Virtual Team Building Support System: Considerations of Virtual Project Management

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Virtual Team Building Support System: Considerations of Virtual Project Management Proposition of a Tool to Build Virtual Teams : Virtual Team Building Support System : Considerations of Virtual Project Management, Competence Management and Virtual Team Interaction Marinita Schumacher To cite this version: Marinita Schumacher. Proposition of a Tool to Build Virtual Teams : Virtual Team Building Support System : Considerations of Virtual Project Management, Competence Management and Virtual Team Interaction. Other. Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. English. NNT : 2011ECAP0030. tel-00997402 HAL Id: tel-00997402 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997402 Submitted on 4 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ECOLE CENTRALE DES ARTS ET MANUFACTURES « ECOLE CENTRALE PARIS » THESE présentée par Marinita Schumacher pour l’obtention du GRADE DE DOCTEUR Spécialité: Génie Industriel Laboratoire d’accueil: LGI – Laboratoire Génie Industriel Sujet: Proposition of a Tool to Build Virtual Teams: Virtual Team Building Support System. - Considerations of Virtual Project Management, Competence Management and Virtual Team Interaction. Soutenue le 8 Juillet 2011 Devant un Jury composé de: Prof. Dr. Eric BONJOUR, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France Prof. Dr. Xavier BOUCHER, ENSMSE0Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St. Etienne, St. Etienne, France Prof. Dr. Dr. Sandor 12JN2, Otto0von0Gueric3e0(niversit4t Magdeburg, Ger any Dipl.0B6 7F.8, Senior Pro9ect Manager 7IPM28 :atrin RESC.62MM, Managing Director at E(relations 2G, ;urich, Switzerland Prof. Dr. Jean0Claude Bocquet, Ecole Centrale Paris, France Prof. Dr. Julie ST2L0LE C2RDIN2L, Ecole Centrale Paris, France 2 Pour Mi3a B A C Remerciement Je souhaite re ercier toutes les personnes qui ’ont acco pagnée au cours de ces années de doctorat et qui ont per is que cette thEse soit pour oi une eFpérience riche et unique. Je re ercie infini ent on directeur de thEse Jean0Claude Bocquet, Professeur et directeur du Laboratoire Génie Industriel de l’Ecole Centrale Paris, pour son accueil chaleureuF au labora0 toire, pour la confiance qu’il ’a accordée et pour ’avoir soutenue dans toutes ces années dans a recherche. Je suis trEs reconnaissante, erci. Je tiens G re ercier affectueuse ent a co0directrice de thEse Julie Stal0Le Cardinal, Profes0 seur G l’Ecole Centrale Paris, pour son encadre ent, pour l’autono ie qu’elle ’a laissée, qui ’a per is de ener ce travail trEs libre ent ainsi que pour son soutien et ses encourage0 ents auF o ents oH il fallait. J’eFpri e toute a reconnaissance G tous les e bres du 9ury pour l’attention avec laquelle ils ont relu et co enté on anuscrit de thEse, et pour l’échange constructif que nous avons eu le 9our de la soutenance. Je re ercie Sandor 1a9na, Professeur de l’Otto0von0Gueric3e0(niversit4t Magdeburg, pour lIhonneur quIil Ia fait en acceptant de présider le 9ury, pour ses encourage ents et ses préve0 nances. J’adresse égale ent es re ercie ents G Eric Bon9our, Professeur de l’(niversité de Lorraine, et ,avier Boucher, Professeur de l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St. Etienne, d’avoir accepté l’invitation et surtout pour leurs re arques et conseils pertinents co e rapporteurs. J’apprécie beaucoup leur participation et le point du vue sur le ontage d’équipes virtuelles qu’ils ont apporté G l’évaluation de ce travail. :atrin Reschwa , Managing Director at E(relations 2G, n’était pas initiale ent un de es encadrants officiels ais, par sa présence et sa disponibilité, elle est devenue un pilier i por0 tant de on travail, 9e profite de ces lignes pour lui adresser a reconnaissance. :atrin, with0 out your feedbac3, your otivation, your professionalis and your friendship, I would have been lost several ti esJ C’était un grand plaisir pour oi d’avoir par i les e bres du 9ury, des invités co e Marc Diviné, MaKtre de Conferences G l’I2E0 (niversité de Sorbonne Paris 1, et Sandro 6artzac3, Professeur de la Friedrich02leFander0(niversit4t Erlangen0NLrnberg. Marc, erci pour ton inté0 rMt G on travail et notre bonne collaboration autour de la rédaction d’articles. Sandro, I appre0 ciate very uch our enriching discussions at once professional and personnelJ I’ loo3ing for0 ward to future collaborationJ Je tiens G eFpri er a gratitude G Mounib Me3hilef qui est la pre iEre personne G ’avoir orientée vers ce su9et de thEse. Merci pour les bons o ents passés ense ble et pour l’accueil au sein des pro9ets européens, oH 9’ai pu collaborer dans des équipes virtuelles avec des col0 lEgues for idables. Je leur réserve aussi ici une ention spéciale. 5 Je ne saurais pas oublier lIense ble des e bres du laboratoire Génie Industriel. OuIils trou0 vent ici lIeFpression dIun souvenir sincEre et constant. Les échanges avec euF et leur cordialité ont tou9ours été trEs appréciés et ont rendu la vie au LGI agréable. Je re ercie les anges du secrétariat qui ont tou9ours trouvé un petit o ent pour oi et es questions: 2nne, Corinne et Sylvie et un erci spécial G Carole. Merci égale ent auF fées de l’école doctorale, Géraldine et Catherine ainsi que Jean0Louis pour sa disponibilité et 2nnie0 Claude pour son beau sourire tous ces atins. (n erci chaleureuF G es collEgues, qui sont devenus des a is, de ’avoir acco pagné tout au long de ces années, pour les liens que nous avons pu tisser, pour leur soutien et leur a itié. Merci de tout on cPur G: 2na, 2nne, 2del, 2s a, 2ude, a chEre Céline, Mari9a, E anuelle et Oualid. Je vous té oigne toute on a itié. Je re ercie chaude ent es a is de longue date .ei3e, :rissi, Line, Nicola, Nora, Jenny, Jes0 sica et Julia. (ne ention spéciale va G Roy et Corinna qui savent pourquoi J Corinna, du fehlstJ (ne pensée toute particuliEre pour la fa ille d’2nnie, la fa ille dQIrene et a fa ille stricto sensu : eine Eltern, die i er fLr ich da sind, eine lieben GroReltern, die ich sooft in der Ferne ver isse, Martin, Sandra, .annes, die ein .erz it Liebe erfLllen und Mari3a, eine SeeleJ Ich dan3e EuchJ Merci G Sann, on a our, ainsi qu’G notre fils Mi3a qui a soutenu cette thEse avec oi, en0 se ble B porté sous on cPur. N T 8 V6ould you tell e, please, which way I ought to go fro hereWX VThat depends a good deal on where you want to get to,X said the Cat. Lewis Caroll: 2lice’s 2dventures in 6onderland, 18N5 Illustration: John Tenniel 9 10 R)sum) Les équipes virtuelles deviennent de plus en plus courantes dans les organisations actuelles pour la conception de produit, service, systE e ou processus organisationnel. Etant donné que des partenaires potentiels de ces pro9ets de conception peuvent Mtre répartis dans de no breuF pays, ces organisations doivent accéder G des odes de co unication dyna iques qui per0 ettent cette ondialisation. De no breuses organisations ont répondu auF contraintes d’un tel environne ent dyna ique par l’introduction d’équipes virtuelles. Celles0ci ont des caractéris0 tiques particuliEres incluant la distance géographique, te porelle et des différences organisa0 tionnelles et culturelles. Dans notre travail, nous proposons une conception préli inaire d’un outil d’aide au ontage d’équipes virtuelles déno é 1irtual Tea Building Support Syste 71TB Support Syste 8. Le 1TB Support Syste fonctionne co e un outil d’analyse, co unication et planification du ontage d’équipes virtuelles dans le do aine de développe ent de nouveauF produits. Cet outil est un support qui facilite la constitution d’une équipe virtuelle non seule ent dans des organisations ais aussi dans des pro9ets sans réelle structure organisationnelle. Le 1TB Support Syste identifie des besoins et apporte des reco andations et des solutions techniques adaptables per ettant la constitution d’une équipe virtuelle. Dans un environne ent virtuel, les e bres d’une équipe pro9et peuvent changer fréque ent, ceci nécessite d’identifier les eFigences d’un systE e de support d’aide au ontage de telles équipes. Le pro0 cessus de constitution d’une équipe virtuelle ne se li ite pas unique ent au développe ent du groupe et auF aspects ressources hu aines ou des interactions hu aines, ais prend égale0 ent en co pte l’organisation des processus de travail. Les reco andations pour la constitu0 tion d’équipes virtuelles sont considérées sous trois do aines qui sont précisé ent présentés dans notre travail par anage ent de pro9et virtuel 71PM8, anage ent de co pétence 7CM8 et l’interaction d’équipe virtuelle 71TI8. Dans le but d’élaborer le 1TB Support Syste , nous choisissons l’approche globale de l’analyse fonctionnelle. Cela nous per et d’identifier toutes les fonctions du 1TB Support Syste qui décrivent les eFigences d’un tel systE e. Ensuite, nous utilisons le Ouality Function Deploy ent 7OFD8, en particulier la Y aison de qualitéZ, pour déduire des reco andations sur les fonc0 tions les plus i portantes détectées par l’analyse fonctionnelle. La aison de qualité per et de représenter dans une atrice les reco andations ou solutions techniques et les fonctions 7issues d’une analyse fonctionnelle8 et d’évaluer si une reco andation/ solution satisfait une ou plusieurs fonctions. Le 1TB Support Syste est appliqué dans trois cas différents qui soulignent l’aspect générique du odEle.
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