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Foreword to 'Brave New World: New Visions in Architecture' The University of Manchester Research Foreword to 'Brave New World: New Visions in Architecture' Document Version Final published version Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Milner, S. J. (2020). Foreword to 'Brave New World: New Visions in Architecture'. In M. Engle (Ed.), Brave New World: New Visions in Architecture (pp. 3-4). British School at Rome. Published in: Brave New World: New Visions in Architecture Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:11. Oct. 2021 AV R E B NEW WORLD Brave New World New Visions in Architecture AV R E B NEW A Programme of Lectures and Exhibitions: May 2018–September 2019 BSRWORLD Architecture Programme Contents Foreword 3 Stephen J Milner I am delighted to introduce this publication which is the Stephen result of the series of lectures, events and exhibitions which 5 Marina Engel took place at the British School at Rome between May 2018 10 Reinier de Graaf J Milner and September 2019 as part of the architecture programme. 13 Phineas Harper This specific programme was entitled Brave New World: Director, British School at Rome New Visions in Architecture and was curated by Marina Engel. 17 Assemble and Serena Professor of Italian, The main aim of the series of events was to give voice to the 25 Simone Capra University of Manchester emerging generation of younger architects, many of whom were born at the turn of the millennium. As so-called ‘millennials’, 27 Orizzontale the intention was to examine how the social and economic 30 Alison Crawshaw, DK-CM and Public Practice concerns of this generation found a place within the field 45 Luca Montuori of contemporary architectural thinking and practice. 49 Supervoid The title of the programme clearly references Aldous Huxley’s 53 Maria Claudia Clemente famous pre-war dystopian novel Brave New World (1932) 57 Jack Self which painted a frightening vision of a futuristic state characterised by social, psychological and environmental 63 Adam Nathaniel Furman conditioning in which one man, ‘the Savage’, struggles to come 67 Fosbury Architecture to terms with a new post-industrial order and ultimately commits 71 Rowan Moore suicide as the state-programmed satisfaction of his hedonistic desires leave his more profound psychological needs unfulfilled. 75 Programme of Lectures and Exhibitions 76 Acknowledgements Huxley’s novel is often read as a revolt against the age of utopias, 77 Image Credits and this tension between imagined futures, the ‘new visions’ of the programmes subtitle, and current practices and modes of design and repurposing was consistently challenged throughout the programme. The longstanding fixation with newness in architecture, as evidenced through what Reinier de Graaf referred to as the ‘age of manifestos’, came under repeated scrutiny: how compatible is the consumerist desire for novelty with the increasingly pressing concerns with environmental impact and sustainability? How new, in fact, is any architectural ‘new vision’? What is it that the generation of millennial architects has brought to contemporary debate and made happen differently? How sustainable are these new practices? Is the age of ‘new’ building over and the age of repurposing beginning? There is no doubt that architecture has a central role to play in meeting many of the great social and environmental challenges that face us. Questions of inclusivity, diversity, collaboration and equality of opportunity are as pressing in architecture as they are in many other fields. The fourth industrial revolution 4 and exponential growth of new technologies and AI are set to further accelerate change and destabilise established Introduction working and leisure practices. The use, and reuse, of materials and spaces has always been at the heart of architectural practice and the questions of sourcing and sustainability, Oh, wonder! and architecture’s carbon footprint have never been subject Marina How many goodly creatures are there here! to such close scrutiny. How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, Engel That has such people in ‘t! This programme and the interventions in this publication bear The Tempest, Act 5, Scene 1 witness to the vibrant and engaged manner in which these Curator, Architecture Programme, issues are being confronted and discussed. There is no doubt British School at Rome Few generations have been so acutely observed as that that the concerns of the millennial generation are impacting born roughly between 1980 and 2000, commonly referred on the discipline of architecture and adding a vital voice to as millennials. They are natives of that digital world to which to debate and the shaping of an uncertain future. When earlier generations are still learning to adjust. A generation that thinking through utopian and dystopian futures, the tragic is coming of age during a period of extraordinary technological events at Grenfell Tower are cause for reflection. Amongst change as well as of post-9/11 political instability and post- the dead were two young Italian conservation architects, 2008 economic uncertainty. They will have to confront the millennials who had come to London to further their careers consequences of unprecedented climate change, increasing working with UK practices. wealth inequality, unstable working conditions, crippling rents and unaffordable housing, as well as changes in family As Phin Harper pointed out so forcefully in his lecture, the structures and gender roles. millennial generation that is often stereotyped as the ‘snow-flake’ generation are the most qualified and mobile whilst confronting Common to a number of young architects and artists is the a precarity unknown to other post-war generations. As I write, feeling that their economic and social needs are not addressed we are confronting a Covid-19 pandemic which is redefining how by the present system of designing the built environment. Many we interact and use space. In this context, it may be the ‘brave’ seek to venture beyond the traditional role of the architect, often of the programme’s title which remains the most relevant word conceiving social enterprises that endeavour to compensate for as we envision new futures. the diminishing role of the state. At the same time, they are the first to depend more on their peers — with the ability to access and share information on the web — than on figures of authority. They drive the rise in self-initiated projects. Assemble, one of the practices in the programme, describes itself as committed to both ‘making things and making things happen.’ Millennials are seen as the force behind the new sharing economy and the increase of both shared working and living spaces. Many predict that they will have a revolutionary effect on architecture and urban planning and on the way we experience space and so on how we work, play and socialise. Through a series of lectures and case studies, the programme Brave New World proposed a number of questions aimed at investigating the nature of some of the changes that are being brought about by this younger generation: Are younger designers driven by a renewed social consciousness and more utopian ideal of what can be done through design? Alternatively, are young 5 6 designers simply being pragmatic? What forms does this new often temporary interventions, are emblems of this epoch. vision of architecture take? ‘Starting from little things and establishing relationships in the here and now of everyday life may be the first step in finding This generation is ‘more concerned with making some positive an antidote to this situation,’ writes Stefano Ragazzo (Orizzontale). and constructive difference to society than any previous Tactical urbanism is frequently cited: low-cost, small and generation of architects that I have known in the forty years often non-permanent constructions that strive to improve local since I went to architecture school,’ concluded the critic Rowan neighbourhoods and public spaces. Montuori refers to the Italian Moore in his lecture. The themes of social purpose and the desire philosopher Umberto Galimberti’s Il viadante della filosofia to create a more egalitarian society were discussed repeatedly which describes wayfarer’s ethics in contemporary society ‘finding in most of the events. our way towards an unforeseeable future that must be confronted through a balance of strategies and tactics anchored in three- In the first case study Ways of Listening the multidisciplinary dimensional reality’. collective and Turner Prize winners Assemble exhibited three ongoing projects: their acclaimed Granby Four Streets, The second case study New Publics brought together the Café Oto and Baltic Street Adventure Playground. In order practices of Alison Crawshaw, David Knight (DK-CM) and to concentrate on the collaborative process in their work, projects Finn Williams (Public Practice), who see themselves as part were presented through the voices of residents, volunteers and of a generation who ‘increasingly step across sectors and beyond collaborators. All three schemes were characteristic of Assemble’s traditional roles to build new forms of publicness.’ Each practice hands-on working method that intends to create ‘a change contributed to a range of studies that debated publicness from in people’s environment, to fill the gap between the people different positions within and beyond the planning system.
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