DOCSLIB.ORG

Elevated Endogenous SDHA Drives Pathological Metabolism in Highly Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elevated Endogenous SDHA Drives Pathological Metabolism in Highly Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Elevated Endogenous SDHA Drives Pathological Metabolism in Highly Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Chandrani Chattopadhyay,1 Junna Oba,1 Jason Roszik,1,2 Joseph R. Marszalek,3 Ken Chen,4 Yuan Qi,4 Karina Eterovic,4 A. Gordon Robertson,5 Jared K. Burks,6 Tara A. McCannel,7 Elizabeth A. Grimm,1 and Scott E. Woodman1,8 1Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States 2Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States 3Institute of Applied Cancer Science & Center for Co-Clinical Trials, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States 4Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States 5Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 6Leukemia, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States 7Stein Eye and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States 8Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States Correspondence: Scott E. Woodman, PURPOSE. Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) has a very poor prognosis and no effective therapy. The University of Texas MD Ander- Despite remarkable advances in treatment of cutaneous melanoma, UM remains recalcitrant son Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin to chemotherapy, small-molecule kinase inhibitors, and immune-based therapy. Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA; [email protected]. METHODS. We assessed two sets of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) genes within 9858 Chandrani Chattopadhyay, The Uni- tumors across 31 cancer types. An OxPhos inhibitor was used to characterize differential versity of Texas MD Anderson Can- metabolic programming of highly metastatic monosomy 3 (M3) UM. Seahorse analysis and cer Center, 1515 Holcombe global metabolomics profiling were done to identify metabolic vulnerabilities. Analyses of UM Boulevard, Houston, TX 77025, USA; TCGA data set were performed to determine expressions of key OxPhos effectors in M3 and [email protected] non-M3 UM. We used targeted knockdown of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) to JO and JR contributed equally to the determine the role of SDHA in M3 UM in conferring resistance to OxPhos inhibition. work presented here and should therefore be regarded as equivalent RESULTS. We identified UM to have among the highest median OxPhos levels and showed that authors. M3 UM exhibits a distinct metabolic profile. M3 UM shows markedly low succinate levels and has highly increased levels of SDHA, the enzyme that couples the tricarboxylic acid cycle with Submitted: July 26, 2019 OxPhos by oxidizing (lowering) succinate. We showed that SDHA-high M3 UM have elevated Accepted: September 1, 2019 expression of key OxPhos molecules, exhibit abundant mitochondrial reserve respiratory Citation: Chattopadhyay C, Oba J, capacity, and are resistant to OxPhos antagonism, which can be reversed by SDHA Roszik J, et al. Elevated endogenous knockdown. SDHA drives pathological metabolism in highly metastatic uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS. Our study has identified a critical metabolic program within poor prognostic Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. M3 UM. In addition to the heightened mitochondrial functional capacity due to elevated 2019;60:4187–4195. https://doi.org/ SDHA, M3 UM SDHA-high mediate resistance to therapy that is reversible with targeted 10.1167/iovs.19-28082 treatment. Keywords: uveal melanoma, SDHA, OxPhos, mitochondrial metabolism, monosomy 3 veal melanoma (UM), which arises from melanocytes in the mitochondria.6 The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase A U uveal tract, is the most common intraocular cancer of the (SDHA), a component of Complex II of the electron transport adult eye.1 Although primary disease in the eye can be chain (ETC), is a fundamental link between the TCA cycle and effectively treated, half of UM patients develop distant OxPhos. As part of the TCA cycle, SDHA oxidizes succinate, metastatic disease, often to the liver, with a median survival 2,3 which reduces FAD to FADH2, liberating two electrons. As a of less than 12 months. The loss of one copy of component of the ETC, SDHA ensures that these electrons are chromosome 3 (Chr3) in a primary UM tumor, referred to as shuttled through Ubiquinone to Cytochrome C (CYC1), monosomy 3 (M3), is associated with metastasis and poor facilitating OxPhos. Recent studies show that SDHA is a major prognosis.4 More than 90% of metastatic UM is M3. In source of OxPhos reserve respiratory capacity to support cell contrast,primaryUMwithanormalcomplementoftwo 7 copies of Chr3, referred to as disomy 3 (D3), rarely survival in noncancer cells. Loss-of-function mutations in metastasizes. In some cases, the single Chr3 in M3 UM SDHA, or other alterations in Complex II, result in elevated undergoes a duplication, termed isodisomy 3 (iD3). Dysregu- succinate, which serves as an oncometabolite. Thus, SDHA lated mitochondrial metabolism is a hallmark of cancer.5 plays a fundamental role in normal and cancer-related Specifically, cancer cells show remarkable metabolic repro- metabolism. In this study, we explored the metabolic features gramming through alterations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) that underlie metastasis-prone UMs and identified critical cycle and/or oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) within features that may serve as precise therapeutic targets for UM. Copyright 2019 The Authors iovs.arvojournals.org j ISSN: 1552-5783 4187 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Downloaded from iovs.arvojournals.org on 09/25/2021 High SDHA in Metastatic UM Drives Pathological Metabolism IOVS j October 2019 j Vol. 60 j No. 13 j 4188 MATERIALS AND METHODS enrichment assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using specific primers designed by Roche Nimblegen. The cutoff Reagents for OxPhos Inhibition, Mito Stress Test, for the enrichment was a minimum 50-fold. Captured libraries and Antibodies were sequenced on a HiSeq 4000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) on a version 3 TruSeq paired-end flowcell at a IACS-010759, a small-molecule inhibitor of Complex I of cluster density of between 700 and 1000 K clusters/mm2.The OxPhos, was a generous gift of the Institute of Applied Cancer resulting BCL files were converted into ‘‘.fastq.gz’’ files and 8 Science (IACS) at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center. The SDHA individual libraries within the samples were demultiplexed, antibody was obtained from ABCAM (#ab14715; Abcam, allowing no mismatches, using CASAVA 1.8.2. The captured Cambridge, MA, USA). The Mito Stress Kit was obtained from sequencing data was aligned17 to human reference assembly Agilent Technologies (Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit, GRCh37 (ftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nih.gov/1000genomes/ftp/tech #103015–100; Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). nical/reference/phase2_reference_assembly_sequence/hs3 7d5.fa.gz) using BWA (version 0.6.2) and duplicated reads Cell Lines removed using Picard (version 1.80). In preliminary data analysis we called single nucleotide variants and small indels Cell line 39 (official name: Mel20–06–039, RRID: using an in-house developed analysis pipeline, which CVCL_8473),9,10 70 (official name: Mel20–07–070, 9,10 classifies variants into three categories: somatic, germline, RRID:CVCL_8475), and 196 (official name Mel20–09–196, and loss-of-heterozygosity, based on variant allele frequencies. RRID:CVCL_D715)10 were obtained from Dr. Tara A. McCan- 11 We compared these variants with dbSNP 138, COSMIC 70, nel. Cell line OMM-1 (RRID:CVCL_6939), Mel202 and TCGA databases, and annotated them using the VEP (RRID:CVCL_C301),11 92–1 (RRID:CVCL_8607),11 and 11 (version 2.7), Annovar (version 2014–07–14), and CanDrA Mel270 (RRID:CVCL_C302) were kindly provided by Drs. (version 1.1) programs. Specific copy number alterations and Martine Jager and Bruce Ksander. Cell line MP41 (RRID: 12 B allele frequency (BAF) were analyzed using Nexus Copy CVCL_4D12) and MP46 (RRID:CVCL_4D13) were generous Number Discovery Version 9.0 (BioDiscovery, Inc., El gifts from Dr. Laurence Desjardins. Additional UM cell line Segundo, CA, USA). Previously aligned BAM files of tumor information is provided in the references.13–16 samples (from the targeted sequencing pipeline) were loaded asinput,andpseudo-matchedpairedanalyseswerecarried Cell Culture out using a nontumor sequencing database from IPCT that UM cells were cultured in RPMI media with 10% FBS, contained data from more than 5000 normal samples. For glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin and insulin supplement, copy number analysis, log2-ratio cutoffs of 0.18 and 0.6 were under ambient oxygen at 378C. Hypoxic culture conditions used for amplified and highly amplified status, and À0.18 and À1.0 were used for deletion and homozygous-deletion status, (1% O2) were enforced when required in the MCO-170M IncuSafe Multigas Incubator (Panasonic, Kadoma, Japan). respectively. For BAF analysis, only SNP loci in the general Treatment with IACS-010759 was done in normal culture population were used. Reads with alignment quality score media. less than 30, and loci with sequencing quality score less than 20 or read depth less than 20, were filtered out. For each locus, the number of alleles with largest count was divided by Cell Line Validation the total count of all alleles, then subtracted from 1 to obtain Cell lines were validated by short random repeat (STR) DNA BAF. fingerprinting techniques and mutational analysis, by the MDACC Cancer Center Support Grant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Metabolic Targets of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondria
    antioxidants Review Metabolic Targets of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondria Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez 1,2,*, Pilar González-García 1,2, María Elena Díaz-Casado 1,2, Eliana Barriocanal-Casado 1,2, Sergio López-Herrador 1,2, Catarina M. Quinzii 3 and Luis C. López 1,2,* 1 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (P.G.-G.); [email protected] (M.E.D.-C.); [email protected] (E.B.-C.); [email protected] (S.L.-H.) 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain 3 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.H.-G.); [email protected] (L.C.L.); Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext. 20197) (L.C.L.) Abstract: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is classically viewed as an important endogenous antioxidant and key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. For this second function, CoQ molecules seem to be dynamically segmented in a pool attached and engulfed by the super-complexes I + III, and a free pool available for complex II or any other mitochondrial enzyme that uses CoQ as a cofactor. This CoQ-free pool is, therefore, used by enzymes that link the mitochondrial respiratory chain to other pathways, such as the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism, glycine metabolism, proline, glyoxylate and arginine metabolism, and sulfide oxidation Citation: Hidalgo-Gutiérrez, A.; metabolism. Some of these mitochondrial pathways are also connected to metabolic pathways González-García, P.; Díaz-Casado, in other compartments of the cell and, consequently, CoQ could indirectly modulate metabolic M.E.; Barriocanal-Casado, E.; López-Herrador, S.; Quinzii, C.M.; pathways located outside the mitochondria.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
    life Review Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Leticia V. R. Franco 1,2,* , Luca Bremner 1 and Mario H. Barros 2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Microbiology,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 October 2020; Accepted: 19 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: The ease with which the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically and biochemically has established this organism as a good model for the study of human mitochondrial diseases. The combined use of biochemical and molecular genetic tools has been instrumental in elucidating the functions of numerous yeast nuclear gene products with human homologs that affect a large number of metabolic and biological processes, including those housed in mitochondria. These include structural and catalytic subunits of enzymes and protein factors that impinge on the biogenesis of the respiratory chain. This article will review what is currently known about the genetics and clinical phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, with special emphasis on the contribution of information gained from pet mutants with mutations in nuclear genes that impair mitochondrial respiration. Our intent is to provide the yeast mitochondrial specialist with basic knowledge of human mitochondrial pathologies and the human specialist with information on how genes that directly and indirectly affect respiration were identified and characterized in yeast. Keywords: mitochondrial diseases; respiratory chain; yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; pet mutants 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitochondrial Diseases: Expanding the Diagnosis in the Era of Genetic Testing
    Saneto. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:384-428 Journal of Translational DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.40 Genetics and Genomics Review Open Access Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing Russell P. Saneto1,2 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. 2Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Correspondence to: Dr. Russell P. Saneto, Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/ University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. E-mail: [email protected] How to cite this article: Saneto RP. Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:348-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2020.40 Received: 29 Jun 2020 First Decision: 27 Jul 2020 Revised: 15 Aug 2020 Accepted: 21 Aug 2020 Available online: 29 Sep 2020 Academic Editor: Andrea L. Gropman Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu Abstract Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. These diseases were initially described a little over three decades ago. Limited diagnostic tools created disease descriptions based on clinical, biochemical analytes, neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy findings. This diagnostic mechanism continued to evolve detection of inherited oxidative phosphorylation disorders and expanded discovery of mitochondrial physiology over the next two decades. Limited genetic testing hampered the definitive diagnostic identification and breadth of diseases. Over the last decade, the development and incorporation of massive parallel sequencing has identified approximately 300 genes involved in mitochondrial disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomics Reveals That Methylmalonyl-Coa Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Proteomics Reveals that Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress 1,2, 1,2, 1,2 3 Michele Costanzo y , Marianna Caterino y , Armando Cevenini , Vincent Jung , Cerina Chhuon 3, Joanna Lipecka 3, Roberta Fedele 2 , Ida Chiara Guerrera 3,* and Margherita Ruoppolo 1,2,* 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (A.C.) 2 CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 3 Proteomics Platform Necker, Université de Paris—Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Inserm US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015 Paris, France; [email protected] (V.J.); [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (J.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.C.G.); [email protected] (M.R.); Tel.: +39-081-373-7850 (M.R.) These authors equally contributed to this work. y Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 13 July 2020; Published: 15 July 2020 Abstract: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) enzyme. Downstream MUT deficiency, methylmalonic acid accumulates together with toxic metabolites from propionyl-CoA and other compounds upstream of the block in the enzyme pathway. The presentation is with life-threatening acidosis, respiratory distress, brain disturbance, hyperammonemia, and ketosis. Survivors develop poorly understood multi-organ damage, notably to the brain and kidneys. The HEK 293 cell line was engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the MUT gene (MUT-KO).
    [Show full text]
  • COQ6 Gene Coenzyme Q6, Monooxygenase
    COQ6 gene coenzyme Q6, monooxygenase Normal Function The COQ6 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that carries out one step in the production of a molecule called coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 has several critical functions in cells throughout the body. In cell structures called mitochondria, coenzyme Q10 plays an essential role in a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which converts the energy from food into a form cells can use. Coenzyme Q10 is also involved in producing pyrimidines, which are building blocks of DNA, its chemical cousin RNA, and molecules such as ATP and GTP that serve as energy sources in the cell. In cell membranes, coenzyme Q10 acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by unstable oxygen-containing molecules (free radicals), which are byproducts of energy production. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency At least seven mutations in the COQ6 gene have been found to cause a disorder known as primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. This rare disease usually becomes apparent in infancy or early childhood, but it can occur at any age. It can affect many parts of the body, most often the brain, muscles, and kidneys. The COQ6 gene mutations associated with this disorder result in a COQ6 enzyme with an abnormal structure that likely impairs its function, leading to reduced production of coenzyme Q10. Studies suggest that a shortage (deficiency) of coenzyme Q10 impairs oxidative phosphorylation and increases the vulnerability of cells to damage from free radicals. A deficiency of coenzyme Q10 may also disrupt the production of pyrimidines. These changes can cause cells throughout the body to malfunction, which may help explain the variety of organs and tissues that can be affected by primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Coenzyme Q Biosynthetic Proteins Assemble in a Substrate-Dependent Manner Into Domains at ER– Mitochondria Contacts
    ARTICLE Coenzyme Q biosynthetic proteins assemble in a substrate-dependent manner into domains at ER– mitochondria contacts Kelly Subramanian1, Adam Jochem2, Maxence Le Vasseur1*, Samantha Lewis1*, Brett R. Paulson2, Thiruchelvi R. Reddy2, Jason D. Russell2,5, Joshua J. Coon2,4,5,6, David J. Pagliarini2,3, and Jodi Nunnari1 Coenzyme Q (CoQ) lipids are ancient electron carriers that, in eukaryotes, function in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In mitochondria, CoQ lipids are built by an inner membrane–associated, multicomponent, biosynthetic pathway via successive steps of isoprenyl tail polymerization, 4-hydroxybenzoate head-to-tail attachment, and head modification, resulting in the production of CoQ. In yeast, we discovered that head-modifying CoQ pathway components selectively colocalize to multiple resolvable domains in vivo, representing supramolecular assemblies. In cells engineered with conditional ON or OFF CoQ pathways, domains were strictly correlated with CoQ production and substrate flux, respectively, indicating that CoQ lipid intermediates are required for domain formation. Mitochondrial CoQ domains were also observed in human cells, underscoring their conserved functional importance. CoQ domains within cells were highly enriched adjacent to ER– mitochondria contact sites. Together, our data suggest that CoQ domains function to facilitate substrate accessibility for processive and efficient CoQ production and distribution in cells. Introduction Mitochondria possess a protein-dense inner membrane organized Metabolic pathways
    [Show full text]
  • Rescue of Primary Ubiquinone Deficiency Due to a Novel COQ7 Defect Using 2,4–Dihydroxybensoic Acid
    Therapeutics J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-102986 on 17 June 2015. Downloaded from SHORT REPORT Rescue of primary ubiquinone deficiency due to a novel COQ7 defect using 2,4–dihydroxybensoic acid Christoph Freyer,1,2 Henrik Stranneheim,1,3 Karin Naess,1,4 Arnaud Mourier,5 Andrea Felser,4 Camilla Maffezzini,2 Nicole Lesko,1,4 Helene Bruhn,1,4 Martin Engvall,1,6 Rolf Wibom,1,4 Michela Barbaro,1,6 Yvonne Hinze,5 Måns Magnusson,3 Robin Andeer,3 Rolf H Zetterström,1,6 Ulrika von Döbeln,1,4 Anna Wredenberg,1,2 Anna Wedell1,2,3 ▸ Additional material is ABSTRACT other mitochondrial dehydrogenases, and functions in published online only. To view Background Coenzyme Q is an essential mitochondrial lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma mem- please visit the journal online electron carrier, redox cofactor and a potent antioxidant branes. Furthermore, CoQ is the only lipid-soluble (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ 2 jmedgenet-2015-102986). in the majority of cellular membranes. Coenzyme Q antioxidant synthesised entirely by animal cells. deficiency has been associated with a range of CoQ levels naturally diminish with age,2 but For numbered affiliations see 10 end of article. metabolic diseases, as well as with some drug can also be decreased due to treatments with, for treatments and ageing. example, statins due to a shared biosynthesis 3 Correspondence to Methods We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to pathway with cholesterol. Additionally, CoQ10 Dr Anna Wredenberg, Division investigate patients with inherited metabolic diseases deficiencies (MIM 607426, 614651, 614652, for Metabolic Diseases, and applied a novel ultra-pressure liquid chromatography 612016, 614654, 614650) have been reported in a Department of Laboratory — Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, mass spectrometry approach to measure coenzyme Q range of patients with inborn errors of metabol- 4 Stockholm, Sweden; in patient samples.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genome Wide Copper-Sensitized Screen Identifies Novel Regulators of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.31.424969; this version posted January 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Genetic regulators of mitochondrial copper A genome wide copper-sensitized screen identifies novel regulators of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity Natalie M. Garza1, Aaron T. Griffin1,2, Mohammad Zulkifli1, Chenxi Qiu1,3, Craig D. Kaplan1,4, Vishal M. Gohil*1 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 2Present Address: Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA 3Present Address: Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA 4Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA *To whom the correspondence should be addressed: Vishal M. Gohil, 301 Old Main Drive, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA; Email: [email protected]; Tel: (979) 847-6138; Fax: (979) 845-9274 Running Title: Genetic regulators of mitochondrial copper Keywords: Copper, mitochondria, vacuole, cytochrome c oxidase, pH, AP-3, Rim20, Rim21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.31.424969; this version posted January 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Organisms
    Title: Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency GeneReview – Model Organisms Authors: Salviati L, Trevisson E, Doimo M, Navas P Initial posting: January 2017 Note: The following information is provided by the authors and has been minimally reviewed by GeneReviews staff. Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency – Model Organisms PDSS1 PDSS2 COQ2 COQ6 ADCK3 ADCK4 COQ9 PDSS1 The p.Asp308Glu missense variant in PDSS1 causes a loss of function of the protein as proved by the lack of complementation in a yeast model: the respiratory defective phenotype of a yeast strain with a deletion of the gene coq1 can be restored by the wild- type but not by the mutant yeast gene harboring the variant equivalent to human p.Asp308Glu pathogenic variant [Mollet et al 2007]. PDSS2 A spontaneous mutant mouse model kd (kidney disease) harbors a homozygous pathogenic missense variant in PDSS2 changing the highly conserved Val177 residue with a methionine [Peng et al 2008]. The Pdss2kd/kd mouse developed a glomerulopathy in early adulthood with CoQ deficiency in the kidney that dramatically responds to CoQ supplementation, recapitulating the human disease [Saiki et al 2008]. Another mouse model with conditional knockout of PDSS2 in the cerebellum developed severe cerebellar hypoplasia with disorganized cell arrangement and ataxia [Lu et al 2012]; the effect of CoQ supplementation was not analyzed. COQ2 Normal gene product. In vitro import studies in yeast demonstrated that Coq2 is imported and fully processed within mitochondria [Leuenberger et al 1999]. COQ6 Normal gene product. Isoform a -but not isoform b -can complement the deletion of the yeast orthologue Coq6 [Doimo et al 2014]. The S.
    [Show full text]
  • Genepanel Mitochondrial Diseases Genepanel Paediatric Cardiomyopathy AARS2 AARS2 ABAT ABCC6 ACAD9 ABCC9 ACO2 ACAD8 AFG3L2 ACAD9
    Supplementary material J Med Genet Genepanel mitochondrial diseases Genepanel paediatric cardiomyopathy AARS2 AARS2 ABAT ABCC6 ACAD9 ABCC9 ACO2 ACAD8 AFG3L2 ACAD9 AGK ACADS AIFM1 ACADVL ALDH1B1 ACTA1 ANO10 ACTC1 APOPT1 ACTN2 APTX ADCY5 ATAD3A AGK ATAD3B AGL ATP13A2 AGPAT2 ATP5F1A AHCY ATP5F1B AIP ATP5F1C ALG1 ATP5F1D ALG6 ATP5F1E ALMS1 ATP5IF1 ALPK3 ATP5MC1 ANKRD1 ATP5MC2 ANKRD11 ATP5MC3 ANKS6 ATP5ME ANO5 ATP5MF APOPT1 ATP5MG ARSB ATP5MGL ASNA1 ATP5PB ATP5E ATP5PD ATP6V1B2 ATP5PF ATPAF2 ATP5PO BAG3 ATP5S BBS2 ATPAF1 BCS1L ATPAF2 BOLA3 BCS1L BRAF BOLA1 BRCA2 BOLA2 BRCC3 BOLA3 BRIP1 C12orf65 BSCL2 C19orf12 C10ORF2 C19orf70 CALR3 C1QBP CASQ1 CA5A CAV1 CARS2 CAV3 CEP89 CDKN1C CHCHD10 CHKB CHKB CHRM2 CLPB CISD2 CLPP COA5 Almomani R, et al. J Med Genet 2019; 0:1–8. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106330 Supplementary material J Med Genet COA1 COA6 COA3 COG7 COA5 COL7A1 COA6 COQ2 COA7 COQ4 COASY COX10 COQ2 COX14 COQ4 COX20 COQ5 COX6B1 COQ6 COX7B COQ7 CPT1A COQ8A CPT2 COQ8B CRYAB COQ9 CSRP3 COX10 CTNNA3 COX14 D2HGDH COX15 DCAF8 COX20 DCHS1 COX4I1 DES COX4I2 DLD COX5A DMD COX5B DMPK COX6A1 DNAJC19 COX6A2 DOLK COX6B1 DPM3 COX6B2 DSC2 COX6C DSG2 COX7A1 DSP COX7A2 DTNA COX7B DYSF COX7B2 ELAC2 COX7C EMD COX8A ENPP1 COX8C EPG5 CP ERBB3 CTBP1 ERCC4 CYC1 EYA4 CYCS FAH DARS2 FANCA DCAF17 FANCB DDHD1 FANCC DES FANCD2 DGUOK FANCE DHTKD1 FANCF DLAT FANCG DLD FANCI DLST FANCL DMAC1 FANCM DMAC2 FASTKD2 DNA2 FBN1 Almomani R, et al. J Med Genet 2019; 0:1–8. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106330 Supplementary material J Med Genet DNAJC19 FBXL4 DNAJC3 FHL1 DNM1L FHL2 EARS2 FIG4 ECHS1 FKRP ECSIT FKTN EHHADH FLNA ELAC2 FLNC ERAL1 FOS ETHE1 FOXD4 FA2H FOXRED1 FARS2 FTO FASTKD2 FXN FBXL4 GAA FDX2 GATA4 FDXR GATAD1 FH GATB FOXRED1 GATC FTL GBE1 FXN GJA5 GARS GLA GATB GLB1 GATC GMPPB GATM GNAS GFER GNPTAB GFM1 GNS GFM2 GPC3 GLRX5 GPR101 GLUD1 GSN GTPBP2 GTPBP3 GTPBP3 GYS1 HARS2 HADH HCCS HADHA HIBCH HADHB HLCS HAMP HSD17B10 HBB HSPA9 HCCS HSPD1 HCN4 HTRA2 HFE IARS2 HFE2 IBA57 HGSNAT ISCA2 HPS1 ISCU HRAS KARS HSD17B10 LACTB HSPB6 LARS2 IDH2 LIAS IDUA LIPT1 IGF2 LIPT2 ILK LONP1 ISL1 Almomani R, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Riboflavin Metabolism: Role in Mitochondrial Function
    Balasubramaniam et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:285-306 Journal of Translational DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.34 Genetics and Genomics Review Open Access Riboflavin metabolism: role in mitochondrial function Shanti Balasubramaniam1, Joy Yaplito-Lee2,3 1Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children’s Hospital, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia. 2Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 3Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. Correspondence to: Dr. Shanti Balasubramaniam, Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Theh Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, Cnr Hawkesbury Rd and Hainsworth St, Locked Bag 4001, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] How to cite this article: Balasubramaniam S, Yaplito-Lee J. Riboflavin metabolism: role in mitochondrial function. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:285-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2020.34 Received: 15 May 2020 First Decision: 16 Jun 2020 Revised: 9 Jul 2020 Accepted: 14 Jul 2020 Available online: 7 Aug 2020 Academic Editor: Andrea L. Gropman Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu Abstract Riboflavin, known as vitamin B2, a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential nutrient in vertebrates, hence adequate dietary intake is imperative. Riboflavin plays a role in a variety of metabolic pathways, serving primarily as an integral component of its crucial biologically active forms, the flavocoenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. These flavocoenzymes ensure the functionality of numerous flavoproteins including dehydrogenases, oxidases, monooxygenases, and reductases, which play pivotal roles in mitochondrial electron transport chain, β-oxidation of fatty acids, redox homeostasis, citric acid cycle, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, protein folding, and apoptosis.
    [Show full text]
  • COQ6 Mutations in Human Patients Produce Nephrotic Syndrome with Sensorineural Deafness
    COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness Saskia F. Heeringa, … , Christian Faul, Friedhelm Hildebrandt J Clin Invest. 2011;121(5):2013-2024. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI45693. Research Article Nephrology Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Identification of single-gene causes of SRNS has generated some insights into its pathogenesis; however, additional genes and disease mechanisms remain obscure, and SRNS continues to be treatment refractory. Here we have identified 6 different mutations in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis monooxygenase 6 (COQ6) in 13 individuals from 7 families by homozygosity mapping. Each mutation was linked to early-onset SRNS with sensorineural deafness. The deleterious effects of these human COQ6 mutations were validated by their lack of complementation in coq6-deficient yeast. Furthermore, knockdown of Coq6 in podocyte cell lines and coq6 in zebrafish embryos caused apoptosis that was partially reversed by coenzyme Q10 treatment. In rats, COQ6 was located within cell processes and the Golgi apparatus of renal glomerular podocytes and in stria vascularis cells of the inner ear, consistent with an oto-renal disease phenotype. These data suggest that coenzyme Q10–related forms of SRNS and hearing loss can be molecularly identified and potentially treated. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/45693/pdf Research article COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness Saskia F. Heeringa,1 Gil Chernin,1 Moumita Chaki,1 Weibin Zhou,1 Alexis J. Sloan,2 Ziming Ji,3 Letian X. Xie,3 Leonardo Salviati,4 Toby W. Hurd,1 Virginia Vega-Warner,1 Paul D.
    [Show full text]