Allen, Early History and the Land Between 1
Preliminary Thoughts and Images
on
How Landscape Has Shaped the Early History
of
The Land Between
Bill Allen
January 11, 2007
Dedicated to Peter Alley the man who was the first person in any discipline to understand the importance of the Land Between to cultural groups of ancient times and of the centuries up to the time of colonization. Allen, Early History and the Land Between 2
Idea #1: Scope of the study area and data area
Comparison of study area relative to data area
D Study area D Upper tier municipality ~ Data area
300 0 300 Kilometers
Idea #2: Canoe routes crossing The Land Between
Ri\'~r Hout~, Cro"illg The' LlIld B~f)\ C~II ill th~ Tinll' Prior to ('oloni/:llion I<""d,
•
f /1-!?ARRIE
1----•
I lI __ Allen, Early History and the Land Between . 3
Idea #3: The river-based ancient fishing economy
••• r
I·
1: ••
Stakes from Rama/Mnjikaning Fish Fence over 4000 years old Allen, Early History and the Land Between 4
Idea #4: Sources of tool grade chert for making chipped stone artifacts
Silurian ~:::':::;;:::1 ,"._~~ "-~---.!!>~:
o '00 200 L , I Kilornetres
II \I-Fh;. _~.Dj..;lrjl~·uthln ,'r! dlt'rt !c1(alitit'':: in tJrdo\'il:i,ln, :-iillln.-:ui. ,-tnd Dl'\l\I11.111 .H1t'rLh.:k~ id ~._Illthl'nl ()o(\ui,l. 1·\d.1pk\1 II\IIH Ih>\\"tIL t"-.I!'"}!.LI
Eley, Betty E. and Peter H. von Bitter 1989 Cherts of Southern Ontario, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (page 4)
Genesee Point circa 3500 years BP from Sparrow Lake, tip broken Allen, Early History and the Land Between 5
Idea #4 continued ....
,\r:CILYOLUUlt',\!. n 1-:1'01:'1',
Ceremonial blade from Huntsville area, largest specimeu in province when donated in 1919 Allen, Early History and the Land Between 6
Idea #5: Sources of slate for ground stone tools: raw material source unidentified
Banded slate tools from: Above - Carling Township, District of Parry Sound Below - 2 sites at Sparrow Lake
r ,; r Allen, Early History and the Land Between 7
Idea #6: Nut and medicine grinding surfaces. Think of "medicines" and "ceremonial needs" as much as "foods" in the collection process at The Land Between.
Sample from Honey Harbour area at location known to have specific Anishinaabe occupant on lot.
Idea #7: Sacred Pictograph Sites
Mazinaw Allen, Early History and the Land Between 8
Idea #8: Sequence of movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map A: 300 to 500 CE
Map B: 900 to 1300 CE
•.•••00
.•...
MAP A2 Location of early Nadouek village sites In south-central Ontario, AD 900-1300 Source: Warrick 1990: 338 Allen, Early History and the Land Between 9
Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map C: 1300 -1330 CE
.....
.•...
o 111 20 " "Ok ••••• L. •.•.J ~ I
MAP A3 Location of Uren village sites in south-central Ontario, AD 1300-30 Source: Warrick 1990: 349
Map D: 1330-1420 CE
.. LAKE .' ' ~,.~,-,- L....J ...... ,. --b~J .... ONTARIO.•... I ~-.•... .•.•. ,-",..""" I...... 110·00 / MAP A4 Location of Middleport village sites in south-<;entral Ontario, AD 1330-1420
Source: Warrick 1990: 355 :.; 'L..;•••.., ,.~,,;A~::~,;:..~~~,~~,~;~~~~~~~~JV~..~::;.:.:ir~i:;;..:;~~"j::~~1~3L:~~-:~:~r~:;7:"D7:it"'I~:~~F\:tz.~t4',,;~:" Allen, Early History and the Land Between 10
Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map E: Circa 1400's CE
...••
....•
MAP AS Location of early Late Prehistoric village sites in south-central Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ? 2.0 ha) Source: Warrick 1990: 365
Map # F: Early to mid 1500's CE
.•....
LAKE ONTAR 10 .•...
••,~.' ••..::•• , •••• ~"" ,"W,'h"' ".' ' •.••
aD _ 40 •••• iE=t=::I ..... - MAP A6 Location of middle Late Prehistoric village sites in south- Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series) Map #G: Late 1500's to early 1600's CE ••••• '.''''- ~~ - "fo • ~ Iib' ••.•• '( $ If l' / ~ 4-' w ~ ~ Jf ".4 41 ~,"I:7~r~ l' gI ~.~:~ /: (0fJ1!jfV,(·( ':r1#tP' ,p- .. '.' .-...... ~.J./Yii ._ L.. ~:~""'q:"_ J" .... !.' •.. '" 'c;, "-_...•••••• ...... o 'lei 20 SO ~klW L.J L.....:I I MAP A7 Location of late Late Prehistoric village sites In south·central Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ? 2.0 ha) Source: Warrick 1990: 375 Map #H: Time of Contact, Champlain, Recollets, Jesuits 1615-1650 CE .•.•. • 10 •• .so ••• ", - B:mt~:.~: 'oj MAP AS Location of protohistoric Wendat-Tionontate village sites In south-centraJ Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ~ 2.0 ha) Source: Warrick 1990: 382 - ," .'.- , .', " • ""="'-':":" :-.:.,.;.,~·.;~..•..;j,.:::~.i(:,;.r~-.~a;•.L.t.":~.Mr~~~~~~~;.~;";,:~·:I:,;:;""j,,:~_ Allen, Early History and the Land Between 12 Idea #9: Algonquian Groups of the Ottawa Valley Circa 1600 who used the so-called "Buffer Zone" which appears to include parts of The Land Between. This topic has been researched very little in Ontario because most research sources are written in French. Map 6 Algonquin, Attikamtk, Nipissing. Crte, and Ottawa Nations ca. 1600 /'" ( I 1'/ ( ~~( )W~ ',1 MAINE ---:"!!; _J .~ Lalee '" ! Champlain NEW YORK o 150 km ''''f"""11 I , I I .\I"~" ~•.~- II' ~ AlgonquinsNipissingsTimiskamingsOttawasCreesAttikameksBuffer zone inferieurssupeneurs0~[QJJ• ~0 Source: Raynald Parem, "lnventaire des nations amerindiennes au debut XVIle siecle", Rechtrchts amirindiennts au Q}dbtc. vol. 7(3-4), 1978. Allen, Early History and the Land Between 13 Idea #10: During the late 1630's and 1640's Ottawa Valley Algonquian groups travelled overland via The Land Between to winter in Wendake (Huronia). This is an area of current research by Bill Allen who will report on the Kinouchepirini in particular at the Algonquian Conference at York University in October, 2007. Previous Allen related research concerns the 1641 migration of Algonquian groups of the St. Lawrence to St. Elizabeth on the high land west of Lake Couchiching near Washago. If these people were the Onontcharonon I believe these people would have taken the same 40 day northern route through The Land Between that Margery did in the winter of 1636 as documented by the Jesuits. The main east/west route, confirmed by surveyors between 1818 and 1854 was Bonnechere River to Round Lake, overland to Barry's Bay, down the Madawaska to York (Mishawashkong) River, up the York past Bancroft to Elephant Lake, across the height of land to Farquhar Lake and the Irondale River, overland to the upper Burnt River at Haliburton, overland to the Gull River at Minden, down the Gull River to Norland, overland to Head Lake, down the Head River to Dalrymple Lake and Lake Couchiching. Map 7 Distribution o/Bands OV" Algonquin Tmirory Lok. Champlain o 100 Ian I I I I I I Source.: Roland Viau, res dine; ek 14 tmr. I:Ontributiona /Cth1Whisroirtde Algonquim ek /'Outaouais. 1600-1650. Manuscript. Allen, Early History and the Land Between 14 Idea #11: With timbering and colonization the modern era of mass consumption begins and the old cultural patterns of the Land Between are squeezed out. Colonization Roads \ P£'::'OK£~. in Ontario \,/"".\.----\~~"'-1N f3aWEE:N !.Ax, SI/1CO£ AND TH£ OrTAWA /JVER BASED ON \1/04D , THE 1472 REPORT,. THE / \ "£MS~.t COMMISSIONER'" CROWN LANOS \••.••...••.• DUWN IY-AW.MvIOO(:I4 ) ,.••.~lItLl.., 07";", ~''''4 ~ ••.·OPto /oIGO ROAD PIGURE 1. TOWNSffiPS OP MUSKOKA AND HALIBURTON. [Section of "Map of the Southern Part of the Province of Ontario," Depart• ment of Lands and Forests, 1961.]