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Construction Pdf, Epub, Ebook CONSTRUCTION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sally Sutton,Brian Lovelock | 32 pages | 29 Oct 2015 | Candlewick Press,U.S. | 9780763679750 | English | Cambrudge, MA, United States Construction Company for Global Megaprojects & Modular Construction - Fluor Maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery , building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and residential installations. Demolition is the discipline of safely and efficiently tearing down buildings and other artificial structures. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction , which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for reuse purposes recycling - see also circular economy. Construction is a major source of employment in most countries; high reliance on small businesses, and under-representation of women are common traits. For example:. According to McKinsey research, productivity growth per worker in construction has lagged behind many other industries across different countries including in the United States and in European countries. In the United States, construction productivity per worker has declined by half since the s. The twenty-five largest countries in the world by construction GVA [37]. Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. A project manager normally manages the budget on the job, and a construction manager , design engineer , construction engineer or architect supervises it. Those involved with the design and execution must consider zoning requirements and legal issues, environmental impact of the project, scheduling , budgeting and bidding , construction site safety , availability and transportation of building materials , logistics, and inconvenience to the public, including those caused by construction delays. There are many routes to the different careers within the construction industry. There are three main tiers based on educational background and training, which vary by country:. Unskilled and semi-skilled workers provide general site labor, often have few or no construction qualifications, and may receive basic site training. Skilled tradespeople have typically served apprenticeships sometimes in labor unions or received technical training; this group also includes on-site managers who possess extensive knowledge and experience in their craft or profession. Skilled manual occupations include carpenters , electricians , plumbers , ironworkers , heavy equipment operators and masons , as well as those involved in project management. In the UK these require further education qualifications, often in vocational subject areas, undertaken either directly after completing compulsory education or through "on the job" apprenticeships. Professional, technical and managerial personnel often have higher education qualifications, usually graduate degrees , and are trained to design and manage construction processes. These roles require more training as they demand greater technical knowledge, and involve more legal responsibility. Example roles and qualification routes include:. Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the European Union. Other safety risks for workers in construction include hearing loss due to high noise exposure, musculoskeletal injury , chemical exposure, and high levels of stress. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 28 September For other uses, see Construction disambiguation. Process of the building or assembling of a building or infrastructure. Main article: History of construction. See also: History of architecture. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. August Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Home construction. Main article: Civil engineering. Main article: Architectural plan. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. October Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Construction law. Main article: Design—bid—build. Main article: Design-build. Main article: Construction management. Main article: New-construction building commissioning. Main article: Maintenance technical. Main article: Demolition. See also: List of construction trades. See also: Construction site safety. Main article: Sustainability in construction. Fast-track construction becomes the norm. Architectural Record. Archived from the original on 16 February Retrieved 8 August Institution of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 15 May Collaborative Construction Procurement and Improved Value. Construction Law: From Beginner to Practitioner. Retrieved 16 September Fortune Paper. Construction Equipment Guide. Retrieved The Latest Methods of Construction Design. Retrieved 5 August All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. These include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision actions. Building Design and Construction. Retrieved 29 April Retrieved 30 April Retrieved 3 May PBC Today. Reuters Economic News. United States Census Bureau. Accessed: 29 April US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Briefing Paper: Construction industry: statistics and policy. London: House of Commons Library. Briefing Paper: Business statistics. GMB Union. The Economist. Retrieved 26 June TH Services. Archived from the original on 4 March Retrieved 4 March National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved 3 August European Commission. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 6 August CPWR, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved 21 January Home construction Offshore construction Underground construction Tunnel construction. Architecture Construction Structural engineering Timeline of architecture Water supply and sanitation. Building code Construction law Site safety Zoning. Industrial architecture Interior architecture Landscape architecture Vernacular architecture. Architectural engineering Building services engineering Civil engineering Coastal engineering Construction engineering Structural engineering Earthquake engineering Environmental engineering Geotechnical engineering. List Earthbag construction Monocrete construction Slip forming. Building material List of building materials Millwork Construction bidding Construction delay Construction equipment theft Construction loan Construction management Construction waste Demolition Design—build Design—bid—build Heavy equipment Interior design Megaproject Megastructure Real estate development Sustainability in construction Urban design Urban planning. Outline Category. Construction industry by country. Tallest buildings and structures. History Skyscraper Storey. British Empire and Commonwealth European Union. Commonwealth of Nations. From a construction standpoint, the sector added back , jobs following a decline of , in April. Employment in building construction rose by ,, while heavy and civil engineering jobs increased by 33, Specialty trade contractors added , jobs. As state and local governments continue to loosen rules on business activity, hiring will certainly pick back up and the economy will move forward. However, this recovery will be a very long and slow process fraught will potential pitfalls. The easy lifting will come first. With the massive negative numbers in April, there was bound to be an immediate jump in employment as people started returning to work. That jump has come sooner than expected, but growth in the second half of the year will nevertheless be slow-going. This was, by far, the largest collapse of the labor market since the Great Depression. March job losses were revised down to , and, combined with April, sum to These losses dwarf the 8. The suddenness of the downturn was stunning. As recently as February, the job market had been growing for months and the unemployment rate had fallen to a year low of 3. Furthermore, the current unemployment rate does not include the 5. The April figures shattered previous historical records. Previously, the largest one-month decline in employment had occurred in September when 2. The previous record for the highest unemployment rates where records only go back to was Job declines were widespread across industries in April. Construction lost , jobs with most of the losses coming from Specialty Trades, which fell by , But other industries were hit even harder: the greatest losses came from leisure and hospitality where 7. Most of these jobs came from restaurants and bars, which were down 5. The retail sector lost 2. Education and healthcare lost a combined 2. Even government employment was down , with most losses coming from local governments where , employees were laid off, mostly due to school closures. As many states slowly begin to reopen during the month of May, job losses should begin to abate. Still, it will be many more months before the economy, and the job market, return to any sense of normalcy. Weakness was widespread. Consumer spending dropped 7. Within consumer spending, the only category to post growth in the quarter was nondurable goods aka groceries and other consumables.
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