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Willow Creek Watershed Management Plan

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Willow Creek Watershed Management Plan Towards a Healthy Wildland Watershed: Willow Creek Watershed Management Plan Prepared for: Prepared by: Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods Prunuske Chatham, Inc. P.O. Box 2 P.O. Box 828 Duncans Mills, CA 95430 Occidental, CA 95465 (707) 869-9177 FAX: (707) 869-8252 (707) 874-0100 FAX: (707) 874-1440 March 2005 WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN MARCH 2005 WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN MARCH 2005 Willow Creek Watershed Management Plan PROJECT PARTNERS Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods California Department of Parks and Recreation Prunuske Chatham, Inc. Mendocino Redwoods Company California Department of Fish and Game Sonoma County Department of Public Works and Transportation NOAA Fisheries Service LandPaths Trout Unlimited We gratefully acknowledge our funders who made this project possible. PROJECT FUNDERS Proposition 13, Russian River Watershed Project Grant Program California State Water Resources Control Board Sonoma County Water Agency Russian River Watershed Council National Fish and Wildlife Federation Sonoma County Fish and Wildlife Commission This document is intended for public use and available at: www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/willowcreek.htm Page i WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN MARCH 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods (Stewards) would like to thank our project partners and the following Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) members who participated in two years worth of meetings. Their advice and dedication was invaluable in helping to produce a useful document to help guide future restoration work in the Willow Creek watershed. This effort will also ultimately contribute to the health of the entire Russian River watershed. Project Partners and Technical Advisory Committee Contact List Michele Luna, Executive Director Steven Chatham, Principal Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods Prunuske Chatham, Inc. (707) 869-9177, [email protected] (707) 874-0100, [email protected] Lauren Hammack, Hydrologist Kathie Lowrey, Senior Planner Prunuske Chatham, Inc. Prunuske Chatham, Inc. (707) 874-0100, [email protected] (707) 874-0100, [email protected] Brendan O’Neil, Resource Ecologist Dave Boyd, Senior Resource Ecologist Department of Parks and Recreation Department of Parks and Recreation (707) 869-2361, [email protected] (415) 898-4362 x19, [email protected] Bill Cox, Fisheries Biologist (TAC) Derek Acomb, Russian River Planner (TAC) Department of Fish and Game Department of Fish and Game (707) 823-1001, [email protected] (707) 744-8703, [email protected] Glenn Wallis & John Maitland (TAC) David Ulrich, Aquatic Biologist (TAC) Sonoma County Dept. of Public Mendocino Redwoods Company Works and Transportation (707) 962-2901, [email protected] (707) 565-6458, [email protected] Peter Johnsen, (TAC) Rob Dickerson & Mike Swaney (TAC) NOAA Fisheries Service Trout Unlimited (707) 468-4063, [email protected] (707) 543-5877, [email protected] Jennifer Jenkins, Watershed Specialist (TAC) Lisa Bush, Certified Range Manager (TAC) LandPaths Agricultural Consultant (707) 544-7284, [email protected] (707) 829-0107, [email protected] Page ii WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN MARCH 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................5 Description of the Willow Creek Watershed ...........................................................5 Purpose of the Willow Creek Watershed Management Plan ................................5 Plan Development........................................................................................................6 Watershed Stakeholders..............................................................................................6 Technical Advisory Committee .................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2: VISION AND GOALS FOR WATERSHED HEALTH AND FUNCTION ..............11 Community Vision from Public Input ....................................................................11 Community Vision for Next 2-5 Years ................................................................11 Community Vision after 10 Years ........................................................................12 Community Vision after 50 Years ........................................................................12 Goals for Willow Creek Watershed.........................................................................12 Goal 1: Improve Habitat for Indigenous Wildlife Species...............................12 Goal 2: Increase Populations of Salmon and Steelhead to Sustainable Levels...................................................................................13 Goal 3: Reduce Sediment Input into Willow Creek..........................................13 Goal 4: Resolve Sedimentation Issues at the Second Bridge ...........................13 Goal 5: Manage Vegetation for Habitat Diversity ............................................13 Goal 6: Manage Recreation for Conservation of Natural Resources..............13 CHAPTER 3: HISTORY OF WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED..................................................15 Introduction ................................................................................................................15 Native American Settlement and Land Use...........................................................15 The First People: Prior to 1810..............................................................................15 Chalanchawi Village at Willow Creek.................................................................16 Kashaya Pomo after Euro-American Contact ....................................................17 Russian Settlement: 1810-1841.................................................................................17 Kostromitinov Ranch in Willow Creek: 1833-1841...........................................18 19th and 20th Century Euro-American Land Uses ..................................................20 Timber Harvest .......................................................................................................20 Grazing and Other Agricultural Uses .................................................................23 Transportation.........................................................................................................25 Residential and Educational Uses........................................................................28 Recreation and State Parks....................................................................................30 Conclusion...................................................................................................................33 Table of Contents Page iii WILLOW CREEK WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN MARCH 2005 CHAPTER 4: WATERSHED DIAGNOSIS: AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN ...........35 Introduction ................................................................................................................35 Landscape and Habitat Alterations.........................................................................36 Changes in Vegetative Community Composition.............................................38 Exotic Species Invasion..........................................................................................40 Habitat Impairment................................................................................................41 Barriers to Wildlife Movement .............................................................................42 Recommendations ..................................................................................................42 Altered Sediment Production and Transport ........................................................43 Lower Watershed Sedimentation and Loss of Channel Connectivity............46 Upper Watershed Sediment Production.............................................................48 Recommendations ..................................................................................................50 Fisheries Decline.........................................................................................................50 Population Behavior...............................................................................................51 Habitat Factors........................................................................................................52 Recommendations ..................................................................................................54 Limitations in Restoration Potential........................................................................55 Climate Change.......................................................................................................55 Irreversible Landscape Changes ..........................................................................55 Species Loss .............................................................................................................55 CHAPTER 5: WATERSHED ENHANCEMENT PROJECTS.....................................................57 Introduction ................................................................................................................57 Baseline Surveys.........................................................................................................57 Inventory
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