2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2013) 15, 785–808 SPECIAL ARTICLE 2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report Rationale: This Report was developed by the Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel of the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to provide practical recommendations Margie A Scherk to help clinicians select appropriate vaccination schedules for their feline patients based DVM Dip ABVP (Feline Practice) on risk assessment. The recommendations rely on published data as much as possible, Advisory Panel Chair* catsINK, Vancouver, BC, V5N 4Z4, as well as consensus of a multidisciplinary panel of experts in immunology, infectious Canada disease, internal medicine and clinical practice. Richard B Ford DVM MS Dip ACVIM DACVPM (Hon) Department of Clinical Sciences, College CONTENTS page of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina Introduction State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA < Introduction 785 Vaccination principles 786 Rosalind M Gaskell < BVSc PhD MRCVS The AAFP produced the first organization- < General information on types Small Animal Infectious Diseases Group, driven vaccination guidelines in 1998. These of feline vaccines 787 University of Liverpool, 1 Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK were updated in 2000 and again in 2006. Each < Risk/benefit assessment 788 version has offered a comprehensive review < Vaccination recommendations Katrin Hartmann Dr Med Vet Dr Med Vet Habil of the literature and has provided recom - for specific situations Dip ECVIM-CA mendations for vaccine protocols based on – household pet cats 789 Medizinische Kleintierklinik, known science along with some extrapolation – shelter-housed cats 791 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80539, Germany between studies and between species when – cats in trap–neuter–return programs 793 feline studies were not available. This Report – cats in breeding catteries 793 Kate F Hurley DVM MPVM has used the same criteria. < Vaccine adverse events 794 Koret Shelter Medicine Program UC The practicing veterinarian is in the best < Pre-vaccination testing 795 Davis Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, position to determine how to put these < Injectable vaccine administration University of California, Davis, Guidelines into practice for an individual site recommendations 798 CA 95616, USA patient. The veterinarian should undertake a < Legal considerations associated Michael R Lappin clinical risk/benefit assessment for each ani- with vaccination 799 DVM PhD Dip ACVIM mal and discuss recommended vaccination Abbreviations used in the Report and Department of Clinical Sciences, College < of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical schedules with the owner so that they can Disease Information Fact Sheets 799 Sciences, Colorado State University, make an informed choice. The assessment < Appendix 1: Frequently asked questions Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA should include discussion on the likelihood – General FAQs 802 Julie K Levy of exposure, the health and lifestyle of the – Shelter FAQs 803 DVM PhD Dip ACVIM Maddie’s Shelter Medicine Program, animal, and the risks related to vaccination. – Trap–neuter–return FAQs 804 College of Veterinary Medicine, University The Advisory Panel recognizes that situa- – Adverse event FAQs 805 of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA tions differ in different countries, and that < Appendix 2: Vaccinations for Your Cat Susan E Little every country will have slightly different – Pet Owner Guide 807 DVM Dip ABVP (Feline Practice) issues and priorities; thus these Guidelines Bytown Cat Hospital, Ottawa, See page 799 for list of Disease Information ON, K1K 1G6, Canada will not necessarily be applicable to every Fact Sheets and other resources available Shila K Nordone country and the practitioner must interpret online as Supplementary Files. MS PhD accordingly. Department of Molecular Biomedical The three international panels that have Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, produced feline vaccination guidelines Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (AAFP, World Small Animal Veterinary of whether vaccines are administered. Andrew H Sparkes Association and European Advisory Board on While the optimal frequency of health BVetMed PhD DipECVIM MRCVS Cat Diseases) recommend that an annual examinations for cats is International Cat Care/ISFM, High Street, Tisbury, health examination be performed irrespective unknown, it is generally Wiltshire, SP3 6LD, UK *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] The AAFP welcomes endorsement of these guidelines by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM). DOI: 10.1177/1098612X13500429 JFMS CLINICAL PRACTICE © ISFM and AAFP 2013 785 S P E C I A L ARTICLE / 2013 AAFP feline vaccination guidelines Vaccination principles What’s new in this version Vaccination plays an important role in the con- < Updated recommendations on vaccination frequency and interval trol of infectious diseases, both for an individual as well as for the cat population (ie, herd < Vaccination recommendations for specific situations health). Some vaccine antigens are also used to lessen the potential for zoonotic spread of < Vaccinations for Your Cat – Pet Owner Guide disease (eg, rabies). The benefits of routine and < Frequently asked questions widespread vaccination are clear: the inci- < Considerations and management options for feline injection-site sarcoma risk reduction dence of serious disease caused by highly pathogenic organisms, such as feline parvo - At least once virus (panleukopenia), can be reduced in Information presented in depth in the populations in which widespread vaccination 2006 AAFP Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel a year, as part is practised. However, the level of protection Report1 that may be of interest to the of a routine conferred by a particular vaccine in an individ- reader includes: ual patient varies. The quality of vaccine- induced immunity in any patient is influenced < Vaccine licensing health care by a complex interaction of factors unique to < Vaccine labels program, the the individual patient, the patient’s environ- < Vaccination in kitten socialization classes vaccination ment, and the nature of the vaccine and pathogen. Precisely predicting either the out- < Appendix 1: Certificate of Exemption from Rabies Vaccination needs of all come of vaccination or subsequent exposure to a pathogen is difficult (or impossible) and, < Appendix 3: Vaccination documentation cats should be therefore, vaccination should never be offered < Appendix 4: Vaccine handling and storage reassessed, as a guarantee of protection. The risk of infection and subsequent devel- < Appendix 5: Vaccine preparation in conjunction opment of disease varies with a number of < Appendix 6: Vaccine administration tips with a factors including the age and health of the cat, This material may be found in the magnitude of exposure to the infectious agent, 2006 Guidelines posted at: comprehensive the pathogenicity of individual agents, the http://www.catvets.com/guidelines/ geographic prevalence of infection and the practice-guidelines/feline-vaccination physical vaccination history of the cat. Some of the fac- examination tors that negatively affect an individual animal’s ability to respond to vaccination include and interference from maternally derived antibod- ies (MDA), congenital or acquired immuno- accepted that healthy adult cats should be consultation. deficiency, concurrent disease or infection, examined at least once a year. In the past, inadequate nutrition, immunosuppressive annual veterinary visits were structured medications, chronic stress and an aging around vaccinations as the primary focus. immune response. Additionally, some vaccinal With the increasing body of knowledge about agents (eg, FPV) will induce a much stronger duration of immunity (DOI) from vaccina- protective immune response than others (eg, tions, their potential adverse effects, and the Figure 1 Kittens are more increased awareness of pet owners about susceptible to infection Patient risk variables to than adult cats are, and are these issues, it is clear that vaccination no a principal primary target take into consideration longer justifies the need for annual visits. population for vaccination. Practitioners are encouraged Courtesy of Dr Deb Givin < Age of cat to help cat owners understand < Health of cat the value of regular health care < Magnitude of exposure and that it ideally should be to agent proactive rather than reactive. < Agent pathogenicity A useful approach is for health < Geographic prevalence care to be tailored to the vari- < History ous feline life stages, which < MDA interference improves early recognition of < Congenital or acquired potential health-related issues immunodeficiency 2 and can facilitate treatment. < Immunosuppressive therapy A Pet Owner Guide, dis- < Concurrent disease cussing the risks and benefits < Nutritional status of vaccination, is included as < Chronic stress Appendix 2 (pages 807 and < Aging immune response 808). 786 JFMS CLINICAL PRACTICE S P E C I A L ARTICLE / 2013 AAFP feline vaccination guidelines V a c c i n a t i o n c a t e g o r i e s Core versus von-core < The Advisory Panel has revised which vaccines are risk/benefit assessment. The Advisory Panel believes considered core and non-core, recognizing that antigens that rabies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline other than feline parvovirus, herpesvirus-1 and calicivirus immunodeficiency virus (FIV), Chlamydophila felis, may not be required or available in all situations or in all Bordetella

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