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Paleozoic, Lake Simcoe Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6011 Paleozoic Geology of the Northern Lake Simcoe Area, South-Central Ontario 2000 ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 6011 Paleozoic Geology of the Northern Lake Simcoe Area, South-Central Ontario by D.K. Armstrong 2000 Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Armstrong, D.K. 2000. Paleozoic geology of the northern Lake Simcoe area, south- central Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6011, 43p. e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2000 e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2000. Open File Reports of the Ontario Geological Survey are available for viewing at the Mines Library in Sudbury, at the Mines and Minerals Information Centre in Toronto, and at the regional Mines and Minerals office whose district includes the area covered by the report (see below). Copies can be purchased at Publication Sales and the office whose district includes the area covered by the report. Al- though a particular report may not be in stock at locations other than the Publication Sales office in Sudbury, they can generally be obtained within 3 working days. All telephone, fax, mail and e-mail orders should be directed to the Publica- tion Sales office in Sudbury. Use of VISA or MasterCard ensures the fastest possible service. Cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance. Mines and Minerals Information Centre (MMIC) Tel: (416) 314-3800 Macdonald Block, Room M2-17 1-800-665-4480(toll free inside Ontario) 900 Bay St. Toronto, Ontario M7A 1C3 Mines Library Tel: (705) 670-5615 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Publication Sales Tel: (705) 670-5691(local) 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Level A3 1-888-415-9845(toll-free) Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Fax: (705) 670-5770 E-mail: [email protected] Regional Mines and Minerals Offices: Kenora - Suite 104, 810 Robertson St., Kenora P9N 4J2 Kirkland Lake - 10 Government Rd. E., Kirkland Lake P2N 1A8 Red Lake - Box 324, Ontario Government Building, Red Lake P0V 2M0 Sault Ste. Marie - 70 Foster Dr., Ste. 200, Sault Ste. Marie P6A 6V8 Sioux Lookout - Box 3000, Queen and Fourth, Sioux Lookout P8T 1C6 Southern Ontario - P.O. Bag Service 43, Old Troy Rd., Tweed K0K 3J0 Sudbury - Level B3, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury P3E 6B5 Thunder Bay - Suite B002, 435 James St. S., Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 Timmins - Ontario Government Complex, P.O. Bag 3060, Hwy. 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0 Toronto - MMIC, Macdonald Block, Room M2-17, 900 Bay St., Toronto M7A 1C3 This report has not received a technical edit. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Ministry of Northern Devel- opment and Mines does not assume any liability. Source referencesare included in the report and users are urged to verify critical information. Recommendations and statements of opinions expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy. If you wish to reproduce any of the text, tables or illustrations in this report, please write for permission to the Team Leader, Publication Services, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level B4, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5. Cette publication est disponible en anglais seulement. Parts of this report may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form: Armstrong, D.K. 2000. Paleozoic geology of the northern Lake Simcoe area, south-central Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6011, 43p. iii Contents Introduction ............................................................................... 1 Geographic Area ........................................................................ 1 Previous Work ......................................................................... 1 Present Study .......................................................................... 1 General Geology ........................................................................... 4 Precambrian Geology ....................................................................... 4 The Precambrian Surface ................................................................. 5 Ordovician Geology ......................................................................... 5 Shadow Lake Formation .................................................................. 8 Gull River Formation .................................................................... 9 Lower Member, Gull River Formation................................................... 9 Upper Member, Gull River Formation................................................... 12 Bobcaygeon Formation .................................................................. 15 Lower member, Bobcaygeon Formation.................................................. 18 Moore Hill Beds ................................................................. 18 Lower K--Bentonite Bed.......................................................... 18 Upper Part of Lower Member...................................................... 20 Middle Member, Bobcaygeon Formation................................................. 20 Upper Member, Bobcaygeon Formation.................................................. 22 Upper K--Bentonite Bed........................................................... 23 Cameron Lake Inlier ............................................................. 23 Verulam Formation ...................................................................... 24 Lower Member, Verulam Formation..................................................... 24 Upper Member, Verulam Formation..................................................... 24 Subsurface Geology ......................................................................... 25 Economic Geology ......................................................................... 28 Alkali--Carbonate Reactivity .............................................................. 28 Acknowledgements ......................................................................... 31 References ................................................................................ 32 Metric Conversion Table ..................................................................... 43 Appendix 1: List of quarries in the north Lake Simcoe area......................................... 37 Appendix 2: Locations and stratigraphy of mapping station localities cited in the report.................. 39 Appendix 3: Unit thicknesses and elevations in OGS drill holes..................................... 41 Appendix 4: Geochemistry of K--bentonite samples............................................... 42 FIGURES 1. North Lake Simcoe project area (3 boxes) and general bedrock geology of south--central Ontario .................................................................. 2 2. Areas covered by figures in this report with respect to an outline of the project study area ........................................................................... 3 3. Bedrock geology of the Lake Simcoe study area, showing locations of main quarries, OGS drill holes and Precambrian inliers............................................ back pocket 4. Structure contour of the Precambrian basement surface....................................... 6 5. Lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Simcoe Group in south--central Ontario.......................................................... 7 v 6. Isopach of Shadow Lake Formation...................................................... 10 7. Isopach of Gull River Formation......................................................... 11 8. True elevation schematic east--west cross--section across study area............................. 13 9. Isopach of lower member of Gull River Formation.......................................... 14 10. Isopach of the shaly lithofacies, upper Gull River Formation................................... 16 11. Isopach of the upper member, Gull River Formation......................................... 17 12. Isopach of Moore Hill beds, lower Bobcaygeon Formation.................................... 19 13. Isopach of upper part of the lower member, Bobcaygeon Formation............................. 21 14. Structure contour of top of Gull River Formation............................................ 26 15. Schematic east--west cross--section across the study area with top of the green marker bed as datum .................................................................. 27 16. Schematic east--west cross--section across the study area with base of the Moore Hill beds as datum .................................................................... 29 17. Cross--plot of CaO/MgO versus Al2O3 content for samples from drill hole OGS--93--08 ......................................................................... 30 vii Introduction GEOGRAPHIC AREA The north Lake Simcoe study area consists of the area underlain by Paleozoic bedrock between latitudes 44o30iN and 44o53iN, and between longitude 80o09iW and 78o30iW. The study area essentially follows the erosional edge of the Paleozoic bedrock in south--central Ontario from the Penetanguishene Peninsula in southeastern Georgian Bay, eastward towards the town of Bobcaygeon (Figures 1 and 2). This area is covered by 1:50 000 scale National Topographic System (NTS) map sheets 31D/12, 31D/11, 31D/10 and parts of 41A/9, 41A/16, 31D/13, 31D/14, and 31D/15. The study area includes parts of Simcoe, Victoria and
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