Keyboard Images Unshifted State Shift State Altgr State (Right Alt Key Or

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Unshifted State

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AltGr State (Right Alt key or Ctrl+Alt)

Shift+AltGr State

Keyboard version 1.4 Manual version 1.5

Prepared by Vincent M. Setterholm, Logos Research Systems, Inc.

 Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2007, 2010

Installation The Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard is designed for Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 operating systems. Though not tested for Windows NT 4.0, this keyboard may function in that environment as well. The Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard should work with any Unicode compliant Greek font, though certain fonts may be missing certain characters.

Windows 7 / 1. Run the kbdlbgr\setup.exe file. On Windows Vista, no Windows Vista: additional set-up is required, unless you have a previous Greek keyboard installed at the Greek (Greece) locale, in which case you may wish to remove the old keyboard in the Clock, Region and Language Options dialog of the Control Panel. Windows XP: 1. Log in as an Administrator.

2. Run keyboard installer. The keyboard is installed by running the kbdlbgr\setup.exe file. (You can verify if the keyboard is already installed by going to the Control Panel | Add or Remove Programs and looking for 'Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard' on your list of installed programs.)

3. Modify language input settings. The newly installed Keyboard must be associated with the Greek input locale. Go to Control Panel | Regional and Language Options | click the Languages tab | and click the Details box. In the Installed Services pane, check to see if Greek is installed. If Greek is currently installed, look at the keyboard it is mapped to. If Greek is already mapped to Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard, then your association is already installed. All other users click the Add button | select Greek from the Input Language drop- down | check the Keyboard layout/IME box (this may be checked automatically) | choose Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard from the drop-down list | click OK | click Apply | click OK | click Apply.

Windows 2000: 1. Log in as an Administrator.

3. Install support files for Greek. Go to Control Panel | Regional and Language Options and under the General tab, in the Language Settings for the System box, check Greek if it is not already checked, and click Apply. You may be prompted to reboot the system.

Hot Keys: Windows 7, Vista, XP and 2000 support the LeftAlt+Shift hot key to switch through a list of input locales. You may reassign this hot key, or assign custom hot keys for switching directly to Greek (or any other input locale) in the Region and Language Options of the Control Panel; Consult your operating system documentation for assistance.

Uninstallation Because Microsoft is fairly protective of regional and language settings, if you need to install a newer version of this keyboard, you may need to manually uninstall the old version - future installers may not be able to upgrade your current set-up. Uninstallation procedures are as follows:

1. Close all applications that might be using the Greek input locale.

2. In your Regional Options, remove the Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard from the association with the Greek Input Locale. (See step 3 in the installation instructions for your operating system for the location of this dialog.)

3. Go to Control Panel | Add or Remove Programs | click on Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard | and click Remove.

Alphabet The main design goal of the Logos Biblical Greek Keyboard is to facilitate easy input of Biblical Greek on a QWERTY keyboard by placing Greek characters on their most logical English phonetic equivalents. Because there is no one-to-one equivalency across the alphabets, there will be some letters that are placed on QWERTY keys based on similarity in glyph shapes and a few placements that are more or less arbitrary. A phonetic relationship between English and Greek has always been preserved where possible – similar shapes are never matched when a better phonetic option is available. For example, the xsi is placed on x, its closest phonetic equivalent, rather than reserving x for chi, which looks like an x. Chi is placed on the letter c, because in English, the letter c can be a hard sound similar to k, making it a logical phonetic placement (k being already used by kappa). However, since there are two ‘e’ class vowels in Greek, the epsilon and the eta, the eta is assigned to h, since the capital form of that letter looks much like a capital H. The following table shows how letters with similar sounds have been assigned:

Assignment based on: Greek Letter phonetics glyph arbitrary epsilon e eta h tau t theta q kappa k chi c xsi x omicron o omega w pi p phi f psi y upsilon u sigma s final sigma v

Breathing For breathing marks and accents, an attempt was made to find a marks visually similar key to encode the mark on. The rough and smooth breathing marks are placed on the [ and ] keys, with the direction of the bracket corresponding to the shape of the breathing mark. Thus the rough breathing mark is encoded with ‘[’ , and the smooth breathing mark is encoded by ‘]’.

Accents To make the accent assignments easy to remember, the upwards slanting acute accent has been assigned to the forward slash key, ‘/’. The downward sloping grave accent has been assigned to the backslash key, ‘\’. The circumflex accent often looks like a tilde in many Greek hands, so it has been assigned to the tilde. However, for ease of entry, the circumflex has also been assigned to the equal sign ‘=’, so that this common accent can be entered without the use of the shift key. Iota subscript The iota subscript is located on j. (Assigned so for the historical and other relationship between i and j, and because of the close proximity diacritical between the letters on the keyboard.) marks The diaeresis mark is placed on the reverse prime key, ‘`’. The breve and the macron are sometimes used to encode whether a vowel is short or long. These are not common characters in biblical literature, so the assignments are rather arbitrary, but easily reachable on the shift state. The Exclamation mark, ! (Shift+1) encodes a macron and the @ (Shift+2) symbol encodes a breve. A combining overline is often used in manuscripts to indicate some form of abbreviation. Many otherwise excellent Greek fonts do not support this character, but the keyboard encodes it with the plus ‘+’ key, (Shift+=).

On the ordering There is a proper order for encoding marks in polytonic Greek. of marks Marks are encoded from inside to outside and from left to right. Thus a dieresis mark should be entered before a circumflex, because the circumflex is positioned on top (or outside) the diaeresis mark. A breathing mark is encoded before any accent, because they appear beneath a circumflex and to the left of an acute or a grave. Marks only clash when they exist in the same plane, so an iota subscript should never clash with an acute accent, because one is below the letter and the other above, so in this case, the keying order doesn’t matter. Some Greek keyboards have keys assigned for encoding the various combinations of marks possible, so that the order is always correct. However, memorizing all of those combined mark positions is quite cumbersome, and the use of various shift states to encode them is also not easy. By remembering the inside-to-out and left-to-right rules, encoding each common mark right off the unshifted state will be the fastest entry method.

Archaic Greek On the AltGr shift state (accessed with the Right Alt key, or letters with the combination of Ctrl+Alt – though note that certain applications work with the Right Alt, but don’t respect Ctrl+Alt because they trap the Control key) can be found a number of archaic Greek letters, again placed on phonetic equivalents as much as possible. Shift+AltGr accesses the capital forms of the same.

Punctuation The most common Greek punctuation marks can be entered from the unshifted state. In addition, many different forms of punctuation marks, including a full range of different forms of quotation marks, are spread out across the various shift states. The proper code point for the apostrophe is 02bc, which is mapped to the ' (apostrophe/single straight quote) key on the keyboard. Some Greek fonts do not contain this character, however, but 2019, the right single quote is available on AltGr+'. (Note that the behavior of 2019 and 02bc are different in applications relying on ICU code, so this character substitution may be fine for display purposes, but unsatisfactory for computational purposes relating to indexing or searching.)

Numbers European numerals are available in the unshifted state.