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The State of Environmental Migration 2020

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The State of Environmental Migration 2020 Essai Essai Edited by The Hugo Observatory of the University of Liège, this volume is the tenth in the annual series and the fifth of its kind published with the Presses Universitaires de Liège. The State of Environmental Migration aims to provide its readership with the most updated assessments on recent events and evolving dynamics of environmental migration throughout the world. Each year, the editors select the best graduate student work from the course “Environment and Migration” taught by Caroline Zickgraf at the Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA) of Sciences Po. This year’s authors focus primarily on sudden-onset displacement events, including the Australian megafires, the dam failure in Brumadinho (Brazil), the floods in Budrio (Italy), the Kerala floods (India), and cyclones Idai and Fani in Mozambique and India. The relationship between drought and conflict-related internal displacement in Somalia’s Bay Region, as well as the importance of populations’ perceptions of environmental risk on (im)mobility outcomes during acqua alta in Venice are analysed and discussed. The State of Environmental Migration 2020 The State of Environmental Migration 2020 Caroline Zickgraf is Deputy Director of the Hugo Observatory as well as Post-doctoral Fellow with the Belgian Fund - A review of 2019 for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS). Tatiana Castillo Betancourt is Project Manager at the Hugo Observatory. Elodie Hut is PhD candidate at the Hugo Observatory. Édité par l’Observatoire Hugo de l’Université de Liège, ce volume est le dixième de la série annuelle et le cinquième du genre publié aux Presses Universitaires de Liège. Cet ouvrage vise à fournir à ses lecteurs les évaluations les plus à jour sur les événements récents et l’évolution de la dynamique des migrations environnementales à travers le monde. Chaque année, les éditeurs sélectionnent les meilleurs travaux d’étudiants diplômés du cours « Environnement et migrations », dispensé par Caroline Zickgraf à l’École des Affaires Internationales (PSIA) de Sciences Po (Paris). Les auteurs de cette année se concentrent principalement sur les événements de déplacement soudain, y compris les feux australiens, la rupture du barrage à Brumadinho (Brésil), les inondations à Budrio (Italie), les inondations au Kerala (Inde) et les cyclones Idai et Fani au Mozambique et en Inde. La relation entre la sécheresse et les déplacements internes liés au conflit dans la région de la baie de la Somalie, ainsi que l’importance des perceptions des populations du risque environnemental sur les résultats de l’(im)mobilité lors de l’acqua alta de Venise sont également analysées et discutées. Caroline Zickgraf est directrice adjointe de l’Observatoire Hugo ainsi que post-doctorante au Fonds belge pour la recherche scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS).Tatiana Castillo Betancourt est responsable de projet à l’Observatoire Hugo. Elodie Hut est doctorante à l’Observatoire Hugo. C. Zickgraf, T. Castillo Betancourt, E. Hut (eds.) C. Zickgraf, T. Françoise Lempereur (dir.) C. Zickgraf, T. Castillo Betancourt, E. Hut (eds.) Presses Universitaires de Liège Presses Universitaires de Liège Presses Universitaires de Liège The State of Environmental Migration 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 1 25/02/2021 10:08 Presses Universitaires de Liège Tél. : +32 (4) 366 50 22 Courriel : [email protected] Place de La République française, 41 Bât. O1 (7e étage) 4000 Liège, Belgium Site : www.presses.uliege.be © 2021 Tous droits de reproduction, d’adaptation et de traduction réservés pour tous pays Maquette de couverture : Julien NOISET Mise en page : Alain CHEVALLIER Relecture des épreuves : Caroline ZICKGRAF et Tatiana CASTILLO BETANCOURT, et Elodie HUT D/2021/12.839/7 978-2-87562-270-9 Imprimé en Belgique Pour citer cet ouvrage : The State of Environmental Migration 2020: A review of 2019 Liège, Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2021 Edited by The Hugo Observatory of the University Mots-clés : The State of Environmental of Liège, the State of Migration 2020: A review of 2019 Environmental Migration 2020 has received funding Illustration de couverture: SERDYUKOV, I. from Belspo under contract Flood (acqua alta) in Venice, Italy. number BR/175/A4/ November 12, 2019. Shutterstock. MIGRADAPT. 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 2 25/02/2021 10:08 Caroline ZICKGRAF, Tatiana CASTILLO BETANCOURT, Elodie HUT (eds.) The State of Environmental Migration 2020 A review of 2019 Presses Universitaires de Liège 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 3 25/02/2021 10:08 Dans la même collection ZICKGRAF Caroline, CASTILLO Tatiana BETANCOURT, HUT Elodie (eds.), The State of Environmental Migration 2019. A review of 2018, 2020. VLASSIS Antonios, RIOUX Michèle et TCHÉHOUALI Destiny (dir.) - Préface : RENTIER Bernard / Épilogue : VALLERAND Charles. La culture à l’ère du numérique. Plateformes, normes et politiques, 2020. KUTY Olgierd, SCHOENAERS Frédéric, DUBOIS Christophe, DETHIER Baptiste. La médiation scolaire. Un regard des acteurs sur leurs pratiques. Deuxième édition, 2019. ZICKGRAF Caroline, HUT Elodie, GEMENNE François (eds.), The State of Environmental Migration 2018. A review of 2017, 2018. BRAHY Rachel, Dumont Élisabeth, FONTAINE Pierre et RUELLE Christine (dir.), Regards sur la ville. Échanges et réflexions à partir de Liège, 2018. ARON Jacques, Antisémitisme. Usages et mésusages du langage, 2018. BRAHY Rachel, DUMONT Élisabeth (dir.), Dialogues sur la diversité (2e éd.), 2018. GEMENNE FRANÇOIS, ZICKGRAF CAROLINE, DE BRUYCKERE LUKA (eds.), The State of Environmental Migration 2017. A review of 2016, 2017. ARON Jacques, La langue allemande sous la croix gammée. Le singulier dictionnaire de Trübner, 2017. GEMENNE François, ZICKGRAF Caroline, IONESCO Dina (eds.), The State of Environmental Migration 2016. A review of 2015, 2016. GEENEN Vincent, Voyage[s] à travers le thymus, 2016. BRAHY Rachel, DUMONT Élisabeth (dir.), Dialogues sur la Diversité, 2015. DE REGOYOS JACOBO, Belgistan. Le laboratoire nationaliste, 2014. PIROTTE Gautier et GODIN Julie, Coopération au développement. Enquête sur les Initiatives Populaires de Solidarité Internationale, 2013. GOOSSENS Pierre J., L’or à travers les âges. Une histoire pas toujours dorée, 2013. KUTY Olgierd, SCHOENAERS Frédéric, DUBOIS Christophe, DETHIER Baptiste, La médiation scolaire. Un regard des acteurs sur leurs pratiques, 2012. 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 4 25/02/2021 10:08 Table of contents Introduction ..................................................................................... 7 Caroline Zickgraf, Tatiana Castillo Betancourt and Elodie Hut Africa Drought in Somalia ....................................................................... 11 A recurrent pattern affecting the resilience of Somalis and leading to growing urbanisation Romane Messac Asia Performing an Invisibility Spell ....................................................... 39 Exploring the media’s discourse on human migration in the aftermath of the Kerala floods and landslides of 2019 Víctor José Sánchez Juárez Disaster and Displacement Preparedness in the Indian State of Odisha and in Mozambique ........................................................... 61 A comparison of the management of cyclone Fani and cyclone Idai Léa Sanz Europe Floods and Displacement in Italy .................................................. 85 The case study of Budrio Massimo Colonna “They Could Predict Acqua Alta Every Day and We Would Still Stay” ............................................................................................. 109 (Im)mobility outcomes in the aftermath of the november floods in Venice Judith García Moreno Oceania Managing Population Displacement on Burning Land .................. 139 State responsibility and community self-management during the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season Tomas Pierna 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 5 25/02/2021 10:08 The State of Environmental Migration 2020: A review of 2019 South America Dam Failure in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais), Brazil ...................... 165 Short and long-term mobility following an industrial disaster Léa Sobrevilla Contributors Editors ........................................................................................ 187 Authors ....................................................................................... 189 List of images .............................................................................. 192 List of figures .............................................................................. 194 List of tables ............................................................................... 195 - 6 - 01-SEM2020_25FEV.indd 6 25/02/2021 10:08 Introduction Caroline Zickgraf, Tatiana Castillo Betancourt and Elodie Hut n the wake of a pandemic-ridden 2020, the year 2019 may seem a distant Imemory, but the people who lost their homes, jobs, and their loved ones because of environmental disasters (slow or sudden) are unlikely to have so quickly forgotten. Even when disasters are sudden and relatively temporary in duration, recovery and return can take years – if it occurs at all.1 Each year disasters expose, magnify, and exacerbate various pre-ex- isting inequalities within and between populations. Understanding what happened in terms of environment and human mobility in 2019, there- fore, also helps us understand the vulnerabilities of 2020, not just to recurrent environmental shocks or ongoing changes but also to other forms of disaster like conflict or a health crisis. We, the editors, feel it is important to note that migrants and displaced people are some of the most vulnerable populations
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