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A Method for Constructing a New Extensible Nomenclature for Clinical Coding Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa
MEDINFO 2017: Precision Healthcare through Informatics 965 A.V. Gundlapalli et al. (Eds.) © 2017 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and IOS Press. This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0). doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-965 A Method for Constructing a New Extensible Nomenclature for Clinical Coding Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Sven Van Laere, Marc Nyssen, Frank Verbeke Department of Public Health (GEWE), Research Group of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (BISI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Abstract The word nomenclature has to be used with care in the context Clinical coding is a requirement to provide valuable data for of sub-Saharan Africa. By the word “nomenclature”, usually billing, epidemiology and health care resource allocation. In they understand: “a coding system to provide codes that are sub-Saharan Africa, we observe a growing awareness of the used in invoices, to specify the health services that were pro- need for coding of clinical data, not only in health insurances, vided for particular patients”. We define nomenclature in a but also in governments and the hospitals. Presently, coding broader way, also taking into account the clinical definition of systems in sub-Saharan Africa are often used for billing pur- health services. poses. In this paper we consider the use of a nomenclature to In this paper we will present a way to build this new nomen- also have a clinical impact. -
Description of Alternative Approaches to Measure and Place a Value on Hospital Products in Seven Oecd Countries
OECD Health Working Papers No. 56 Description of Alternative Approaches to Measure Luca Lorenzoni, and Place a Value Mark Pearson on Hospital Products in Seven OECD Countries https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kgdt91bpq24-en Unclassified DELSA/HEA/WD/HWP(2011)2 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 14-Apr-2011 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English text only DIRECTORATE FOR EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS HEALTH COMMITTEE Unclassified DELSA/HEA/WD/HWP(2011)2 Health Working Papers OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS NO. 56 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO MEASURE AND PLACE A VALUE ON HOSPITAL PRODUCTS IN SEVEN OECD COUNTRIES Luca Lorenzoni and Mark Pearson JEL Classification: H51, I12, and I19 English text only JT03300281 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DELSA/HEA/WD/HWP(2011)2 DIRECTORATE FOR EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS www.oecd.org/els OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS http://www.oecd.org/els/health/workingpapers This series is designed to make available to a wider readership health studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language – English or French – with a summary in the other. Comment on the series is welcome, and should be sent to the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France. The opinions expressed and arguments employed here are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD. -
A Reason for Visit Classification for Ambulatory Care
DATA EVALUATION AND METHODS RESEARCH Series 2 Number 78 A Reasonfor Visit Classification for AmbulatoryCare This report presents a classification system developed to code rea- sons for seeking ambulatory medical care. DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1352 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, Md. February 1979 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Schneider, Don. A reason for visit classification for ambulatory care. (Vital and health statistics: Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research; no. 78) (DHEW publication; no. (PHS) 79-1352) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Nosology. 2. Ambulatory medical care. I. Appleton, Linda, joint author. II. McLemore, Thomas, ,joint author. III. Title. IV. Series: United States. National Center for Health Sta- tistics. Vital and health statistics: Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research; no. 78. V. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. DHEW publication; no. (PHS) 79-1352. [DNLM: 1. Ambulatory care. 2. Classification. W2 A N148vb no. 78] RA409.U45 no. 78 [RB115] 312’.07’23s [616’.001’2] 78-11549 NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS DOROTHY P. RICE, Director ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph.D., Associate .Directorfor International Statistics ROBERT C, HUBER, Associate Director for Management MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for Mathematiccd Statistics PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations JAMES M. -
Health & Coding Terminological Systems
Health & Coding Terminological Systems Hamideh Sabbaghi, MS Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Definition of Code Code is considered as word, letter, or number which has been used as passwords instead of words or phrases. Coding System 1. Classification system 2. Nomenclature system Classification System A well-known system of corrections for naming different stages of the disease. Nomenclature System A medical list of a specific system of preferred terms for naming disease. WHO- FIC • Main/reference classification • Related classifications to the main/ reference classification • Driven classification from the main/ reference classification Main/reference classification • ICD- 10 (1990, WHA) • ICD- 11 (2007, WHO) • http://who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ ICD with a commonest usage can be used for: • Identification of health trend, mortality and morbidity statistics. • Clinical and health research purposes. Main/reference classification • ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) • ICF (International Classification of Function, Disability and Health) • ICHI (International Classification of Health Intervention) Related classifications to the main/ reference classification • ATC/DDD (The Anatomical Therapeutic chemical classification system with Defined Daily Doses) • ATCvet (The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for veterinary medicinal products) • ICECI (International Classification of External Causes -
A Status Report, 2008-2009 WHO-FIC 2009/C006
Seoul, Republic of Korea WHO-FIC Education Committee: WHO-FIC 2009/C006 10 - 16 October 2009 A Status Report, 2008-2009 Cassia Maria Buchalla and Marjorie S. Greenberg Co-chairs Abstract The WHO-FIC Education Committee (EC) was established at the 2003 WHO-FIC Network meeting in Cologne, Germany, as a successor to the Subgroup on Training and Credentialing of the WHO-FIC Implementation Committee. New terms of reference were developed at the Cologne meeting to reflect generic tasks for education and training on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Specific tasks have been agreed for both ICD and ICF. The Education Committee (EC) assists and advises WHO in improving the quality of use of the WHO classifications in member states through the development of training and certification strategies, the identification of best training practices and by providing a network for sharing expertise and experiences on education and training. The principal ICD tasks relate to an international training and certification program for ICD-10 mortality and morbidity coders; this program has been developed in conjunction with the International Federation of Health Records Organizations (IFHRO), a non-governmental organization in official relations with WHO. A Joint WHO-FIC – IFHRO Collaboration (JC) was established in late 2004 to carry forward this work. The Education Committee’s ICF tasks are being carried out in collaboration with the WHO-FIC Network’s Functioning and Disability Reference Group (FDRG). The Education Committee held four teleconferences in 2009 and a mid-year meeting in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, in cooperation with the Joint Collaboration. -
Volume 3, Number 2, 2005
Volume 3, Number 2, 2005 Editorial Board Classification and terminology, what is in a name? Dr Marijke W. de Kleijn-de Vrankrijker Drs Huib Ten Napel The WHO-FIC Network meeting in October 2005 in Tokyo showed five Dr Willem M. Hirs projects on linking between WHO classifications and clinical terminologies: Realization and Design 1. R. Jakob, C. Çelik. Linkages between the ICD and terminologies A.C. Alta, Studio RIVM 2. K. Giannangelo & S. Fenton. Mapping: Creating the Terminology and Classification Published by Connection WHO-FIC Collaborating Centre in the 3. S. Zaiss, N. Hanser, N. Baerlecken. Comparison of ICHI and CCAM Basic Coding System Netherlands. 4. J.M. Rodrigues, A. Rector, P.E. Zanstra, R. Baud, J. Rogers, A.M. Rassinoux, S. Schultz, B. Responsibility for the information given Trombert, H. ten Napel, L. Clavel, E.J. vander Haring, C. Mateùs. Supporting WHO remains with the persons indicated. Classifications with GALEN tools Material from the Newsletter may be reproduced provided due 5. P.E. Zanstra, J..M. Rodrigues, A. Rector, M. Virtanen, G. Surjan, B. Üstün, P. Lewalle. acknowledgement is given. SemanticHealth. A semantic interoperability deployment and research roadmap; see p. 10 M. Virtanen chaired also a round table discussion with terminology experts, such Address WHO-FIC Collaborating Centre in the as C. Galinsky (Infoterm), J.M. Rodrigues (from the circle of Galen), K. Netherlands Spackman (from the circle of Snomed). Department for Public Health Forecasting In the summary report of the Network meeting it was stated that - "thanks to the National Institute of Public Health and the developments in informatics today - it is possible to link classifications and Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. -
Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia
WWW.MOH.GOV.GE Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia Georgia Health Management Information System Strategy “Healthy Georgia, Connected to You” 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary . 5 Goals and Objectives. 6 Governance. 7 Operational.Aspects. 9 HMIS Standards. .10 Message.Standards. .10 Vocabulary.Standards.for.Medical.Care. .11 Diagnosis.-.ICD.10,.Medcin. .12 Treatments.-.CPT. .13 Drugs.–RXNorm,.Multum,.Medispan,.First.Data.Bank. .13 Lab.–.LOINC,.SNOMED . .13 Administrative.Standards . .13 Citizens/Patients. .14 Provider.Credentialing,.Licensing.and.Unique.Identifiers. .14 National.Drug.Database . .14 Health.Data.Dictionary . .14 HMIS.Key.Indicators.and.Metrics. .15 HMIS.Core.Data.Sets. .15 HMIS Functionality . .16 Overview. .16 What.is.not.an.HMIS.component . .19 Software.Acquisition.versus.Development. .19 Selective.review.of.relevant.systems.that.are.already.available.in.Georgia . .23 Hesperus . .23 Vaccinations.system . .23 Electronic.registration.for.births.and.deaths.system. .23 TB.system,.AIDS.system,. .23 Surveillance.system.(DETRA).–.Infectious.Disease. .24 EU.project.for.MD’s.in.villages.to.be.equipped.with.400.PC’s . .24 SIMS. .24 Electronic Medical Record (EMR) . .25 Personal.and.Health.Information. .26 Results.Management. .26 Order.Management. .26 Decision.Support. .26 Reporting . .26 Electronic.Communication.and.Connectivity. .26 Patient.Support . .27 Administrative.Processes . .28 3 Financial Information System Functionality. .29 Georgian Health Data Repository (GHDR) . .32 Populating.the.Georgian.Health.Data.Repository.(GHDR) . .33 Extract,.Transform.Load. .34 Data.Domains.(Categories). .34 Data.Analysis.and.Presentation. .35 Reporting . .35 Dashboards . .36 GHDR.Uses. .36 Georgian.Healthcare.Statistics. .36 Monitoring.Healthcare.Costs. .36 Public.Health.Surveillance .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...36 Decision.Support:..Improving.Patient.Care . -
International Classification of Diseases- 10Th Revision (ICD-10)
Massachusetts Deaths 1999 Frequently Asked Questions: International Classification of Diseases- 10th Revision (ICD-10) Effective with data year 1999, the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) is used to code and classify causes of death. This change in coding systems will affect the comparison of mortality data between 1999 and previous years. Definitions and Concepts What is ICD-10? ICD-10 is an abbreviation for the International Classification of Diseases- Tenth revision. The International Classification of Diseases is a classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The United States uses the ICD in accordance with an international agreement. The purpose of an international classification system is to promote international comparability in collecting, classifying, and tabulating mortality statistics. Why has the ICD been revised? The ICD is revised to reflect changes in medical classification practices. The ICD was first implemented in 1900, and has undergone revisions approximately every ten years, except for the Ninth revision which was in effect between 1979-1998. There has been an increase in the number of specific cause of death codes from about 4,000 codes in ICD-9 to about 8,000 codes in ICD-10. Beginning with 1999, mortality data are coded according to the Tenth revision of the ICD. Can I compare data classified in ICD-10 to data classified in ICD-9? Differences in the coding between ICD-9 and ICD-10 make direct comparisons between the two classification systems difficult for three reasons: 1) there have been changes made in the codes that are assigned to causes of death; 2) there have been changes to the rules used to determine the underlying cause of death; and 3) there have been changes in the codes that comprise the leading cause of death categories. -
ICF: REPRESENTING the PATIENT BEYOND a MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION of DIAGNOSES Posted on July 17, 2009 by Administrator
ICF: REPRESENTING THE PATIENT BEYOND A MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DIAGNOSES Posted on July 17, 2009 by Administrator Category: Clinical Terms & Vocabularies Tag: ICF Page: 1 by Kathy Giannangelo, RHIA, CCS; Sue Bowman, RHIA, CCS; Michelle Dougherty, RHIA, CHP; and Susan Fenton, MBA, RHIA Abstract The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a component essential to ensuring the collection of accurate and complete healthcare data that correctly reflect the care provided to individuals. In fact, many countries outside of the United States have found uses for ICF. While research continues in the United States on the potential value of implementing ICF, deliberations are establishing the need to implement ICF to develop knowledge about the physical, mental, and social functioning of patients. In the course of these deliberations, issues related to current data collection activities, the use of ICF in an electronic health record (EHR) system, training requirements, and terminology maps are beginning to emerge. Introduction The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is one of the World Health Organization’s Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC).1 The purpose of WHO-FIC is to promote the appropriate selection of classifications in the range of settings in the healthcare field around the world. Since a single classification system cannot encompass all types of healthcare information or provide the level of detail desired for various uses of healthcare data, multiple classifications have been developed to meet specific user requirements. WHO-FIC provides a framework to code a wide range of information about health (for example, diagnosis, functioning, disability, and reasons for contact with health services) and uses standardized language, permitting communication about health and healthcare around the world and among various disciplines and sciences. -
Toward a Preliminary Layered Network Model Representation of Medical Coding in Clinical Decision Support Systems
146 Int'l Conf. Health Informatics and Medical Systems | HIMS'15 | Toward a Preliminary Layered Network Model Representation of Medical Coding in Clinical Decision Support Systems H. Mallah1, I. Zaarour2, A. Kalakech2 1 Doctoral School of Management Information Systems, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Management Information Systems Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon Abstract - The aim of this research is to describe the impact increase in medical errors, poor trainings to human resources of Medical Codes (MC) on building a successful Clinical and their derivatives. Many studies were done on how to Decision Support System (CDSS) that helps in structuring a computerize medical processes, especially critical decisions beneficial Information Model, we highlight a preliminary in medical fields, using Artificial Intelligence. From these Architectural Layered network model to assist health care needs, Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) and givers and researchers in representing their work in a Medical classification or medical coding gave birth after the unified manner. Via a descriptive methodology, we development of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and the incorporate the relationship between (MC) and (CDSS), we Computer-based Physician Order Entry (CPOE). CDSS is discussed a brief state of art of (CDSS) as well as medical the key of success of clinical information systems designed coding as a process of converting descriptions of to assist health care providers in decision making during the medical diagnoses and procedures into universal medical process of care. This means that a clinician would cooperate codes and numbers. Integrated with CDSS, medical codes with a CDSS to help determine diagnosis, analysis of patient are illustrated as an advanced search engine in the data. -
Ehealth Standardisation in the Nordic Countries
eHealth standardisation in the Nordic countries Technical and partially semantics standardisation as a strategic means for realising national policies in eHealth eHealth standardisation in the Nordic countries Technical and partially semantics standardisation as a strategic means for realising national policies in eHealth Thor Schliemann, Camilla Danielsen, Teemupekka Virtanen, Riikka Vuokko, Gudrun Audur Hardardottir, Magnus Andre Alsaker, Bjarte Aksnes, Niklas Eklöf and Erika Ericsson TemaNord 2019:537 eHealth standardisation in the Nordic countries Technical and partially semantics standardisation as a strategic means for realising national policies in eHealth Thor Schliemann, Camilla Danielsen, Teemupekka Virtanen, Riikka Vuokko, Gudrun Audur Hardardottir, Magnus Andre Alsaker, Bjarte Aksnes, Niklas Eklöf and Erika Ericsson ISBN 978-92-893-6218-4 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6219-1 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-537 TemaNord 2019:537 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations Cover photo: unsplash.com Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not pro- duced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. -
The Concept of Mental Disorder and the DSM-V
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The concept of mental disorder and the DSM-V MASSIMILIANO ARAGONA Chair of Philosophy of Psychopathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy In view of the publication of the DSM-V researchers were asked to discuss the theoretical implications of the definition of mental disorders. The reasons for the use, in the DSM-III, of the term disorder instead of disease are considered. The analysis of these reasons clarifies the distinction between the general definition of disorder and its implicit, technical meaning which arises from concrete use in DSM disorders. The characteristics and limits of this technical meaning are discussed and contrasted to alternative definitions, like Wakefield’s harmful/dysfunction analysis. It is shown that Wakefield’s analysis faces internal theoretical problems in addition to practical limits for its acceptance in the DSM-V. In particular, it is shown that: a) the term dysfunction is not purely factual but intrinsically normative/evaluative; b) it is difficult to clarify what dysfunctions are in the psychiatric context (the dysfunctional mechanism involved being unknown in most cases and the use of evolutionary theory being even more problematic); c) the use of conceptual analysis and commonsense intuition to define dysfunctions leaves unsatisfied empiricists; d) it is unlikely that the authors of the DSM-V will accept Wakefield’s suggestion to revise the diagnostic criteria of any single DSM disorder in accordance with his analysis, because this is an excessively extensive change and also because this would probably reduce DSM reliability. In conclusion, it is pointed up in which sense DSM mental disorders have to be conceived as constructs, and that this undermines the realistic search for a clear-cut demarcation criterion between what is disorder and what is not.