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Compte-Rendu 24.Indd Les publications de la Direction de l’innovation et des technologies Compte rendu NO 24 Atelier de travail « Prédation du pétoncle et gestion des ensemencements » Madeleine Nadeau Guglielmo Tita Les publications de la Direction de l’innovation et des technologies Atelier de travail « Prédation du pétoncle et gestion des ensemencements » Compte rendu no 24 Madeleine Nadeau Guglielmo Tita Organisation de l’atelier Madeleine Nadeau et Guglielmo Tita Commanditaires Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ) Société de développement de l’industrie maricole (SODIM) Institut des Sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER-UQAR) Pêches et Océans Canada (MPO) Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS) Réalisation Marc Veillet, responsable du bureau d’édition Nancy Godin, agente de secrétariat du bureau d’édition Remerciements Merci à tous ceux et celles qui ont participé de près et de loin à la tenue de cet événement. Cette rencontre a été possible grâce à la participation financière de la DIT-MAPAQ, de l’Institut des sciences de la mer (UQAR), de la Société de développement de l’industrie maricole et du programme MITACS (Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex systems). Important note The English texts that appear in these proceedings have not been edited. They are, therefore, the sole responsibility of their authors. Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec Bureau d’édition - DIT 96, montée de Sandy Beach, bureau 2.05 Gaspé (Québec) G4X 2V6 [email protected] Pour une version gratuite (fichier pdf) de ce document, visitez notre site Internet à l’adresse suivante : http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/Fr/Peche/md/Publications/ ISBN (version imprimée) : 2-550-47009-5 ISBN (version PDF) : 2-550-47010-9 Dépôt légal – Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 2006 Dépôt légal – Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2006 Les publications de la Direction de l’innovation et des technologies Atelier de travail « Prédation du pétoncle et gestion des ensemencements » Madeleine Nadeau1, Guglielmo Tita2 1. CeMIM, DIT, MAPAQ, Cap-aux-Meules, Québec 2. ISMER, UQAR, Cap-aux-Meules, Québec On doit citer ce document comme suit : Nadeau M., G. Tita. 2005. Atelier de travail «Prédation du pétoncle et gestion des ensemencements», Îles-de-la-Madeleine, 29 février – 1er mars 2004. MAPAQ, DIT, Compte rendu no 24, 54 p. Sommaire Le principal objectif de la rencontre était de faire le bilan des connaissances sur les causes de mortalité des pétoncles ensemencés, en particulier celles qui sont associées à la préda- tion. L’atelier avait aussi comme objectif d’identifier les connaissances manquantes pour le développement de stratégies de contrôle de ces pertes. Enfin, la rencontre visait à favoriser des coopérations entre les différents intervenants des milieux scientifiques et industriels. L’atelier a permis la rencontre d’une trentaine de participants dont des chercheurs univer- sitaires et gouvernementaux, des intervenants du secteur parapublic et des producteurs. Les vingt-deux conférences ont traité de thèmes divers dont la biologie, l’écologie et le comportement des prédateurs de pétoncles. Des présentations ont également porté sur les interactions entre les prédateurs et leurs proies et d’autres ont fait le point sur les principaux facteurs pouvant affecter l’impact de la prédation tels le substrat du site désigné, la taille des juvéniles ensemencés, la densité des prédateurs, la vitesse des courants et la vitalité des bivalves. Des informations provenant d’ensemencements expérimentaux de pétoncles ont également été présentées. Parmi les conférenciers étrangers mentionnons la participation de chercheurs de la Norvège, du Chili et des États-Unis. Le chercheur de la Norvège s’est fait re- marquer pour son expertise dans le contrôle de la prédation des crabes par l’installation d’un système de clôtures autour des sites ensemencés pour prévenir l’accès aux prédateurs. Un chercheur de l’Université du Massachusetts a pour sa part présenté des méthodes d’inven- taire de pétoncles et de prédateurs sur le Banc Georges. Ces stratégies présentent un bon potentiel pour une utilisation au Québec. Des informations sur le comportement alimentaire du crabe commun ont été présentées par un chercheur de la Caroline du Nord. Finalement, une présentation réalisée par un chercheur de l’Université Laval a permis de faire une bonne synthèse des connaissances acquises au Québec dans le domaine de la biologie des étoiles Mots-clés de mer. pétoncle Une rencontre plénière a été menée en fin d’atelier. Les principales recommandations issues prédation de ces discussions sont de documenter davantage les aspects de la dynamique de la pré- ensemencement dation sur des ensemencements à grande échelle, de porter une attention particulière sur la gestion qualité des pétoncles au moment de l’ensemencement et de poursuivre les études concer- nant les variables affectant la prédation (par exemple, la sélection des sites et de la période Key words de l’année des ensemencements, l’effet du courant et la taille des juvéniles ensemencés). scallop predation seeding management III Table des matières Programme de l’atelier ..................................................................................................................................................................V Mot de bienvenue .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Problématique générale Caractérisation des sites d’ensemencement du pétoncle géant, Placopecten magellanicus, aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Giguère, M., S. Brulotte, M. Nadeau) ............................................................................................. 2 Bilan des essais d’ensemencement des fonds marins réalisés par Pec-Nord inc. depuis 1993 (Côté, J.) ............................. 5 Prédation et ensemencement de pétoncles : un système complexe (Brêthes, J.-C.) ............................................................. 8 Prédateurs potentiels (biologie, écologie et comportement) Behaviour, prey selection and impact of Gulf of St. Lawrence sea stars (Himmelman, J. H.) ............................................... 11 Les crabes du golfe du Saint-Laurent, écologie et comportement (Lambert, J.) ................................................................... 14 The role of chemoreception in predation by Crustacea (Rebach, S.) .................................................................................... 15 Fish predation studies (Strand, Ø.) ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Contrôle des prédateurs avec les dragues à pétoncles et le faubert (Hébert, D., M. Nadeau, N. Presse, S. Vigneau) ........23 Interference between the sea stars Leptasterias polaris and Asterias vulgaris: the importance of spatial and temporal variations in species interactions (Gaymer, C. F.) ............................................................................ 25 Interactions pétoncles-prédateurs Examination of sea star Asterias spp. – sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, predator-prey interactions on Georges Bank (Marino, M. C., K. D. E. Stokesbury, F. Juanes) ............................................. 28 Life and death in moving fluids: Avoiding chemically mediated predation (Arsenault, D. J.) ................................................. 31 Ensemencements expérimentaux de pétoncles géants (Placopecten magellanicus) juvéniles aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine en 1996 : Évaluation de la survie (Nadeau, M., G. Cliche) ........................................................... 32 Facteurs associés à l’impact de la prédation Prédation sur des pétoncles géants (Placopecten magellanicus) juvéniles par les crabes (Cancer irroratus et Hyas sp.) et les étoiles de mer (Asterias vulgaris, Leptasterias polaris et Crossaster papossus) (Nadeau, M., G. Cliche) ................................................................................................................. 35 Predation of juvenile sea scallop: Effects of substrate, prey density, and multiple prey species (Wong, M. C., M. A. Barbeau) ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Effet du substrat sur la survie, la croissance et la dispersion du pétoncle géant (Placopecten magellanicus) d’élevage aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Bourgeois, M., J.-C. Brêthes, M. Nadeau) ............................................ 41 Les réponses de fuite et la vitalité des pétoncles : Chlamys islandica, Euvola ziczac et Placopecten magellanicus (Guderley, H., K. Brokordt, M. Lafrance, J. Himmelman, O. Nusetti, G. Cliche, X. Jansoone, M. Nadeau, M. Bourgeois) .............................................................................................................................. 43 Méthodes de contrôle des étoiles de mer et des crabes utilisées dans le monde (Nadeau, M.) ........................................... 44 Predator density and use of defensive fences against crabs (Strand, Ø.) ............................................................................. 45 Application d’un modèle matriciel de dynamique de population aux pétoncles géants ensemencés aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine – Résultats préliminaires (Gagnery, A., M. A. Barbeau, M. Nadeau, J. Watmough) ....................................................................................................................................................
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