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Redalyc.LOS SUELOS DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO Y SU Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales ISSN: 2007-1132 [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias México Sotelo Ruíz, Erasto Domingo; González Hernández, Antonio; Cruz Bello, Gustavo; Moreno Sánchez, Francisco; Cruz Cárdenas, Gustavo LOS SUELOS DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO Y SU ACTUALIZACIÓN A LA BASE REFERENCIAL MUNDIAL DEL RECURSO SUELO 2006 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales, vol. 2, núm. 8, noviembre-diciembre, 2011, pp. 71-84 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=63438965007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto NOTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN LOS SUELOS DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO Y SU ACTUALIZACIÓN A LA BASE REFERENCIAL MUNDIAL DEL RECURSO SUELO 2006 THE SOILS OF MEXICO STATE AND THEIR UPDATE TO THE WORLD REFERENCE BASE FOR SOIL RESOURCES 2006 Erasto Domingo Sotelo Ruíz 1, Antonio González Hernández 2, Gustavo Cruz Bello 3, Francisco Moreno Sánchez 2 y Gustavo Cruz Cárdenas 4 RESUMEN El suelo es uno de los principales recursos naturales, en el cual se sustentan los bosques y la producción de alimentos para una población que crece cada día. Contar con información actualizada sobre este recurso y su distribución facilita la planeación y clasificación de las actividades agropecuarias y de manejo de los bosques. La clasificación de suelos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) denominada Base Referencial Mundial del Recurso Suelo (WRB), ha sido mejorada con ello se aumentó su precisión. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron actualizar la clasificación de la cartografía del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía escala 1:50,000 de los suelos del Estado de México de la clasificación FAO 1970, a la versión de suelos de la WRB 2006; además de cuantificar la superficie de las Unidades y Subunidades de sus suelos y delimitar su distribución. Los suelos dominantes en el estado son los Andosoles con 4,799.08 km 2, Feozems con 4,727.18, Regosoles con 2,656.83, Vertisoles con 2,414.85 y Cambisoles con 1,960.47 km 2. Se agregaron los Leptosoles que agruparon a los Rankers, Rendzinas y Litosoles; estos suelos se denominan como Leptosoles Líticos (LPli), los cuales cubren 1,749.68 km 2 y tienen una profundidad menor a 10 cm. Con ello se reduce el área para la producción de cultivos. Palabras clave: Andosoles, cartografía de suelos, Leptosoles, planeación agropecuaria y forestal, recursos naturales, unidades de suelo. ABSTRACT Soil is one of the main natural resources, in which support forests and food production for an ever growing population. To have present-day information about this resource and its distribution help to plan and classify agricultural and game activities as well as forest management. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) soil classification known as World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) has been improved, and thus, it has increased its precision. The aim of this research was to update the FAO 1970 1:50,000 cartography of the National Statistics and Geography Institute of Mexico State to the WRB 2006 version, as well as to quantify the area of the Units and Subunits of its soils and to fix the boundaries of its distribution. The dominant soils in the State are Andosols with 4,799.08 km 2, Feozems with 4,727.18, Regosols with 2,656.83, Vertisols with 2,414.85 and Cambisols with 1,960.47 km 2. Leptosols were added, which included Rankers, Rendzinas and Litosols, and were named as Liptic Leptosols (LPli), which cover 1,749.68 km 2 and are less than 10 cm deep. With this support, the area for crop production is reduced. Key words: Andosols, soil cartography, Leptosols, agriculture and livestock planning, natural resources, soil units. Fecha de recepción: 30 de abril de 2009. Fecha de aceptación: 23 de diciembre de 2011. 1Campo Experimental Toluca, CIR.- Centro, INIFAP. Correo-e: [email protected] 2Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Conservación y Mejoramiento de Ecosistemas Forestales, INIFAP. 3ExInvestigador del CENID-COMEF, INIFAP 4Génesis y Clasificación de Suelos, Colegio de Postgraduados. Rev. Mex. Cien. For. Vol. 2 Núm. 8 El suelo es uno de los recursos naturales más significativos Soil is one of the most important natural resources for man en la vida del hombre por su relación directa con el because of the direct relation with the development of forests, desarrollo de los bosques, la producción de alimentos food production and fibers (Ortiz et al ., 1990; Ortiz and y fibras (Ortiz et al ., 1990; Ortiz y Gutiérrez, 1999). Gutiérrez, 1999). Natural resources studies facilitate through Los estudios de los recursos naturales se facilitan mediante storing, analysis and reproduction of computerized data. This el almacenamiento, el análisis y la reproducción de datos system is good when the country or the organization that computarizados. Este sistema ofrece ventajas cuando carries out the assessment have the right computation el país o la organización que realiza la evaluación poseen equipment to keep data (FAO, 1985). equipo de cómputo necesario para el almacenamiento de datos (FAO, 1985). There are different definitions of soils, according to their approach, based upon several properties: physical, Existen diferentes definiciones de los suelos, en función del chemical, nutritional, microbiological, of fertility, genesis and enfoque, basadas en diversas propiedades: físicas, químicas, classification. In the actual work are taken into account de nutrición, microbiológicas, de fertilidad, de génesis y de genesis and classification of soils. Thus, among them can be clasificación. En el presente trabajo, se toman en cuenta la quoted those that consider soil as the continuum of space génesis y la clasificación de suelos. Así, entre ellas se pueden and time that make up part of the terrestrial cortex, with the citar aquellas que considera al suelo como el continuo de thickness of a few centimeters and where the roots of espacio-tiempo que forma la parte superior de la corteza plants develop (FitzPatrick, 1987, 1996). For Boul et al . terrestre, con un espesor de pocos centímetros y donde (2004), they are natural bodies that show their characteristics in se desarrollan las raíces de las plantas (Fitzpatrick, 1987; a three-dimensional way, while for Brady and Weil (1999), soil is a Fitzpatrick, 1996). Para Boul et al . (2004) son cuerpos naturales natural three-dimensional body in the same sense as a mountain, que exhiben sus características en forma tridimensional; en a lake or a valley. tanto que, para Brady y Weil (1999) el suelo es un cuerpo natural tridimensional en el mismo sentido que es una montaña, The following definitions are more complete and have the aim lago o valle. of classifying soils according to the Taxonomy of Soils and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Las siguientes definiciones son más completas y tienen el or the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). The propósito de clasificar a los suelos según la Taxonomía de Soil Survey Staff (1992; 1994) states that soil is a collection of suelos y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para natural bodies, formed from mineral and organic materials, la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) o la Base Referencial that cover great part of the terrestrial surface, have live mater Mundial del Recurso Suelo (WRB). El Soil Survey Staff and can support vegetation in a natural way and, in some (1992; 1994) establecen que el suelo es una colección de places, have been transformed by human activities. The word cuerpos naturales, formados a partir de materiales minerales “Soil”, as many others, has different meanings. In a traditional y orgánicos, que cubren gran parte de la superficie terrestre, context, “it is the natural means for plant growth, and it may contienen materia viva y pueden soportar vegetación en have or not, discernible horizons”. forma natural y, en algunos lugares, han sido transformados por la actividad humana. La palabra Suelo, como otras, tienen Soil is a natural body formed by solids (minerals and organic diversos significados. En sentido tradicional “es el medio natural matter), liquids and gases that occur over the surface of the para el crecimiento de las plantas, puede tener o no Earth, that have a place in space and that have horizons or horizontes discernibles”. layer, that are distinguished from the original material as they result from additions, losses, transferences and transformation El suelo es un cuerpo natural integrado por sólidos (minerales of energy and matter; also, they have the ability to support y materia orgánica), líquidos y gases que ocurren sobre la plant roots in a natural environment (Soil Survey Staff, superficie de la tierra, ocupan un lugar en el espacio y se 1998; Soil Survey Staff, 1999; Soil Survey Staff, 2003; Soil Survey caracterizan por tener horizontes o capas, que se distinguen Staff, 2006; Wilding, 2000). del material inicial por ser el resultado de adiciones, pérdidas, transferencias y transformación de energía y FAO-WRB Classification defines soils the vertical combination materia; además poseen la habilidad de soportar raíces de of the present horizons in a specific depth and by plantas en un ambiente natural (Soil Survey Staff, 1998; Soil the lateral organization (sequence) of horizons or by their Survey Staff, 1999; Soil Survey Staff, 2003; Soil Survey Staff, absence at a scale that is at a scale that reflects in relief or that 2006; Wilding, 2000). conceptualize it as a continuous natural body which has three special and temporal dimensions.
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