Darpa Packet Radio Network Protocols
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1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes Rfcs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M
Network Working Group S. Romano Request for Comments: 1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes RFCs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M. Recker 923, 900, 870, 820, 790, 776, 770, 762, SRI-NIC 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 August 1989 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 INTERNET NUMBERS Status of this Memo This memo is an official status report on the network numbers and the autonomous system numbers used in the Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Introduction This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned network numbers and gateway autonomous systems. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Hostmaster at the DDN Network Information Center (NIC). Hostmaster DDN Network Information Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: 1-800-235-3155 Network mail: [email protected] Most of the protocols used in the Internet are documented in the RFC series of notes. Some of the items listed are undocumented. Further information on protocols can be found in the memo "Official Internet Protocols" [40]. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "DDN Protocol Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Other collections of older or obsolete protocols are contained in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [18], or in the "ARPANET Protocol Transition Handbook" [19]. For further information on ordering the complete 1985 DDN Protocol Handbook, contact the Hostmaster. Also, the Internet Activities Board (IAB) publishes the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" [52], which describes the state of standardization of protocols used in the Internet. -
Evaluating Lora Physical As a Radio Link Technology for Use in a Remote-Controlled Electric Switch System for a Network Bridge
Evaluating LoRa Physical as a Radio Link Technology for use in a Remote-Controlled Electric Switch System for a Network Bridge Radio-Node Abdullahi Aden Hassan / Rasmus Karlsson Källqvist KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Acknowledgments We would like to thank our academic mentor Anders Västberg for helping us with the process of writing and carrying through this degree project, answering all of our questions, and for proof reading this report. We would like to thank Amin Azari for showing genuine interest in our project and for answering some math questions we had when calculating the radio link budget, and for discovering that the formula in a book we were using had a printing error which was initially causing our results to be wrong. Thank you to fellow students Michael Henriksson and Sebastian Kullengren for a thorough opposition to this report and for much helpful feedback in keeping the text readable and scientific. Thank you to Björn Pehrson for representing AMPRNet Sweden and giving us the opportunity to work on this project, financing the system prototype and for giving helpful feedback. Finally, we would like to thank program director Bengt Molin for teaching us much of what we know of embedded systems and for lending us equipment used in the development of the hardware prototype. i Abstract This report explores the design of a system for remotely switching electronics on and off within a range of at least 15 km, to be used with battery driven radio nodes for outdoor Wi-Fi network bridging. The application of the network bridges are connecting to remote networks, should Internet infrastructure fail during an emergency. -
New Gateways (PDF
Packet Network Notice Rev: 28-Nov-2011 Date: Nov 28, 2011 From: Santa Clara County ARES/RACES Packet Committee Subject: Packet Network Update – New AMPRnet and E-mail gateways Attention: All ECs, AECs, MACs and other Santa Clara County Packet Users This Packet Network Notice contains important information which affects your ability to access and use the county packet backbone. This update covers the following topics: • New AMPRnet Gateway • New E-mail Gateway Please read this information thoroughly and pass along to any packet users in your local area. New AMPRnet Gateway The AMPRnet is an AMateur Packet Radio network consisting of packet radio BBSs located worldwide. Local networks of BBSs are interconnected to other local networks through gateways. These gateways use IP-in-IP tunnels to connect to each other. AMPRnet IP addresses are allocated from the IP address block of 44.0.0.0/8. Once a BBS or local network of BBSs is connected to AMPRnet, each of the BBSs can reach any other BBS on the AMPRnet, and vice-versa. For example, in the State of Michigan, each county has a local network of one or more BBSs. Each county is connected to all other counties (and to the rest of the world) with AMPRnet connections. Here in California, we can use AMPRnet connections to reach other counties which do not have a radio path to our network. We have just started to reach out to other counties to work on making those connections. There are two primary uses for this connectivity: 1) Messaging: Messages can now be addressed to anyone at any of the AMPRnet BBSs with a simple and standard Internet-style address format: [email protected]. -
On-Demand Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 2, Issue. 7, July 2013, pg.317 – 321 RESEARCH ARTICLE ON-DEMAND ROUTING IN MULTI-HOP WIRELESS MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS P. Umamaheswari 1, K. Ranjith singh 2 1Periyar University, TamilNadu, India 2Professor of PGP College, TamilNadu, India 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected] Abstract— An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any preexisting network infrastructure or centralized administration. Routing protocols used in ad hoc networks must automatically adjust to environments that can vary between the extremes of high mobility with low bandwidth, and low mobility with high bandwidth. This thesis argues that such protocols must operate in an on-demand fashion and that they must carefully limit the number of nodes required to react to a given topology change in the network. I have embodied these two principles in a routing protocol called Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). As a result of its unique design, the protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent, yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which nodes move less frequently. By presenting a detailed analysis of DSR’s behavior in a variety of situations, this thesis generalizes the lessons learned from DSR so that they can be applied to the many other new routing protocols that have adopted the basic DSR framework. The thesis proves the practicality of the DSR protocol through performance results collected from a full-scale 8 node tested, and it demonstrates several methodologies for experimenting with protocols and applications in an ad hoc network environment, including the emulation of ad hoc networks. -
Sistemas Informáticos Curso 2005-06 Sistema De Autoconfiguración Para
Sistemas Informáticos Curso 2005-06 Sistema de Autoconfiguración para Redes Ad Hoc Miguel Ángel Tolosa Diosdado Adam Ameziane Dirigido por: Profª. Marta López Fernández Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos y Programación Grupo de Análisis, Seguridad y Sistemas (GASS) Facultad de Informática Universidad Complutense de Madrid AGRADECIMIENTOS: Queremos agradecer la dedicación de la profesora Marta López Fernández, Directora del presente Proyecto de Sistemas Informáticos, y del resto de integrantes del Grupo de Análisis, Seguridad y Sistemas (GASS) del Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Programación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y de forma muy especial a Fabio Mesquita Buiati y a Javier García Villalba, Miembro y Director del citado Grupo, respectivamente, por el asesoramiento y las facilidades proporcionadas para el buen término de este Proyecto. 2 Índice RESUMEN ....................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 6 PALABRAS CLAVE....................................................................................................... 7 1-INTRODUCCIÓN....................................................................................................... 8 1.1- MOTIVACIÓN ......................................................................................................... 8 1.2 – OBJETIVO ............................................................................................................. -
Mind the Uppercase Letters
Integration of APRS Network with SDI Tomasz Kubik1,2, Wojciech Penar1 1 Wroclaw University of Technology 2 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Abstract. From the point of view of large information systems designers the most important thing is a certain abstraction enabling integration of heterogeneous solutions. Abstraction is associated with the standardization of protocols and interfaces of appropriate services. Behind this façade any device or sensor system may be hidden, even humans recording their measurements. This study presents selected topics and details related to two families of standards developed by OGC: OpenLS and SWE. It also dis- cusses the technical details of a solution built to intercept radio messages broadcast in the APRS network with telemetric information and weather conditions as payload. The basic assumptions and objectives of a prototype system that integrates elements of the APRS network and SWE are given. Keywords: SWE, OpenLS, APRS, SDI, web services 1. Introduction Modern measuring devices are no longer seen as tools for qualitative and quantitative measurements only. They have become parts of highly special- ized solutions, used for data acquisition and post-processing, offering hardware and software interfaces for communication. In the construction of these solutions the latest technologies from various fields are employed, including optics, precision mechanics, satellite and information technolo- gies. Thanks to the Internet and mobile technologies, several architectural and communication barriers caused by the wiring and placement of the sensors have been broken. Only recently the LBS (Location-Based Services) entered the field of IT. These are information services, available from mo- bile devices via mobile networks, giving possibility of utilization of a mobile This work was supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Edu- cation with funds for research for the years 2010-2013. -
Linux Networking-HOWTO
Linux Networking−HOWTO: Linux Networking−HOWTO: Table of Contents Linux Networking−HOWTO:............................................................................................................................1 Author: Joshua Drake poet@linuxports.com...........................................................................................1 1.Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 2.Document History.................................................................................................................................1 3.How to use this HOWTO......................................................................................................................1 4.General Information about Linux Networking.....................................................................................1 5.Generic Network Configuration Information.......................................................................................1 6.Ethernet Information.............................................................................................................................2 7.IP Related Information..........................................................................................................................2 8.Advanced Networking with Kernel 2.2................................................................................................2 9.Using common PC hardware................................................................................................................2 -
The Internet Development Process: Observations and Reflections
The Internet Development Process: Observations and Reflections Pål Spilling University Graduate Center (UNIK), Kjeller, Norway [email protected] Abstract. Based on the experience of being part of the team that developed the internet, the author will look back and provide a history of the Norwegian participation. The author will attempt to answer a number of questions such as why was The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI) invited to participate in the development process, what did Norway contribute to in the project, and what did Norway benefit from its participation? Keywords: ARPANET, DARPA, Ethernet, Internet, PRNET. 1 A Short Historical Résumé The development of the internet went through two main phases. The first one laid the foundation for packet switching in a single network called ARPANET. The main idea behind the development of ARPANET was resource sharing [1]. At that time computers, software, and communication lines were very expensive, meaning that these resources had to be shared among as many users as possible. The development started at the end of 1968. The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) funded and directed it in a national project. It became operational in 1970; in a few years, it spanned the U.S. from west to east with one arm westward to Hawaii and one arm eastward to Kjeller, Norway, and then onwards to London. The next phase, the “internet project,” started in the latter half of 1974 [2]. The purpose of the project was to develop technologies to interconnect networks based on different communication principles, enabling end-to-end communications between computers connected to different networks. -
Ad Hoc Networks – Design and Performance Issues
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Networking Laboratory UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA´ DE MADRID E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaciones Juan Francisco Redondo Ant´on Ad Hoc Networks – design and performance issues Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Telecommunications Engineering Espoo, May 2002 Supervisor: Professor Jorma Virtamo Abstract of Master’s Thesis Author: Juan Francisco Redondo Ant´on Thesis Title: Ad hoc networks – design and performance issues Date: May the 28th, 2002 Number of pages: 121 Faculty: Helsinki University of Technology Department: Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Professorship: S.38 – Networking Laboratory Supervisor: Professor Jorma Virtamo The fast development wireless networks have been experiencing recently offers a set of different possibilities for mobile users, that are bringing us closer to voice and data communications “anytime and anywhere”. Some outstanding solutions in this field are Wireless Local Area Networks, that offer high-speed data rate in small areas, and Wireless Wide Area Networks, that allow a greater mobility for users. In some situations, like in military environment and emergency and rescue operations, the necessity of establishing dynamic communications with no reliance on any kind of infrastructure is essential. Then, the ease of quick deployment ad hoc networks provide becomes of great usefulness. Ad hoc networks are formed by mobile hosts that cooperate with each other in a distributed way for the transmissions of packets over wireless links, their routing, and to manage the network itself. Their features condition their design in several network layers, so that parameters like bandwidth or energy consumption, that appear critical in a multi-layer design, must be carefully taken into account. -
Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO
Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO Jeff Tranter, VE3ICH [email protected] v2.0, 19 September 2001 The Linux operating system is perhaps the only operating system in the world that can boast native and standard support for the AX.25 packet radio protocol utilized by Amateur Radio operators worldwide. This document describes how to install and configure this support. Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Changes from the previous version...................................................................................................1 1.2. Where to obtain new versions of this document...............................................................................1 1.3. Other related documentation.............................................................................................................1 2. The Packet Radio Protocols and Linux........................................................................................................3 2.1. How it all fits together......................................................................................................................3 3. The AX.25/NET/ROM/ROSE software components...................................................................................5 3.1. Finding the kernel, tools and utility packages..................................................................................5 3.1.1. The -
Internet Infrastructure & Services
Equity Research Technology Internet Infrastructure & Services Introducing Internet 3.0 Distribution and Decentralization Change Everything n THE RIPPLES CHANGE THEIR SIZE. This report examines the impact of distribution (of assets and resources across geographies) and decentralization (of a network’s assets and resources outward toward “edge” devices) on the Internet. It highlights the companies that will benefit or be hurt by this trend. Finally, it profiles emerging companies that are taking advantage of these trends and pushing the Internet toward its next phase, which we call Internet 3.0. n WHAT HAPPENS IN INTERNET 3.0? Thick client devices dominate the network. Edge devices communicate directly with each other. Increased traffic among devices places strain on networks, forcing network carriers to increase capacity. All of this is driven and guided by the laws of network dynamics. n EXTENDING TRADITIONAL MARKETS, INTRODUCING NEW ONES. We have identified four emerging areas in the field of distribution and decentralization: distributed processing, distributed storage services, distributed network services, and decentralized collaboration. n INTEL, MICROSOFT, SUN: INCUMBENTS TAKE CHARGE. Intel, Microsoft, and Sun Microsystems have emerged as thought leaders, each waving a flag and jockeying for position in Internet 3.0. We also profile a number of private companies that are providing thought leadership on the next phase of the Internet. We highlight their impact on incumbents and existing markets, and quantify new market opportunities. -
Alohanet: World’S First Wireless Network
Wiliki_Dec2020_Wiliki Sept06 11/24/20 6:54 AM Page 1 VOL. 56 NO. 10 SERVING 2000 ENGINEERS DECEMBER, 2020 ALOHAnet: World’s First Wireless Network Dr. Franklin Kuo and Dr. Norman Abramson attended the Milestone ceremony virtually. On October 13, 2020, Hawaii celebrated the An excerpt from Dr. Vinton Cerf, Google’s chief o Comprised of the ALOHA protocol and the installation of its fourth IEEE Milestone (for the internet evangelist and “Father of the Internet”: ALOHA System. ALOHAnet) with the world. “The University of Hawai’i is the gift that keeps o Acronym for "Additive Links On-line Hawaii Hawaii established a significant first with this on giving, and it has been giving for 50 years and Area network". celebration: The first IEEE Milestone to be more,” Cerf said. “We benefit from that. Imagine Prior to the ALOHA protocol, there was no virtually broadcast worldwide due to the COVID- the industries that have grown up around people existing packet-switching or packet-based 19 pandemic. who have learned skills from the University of protocols. This is the reason that Bob Metcalfe IEEE established the Electrical Engineering Hawaiʻi.” came to the University of Hawaii College of Milestones program in 1983 to honor significant Peer recognition of ALOHAnet and its co- Engineering to study under Dr. Norman achievements in the history of electrical and Principal Investigators, Dr. Norman Abramson Abramson. electronics engineering. and Dr. Franklin Kuo during the Virtual Prior to the ALOHA system, mainframe Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University Installation Ceremony included: computers (PCs were at least a decade away) of Hawaii at Manoa College of Engineering • Dr.