shares his fondness for opera.· J. refused to realize that opera wasn’t for everyone. C. She feels increasingly distant 企om him. “ µ. She enjoys spending time with him. 9. The statement Such love breeds loyalty, and Mr. Hosokawa was a loyal man” （lines 47-48) most directly refersto the fact that Mr. Hosokawa: 4. In the passage, lines 3一12 prim缸ily se凹e to: A. loved his father, and that love continued to guide · F. suggest that the opera was overshadowed· by his life. unpleasant weather and bad seats. B. retained his appreciation for his favorite opera G. describe the typical, rainy October weather in composers and singers. Tokyo in the mid-1950s. C. was unhesitatingly loyal to the people at his H. offer sensory d巳tails that help set the stage for the workplace. important experience to be related. D. listened exclusively to the recordings of Callas for J. imply that for Mr. Hosokawa, the train trip was several years. more memorable than the opera. 10. According .to the passage, the time Mr. Hosokawa 5. Mr. Hosokawa’s reaction to the Rigoletto performance remembered “as happily as any vacation" (line 60) is most clearly reflected in the way Mr. Hosokawa: was: ” 、 A. “climbed the long set of stairs to their row F. one: of the few Sundays he was able to listen to an (line 14). entire opera. ’ B. “bowed and begged to be ex7used by every pe�son. G. the three days he d had the time to listen continu­ who stood to let them pass into their seats” (lines ously to Alcina. 16-17). H. the time he saw Rigoletto with his father. “ c. waited ... without speaking" (lines 19-20). J. the sick day� he took off from work when he D. “reached out for his father’s hand" (lines 40-41). wasn’t really ill.

ACT·71C 31 GO ON TO THE NEXT .PAGE. 3 Passage II boulder吕， shipped from as far away as the Northwest Territories, echo the curvaceous form of the museum SOCIAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from the article building, its rough-hewn limestone surface meant to "A Native Spirit, Inside the Beltway” by Patricia Leigh Brown 55 recall a cliff facesculptured by the wind. (©2004 by The New York Times Company). To acquaint herself with the 旧iddle Atlantic Ethnobotany is the study of how plants are used in particular region, House consulted fellow botanists, but also set cul tu『es. out on the Potomac River in a canoe. In a sense, she has served both as a botanist and the conscience of the When Donna House, a Navajo ethnobotanist, steps 60 landscape, guiding the plant�ng to reflect bot且 the gingerly through the barbed wire fence into her back­ museum’s collection-which includes artifacts like a yard-a former alfalfa field along the Rio Grande now 2,000-ye缸，old Paiute duck decoy made of bulrushes­ brimming w�th native plants fra四ed by a �istant and Indian beliefs and values. 5 mesa-there is a sense of homecoming, of reunion, of land returning to its origins. So it is, too, on the House frequently receives calls at odd hours from National Mall in Washington, D.C., where House is the 65 t�ibes wor.ried 吕bout endangered plants. During her guiding force behind a landscape of cornfields, mead­ eight years advising the Nature Conservancy about con­ ows, forest and wetlands-complete with 3,500 spe- servation on Indian lands, House worked with th巳 10 cially introduced ladybugs-outside the Smithso旦ian ’ ’ Tohono 0 odham (the Papago) in southern Ar!zona, on Institution s National Museum of the American Indian. ’ whose lands grows Kearney s blue star, a wildflower 70 that in the late 1980 ’s federal botanists declared the In her career as an ethnobotanist, House, who rarest. plant in Arizona, believing that it was down to its grew up on a Navajo r巳servation in Arizona, has served last eight specimens. A few years later, House showed a as a translator of sorts between- “the people" ( or the ’ “ picture of the, plant to Jefford Francisco, now the tribe s 15 Dineh) and the outside "":'orld. 《 traditional old natural resources technician, and he thought he recog- school" Indian, as she sometimes jokingly refers to her­ 75 nized it from the days when his father took him deer self, as well as an environmental scientist, she has hunting. House traveled with him to the shady canyon worked for or consulted with the Nature Conservancy, of his childhood memories, where they found scores of the federal Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park blue stars. “They knew more about their ecosystem than 20 Service, the Navajo Nation and others, helping to pro­ I did, no matter how much I read，”she said of the tribe. t巳ct rare and endangered plants that have cultural, as “ 80 Elders know the birds, the paths the animals take, the well as ecological, significance. Recognizing the ’ “ plants. A lot of knowledge you can t find in a library.” diversity of plants is no different出an recognizing the diversity of people，”she said. She was overjoyed recently to discover that a great blue heron had arrived on the Mall and was perched on 25 Al�mg the way, she ften bridges the gap between 。 a dead cypress trunk in the museum wetland. Ducks the native world view-in which human beings and 85 were feasting on the wild rice, somewhat to her cha­ nature are interrelated, and all plants, animals and grin, and the dragonfl!es were soaring f�ur stories high. mountains and other landforms are sacred-and the It is a habitat－“one little quark，” she said，“in the huge . mory scientific, one, poIµnating a deeper understanding galaxy of the native world”一-coming to life. 30 between them. Her home· ground, or habitat-a word she prefers to lap.d乎cape-stretches far into the horizon, to the cottonwoods along the river presided ove� by the steep, roc问y mesa. “A landscape is not. dynamic，”she said. “A habitat is a place where beings ·come to life.”

35 These fields were farmland until House, much to 11. The main purpose of the passage is to: the consternation of some of her neighbors, dispensed on her ideas about wi也the alfalfa and roses，“allowing the memory of the A. discuss House, with emphasi� land to return.”The globe mallow, prized by the Navajo and work on behalf of the environment. B. recount in chronological order several key events for its medicinal appli<:ations, came back. �o did the ’ 40 sunflowers, used for millennia by the Navajo to treat in House s career. C. describe the National Museum of the American prenatal infections. The Navajo have also fashioned the ’ s work for it. hollow stalks of sunflowers into bird snares and flutes Indian and House D. list and describe the duties of a typical ethno­ and boiled the seed hulls for a dark-red dye. The seeds botanist, using House as an example. themselves 缸e used for soup.

’ “ 12. The passage indicates that House intentionally added 45 To the Mall s polite formality-its tulips ail in a line：’ in House’s words-has come a contrasting pres­ all of the following to the grounds outside the National ence: a wetland visible from the Capitol sprol_lting cat­ Museum of the American Indian EXCEPT: tails, wild rice a_nd about 1,440 waterlili巳s. 、Visitors F. herons. meander past a meadow of buttercups, panic grass and G. ladybugs. 50 other Potomac Valley plants and a somewhat surreal H. ·corn. field of corn, tobacco, squash and other crops. Massive J. squash.

ACT-71.C 32 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3 13. The phrase in quotation marks in lines 37-38 most 17. In the passage, House says that recognizing the diver­ nearly means that the fields: sity of plants and of people is: A. had been well tended by the farmers who had A.，也e same kind of �hing. owned them. B. occasionally possible. B. are an important resource for the Navajo who use C; r缸ely desirable. them. D. a continual challenge. C. were permitted by House to revert to their natural condition. D. live on in House’s memory long after she sold 由em. 18. The neighbors mentioned in the passage are said to have reacted to House’s decisions about what should 14. The sixth paragraph (lines 56-63) primarily does grow in her backyard with: which of the followi1;1g regarding House’s work o且 the grounds of the National Museum of the American F. pra�se. Indian? G. curiosity. H.‘ indifference. F. Reveals flaws in her work J. disapproval. G. Lists influences on her work H. Describes the Paiute reaction to her work J. Portrays museumgoers’ reaction to her work

15. The main purpose of the seventh paragraph (lines 19. The arrangement of which of the following plants is 64-81) is to: used in the passage to symbolize the general orderli­ ness of the National Mall? A. depict House’s work with the Nature Conservancy. B. describe the habitat and features of the Kearney’s A. Water lilies blue star. B. Tulips C. illustrate the knowledge of ecosystems that tribal C. Cattails D. Buttercups 巳lders possess. D. discuss the role of federal botanists on Tohono 0’ odham lands.

16. Based on the passage, the federal botanists' claim in 20. The passage implies that the design of the National the l�te 1980s about the Kearney's blue star is best Museum of the American Indian building was intended described as: to: F. coηect; only recent efforts b)'. H。use and Francisco F. suggest that the building was a natural form have saved the plant from extinction. affected by the elements. G. correct; experts estimate也at as few as eight speci­ G. minimize the damage to the cliff from which the mens of the plant exist today. building was carved. H. inGorrect; for centuries, the Tohono 0 ’odham have H. use a wide variety of materials imported from the raised the plant. Northwest Territories. J. incorrect; numerous specimens of the plant still J. match the style and form of other buildings on the grow wild, as House and Francisco discovered. National Mall.

ACT-71C 33 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3 sewing machine. I knew that the part of their lives they Passage Ill liked most was here, with each other. Not at the supper 55 table or at work. My father used to be jealous of these HUMANITIES: This passage is adapted fromthe essay "South­ tete-a-tetes, and he had cause. ern Women" by Shirley Abbott (©1993 by Franklin Square Press). I was in love with my mother too. I hated her The South where I was born and raised was doing housework, could not bear the sight of her in an Arkansas, in a peaceable little resort town called Hot old dress and a pair of u laced oxfor�s, feeding soapy Springs. 60 !l parsnipsbedsheets at theinto s in比.the Bwutringer, one也ing scraping she had carrots 且cquired an ind My mother and the other women I knew as a child, town was the ability to be glamorous, to divorce her­ s just before World War II began, were farm women, one self, by means of paints and polish邸，from that other or two generations removedfrom the real pioneer days, world. I loved her glamorous aspect. gentled and domesticated by the time � came among them. But the marks were there. Their skin was leathery 65 On those rare afternoons when she did abandon from working outdoors. Some of the.se women were 巳 10 h r housework and go out, having brought her face to serene and some hot-tempered, and in either case they its state of daytime perfection, she would take up her brooked no transgressions of their notions of morality, car keys and shut the door on her immaculate house. and woe to anyone who spoke to these women with dis­ ’ She and I would set out for town together.’ We d go find respect. They were not innocent or submissive or deli­ 70 a parking plac巳 and go into Woolworth s for a spool of cately constituted, not afraid of balky cows or chicken ’ 15 thread and a nickel’ s worth of candy. Sometimes, to my hawks. It took them approximately two hours to trans­ desp且ir, she d bump into one of her thousands of form a l�ve roost巳r into Sunday dinner. They could cousins on the street and talk for half an hour. The reason with a mule and shoot a gun. But they also knew exoticism of the afternoon would vanish sooner than just 』ow to take hold of a baby and what to say to a 75 the bag of candy. weeping two-year-old. 20 Many years later, I stopped !o 听onder why a Urban’ spirit that I was, I had no more aptitude as a woman of her thoroughly practical inclinations would farmer s daughter than my father had as a farmer. I spend upw缸d of an hour pretty!ng up to go to the dime hated digging potatoes, and I hated gathering eggs. I store. She certainly was not trymg to attract a man. She 80 hated the smell of chicken houses-vinegary, sweet, was not doing it for Daddy, for by the timt?he got home rotten-despised the chickens, shrank from the finger- from work she’d be in a housedress again, perspiring 25 skinning work that went on seven days a week, indoors 缸 over the kitchen range. Nor was she competing with and out. I comforted myself wit the t�ought that I had, other women. She was doing it for fun, and for a mark after all, not been born for such indignities. of her separateness, and for a way of showing herself- 85 and me-that even so responsible a person as herself So回etime in the late 1960s feminists brought forth could do something that had no purpose to it. It was her the notion of sisterhood-of women “bonded” to 30 ” one real break with her past. Maybe she w且n�ed to let women. Sisterhood was going to be “powerful. But me know, in the most subtle way, that femininity was sisterhood was nothing new to me. It has been a zeal­ not merely the massive, serious, strenuous thing she ously guarded secret among Southern women for ye缸s. 90 usually made it seem to be, but occasionally a matter of Next to motherhood, sisterhood is what they value pleasing yourself. most, taking an endless pleasure in the daily, common- 35 place society of one another. 、 The most vivid memories of my childhood are long afternoons when my Aunt Vera would come to/our house with her daughter June. Sometim巳s the fo,ur of us would dress and get in the car and drive around Hot 40 Springs, b口ying thread and snaps at the dry－�oods store，“rattling up and down，”as my aunt called it, on 21. The passage can best be described as the author seek­ Central Avenue. Hearing what they said on the§e after­ ing a balance between: noons, I gradually realized that my mother and her A. her dislike for f�work, a respect for the women sister were not awed by men in the least, that t]i.ey pre” who performed it, and an awareness of how they 45 ferred each other’s company. influenced her notions of what femininity is. B. her attraction to urban life, her ’awareness of how I also realized that these two women had. unma­ it broke her-ties to her mother s generation, and tronly desires, usu�lly involving beautiful dre�，ses and her belief that time heals all wounds. travel, that otherwise went unmention巳d̍merely th巳 C. her childhood as she remembers it, as her mother circumsp巳ct fantasies of a �air of young housewives remembers it, and as it must in fact have been. 50 caught in the coils of the commonplace. And' yet the D. the life she envisioned for herself, the one her sharing of these fantasies made them laugh, gave them mother envisioned for her, and the one she is a secret life as they bent their dark heads over the living.

ACT-71C 34 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3 22. The author would most likely agree with which of the 27. !he author strongly implies t且at for her mother, break­ following descriptions of her mother? ing from the past was something: F. She grew to like farmwork, after years of feeling A. to experience rarely and be enriched and inspired confinedby it. . by. G. She was gradually worn down, both physically and B. to be avoided, as由e past is what defines the psychologically, by grueling farmwork. present. H. She was more than capable of managing the many C. she longed for but achieved only at the end of her demands that a life of farmwork placed on her. life. J. She want巳d a better life for her daughter than the D. she wanted for her daughter but not for herself. isolated life she lived as a farm woman. 23. It is most reasonable to infer that the description in lines 13一19 would apply to: 28. As it is used in the passage, _w坠ich word. conveys A. Aunt Vera. something with unpleasant associations forthe author? B. June. ’ F. Spirit (line 20) C. the author s father. G. Sweet (line 23) D. the author. Ii. Secret (line 32) J. Society (line 35) 24. How does the author characterize the outings that she and her mother would take in Hot Springs? F. Boring obligations, dutifully performed G. Cherished escapes, rich in signi负cance 29. According to the passage, when the author was young, H. Strained visits, mercifully brief the sight of her mother wearing an old dress and scrap­ J. Quiet drives, soothing to their spirits ing c缸rots and p缸snips at the sink had what effect on 「 25. In the passage, how does the author relate Southern 也e author? women to the feminists of the late 1960s? A.' It comforted her in that it was a familiar part of ev�ryd�y life. A. The sisterhood honored publicly ?Y feminists of It the late 1960s had long been practiced and valued B. inspired her to see the connection between her 但n mother and the person she imagined she herself ong Southern women. would become. B. Southern women valued motherhood while femi­ It it nists of the late 1960s valued sisterhood, creating C. upset her because suggested that her mother tension between the two groups. was caught in a restricted.lifeof endless drudgery. ’ D. It C. The Southern women s notion of sisterhood was prompted her to drop what she was doing and directly challenged by the feminists of the late help her mother, even though she hated the work. 1960s. D. The feminism of the late l 96。s was embraced among Southern women prim缸ily because of its emphasis on sisterhood. 30. According to the passage, what effect did running into her mother’s cousins on the shopping trips she took 26. The author concludes that her mother’s occasional with her mother have on the author? effortsat “prettying up to go to the dime store” （lines F. It ex.cited her to see people outside the world of 78一79) were intended in pa口to: farming. 飞 ＼ F. uphold an honor巳d practice from the past. G. It showed her how little interest her mother had in G. attract the attention of men. superficial socializing. H. compet巳 for the fun of it with the glamorous H. It ren�wed a connection she feltto people who had women m town. once lived on the farm. It JK J. demonstrate the worth of doing something with no J. drained �he ap_Pe且l out of moments the author ＼ apparent purpose. was otherwise enjoying.

’ J

ACT-71C 35 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3 versity of Hawaii at Manoa. The routine up-and-down Passage IV movements of the waves act as a giant loudspeaker, pushing the air at infrasonic frequencies. NATURAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from the article “Infrasonic Symphony” by Kate Ramsayer (©2004 by Science Service). Low-frequency sounds are also generated by one “ 55 of the most colorful displays in the sky, the northern Let me start offwith a riddle，”says NASA scien­ lights, which are caused by charged particles in the air. tist Allan J. '.?uckerwar. Ir: 副s office in Hampton, Va., This electricity heats atmospheric gases, and the he rattles offitems as dissimilar as rhinoceroses, super­ “ warmed gas molecules spread out and increase air sonic aircraft, and hurricanes. Now, what do they have pressure. 5 in common？” The answer, Zuckerwar explains, is that each one generates silent infrasound-long sound 60 “It pushes the neutral air forward, almost like the ’ 巳因 waves at a frequency below 20 · hertz. People can t hear bow wave ?ff a ship," �ays Olson. This air mov ent anyth,ing belovi.: that frequency’ , probably for good creates an infrasonic signal. The readings are visible reason. Otherwise, they d be bombarded by the con- during the beginnings of these magnetic storms, as由e 10 stant din of 听ind, the intermitte且t groaning of Earth, bri�ht, gree?ish lights sweep across the sky like a fl旧” and the occasional distant explosion. But scientists are 65 termg curtam. eavesdropping on volcanoes, avalanches, ’earthquakes, and meteorites to discernthese phenomena s infrasound While specialized microphones can pick up infra” signatures and see what new information infrasound sonic signals generated high in the atmosphere, they 15 might reveal. det巳ct more earthly rumbles, as well. For instance, Jeffrey B. Johnson of the Uni�er�ity of Hawaii at Just as seismic waves travel through Earth, infra­ 70 Manoa has placed microphones within a kilometer of a sonic waves travel through the air. And the lower the vent of the active Erebus volcano in Antarctica. The frequency of the waves, the farther they ·can travel sensors have recorded low-frequency’ signals so power­ without losing strength. Scientists first detected infra- ful that, were th�y audible, they d have a vol口me in 20 soun� in 1883, :when �e er日ption of the Krakatoa vol­ excess of 130 decibels一“somewhere between a jet由－ cano in Indonesia sent inaudible sound waves careening 75 plane and the threshold of pain，”says Johnson. Erebus around the world, affectingbarometri c readings. does produce some audible sound, but it’s not very loud, he says. Infrasonic research gained significant attention ’ and funding in the 1950s, when the United States and’ The infrasound radiating from the volcano s lava 25 the Soviet Union used infrasound to detect each other s lake is generated by也e rupture of 10-meter-wide, gas- atmospheric nuclear testing. Interest declined when BO filled bubbles, which pushes huge infrasound waves aboveground bomb testing was banned in 1963 as part into the atmosphere. Johnson can use "infrasound read­ of the Limited Test Ban Treaty. ings to estimate the size of the lava 1?ubbles within Erebus and the amount of gas they contain. But lately, scientists have turned back to 30 infrasound. “Infrasound is a powerful tool to understand more 85 about explosions and eruption sources," says Johnson. Infrasound interpretation is a young science. “It all。ws us to directly quantify what’s going on at a Acousticians and geophysicists are still learning what volcanic vent.” phenomena generate infrasound signatures and how to match signatures with phenomena. Whether infrasound is used for commercial purposes, to learn more about natural phenomena, or 35 For example, John V. Olson of the University of 90 simply to listen for something that nobody wants to Alaska in Fairbanks recalls one morning last April hear: it is entering what those in the field call a when a colleague rushed into his office arid asked renaissance. Geophysicists and acousticians are sorting whether he ha_d heard an explosion the ni�ht before. through, categorizing, and studying a wide range of The two scientists found a large pulse on the infrasound inaudible noise. 40 record from the nuclear-test monitoring statio且 that the university operates and traced it to a nearby firing range. The next day, the local paper reported that a citi­ zen had fou早d a· bundle of dynamite, which police exploded at也e range. 45 “So, we take [the si�nal] out of th巳 ‘little gr�en men’ file and say, 'This is what dynamite lo0ks like from5 miles away，”’says Olson.“Slowly, daily,_ we sift and sort through these signals.” Ocean storms and waves are two of the big genera- 50 tors of infrasound, says Milton A. Garc臼of the Uni-

ACT-71C 36 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3 31. The main idea of the passage is that: 36. The passage indicates that all of the following con­ A. understanding the infrasonic frequency of the tribute to creating the northern lights' infrasonic northern lights can help scientists track magnetic sounds EXCEPT: storms m space. F. ; warmedgas molecules spreading out. B. scientists expect that recently developed methods G. air pressure increasing. of measurin& infrasound will be useful primarily 日. electricity heating atmospheric gases. for commercial purpos巳s. J, greenish lights fading to yellow. C. identifying new sources of infrasound has led sci­ entists to conclude that earlier definitions of infra­ sound were inaccurate. D. scientists have recently begun focusing more 37. A�coi:ding to the passage, how does infrasound help attention and resources on expanding on earlier sc:ientistsunderstand volcanoes? infrasound research. A. Infrasonic activity. origi�ating from tremors at the ’ . base of a volcano provides an indication of lava 32. The passage s mention of scientists' attempts to “dis­ ’ ” activity within. cern these phenomena s infrasound signatures （lines B. I丑frasound readings help scienti喜ts estimate the 13-14) most nearly refers to their attempts to: size of lava bubbles within a volcano and collect F. understand the effects of making infrasound audi­ data about volcanic vent activity. ble to humans. C. K口ow�ng the freq1;1ency of infrasonic waves helps G. cat�gorize different types of infrasound detection scientists determine the history of a volcano’s devices. erupt10n patterns. H. determine identifying characteristics of the infra­ D. J?etails gathered about infrasound 巳an help scie且－ sound various phenomena produce. tlsts better understand the composition of volcanic J. label infrasoundphenomena with the n创nes of the matter. scientists who discovered them. 33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the pas­ sage as so血ething that has indicated to scientists the 38. 人cco�ding to the passage, the fact也就infrasound is presence of infrasound activity? inaudible. to the human ear is: A. Barometers F. fortunate; the intermittent groaning of Earth would B. Specialized microphones interfere with radio frequencies. C. Nuclear-test monitoring equipment in Alaska G. fortunate; the additional noise of infrasound activ­ D. Loudspeakers used by scientists at the University ity would be overwhelming to humans. of Hawaii at Manoa H. unfortunate; hearing infrasoundwould be useful to humans in their daily lives. 34. Allan J. Zuckerwar’s riddle (lines 1-5) is based mainly J. unfortunate; the constant din of infrasound would on the unstated assumption that most people: prevent people fromeavesdropping. F. won’ t immediately see what rhinoceroses, super­ sonic aircraft, and hurricanes have in common. G. will find it humorous that a rhinoceros could gen­ erate more infrasoundthan a supersonic aircraft. 39. The passage indic且tes that the distanc: i!lf�asonic H. already know that supersonic aircraft and hurri­ waves can travel without losing strength is in inverse canes 缸e sources of in企asound. proportion to the: J. won’t realize that sounds below 20 hertz are A. size of the waves’ source. inaudible to humans. B. depth of water .over which the waves travel. C. 企equency of the waves. 35. Within the passage, the sixth and seventh paragraphs D. electricity in the atmospheric gases. (lines 35-48) primarily serve to: A. provide an example of how scientists correlate infrasonicdata with particular phenomena. B. indicate that one practical application of infrasonic 40. According to the passage, which ?f也e f。llowing was identificationis preventing explosions. 也e source of the earliest detected infrasonic waves? C. illustrate how infrasound can be used in nuclear­ F. A hurricane test momtonng. .G. The northern lights D. explain the disagreements among scientists in H. cA nuclear test interpreting infrasonic data. J. A volcano

END OFTEST3 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO·NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST.

ACT-71C 37 4 SCIENCE TEST 35 Minutes －…－40Questions

DIRECTIONS: There are seven passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. After,­ reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessa『y. You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on .this test.

Passage I ←可 d －m 中 Deicers (mixtures of salt and water that are used on M‘ ρqαmN roads to melt ice) can over time cause concrete pavement 工十一臼 句，但 to deteriorate. ll LM 臼 rhL Two studies exam,ined how 4 different deicers affected 、‘，J 叶，“ the length, mass, and compressive streng出（C�） of ident!­ cal cylinders made of hardened concrete. (CS is the maxi刷 mum lengthwise pressure that can be applied to the ends of a cylinder without crushing it.) Each deicer was 15% by ° mass of Ca(OH)2, NaCl, MgC12, or CaC12 kept at 4 C.

100 200 300 400. 500 600 submersion t如1e (days)

Figure 1

Key deicer Study 1 ”…·”… Five of the cylindei;s were submerged in 4 L oLthe MgC12 -a- CaC12 Ca(OH) deicer. Every 25 days over the next 600 days, th巳 2 · ……NaCl following was done:- , _ E咱一 Ca(OH)2 1. The 5 cylinders were removed from the deicer and 球 0.4 「了÷丁 ! ! wiped dry.

ACT·71C 38 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 2. Which of the following diagrams best shows how pres­ Study 2 su.re was applied to a cylinder to determine its CS ? Sixty more of the cylinders were submerged in 20 L of F. H. the Ca(Of!)z deicer. Every 50 days over the next 600 days, the following was done: 1. Five cylinders were removed from the deicer and wiped dry.

2. Each �ylinder ’s CS, in mt·gapascals (MPa), was G. J. det巳rmined.

3. The average CS was calculated for the 5 cylinders.

All of the above procedures were repeated for the other deicers. Finally, the CS of 5 mor巳 of the cylinders-cylin­ ders that had not been submerged in any deicer-was determined, and their average CS was calculated (see Figure 3). 3. The chang巳 in the mass of t1;e cylinders was caused by the absorption of the deicer into the concrete. Based on Figure 2, the cylinders submerged in which deicer had K ey absorbed, on average, the greatest mass of deicer at deicer 250 days?

”．．．．”… MgC12 A. MgC12 －唱一 CaCl2 B. CaC12 ．．．．”NaCl C. NaCl －－＜ 」 Ca(OH)2 D. Ca(OH)z 64.0

宣纠.of；一马卒丰半仨仨拦问二 4. Based on the information provided, how many grams of solid NaCl would have had to be dissolved in water 斜o to prepare 1,000 grams of the NaCl deicer? 5 t--－ 气笃斗 F. 15 g � 34.0生庐… 斗斗 巴 甲i ; ...咱比、、！ ; 手卒ι且斗－; ; ; : G. 30 g H. 150 g ．”；咀…－ ：、丁：丁丁 ，比 言 纠 鼻 .ol ； +二： l t .- … J. 300 g j i j i l: ...t .... ·-t ？…f-....叫 14.0 i i 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 submersion由回（曲”） 5. In the studies, it is most likely that the cylinders were 吕ubmerged in deicers at 4 °C because 也at temperature Figure 3 1s: A. the freez!ng point of all 4 deicers. Figures adapted from Lawrence Sutter et al., "The Deleterious B. the freezingpoint of water. Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland c. a typical summer temperature in areas where Cement Concrete，”South Dakota Department of Transportation deicers 缸e used. Study SD2002-01. 2008. D. a typical winter tempera阳re in areas where deicers JSZ俨pftk如『‘，flit‘tt4EohtEU如la－－F are used.

6. For pavement made of the same concrete as the cylin­ ders, the minimum CS that is required to maintain a 1. According to Figure 1, for any submersion time after smooth, uncracked road surfac巳 is 25 MPa. Based on 0 days, what is the order of the 4 deicers, from the t』e results of �tudy 2, wh!ch d�icer(s) could n_iost 、 deicer that produced the greatest average percent likely be kept in contact with this concrete continu­ IJedth change in cylinder Ieng也 to the deicer that produced ously for 600 days without lowering the average CS of

I the least average percent change in cylinder length? the concrete below 25 MPa ?

A. MgCl2, CaC12, NaCl, Ca(OH)2 。E NaCl only B.孔l[gC12, NaCl, CaC12, Ca(OH)2 G. MgC12 and CaC12 only C; Ca(OH)z, NaCl, CaC12, MgC12 H. MgC12, NaCl, and Ca(OH)2 only D. Ca(OH)2, NaCl, MgC12, CaC12 J. CaC12, NaCl, and Ca(OH)2 only

ACT-71C 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4

Passage I! 1,000 _i 900 When th巳 nucleus of an atom of a radioactive isotop巳 undergoes certain types of decay, the atom transforms into 800 ’ an atom of a diffㇳrent isotope. An isotop巴 s half-life is也e 700 time it tak巳s for half of any given number of its nuclei to ’ 600 decay. An isotop巴 s ，λ，depends on the isq­ ’ decay constant tope s rate of decay. Tabl巳 1 giv巳S the value of λ(in yr-1) - 50。 巳 for 8 isotopes of differ nt elements. 也 400 300 Table 1 200 100 Element Isotope λ（yr-I) 。 Nickel Ni-63 0.0069 6 io ,io 6·o s·o 100 120 140 160 1so 200 Titanium Ti-44 0.010 time (days) Strontium Sr-90 0.024 gen H-3 0.056 ri1t� Figure 2 S-35 2.9 Iron Fe-59 5.7 Phosphorus P-32 18 Iodine I-131 32

Figures 1 and 2 show, for each of 6 of the isotopes listed in Table 1, the chang巳 over time in the number of the 7. The data in Figure 2 for time= 140 days are best nuclei remaining，坷，in a sample initially containing 1,000 shown by which of the following graphs? of the nuclei. A. 400 C. 400 ··．．．㬎．．……··．．．． ……．．……．．．．．．． (Note: In Figur巳 l, the unit of time is in Figure 2, years; ………··．．．．．．．．． …．．．．……·．．．．．．． the unit of time is days.) ·寻 300 ，奋 300 。 …··．，．……·．．．．． 。 ··�………·．．．．．．．．． …·－··············· …··．．．．．…．．．．．．．． 1,000 －‘军200 军200,...... j -----··············· ，，．．．．．．．．．司…．．．．．．， 】回 900 －...目 ………··．．．．．．．．． ……··．．．．．．．．咽，．．． 100 100 800 丐 ………．··．．，．．，，． 可 ……·．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 700 。 'v e, 。 600 :i, 净 °' 吧3φ η；3 � 守 、 �，’如 % . � 500 ’ 400 B. 400 D. 400 ··，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． …………··．．．．．．．．．．．．． 300 …··．．㬌．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．‘……··．．．·． 寻 300 寻 300 200 ’叼 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 。 ……………·．·．．． ...……………… …a ……………····· 100 寺200守··‘ ♀F叫 200 • …..…····－－－····· ……．．…．．．『『…·· ‘... 由 0 …...... 1司 …．． 100 100 ·． 6 io 40 60 s·o 100 120 140 160 1so 200 可 …. ..……．．． 可 time(yr ) 。 n 。 P 命 U ；命 3 龟’ 。， s’中 气。； 与。； Figure 1 舍 号

ACT-71C 40 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 8. According to Figure 2, for which isotope, S-35 or 10. According to Figur巳 1, the half-life of Sr-90 is ？”32, will the average rat巳of decay be greater over the approximately: first 200 days? F. 30 yr. F. S-35, b巳cause at any give丑time after zero, S-35 G气， 90 y卫 will have the lower Nt. H: 160 yr. G. S-35, because at any given time after zero, S-35 J. 200 yr. will have th巳 higher Nt· H. P-32, because at any given time aft巳r zer飞？”32 will have the lower NI' J. P-32, because at any given time after zero, P-32 will have the higher Nt.

9. Based on Table 1 and Figure 1, if a sample initially 11. Based on Figure 2, if a sample contained 20 th7 tJCtv-w•-S, contains 1,000 Ti-44 atoms, the number of Ti-44 atoms of Fe-59 at tim巳＝ 0, at approximately wnat t1ine w!ih in the sample 20 yr lat巳r will most h二kely be: thιNt of-the sample be 400? A. less than 300. A. 40 days B. between 300 and 600. B. 60 days C. between 600 and 900. C. 80 days D. greater than 900. D. 100 days

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 ACT-710 41 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 on ny Passage Ill oO Transferri硬.is a blood protein. When in the presence UA 忡 of ir9n ions (Fe ）， each transferrin molecule will bin� with 以nunuan队队。 jr 呵 2 Fe�飞 Iron chelators 缸e used to remove excess iron in the 3+ blood because they can bind with and thereby remove Fe oq from transferrin. 85号。旦回

3+ J Transferrin bound to Fe strongly absorbs light at a 听avelength of 466 且anometers (nm), but 1;1nbound transfer­ A4· rin and unbound Feଇ宁 do not. Three experiments were done 句 using a colorimeter (a device that measures a so!1:1tion’s 3 absorbartce of"light) to study the removal of Fe" ... from tin Lt 呵 transferrin by iron chelators.

u － nu 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 time (sec)

Experiment 1 Figure 1 Seven solutions (Solutions 1-7) were made, all with an initial unbound transferrin concentration of Figure 1 adapted from Isabelle Turcot et al.，“Fast Biological Iron �00.0 micromoles p巳r liter (µM), but each with 且 different Chelators: Kinetics of Iron Removal from Human Diferric Transfer­ initial unbound Fe忖 concentration. The solutions were rin by Multidentate Hydroxypyrodonates.”©2000 by Society of Bio­ ° logical Inorganic Chemistry. incubated at 37 C for 30 min. A test tube containing a sample of Solution 1 was placed in the colorimeter. The colorimeter was adjusted such that the absorbance reading measured at 466 nm for Solution 1 at 37°C was 0.00. The absorbance at 466 nm of each of Solutions 2一7 at 37。C was Experiment 3 then measured (see Table 1). The deferiprone trial in Experiment 2 was repeated twice, except that one trial was carried out at 25°C and the other trial was carried out at 32 。C (see Figure 2).

nunuaan队队队nunu QJOO Table 1

Initia � 3 + unbound e 㬍 concentration Solution (µM) Absorbance 4U ωωHM帽AL间。mAa 1 0.0 0.0 ”、J � 2 50.0 0.3 3 100.0 0.64 A『 4 150.0 0.76 句3呵，，“ 5 200.0 0.80 、飞 6 250.0 0.80 7 300.0 0.80 41nu

’nu 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 time (sec)

Experiment 2 :· Figure 2 For each of 4 trials, 0.0010 mL of solution that con­ Figure 2 adapted from Erin E. Battin et al., "Using Proteins in a tained 10 millimoles of 1 of 4 iron chelators was added to Bioinorganic Laboratory Experiment: Iron Loading and Removal 3 mL of Solution 5. The absorbance at 466 nm was then from Transferrin.＇’©2009 by Division of Chemical Education, Inc., monitored at 37。C over也e next 4,000 sec (see Figure 1). AmericanChemical Society.

ACT-71C 42 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 12. When a colorimeter is used, a solution called a blank is 15. Based on the results of Experiments 2 and 3, the first plac巳d in the colorimeter �o esta�lish a baseline average rate of change in the absorbance during the value against which other solutions will be measured. TREN-HOPO trial was closest to that observed during Which of the solutions served as the blank? the trial with what other· iron chelator and at what F. Solution 1 temperature? G. Solution 3 A. TRENCAM at 25。C H. Solution 5 B. TRENCAM at 37。C J. Solution 7 C Deferiprone at 25 。C D. Deferiproneat 32。c 16. Suppose that in Experiment l, 10 mL of Solution 2 had 13. In each trial of Experiments 2 and 3, how often was an been mixed with 10 rnL of Solution 4 after the solu­ tions were incubated. If由e absorban巳Y. of a sample, of absorbance measurement recorded? the resulting solution had been measured at 37。C, it A. Every 10 sec would most likely have been closest to which of the B. Every 50 sec following? C. Every 100 sec 且0.35 D. Every 500 sec G. 0.64 H. 0.76 J. 0.80 14. Based on the experi即ents, as the concentration of Fe3+ 17. Based on the description of Experiment 1 and of a col­ bound to transferrin in a solution decreases, the orirneter, the material making up the test tube that was absorbance: placed in the coloririlet(?r most likely: F. increases only. A. absorbed little or no light at 466 nm. G. decreases only. B. s位ongly absorbed lig坠t at 466 nm. H. varies, but with no general trend. C. reflectedall light that was less than 466 nm. J. remains constant. D. reflected all ·light that was greater than 466 nm.

ACT-71C 43 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE‘ 4 iesEx Passage IV Study 2 With the aluminum coil, the students heated ethylene In 2 studies, students recorded the temperature I glycol for 10 min at each of the values of selected in ikjo changes that occurre� in different liquids when the liquids Study 1. For each value of I, they computed !l.T. They did －－ were heated for 10 min each by various metal coils thro吨gh I, likewise with vegetable oil, substituting it for the ethylene which selected amounts of electrical current, flowed. glycol. Plots of !l.Tversus I forwater （企om Figure 1), the ethylene glycol, and the vegetable oil are shown in For each trial in the studies, the students carried out Figure 2. t』e following procedure: Fi�st, t1!;ey po口red 400 mL of a liquid into an insulated container fitted with a thermometer and a metal coil and sealed the container (see. diagram). Key ...,._water --o- ethylen巳 glycol －。一 vegetable oil insulation liquid 40 metal coil wire ,__30 u

&,. 20 司 an立丑eter magnetic st町er power supply 10 diagram of apparatus 。 With the liquid, the container, and the coil at room temper­ 。 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 。 ature, 25 C, the students began to stir the liquid with a /(A) magnetic stirrer. Next, they adjusted the voltage across the ends of the coil until I reached the desired value, in amps (A). For the next 10 min, they continued to stir the Figure 2 liquid. After 10 min of heating, they recorded T, the liquid’s temperature, in 。C, and computed !l.T, the differ­ T ’ ence。 between and the liquid s initial temperature of 25 C. Study 1 The students computed water ’s 11 T after 10 min of heating at each of several selected values of /, first with a copper coil, then with an aluminum coil, and finally with a tungsten coil. Plots of water’s !l.T versus I for each metal coir are shown in Figure l. h

十十十 础 叫 18. According to the results of the studies, for a given coil and a .¥iven liquid, as the current that passed也rough the coil was increased, 11T: 40 F. increased only. 30 G. decreased only. H. varied, but with no general trend. u J. remained the sam巳． 20 t lowest 司 19. Based on the results of the studies, to obtain the !l.Tafter 10 min of heating at a given I using由e appa­ 311ill 10 ratus diagrammed in the passage, the students should select which liquid and which metal coil?

。 ABCD国豆豆 旦坠旦旦 2·SEt 0.5 2.0 3.0 .‘ 3.5 。 1.0 1.5 2.5 water . copper －－ /(A) water aluminum ethylene glycol tungsten sBEta Figure 1 vegetable oil aluminum － zieEliz·iL ACT-71C GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 44 －－ 4 20. The students stirred each liquid for which of the fol­ 22. -Based on the results of Study 2, when vegetable oil lowing reasons? was heated with I= 1.5 A, T at the end of 10 min was F. To provide additional heat to the liquid closest to which of the following? G. To ensure that the temperature was uniform F. 30。c throughout theliquid G. 35。C 。 H. To preve1;1,t也e liquid丘om settling to the bottom of IJ:. 40 C the container J. 45 。c J. To prevent由e liquid from contacting the metal coil

21. Suppose that, in S皿dy l, the students had also tested a coil made of a four也metal, Metal X, at/= 1.5 A, and determined由at after 10min of heating, f:.T was 6°C. Based on Fi¥ure 1, if the students had next tested the 23. Suppose that, in a new study, the tungsten coil with Metal X co丑at I= 2.0 A, /J.T after 10 min of heating I= 2.0 A is used to heat 200 mL of water. After the would mostlikel｝�have been: water is heated for 10 min, f:.Twill most likely be: A. less也缸5'"C. A. less也an 5°C. ° ° 。 。 B. betw四n5 C 祖d7 C. B. between 5 C and 10 C. C. between 7"'C皿d 15°C. C. between 10。C and 15。C. D. greater也扭lS'"C. D. greater than 15。C.

ACT·71C 45 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 Passage V Hypothesis 4 Botulin is absorbed from the synaptic cleft by the Introduction muscle fiber. �otuli':1 then binds to and breaks down A s.keletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ;' see the myosin, a protein也at is an essential component of the con­ figure)is composed of a synaptic terminal (a t_ip of an axon tractile apparatus of a muscle fiber. As a result of this of a neuron), a motor end plate (a depression in the plasma breakdown, the muscle fiber cannot contract. membrane of a muscle fiber), and a synaptic cleft (the region between these 2 structures). The synaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles: structures that contain the neu­ rotran�mitter acetylcholine (ACh). When the neuron fires, synaptic vesicles fuse with the neuron’s plasma membrane and release ACh into由e synaptic cleft. ACh then diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors (mem­ brane proteins produced by the muscle fiber) in the motor end plate. If 出is binding does not occur, the muscle fiber cannot contract.

24. Both Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 4 indicate that, in the human body, botulin is: F. absorbedby a human cell. G. synthesized by a human cell. ACh H. destroyed befor巳 it leaves the �loo?strearn. receptor J. excreted before it enters the digestive tract. 25. Which of也巳following statements best characterizes ACh as it is described in the introduction? A. It is a hormone because 1t carries information from 干 a muscle fiber to a synaptic terminal. synaptic 口1otor B. It is a hormone because it carries information from terminal end plate 年synaptic terminal to a muscle fiber. C. It is a neurotransmitter because it carries informa­ If a person ingests botulin (a toxin), it enters the tion from a muscle fiber to a synaptic terminal. bloodstream, diffuses into NMJ synaptic clefts, and dis­ D. It is a neurotransmitter because it carries informa­ rupts the contraction of the muscle fibers associated with tion from a synaptic terminal to a muscle fiber. these NMJs. Four hypotheses propose mechanisms for the disruption of function at ail NMJ. 26. An aceηlcholinesterase is a molecule that binds to and breaks down AC』. Which hypot缸esis indicates that botulin functions like an acetylcholinesterase? Hypothesis 1 Botulin is absorbed from the synaptic cleft by the F. Hypothesis 1 synaptic terminal. Botulin then binds to and breaks down G. Hypothesis 2 ’ H. Hypothesis 3 the neuron s docking protei1:s (proteins required f�＿r the fusion of synaptic vesicles_ with the neuron’s plasma mem­ J. Hypothesis 4 brane). Because the vesicles cannot fuse with'-the plasma 27. In which of the following ways do Hypotheses 3 and 4 membrane, they cannot release ACh into the synaptic cleft. differ with regard to how botulin disrupts muscle con­ Thus, ACh �oes not bind to the ACh receptors. Therefore, the muscle fibercannot contract. traction? Hypothesis 3 asserts that botulin: A. breaks down a protein that partially composes the plasma membrane of a neuron; Hypothesis 4 Hypothesis 2 asserts that botulin blocks ACh binding sites. Botulin remains in the synaptic cleft, where it binds to B. breaks down a protein that partially composes the and breaks down ACh before the ACh can diffuse_across contractile apparatus of a muscle fiber; Hypoth­ the synaptic cleft and bind to the ACh receptors. Therefore, esis 4 asserts that botulin blocks ACh binding the muscle fiber cannot contract. \ sites. C. blocks ACh binding sites; Hypo�hesis 4 as�erts that botulin breaks down a protein that partially Hypothesis 3 composes the plasma membrane of a neuron. Botulin remains in the synaptic cleft, where it-binds to D. blocks ACh binding sites; Hypothesis 4 asserts ！ and irreversibly blocks the ACh receptors. As a result, ACh that botulin breaks down a protein that partially ili cannot bind to the ACh receptors. Therefore，’the muscle composes the contractile apparatus of a muscle fibercannot contract. fiber. ijii－－

ACT-71C 46 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 28. In which of the following ways does Hypothesis 1 30. Which hypothesis would be best supported by the find­ differ from the other 3 hypotheses with regard to the ing that botulin has a high affinity for the ACh recep­ location in the body where botulin is likely to be found tors in a motor end plate? after it is consumed? Only Hypothesis 1 asserts that F. ,,Hypothesis 1 botulin enters: G. Hypothesis 2 F. NMJs. H. Hypothesis 3 G. neurons. J. Hypothesis 4 H. the bloodstream. J. muscle fibers.

29. 人ccording to Hypotheses 3 and 4, w�ch of the follc_:iw­ ing statements best describes a step in the mechanism that results in the disruption of function at an NMJ by botulin?

A. Botulin binds to a protein that is p缸t of a muscle fiber. B. Botulin binds to a protein也at is part of a neuron. C. Botulin synthesizes a type of protein that is also synthesized by a muscle fiber. D. Botulin synthesizes a type of protein that is also synthesized by a neuron.

ACT-71C 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 4 Passage VI 31. Based on Table 2, in which population would the num­ ber of people with the genotype TT and·the number of Tasters are people who can taste Chemical P. Non­ people with the genotype ttbe closest to the same? tasters are people who cannot taste Chemical P. The ability . A. Population 1 to taste Chemical P is determi吕ed by Gene T, whi巳h has B. Population 2 2 alleles: T and t. In a population that is not evolving̍a C. Population 3 population in Hardy－阶inberg equilibrium (HWE)-the D. Population 4 frequency of allele is p and the frequency of allele is q. Table 1 shows the TGene T genotype(s) of tasters andt of nontasters and the expression that predicts the frequency of 32. The frequency of nontasters is greatest in which each genotype in a population in HWE. Table 2 shows p, q, population? and the frequency of each Gene T genotype for 4 popula” tions in HWE. F. Population 1 G. Population 2 H. Population 3 Table 1 J. Population 4

Phenotype Genotype Frequency 33. A student concluded也at for Population 3, p is greater 2 than Is this conclusion consistent with Table 2 ? Taster TT p q. A. Yes; p = 0.8 and q = 0.64. Taster Tt 2pq B. Yes; = 0.8 and = 0.2. 2 p q Nontaster tt q C. No; p = 0.8 and q = 0.8. D. No; p = 0.8 and q = 0.9.

34. For Population 2, what lS the frequency of the Table 2 genotype TT ? F. 0.16 Frequency of: G. 0.4 H. 0.6 Population TT tt p q Tt J. 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.50 0.25 2 0.4 0.6 N.P. 0.48 0.36 3 0.8 N.P. 0.64 0.32 0.04 35. People that are heterozygous for Gene T are most 4 N卫 N.P. 0.09 0.42 0.49 common in the population for which p is: A .. greater than q. ；’ Note: N卫indicates that the value has not B. less than fi q. t been provided. C. equal to q. D. not provided. ；i－－ tfifti －ir－－ 、．，． C lir－

－－ ii ACT-71C 48 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

䔱 ̍ 、～、 一｝／户一 4 Passage VII 36. Based on Figure 1, for each liquid, as object density increased,’ the fraction of the object extending above When an object floats in a liquid! a fraction of the the liquid s surface: object extends above the surface of the liquid. F. increased only. G. decreased only. Seven objects with different densities were placed in H. varied, but with no general 位end. containers of 4 different liquids. Table 1 lists the obje写ts J. remained the same. and their densities, in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm勺， at 15°C.

Table 1 37. Based on Table 1 and Figure 1, the fraction of Object 6 extending above the surface of the crude oil was clos­ est to which of the following values? 0均ect A. 0.10 ���：� B. 0.20 1 0.100 c. 0.30 2 0.200 D. 0.40 3 0.300 4 0.400 5 0.500 6 0.600 38. A material composing a cube has a density of 7 0.700 0.200 g/cm" at 15 °C. Each sid巳 of the cube is 10 cm long. The cube floats in a container of w得er. Based on volume Table 2 lists the 4 liquids and也eir densities, in g/cm气at Figure 1, what of the cube, in cm气will extend 15。C. above the surface of the water? F. 200 cm3 G. 600 cm3 Table 2 H. 800 cm3 J. 1,000 cm3 Liquid ���：�� Crude oil 0.87 3 Gasoline 0.74 39. Suppose an object with a density of 0.99 g/cm floats in a container of water, and both the object and the Mercury 13.6 ° water are at 15 C. If the temperatures of both the Water 0.99 。 object and the water are raised to 90 C, and if the o时ect neither expands nor contracts with the change in Figure 1 shows, for each liquid, a graph’ of the fraction of temperature, will the object more likely sink or remain each object’ extending al!ove the liquid s surface versus the afloat? object s density，，坦g/cm". A. Sink, because the water will become more dense than the object. B. Sink, because the water will become less dense than t坠e o时ect. 1-生 C. Remain afloat, because the water will become I �：： more dense than the object. f D. Remain afloat, because the water will become less dense than the object.

… iif�f�� 40. What is the meaning of the value for the density of 矿 0《式♂j♂。伊、萨c今巳♂♂、φ mercury也at is given in Table 2 ? F. One g of mercury has a volume of 13.6 c;_m3. 。均ect density {g/cm号 G. One g of mercury has a mass of 13.6 cm". H. One cm: of mercury has a volume of 13.6 g. J. One cm" of mercury has a mass of 13.6 g.

END OFTEST4 STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST.

ACT-71C 49 Form 18L ACT Wri�ing Test Prompt (June 2013)

Educators debate whether high school students should have _an active role in classroom instruction, such as selecting some course materials and leading some class discussions. Some educators support giving students an active role in classroom instruction because they think doing so would increase students' interest in their classes. Other educators do not support giving students an active role in classroom instruction because they think -students would not learnas Il).Ucbfrom their peers as they would from a teacher. In your opinion, should high school students have an active role in classroom instruction?

In your essay, take a position on this question. You may write about either one of the two points of view given, or you may 4t present a different point of view on this question. Use specific ili reasons and examples to support your position. －－

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