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A Review on Importance of Upasthita Doshatva in Shodhana Karma International Ayurvedic Medical Journal

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A Review on Importance of Upasthita Doshatva in Shodhana Karma International Ayurvedic Medical Journal INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL Review Article ISSN: 2320 5091 Impact Factor: 4.018 A REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF UPASTHITA DOSHATVA IN SHODHANA KARMA Gaikwad Pranesh Prakash1, Chaudhari Kalpesh Sadanand2, Pachkawade Ganesh Bhikaji3, Sonawane Nirmala4 1Assistant Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 3Assistant Professor, 4Assistant Professor; Department of Panchakarma, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Ayurved, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In Ayurveda, Tridoshas are responsible for both health and diseases in equilibrium and inequilibrium states re- spectively. During the pathogenesis of a disease the Doshas will undergo many Avasthas (stages). One such im- portant Avastha to be remembered and noticed during clinical practise is Upasthita Dosha Avastha. If a physician possess sound knowledge regarding Upasthita Dosha Avastha, he can draw proper treatment plan especially Shodhana Karma (purificatory measures) for patients to relieve the disease as well as to reduce recurrence / re- lapsing of diseases. This article is made to highlight the importance of Upasthita Dosha in Shodhana Chikitsa. Keywords: Tridosha, Upasthita Dosha, Shodhana Karma INTRODUCTION The fundamental principle of Ayurveda is based on cluding the Twak or skin), Koshtha (hollow organs Dosha-Dhatu and Mala’s (excrements). The factor, and cavernous spaces or cavities of body) and which is not only capable of vitiation but also having Marma (vital organs). Dosha needs different treat- the nature of vitiating other factors of the body, is ment as per its site i.e. Koshthadi Sthanam (places known as Dosha1. Ayurved explains various Dosh like Koshtha). Leena Dosha is Anutklishta4 and Gati, Doshas which are present all over the body or Dhatwantarasthita5 Avastha of Dosha, that is the present at their specific site or which move from one Doshas are adhered or concealed deep in the Dhatus place to other is considered as Dosha Gati2. In Prak- (formed elements of the body) in an unexcited state. ruta Dosha Gati, Doshas are in equilibrium state and In the treatment of various diseases, Ayurveda (sci- are present in their own site in the body so they per- ence of Life) nurtures two notions i.e. Shodana (bio form their normal functions. But when these Dosha purification) and Shaman Chikitsa (palliative Treat- get vitiated, Dosha Gati becomes Vikruta3. Dosha ment). As Shodana (Bio purification) is a unique Gati occurs in Roga-Marga (pathway of diseases) therapy enjoys the superiority over the Shaman which includes Shakha (Sharira Dhatus or body tis- Chikitsa treatment. Panchakarma can be performed sues excluding the Rasa Dhatu or plasma and in- whenever Doshas are available in Koshthas (Upast- Gaikwad Pranesh Prakash Et Al:A Review On Importance Of Upasthita Doshatva In Shodhana Karma hita Doshani) in particular form of the suitable Per- as Kala. If it is taken on Shodhanartha kala in such a son6. Here commentator Chakrapani has explained dose which takes about 12 hours to digest, it is ideal that Doshas which are accumulating from Shakhas Snehapana for Shodhana karma11. The dose of to Koshthas from all over the body and Doshas Sneha should be increased in gradual manner as which have changed their forms from Linatva Acharya Charaka has mentioned minimum 3 and (Doshas attached or concealed in Dhatus) to maximum 7 days to achieve all the characteristics of Utkleshita can be said as Upasthita Doshas7. proper Snehana according to Koshta12. Hence one Aim and objectives should not complete Snehapana in one day. Second 1. To study the concept of Upasthita Dosha and its cause for gradual increasing the dose of Sneha dur- importance in Shodhana Chikitsa. ing Snehapana is to acquire maximum utility of 2. To study clinical symptoms of Koshtha Gati. Sneha as Acharya Charaka says, if Snehapana is not Materials and Methods done gradually, it flushes out entirely from the body Only textual materials have been used for this study, (without affecting body) like water poured over an from which various references have been collected. earthen mass quickly flows out without moistening Main Ayurvedic texts used in this study are Charaka it13. Definition of Sneha itself says that, it creates Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, Vishyandata14. Vishyanditata means Vilayana (dis- Ashtanga Hridaya and available commentaries on solve). Lina Doshas are difficult to eliminate in their these classics. The websites, articles have also been own forms, Sneha creates the suitable forms of searched. Doshas for elimination. Sneha also facilitate passage Factors Responsible for Upasthita Doshatva: of Utkleshita Doshas in Srotas and Doshas float Five causes are responsible for the movement of without adhesion in the body, like honey kept in a Doshas from Shakhas to Koshthas i.e. Upasthita pot smeared with fat, toward the Koshtha15. Ushana Doshatva like; 1) Vriddhi of the Doshas Guna is indispensable quality for the Swedana16 2)Vishyandana of the Doshas 3) Paka of Doshas 4) because in Swedana there is always Agnisamashraya Srotomukha Vishodhana 5) Nigrahana of Vata8. either directly or indirectly17. So Doshas get digested These all five causes can be achieved by the Poor- by the Pachana property of the Ushnaswedana. Here vakarmas i.e. Snehana and Swedana. These not only Tikshnaguna of Swedana also helps in Pachana18. bring Doshas from Shakha to Koshtha but also Swedana not only digests Doshas (Paka by the Ag- changes the form of Doshas through which they can nipradipti) but it cleans the orifices of Srotas (also be easily removed from the body9. Srotomukha) consecutively. So without Swedana 1) Vriddhi of the Doshas - Vriddhi of doshas can be Karma movement of Doshas cannot be achieved. done after the Nidana Sevana, but Nidana Sevana 2) Vishyandana of the Doshas - Definition of Sne- may not be able to change the form of the Doshas to hana itself says that Sneha does Vishyandana Vishyandana simultaneously. For Vruddhi of the karma19. Doshas, Sneha is consumed in empty stomach in the 3) Paka of Doshas - Here Swedana Karma plays a morning (after digestion of previous night meal) in key role because Ushnata is essential Guna in the such a dose which takes about 12 or 24 hours to di- Swedana Karma and Ushna Guna does Pachana- gest. The Kala of Shodhanartha Snehapana, an karma20. empty stomach in the morning; at that time the state 4) Srotomukha vishodhana (to clean the orifices of of Agni is not capable to perform Dosha Pachana, Srotas) - While describing the benefits of the So consumed Sneha will be combined (have sam- Swedana Karma, Acharya Sushruta says that skara) with Doshas and causes for Vriddhi of Swedana creates Nirmalatva (cleanliness) in the Sro- Doshas10. Matra of Sneha also has much important tas21. So Swedana cleans the orifices of Srotas. IAMJ: Volume 6, Issue 6, June, 2018 1269 Gaikwad Pranesh Prakash Et Al:A Review On Importance Of Upasthita Doshatva In Shodhana Karma 5) Nigrahana of Vata - The first line of manage- hana 5) Nigrahana of Vata. Vriddhi and Vishayan- ment of Vata dosha according to Acharya Vagbhatta dana of the Dosha can be done prudishly by Sne- is Snehana and Swedana22. So Vata dosha can be hana karma while Swedana does Srotomukha controlled (Nigrahana) very well by the Snehana Vishodhana and Paka of Doshas. Physician can con- and Swedana. trol (Nigrahana) Vatadosha certainly by Snehana In addition to this, form of Doshas transformed to and Swedana Karmas. Thus Shodhana Karma can Klinnatva and Dravatva by Snehana and Swedana be performed only if the Doshas are available in the respectively23, which is necessary for the movement Koshtha i.e. in Upasthita Avastha. of Doshas toward the Koshta as well as for elimina- tion from the body. Snigdha guna is indispensable REFERENCES quality for the Snehana24 and Snigdha guna does the 1. Ashtanga Sangrha Sutrasthana20/05 Ed. Shivprasad Kledana karma25. Drava guna of Sneha also helps Sharma, Reprint ed. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Praka- in Kledana karma26. Ushna and Tikshna gunas of shana, Varanasi, 2009 the Swedana transform Doshas in Drava form27. 2. Ayurvediya Maulika Siddhanta – Sanskrita book by Symptoms of Upasthita Dosha: Prof. Vinayaka J. Thakar, G. A. University Jamnagar, 1985 Panchakarma is a mainly Shodhana (purification) 3. CharakaSamhita Sutrasthana17/115 with Ayurved process. Doshagati during Shodhana process is due Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta by Pt. Ka- to movement of vitiated Dosha from Shakha to Ko- shinath Shastri Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji shtha. Charaka explained symptoms of Shakha to Acharya, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Vara- Koshtha Gati during Vamana Karma (process of nasi. 2009 emesis). Appearance of sweat indicates that Dosha 4. Charaka Samhita Chikitsasthana15/75 with Ayurved has been liquefied, Lomaharsha (sensation of inter- Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta by Pt. Ka- nal pain along with shivering at the root of hair folli- shinath Shastri Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji cles) indicates movement of Dosha from its Sthana, Acharya, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Vara- Adhmana indicates arrival of Dosha in Kukshi (Ko- nasi. 2009 5. Shushruta Samhita Uttartantra 39/65 Edited by shtha) and Horripilation indicates the movement of Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji, Reprint ed. Chaukhambha Dosha in upward tendency28. Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi. 2010 6. Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana2/15 with Ayurved CONCLUSION Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta by Pt. Ka- If Panchakarma i.e. Shodhana is performed when shinath Shastri Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Doshas spread all over the body or in Leena Acharya, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Vara- Avastha, it will not only be able to eliminate all nasi. 2009 Doshas from the body but also causes harm to the 7. Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana2/15 with Ayurved body just as attempts of extracting juice from an un- Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta by Pt. Ka- shinath Shastri Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji ripe fruit leads to destruction of the dwelling place Acharya, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Vara- itself, so it will be very difficult to expel Dosha out nasi.
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