3-1 FISH 3 3-1.1 Life History of Covered Fish Species 3-1.2 Status and Distribution of Fish Species/Populations 3-1.3 Habitat Requirements for Covered Fish Species 3-1.4 Factors Affecting Status and Distribution
3-2 AMPHIBIANS 3-2.1 Salamanders 3-2.2 Frogs
3. Biological Data on and Factors Affecting Covered Species
3. Biological Data On and Factors Affecting Covered Species
The Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan (FPHCP) covers fish and aquatic or riparian-dependent amphibians. Chapter 1 provides information on which species are covered by the plan and why those species were chosen. This chapter provides a closer look at these species, including how they live (life history, habitat requirements), where they are found (distribution), how well they are doing (status) and factors that affect them.
3-1 Fish
Washington’s new forest practices rules were developed to protect aquatic and riparian- dependent species, including all fish species. Salmonid species have historically been given the most attention due to their recreational and economic value, and to the fact that many populations have declined over recent years. However, non-salmonid fish species are also receiving recognition and protection from forest practices rules. Ten of the 41 FPHCP-covered non-salmonid fish species are federally listed and/or state listed species of concern (See Tables 3.1 and 3.2). Within this chapter, salmonid fish species are described first, due to their listing status and because of the greater abundance of fisheries management data and scientific literature.
3-1.1 Life History of Covered Fish Species The life histories of various fish species covered by the FPHCP can differ greatly. Preferred habitat types and length of time within those habitats will vary by species. Some die after spawning, others return to spawn again the following year. Fish species— especially salmonids—can usually be described by one or more of the following life history strategies: