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The Case of the S
THE CASE OF THE S. S. WIMBLEDON 1923 Permanent Court of International Justice (P.C.I.J.) (ser. A) No. 1 (Brief Summary and Excerpt∗) At the end of World War I, Germany and the Allied Powers signed the Peace Treaty of Versailles.1 The Treaty was punitive in nature and did not allow Germany to add any reservations or to contest any provision contained therein. The provision most directly at issue in the Wimbledon case was Article 380, which provided that "[t]he Kiel Canal and its approaches shall be maintained free and open to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations at peace with Germany on terms of entire equality.” [11] During the summer of 1920, Germany's neighbor Poland was at war with Russia, and Germany declared herself a neutral in the conflict. A French company chartered an English vessel, the S.S. Wimbledon, which the Polish government hired to carry war materiel to the Polish Naval Base at Danzig (Gdansk today). The most direct route from France to Danzig involved traveling through the English Channel into the North Sea and then through the Kiel Canal. The canal connects the North Sea to the Baltic Sea and lies just north of Hamburg with both of its banks in German territory. German money paid for its construction and German labor built it.. On the morning of March 21, 1921, the S.S. Wimbledon arrived at the entrance to the Kiel Canal. Neutrality orders issued in the summer of 1920 prohibited the transport through German territory of war materiel destined for either belligerent. -
Carbon Emissions Study in the European Straits of the PASSAGE Project
Carbon emissions study in the European Straits of the PASSAGE project Final Report Prepared for Département du Pas-de-Calais and the partners of the PASSAGE Project April 2018 Document information CLIENT Département du Pas-de-Calais - PASSAGE Project REPORT TITLE Final report PROJECT NAME Carbon emissions study in the European Straits of the PASSAGE project DATE April 2018 PROJECT TEAM I Care & Consult Mr. Léo Genin Ms. Lucie Mouthuy KEY CONTACTS Léo Genin +33 (0)4 72 12 12 35 [email protected] DISCLAIMER The project team does not accept any liability for any direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this report or its content. This report contains the results of research by the authors and is not to be perceived as the opinion of the partners of the PASSAGE Project. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank all the partners of the PASSAGE Project that contributed to the carbon emissions study. Carbon emissions study in the European Straits of the PASSAGE project Final Report 2 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Context of this study ................................................................................................................... 5 2. Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Overview of the general approach ............................................................................................. -
Traces Under Water Exploring and Protecting the Cultural Heritage in the North Sea and Baltic Sea
2019 | Discussion No. 23 Traces under water Exploring and protecting the cultural heritage in the North Sea and Baltic Sea Christian Anton | Mike Belasus | Roland Bernecker Constanze Breuer | Hauke Jöns | Sabine von Schorlemer Publication details Publisher Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V. – German National Academy of Sciences – President: Prof. Dr. Jörg Hacker Jägerberg 1, D-06108 Halle (Saale) Editorial office Christian Anton, Constanze Breuer & Johannes Mengel, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Copy deadline November 2019 Contact [email protected] Image design Sarah Katharina Heuzeroth, Hamburg Cover image Sarah Katharina Heuzeroth, Hamburg Fictitious representation of the discovery of a hand wedge using a submersible: The exploration of prehistoric landscapes in the sediments of the North Sea and Baltic Sea could one day lead to the discovery of traces of human activity or campsites. Translation GlobalSprachTeam ‒ Sassenberg+Kollegen, Berlin Proofreading Alan Frostick, Frostick & Peters, Hamburg Typesetting unicommunication.de, Berlin Print druckhaus köthen GmbH & Co. KG ISBN 978-3-8047-4070-9 Bibliographic Information of the German National Library The German National Library lists this publication in the German National Bibliography. Detailed bibliographic data are available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Suggested citation Anton, C., Belasus, M., Bernecker, R., Breuer, C., Jöns, H., & Schorlemer, S. v. (2019). Traces under water. Exploring and protecting the cultural heritage in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Halle (Saale): German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Traces under water Exploring and protecting the cultural heritage in the North Sea and Baltic Sea Christian Anton | Mike Belasus | Roland Bernecker Constanze Breuer | Hauke Jöns | Sabine von Schorlemer The Leopoldina Discussions series publishes contributions by the authors named. -
Kiel Canal - New Constructions ¾Enlargement of Eastern Part of Kiel Canal Including Substitution of Levensau Bridge ¾Deepening of Kiel Canal ¾5
PIANC - AGA Berlin 18.05.2011 • Dipl.-Ing. Sönke Meesenburg, WSD Nord Kiel Canal - New Constructions ¾Enlargement of Eastern Part of Kiel Canal including Substitution of Levensau Bridge ¾Deepening of Kiel Canal ¾5. Lock for Brunsbüttel Lock Group Introduction of Kiel Canal A good deal of information Average Profile 162 m 11 m 90 m Width 162 m/90 m Depth 11 m Length 98.637 km Two lock groups in Kiel and Brunsbüttel 12 ships sidings Hamburg 12 crossing car ferries two Tunnels Connecting the North Sea with the Baltic Sea via the 10 bridges (road and River Elbe. Δ = 260 sm railroad) Introduction of Kiel Canal History Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal Building Time: 1887-1895 Breadth 67 m / 22 m; Depth 9m 8900 workers 80 Million m³ to dispose First enlargement: Building Time: 1907-1914 Breadth 102 m / 44 m; Depth 11m 100 Million m³ to dispose Nord-Ostsee-Kanal (since 1948) Second enlargement: Building Time: 1965-2000 Facts: Breadth 162 m / 90 m; Depth 11m 50 Million m³ to dispose Introduction of Kiel Canal Traffic Maximum vessel sizes: 235 m / 32.2 m / 7 m (length/beam/draught) 175 m / 26 m / 9.5 m (length/beam/draught) Maximum air draft: 40 m ! Ship classification in 6 size classes (1 smallest, 6 biggest) Passages regulated by summation of ships Classes (e.g. 6+2=8; Maximum in average profile) Passages allowed in sidings for all classes Introduction of Kiel Canal Traffic - Statistics 180.000 Taffic (general) Kiel Canal traffic in the years 1999-2010 Traffic (passage) 160.000 Cargo (x 1000t) General Cargo (x 1000 t) Passage 140.000 BRZ, general BRZ, passage 120.000 Rising traffic and 100.000 tonnage since the late 90ies. -
Through the Kiel Canal to Wilhelmshaven
From the Kiel Fjord to the Jade Bay Through the Kiel Canal to Wilhelmshaven Sat 19 September 2020 Fri 25 September 2020 Join the Eye of the Wind's crew on a trip through the middle of Schleswig-Holstein. On the Kiel Canal, we'll pass under ten high bridges and experience the never-ending stream of container and cruise ships, pleasure boats and ferries on the world's busiest artificial waterway. At the end of our journey, we'll reach the Outer Elbe, the North Sea and the Weser estuary before docking at the destination port of Wilhelmshaven. This is where you will embark: Kiel Holtenau Our crew will welcome you on board in Holtenau, on the western shore of the Kiel Fjord. Embarkation takes place at 19:00 hours. After a welcome drink and dinner in the comfortable lounge, you will soon feel at home on the Eye of the Wind's deck and get to know your fellow sailors. During the day, you can watch vessels of all kinds and sizes – from sports yachts to ocean liners – passing by on the world's busiest artificial waterway. On an evening walk to the small Holtenau lighthouse (pictured right), you will get a taste of the nostalgic harbour atmosphere – often, numerous old cargo ships and schooners are anchored on the quay at dusk. Across Schleswig-Holstein Around 40,000 ships sail along the Kiel Canal every year – this is almost three times the number of vessels than on the Panama Canal or the Suez Canal. Ship enthusiasts can look forward to numerous photo opportunities. -
General Info About Kiel-Canal Transits
Maklerstraße 11 -14 . D -24159 Kiel Phone +49 (0) 431 -3 01 07 -0 E-Mail [email protected] Fax +49 (0) 431-3 05 33 85 www.kiel-canal.de Schleuse . D -25541 Brunsbüttel Phone +49 (0) 48 52 -83 09 -0 E-Mail [email protected] Fax +49 (0) 48 52-83 09-20 www.kiel-canal.de General Information about Kiel-Canal transits - part I The Kiel-Canal passage can be performed at any time and usually immediately upon vessel’s arrival - no convoy-traffic. Transit from lock to lock has to be calculated with approx. 8 hours depending on the traffic situation and including time needed for passing the locks of Kiel-Holtenau and Brunsbüttel. There are no special documents required for the Kiel-Canal transit. Our waterclerks will board the vessel upon arrival locks for clearance. The Master is requested to present the original International Tonnage Certificate, having a copy of same available and a copy of crewlist for Immigration officers. Tug-assistance is generally not compulsory, but sometimes ordered by the Master in order to ensure a safe approach - especially in Brunsbüttel due to current/tide in River Elbe. Vessels transitting in traffic group 6 (vessel's dimensions exceeding a length of 200 metres and/or a breadth of 27 metres) have to accept tug-assistance when approaching Brunsbüttel locks from River Elbe. SECA: The Baltic Sea and the North Sea are defined as SOx Emission Control Area (SECA) where vessels trading within shall fulfil at least one of the following conditions w.e.f. -
Germany and the Investigation of the Baltic Sea Hydrography During the 19 Th and Early 20 Th Century
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MARINE SCIENCE REPORTS No. 83 Germany and the investigation of the Baltic Sea th th hydrography during the 19 and early 20 century by Wolfgang Matthäus Publications on the history of the marine research in Warnemün de/Germany by Wolfgang Matthäus Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestraße 15, 1811 9 Rostock , Germany Corresponding address : wolfgang.matthaeus@io -warnemuende.de Leibniz -Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde Warnemünde 20 10 Meereswiss. Ber., Warnemünde 83 (2010) MATTHÄUS, W.: Germany and the investigation of the Baltic Sea hydrography during the 19th and early 20th century C o n t e n t s Page Abstract 3 Kurzfassung 3 1. Introduction 4 2. The early observations 5 2.1 Measurements of water temperature 5 2.2 Analyses and measurements of salinity 8 3. HEINRICH ADOLPH MEYER and the Baltic Sea research 17 4. The Baltic Sea expedition of the steamer Pommerania in 1871 25 4.1 The difficult preparatory work 25 4.2 The expedition 27 4.3 Results of the hydrographic observations 29 5. Activities of GUSTAV KARSTEN in Baltic Sea research 35 5.1 KARSTEN’s way to oceanography 35 5.2 KARSTEN’s oceanographic interests and the German coastal station network 37 6. The Baltic Sea cruises of the steamer Holsatia in 1887 and 1901/1902 41 7. OTTO KRÜMMEL’s contributions to Baltic Sea research 44 7.1 His oceanographic activities in Kiel 44 7.2 KRÜMMEL’s investigation in Baltic hydrography 49 7.3 OTTO KRÜMMEL and the international cooperation 54 8. The role of Germany in the foundation of ICES 56 9. -
Draft Agenda
17th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC17/Doc.6-08 (S) rev.2 UN Campus, Bonn, Germany, 4-6 October 2010 Dist. 06 October 2010 Agenda Item 6.1 Project Funding through ASCOBANS Progress of Supported Projects Document 6-08 rev.2 Interim Project Report: Review of Trend Analyses in the ASCOBANS Area Action Requested Take note of the report Comment Submitted by Secretariat NOTE: IN THE INTERESTS OF ECONOMY, DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REMINDED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING Secretariat’s Note Comments received by the author during the 17th Meeting of the ACOBANS Advisory Committee were incorporated in this revision. REVIEW OF CETACEAN TREND ANALYSES IN THE ASCOBANS AREA Peter G.H. Evans1, 2 1 Sea Watch Foundation, Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey LL68 9SD, Wales, UK 2 School of Ocean Sciences, University of Bangor, Menai Bridge, Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB, Wales, UK . 1. Introduction The 16th Meeting of the Advisory Committee recommended that a review of trend analyses of stranding and other data on small cetaceans in the ASCOBANS area be carried out. The ultimate aim is to provide on an annual basis AC members with an accessible, readable and succinct overview of trends in status, distribution and impacts of small cetaceans within the ASCOBANS Agreement Area. This should combine data sets of different stakeholders and countries. 2. Terms of Reference To achieve the above aim of the project, a three-staged process was proposed: Step 1: Identify where data of interest (e.g. stranding data, but also data on -
Kiel University
LAST UPDATED: JAN. 2017 KIEL UNIVERSITY CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITÄT ZU KIEL (full legal name of the institution) ERASMUS-Code D KIEL 01 ECHE 28321 PIC 999839529 Websites http://www.uni-kiel.de http://www.international.uni-kiel.de Postal address Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel International Center, Westring 400, 24118 Kiel, Germany INTERNATIONAL CENTER ERASMUS-Institutional Coordinators Antje VOLLAND, M.A. and Dr. Elisabeth GRUNWALD (Mobility and agreements) Tel.: +49(0)431 880-3717 Fax: +49(0)431 880-7307 [email protected] (same contact) ERASMUS-Incomings Susan BRODE Tel.: +49(0)431 880-1843 [email protected] APPLICATION INFORMATION FOR INCOMING STUDENTS Academic Calendar / Lecture Time Winter Semester 2017/18: 16th Oct 2017 – 14th Feb 2018 („Vorlesungszeiten“) Summer Semester 2018: 2nd Apr 2017 – 20th July 2018 Application Deadline for Winter Semester: 15th June ERASMUS-Students (Incomings) Summer Semester: 15th January How to apply http://www.international.uni-kiel.de/en/application- admission/application-admission/erasmus-incoming Language Requirements - B1 German OR English. For Medicine: B2 German Course Schedule (“Vorlesungsverzeichnis”) http://univis.uni-kiel.de/form Special Courses for Incomings http://www.international.uni-kiel.de/en/study-in- kiel?set_language=en International Study Programs http://www.international.uni-kiel.de/en/application- admission/application-admission/english- master?set_language=en LAST UPDATED: JAN. 2017 INFORMATION FOR ACCEPTED STUDENTS Registration (“Einschreibung”) -
Sixth Workshop on Baltic Sea Ice Climate August 25–28, 2008 Lammi Biological Station, Finland
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS REPORT SERIES IN GEOPHYSICS No 61 Proceedings of The Sixth Workshop on Baltic Sea Ice Climate August 25–28, 2008 Lammi Biological Station, Finland HELSINKI 2009 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS REPORT SERIES IN GEOPHYSICS No 61 Cover: Participants of the workshop in front of the main building of Lammi biological station (Eija Riihiranta). Proceedings of The Sixth Workshop on Baltic Sea Ice Climate August 25–28, 2008 Lammi Biological Station, Finland HELSINKI 2009 2 Preface The importance of sea ice in the Baltic Sea has been addressed in the Baltic Sea Ice Workshops. The ice has been identified as a key element in the water and energy cycles and ecological state of the Baltic Sea. The variability in sea ice conditions is high and due to the short thermal memory of the Baltic Sea closely connected to the actual weather conditions. The spatial and temporal long-term variability of the ice cover has been discussed in the Baltic Sea Ice Workshops. One motivation of the workshop series, which started in 1993, was that sea ice is not properly treated in Baltic Sea research in general although the ice season has a major role in the annual cycle of the Baltic Sea. This still holds true, which is a severe bias since in environmental problems, such as oil spill accidents in winter and long term transport of pollutants, the ice conditions play a critically important role. Also in regional climate changes the Baltic Sea ice cover is a sensitive key factor. In the Baltic Sea Ice Climate Workshops these topics have been extensively discussed, in addition to basic Baltic Sea ice science questions. -
Dokument in Microsoft Internet Explorer
20th Baltic Sea Ice Meeting (BSIM-20) paragraph4 International fairway sections and areas for ice report in Baltic Sea Ice Code Valid from Ice Season 2001/2002 DENMARK FAIRWAY SECTIONS AND AREAS FOR ICE REPORT AA 1 Sea area N of Hammeren BB 1 Sea area W of Ven 2 Fairway to Rönne 2 Sea area E of Ven 3 Sea area between Rönne and 3 Sea area off Helsingör Falsterbo 4 Sea area off Falsterbo 4 Sea area off Nakkehoved 5 Fairway through Drogden 5 Sea area S of Hesselö 6 Fairway to Köbenhavn 6 Fairway to Isefjord – Kyndby Verket CC 1 Sea area off Mön lighthouse Route T DD 1 Agersösund – Stignaes 2 Sea area S of Gedser Route T 2 Storebaelt channel, western part 3 Sea area S of Rödby harbour 3 Storebaelt channel, eastern part Route T 4 Sea area SE of Keldsnor Route T 4 Sea area E of Romsö Route T 5 Sea area off Spodsbjerg Route T 5 Fairway to Kalundborg –oilharbour 6 Sea area W of Omö Route T 6 Sea area W of Rösnaes Route T EE 1 Sea area W of Sjaellands rev Route T FF 1 Southern entrance to Lillebaelt, Skjoldnaes 2 Sea area W of Hesselö Route T 2 Sea area off Helnaes 3 Sea area E of Anholt Route T 3 Fairway to Åbenrå –Enstedvaerket 4 Sea area W of Fladen lighthouse Route T 4 Sea area off Assens 5 Sea area NW of Kummelbank Route T 5 Kolding Yderfjord to the bridges 6 Sea area N of Skagen Route T 6 Fairway to Esbjerg GG 1 Fairway at Fredricia to the bridges HH 1 Sea area off Fornaes 2 Sea area N of Aebelö 2 Fairway to Randers 3 Fairway to Odense 3 Entrance at Hals Barre 4 Sea area at Vesborg lighthouse 4 Fairway to Aalborg 5 Sea area S of Sletterhage -
Wilhelm Ii, Edward Vii, and Anglo-German Relations, 1888-1910
ROYAL PAINS: WILHELM II, EDWARD VII, AND ANGLO-GERMAN RELATIONS, 1888-1910 A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Christopher M. Bartone August, 2012 ROYAL PAINS: WILHELM II, EDWARD VII, AND ANGLO-GERMAN RELATIONS, 1888-1910 Christopher M. Bartone Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Dean of the College Dr. Shelley Baranowski Dr. Chand Midha _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Stephen Harp Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ _______________________________ Department Chair Date Dr. Martin Wainwright ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………1 II. FAMILY TIES................................................................................................................9 Edward and Queen Victoria……………………………………………………….9 Wilhelm and Queen Victoria…………………………………………………….13 Bertie and Willy………………………………………………………………….17 Relations with Other Heads of State…………………………………………….23 III. PARADIGM SHIFT…………………………………………………………………30 Anglo-German Relations, 1888-1900……………………………………………30 King Edward’s Diplomacy………………………………………………………35 The Russo-Japanese War and Beyond………………………………………….39 IV. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………51 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………56 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Scholars view the Anglo-German rivalry of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century,