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Neighboring Risk BOOK
Neighboring Risk An Alternative Approach to Understanding and Responding to Hazards and Vulnerability in Pakistan Neighboring Risk: An Alternative Approach to Understanding and Responding to Hazards and Vulnerability in Pakistan Published by: Rural Development Policy Institute (RDPI), Islamabad Copyright © 2010 Rural Development Policy Institute Office 6, Ramzan Plaza, G 9 Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: +92 51 285 6623, +92 51 285 4523 Fax: +92 51 285 4783 URL: www.rdpi.org.pk This publication is produced by RDPI with financial support from Plan Pakistan. Citation is encouraged. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non- commercial purpose is authorized without prior written permission from RDPI, provided the source is fully acknowledged.Production, resale or other commercial purposes are prohibited without prior written permission from RDPI, Islamabad, Pakistan. Citation: RDPI, Neighboring Risk, Islamabad, 2010 Authored by: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu Research Team: Beenish Kulsoom, Saqib Shehzad, Tariq Chishti, Tailal Masood, Gulzar Habib, Abida Nasren, Qaswer Abbas Text Editing: Masood Alam Cover & Layout Design: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu Photos: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu, Saqib Shehzad, Beenish Kulsoom, Tariq Chishti, Asif Khattak Printed by: Khursheed Printers, 15-Khayaban-e-Suhrawardy, Aabpara, Islamabad. Ph: 051-2277399 Available from: Rural Development Policy Institute Office 6, Ramzan Plaza, G-9 Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: +92 51 285 6623, +92 51 285 4523 Fax: +92 51 285 4783 Website: www.rdpi.org.pk Be a part of it Rural Development Policy Institute (RDPI) is a civil 'Plan' is an international organization working in initiative aimed to stimulate public dialogue on policies, Pakistan since 1997. Plan's activities focus on safe inform public action, and activate social regrouping to motherhood and child survival, children's access to celebrate capacities and address vulnerabilities of quality education, water and sanitation, community resource-poor rural communities in Pakistan. -
Water Quality Characteristics of Keenjhar Lake, Sindh Pakistan
World Applied Sciences Journal 27 (3): 297-301, 2013 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.03.81130 Water Quality Characteristics of Keenjhar Lake, Sindh Pakistan Muhammad Afzal Farooq, Arif Zubair, S. Shahid Shaukat, Muhammad Usama Zafar and Waqar Ahmad Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi, Pakistan Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the water quality of KeenjharLake and its canal leading to Dhabeji treatment and pumping plant. Fourteen samples were collected deterministically from various areas of the lake. Twenty-two water quality parameters were measured in all collected samples, including Turbidity, DO, TDS, chloride, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, sulphate, six heavy metals and coliform bacteria. Most of the physicochemical parameters were within the WHO permissible limits. The water samples from Kotri and Dhabeji (before pumping station) were of poor quality characterized by the levels of Pb, Cd, Cu and nitrate that exceeded the WHO permissible limits. Key words: Water Quality Keejhar Lake Physicochemical Properties Kotriand Dhabeji INTRODUCTION Table 1: Fourteen samples with its area and site location S. No. Area Locations KeenjharLake is one of the biggest man-made 1 Dhabeji Pumping Station lakesthroughout Asia and is an important freshwater 2 Dhabeji After pumping reservoir,not only to the inhabitants of Karachi [1] but 3 Keenjhar Lake Inlet 4 Keenjhar Lake Outlet also forsome parts of Thatta district [2]. It is situated 113 5 Keenjher Lake Middle km away from Karachi city at Latitude 24-25° N and 6 Gharo City Longitude 68-69° NE. -
Environmental Impact of Pollutants on Water Quality of Keenjhar Lake, Thatta
Desalination and Water Treatment 173 (2020) 166–176 www.deswater.com January doi: 10.5004/dwt.2020.24813 Environmental impact of pollutants on water quality of Keenjhar Lake, Thatta Mushtaq Ahmed Nizamania, Muzafar Ali Nizamanib, Qadeer Khan Panhwarb,*, Tahira Sarwar Khokharc aFaculty of Agriculture Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan, email: [email protected] bDr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, email: [email protected] (Q.K. Panhwar), [email protected] (M. Ali Nizamani) cNational Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan, email: [email protected] Received 4 February 2019; Accepted 23 August 2019 abstract Keenjhar Lake is the main source of drinking water for the metropolitan city of Karachi. The release of untreated wastewater from Kotri industrial area and other sources have made the lake water polluted. This study was subjected to determine the impact of such pollutant sources on the water quality of Keenjhar Lake. The study involves analysis of water quality parameters of Keenjhar Lake and its feeding source (KB Feeder). The sampling sites were selected based on the sources of con- tamination. The water samples are tested for physical, chemical and micro biological parameters. The result of water analysis indicates the contamination level of lake is quite alarming for the sites of Kotri effluent and WAPDA colony where total dissolved solids, chlorides and other ionic metals were quite higher in concentration than other sites. These sites are also contaminated with fluo- ride and arsenic which are carcinogenic elements. The study reveals that the contamination level of feeding source is causing a big non-reversible damage to the lake if continued to be uncontrolled. -
Why Invest in Tourism in Pakistan? Examining Evidence from Keenjhar Lake
Policy Brief Number 53-11, June 2011 Why invest in Tourism in Pakistan? Examining Evidence from Keenjhar Lake Regional and sectoral development within a country is never straight In the fiscal year 2004-2005 the STDC forward and offers many challenges. In this policy brief, we examine the received PKR 2.5 million (USD 30,599) recreational use of Pakistan’s largest freshwater lake and ask whether worth of grant-in-aid financial support. further investment in tourism development is warranted. The study is However, it also recently requested the work of Ali Dehlavi and Iftikhar Hussain Adil from the Indus for All approximately the same amount as Programme of the World Wide Fund for Nature, Pakistan. a one-time grant to help overcome a “financial crisis”. As a public limited Keenjhar lake is a large fresh water lake in Sindh Province that supplies fish, company, the corporation has to recreational services and drinking water to Karachi. One issue in developing the justify the money it receives from the region around the lake is whether there is a significant amount of tourism flow to the government. The STDC is therefore area. This study estimates that, on average, approximately 1,000 visitors come to interested in understanding the the lake every day for recreation. The value visitors place on recreation at Keenjhar economic value of the recreational lake is around PKR 3.5 billion (or USD 42 million1). In contrast, current revenues services it manages. This study attempts to the government from entrance and parking fee collections amount to about 0.2% to provide this information. -
Abeda Begum.Pmd
Current World Environment Vol. 8(3), 395-402 (2013) Current Status of Mammals and Reptiles at Hub Dam Area, Sindh / Balochistan, Pakistan ABEDA BEGUM*1, M ZAHEER KHAN2, ABDUR RAZAQ KHAN3, AFSHEEN ZEHRA2, BABAR HUSSAIN4, SAIMA SIDDIQUI4 and FOZIA TABBASSUM2 1Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. 3Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) limited, Karachi, Pakistan. 4Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.8.3.08 (Received: October 01, 2013; Accepted: November 02, 2013) ABSTRACT During the present study in 2012, a total of twenty four mammalian species were recorded belonging to 5 orders and 10 families; out of these, 8 species are less common, 2 species are rare, while 14 species are common in Hub Dam area. Twenty five reptilian species belonging to 3 orders and 12 families were also recorded from the area. Three species of mammalian Urial (Ovis vignei), Chinkara/Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) and Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), one reptilian species Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) were recorded as rare from the study area during 2012. During the present study, nine mammalian species Wild Goat/Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus), Urial (Ovis vignei), Chinkara/Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii), Indian Hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus), Cape Hare (Lepus capensis), Little Indian Field Mouse (Mus booduga), House Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), Balochistan Gerbil (Gerbillus nanus) and Indian Gerbil (Tatera indica) and two reptilian Warty Rock Gecko (Cyrtodactylus kachhensis kachhensis) and Banded Dwarf Gecko (Tropiocolotes helenae) were recorded from the area. -
Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S
Pakistan Journal of Meteorology Vol. 9, Issue 17: Jul 2012 Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S. Rehman1, M. A. Shah2 Abstract In this paper, the study was conducted across the country to assess the rainfall trend in different climate zones of Pakistan over the past three decades. For this purpose dataset comprising 30 years for the period 1976 to 2005 were acquired from 30 meteorological observatories from different parts of the country. The whole data was analyzed through Analysis Of Variations (ANOVA) along Dunnett T3 test. The result has shown a decreasing trend (-1.18mm/decade) all over the country, which may be attributed to the presence of drought period during 1998- 2001. Stations located in different zones of the country mainly from North, North West, West and Coastal areas respectively show overall significant decreasing trend whereas plain areas and South West of the country have been observed with no significant trend. Adverse consequences of the rainfall have already been observed in Pakistan in the form of droughts and super floods which have badly affected human settlements, water management and agriculture sectors. Keywords: Rainfall trend, Climate zones, ANOVA test along Dunnett T3 test. Introduction The issue of climate change has emerged very strongly during the last two decades on global scale in view of its projected implications on the environment of vulnerable states. Steadily rising temperature and its impacts on the cryosphere and rainfall are evident in many regions around the world. There are indications that Pakistan has had its share of the large climatic variations that are known to have taken place in northwest India in the past. -
Keenjhar Lake Brochure
K e e n j h a r L a k e ildlife A W Sanc Introduction tua ry f one imagines a lake with deep blue waters, one can not but a imagine Keenjhar Lake in district Thatta. It is one of the largest nd Iperennial freshwater lakes in Pakistan, with extensive reed- R beds and flowering plants of lotus. This lake supports a very a diverse flora, fauna and is an important breeding, staging and m wintering ground for a wide variety of waterfowl. Keenjhar lake is s a Wildlife sanctuary and a Ramsar site. a r Historically, Keenjhar Lake is formed by the union of two lakes, S Vision of the Indus Ecoregion Programme i namely Sonehri and Keenjhar, through the construction of a t bund (embankment) on their eastern side. The purpose of e constructing the bund was to supply drinking water to the residents of Karachi during the 1950s. The local people recount, that prior to the construction of the bund, the two lakes would join every year during the rainy season due to overflow. The main source of water for the lakes at the time was a dozen hill torrents on the western side. Originally, both the lakes came into existence when River Indus changed its course. Geographical location The lake (24o 57'N 68o 03' E)) is situated at a distance of about 19 km north and north-east of Thatta town. It is about 24 km long and 6 km wide with an irregular shoreline of about 192 km. Its maximum depth is 26 feet and the total area of the lake is approximately 9842 Ha. -
Memo Provided By: Globaledge.Msu.Edu and EXPORT.GOV
Pakistan Introduction Key Economic Facts Risk Assessment (Provided by Coface) Pakistan is a country located in South Asia. It has a Income Level (by per capita Lower Middle Income Country rating: D - A high-risk political and economic coastline along the Arabia Sea and the Gulf of Oman and is GNI): situation and an often very difficult business environment bordered by Afghanistan, China, India, and Iran. The Level of Development: Developing can have a very significant impact on corporate payment geography of Pakistan is diverse with the GDP, PPP (current international $1,060.75 billion (2019) Thar Desert in the east and the Hindu $): behavior. Corporate default probability is very high. Kush and Pamir mountain ranges in the GDP growth (annual %): 0.99% (2019) Business Climate rating: C - The business environment is north. The government system is a federal GDP per capita, PPP (current $4,898.05 (2019) difficult. Corporate financial information is often unavailable parliamentary republic; the chief of state is international $): and when available often unreliable. Debt collection is the president, and the head of government is the prime External debt stocks, total $100,818,526,514.40 (2019) unpredictable. The institutional framework has many minister. Pakistan has a mixed economic system with a (DOD, current US$): combination of free-market activity and government Manufacturing, value added (% 12.46% (2019) troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run intervention. Pakistan is a of GDP): major risks in the difficult environments rated C. member of the South Asian Current account balance (BoP, -$7.14 billion (2019) Strengths current US$): Association for Regional • Large internal market supported by dynamic Cooperation (SAARC). -
Sindh, Pakistan
Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 3(1): 1-10, 2008 © 2008, INSInet Publication Fish diversity in relation to physcio-chemical properties of Keenjhar Lake (District, Thatta), Sindh, Pakistan A.L. Korai, G.A. Sahato and K.H. Lashari. Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Abstract: Present study deals with fish diversity and physico-chemical properties of Keenjhar Lake. 51 species were recorded during, January to December 2005 higher than that of previous observations. Various physico-chemical properties such as (Temperature, pH, Alkanity, D.O, Salinity, Conductivity, T.D.S, Chloride, Transparency and Hardness) were recorded on monthly basis from Keenjhar Lake, district, Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan which ranged between 31±0.82 to 22±0.82ºC, 8.73±0.09 to 7.63±0.17, 256.6±25.32 to 177.3±11.14 mgL-1, 9.16±0.24 to 7.2±0.14 mgL-1, 0.23±0.047 to 0.01±0.04 ‰, 302.33±13.57 to 172.3±10.84 µscm-1, 358.33±23.21 to 218.33±11.78 mgL-1, 187.23±19.69 to 114.73±18.5 mgL-1, 73.33±11.89 to 42.33±6.34 cm and 338.33±8.49 to 130±8.16 mgL-1, respectively which were suitable for growth of flora and stocking of fish species. Key words: Fish diversity, Keenjhar Lake, Physico-chemical properties INTRODUCTION body of water that generate residential wastes, untreated or partially treated sewage, agricultural Keenjhar Lake was created by providing a link runoff, urban pollutants, and so forth. -
Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census at Important Wetlands of Sindh January
Research Report on Mid-winter Waterfowl Census at Important Wetlands of Sindh January- 2017 Compiled by: Mehrban Ali Brohi Rasheed Ahmed Khan Zoologist Game Officer Zoological Survey of Pakistan Sindh Wildlife Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are obliged to Conservator Sindh Wildlife Department, Mr. Saeed Akthar Baloch for his cooperation and extending logistic and field support. We are also thankful to Deputy Conservator Wildlife Sukkar Taj Muhammad Sheikh and Deputy Conservator Wildlife, Shaheed Benazirabad Mr. Dara Munir Qazi and Assistant Conservator Wildlife Mr. Ameer Hussain Jageerni for their cooperation and guidance during field surveys. We are also thankful to Mr. Mohsin Ali Brohi (Assistant Director Wildlife), Mr. Ejaz Nondani (Incharge Game Inspector Badin), Mr. Sikandar Tunio (Game Inspector Lungh Lake), Mr. Rahib Shar (Game Watcher Sanghar), Mr. Mazhar Abro (Game Watcher at Hammal lake) and Mr. Muharram Kichi (Driver) who actively participated in filed surveys. Thanks are also due to all those unknown people who helped the team members in one way or the other in the field. (Cover Photo by Fahad Siddiqi) Sr. NO. Contents Page No 1) Introduction 1 2) Site Description 2-10 3) Materials and Methods 10 4) Results 11-12 5) Results & Discussion 13-14 6) Recommendations 14 7) References 15 Annual Mid-winter Waterfowl Census at Important Wetlands of Sindh January 2017 Introduction: - The mid-winter waterfowl census is a coordinated international scheme for the collection and dissemination of knowledge on water birds and wetland. This activity is conducted globally since 1970’s and had previously been coordinated by International Waterfowl Research Bureau (IWRB) and Asian wetlands bureau, results of which are being published since 1987. -
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Indus Ecoregion Fisheries
AAsssseessssmmeenntt ooff CClliimmaattee CChhaannggee IImmppaacctt oonn IInndduuss EEccoorreeggiioonn FFiisshheerriieess Disaster Risk Reduction Measures for Aquaculture IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (IFRO) February, 2014 Authored by: Dr Hossein Negarestan Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Indus Ecoregion Fisheries Disaster Risk Reduction Measures for Aquaculture Table of contents S. No Content Page No. 1. Introduction 2 2. Aquaculture Sector Profile 5 2.1. Services or Service Flows from Aquaculture in the Indus Ecoregion 5 2.2. Vulnerability of the Sector to Climate Change Hazards 6 3. Identification of Risks, Hazards and Disasters 7 3.1. Description of Methodology and Proposed Methodological Approach 9 February, 2014 3.1.1. Available Primary and Secondary Data 9 | 3.1.2. Event Analysis Techniques Used Relying on the Available Data 9 3.1.3. Frequency Distribution Analysis Technique 9 4.. Results 9 4.1. Results of Analysis of Climate Risks with Emphasis on Floods 9 4.2. Results of Analysis of Frequency of Extreme Events with Emphasis on 12 Floods 5. Impacts 15 6 Risk Reduction Techniques 17 7 Conclusion 17 7. References 18 Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Indus Ecoregion Fisheries 1 1. Introduction Indus River originating from Tibetan Plateau flows through Pakistan from north to south. It is main source of agricultural irrigation, drinking water of urban and rural areas, industrial use and aquaculture. There is great potential for increase in aquaculture of Pakistan. It can help in food production in poorest parts of the country. It can also generate working opportunities in the region. The Indus River ends in Arabian Sea with a vast delta that provides well suited ground for agriculture, fishing and aquaculture. -
Most Important Mcqs (Set IV) for CSS, PMS, PCS, NTS
Pakistan Studies/Affairs: Most Important MCQs (Set IV) for CSS, PMS, PCS, NTS Chashma Barrage was built in: (a) 1960 (b) 1965 (c) 1971 (d) 1975 Answer: c Rasul Barrage was constructed in: (a) 1968 (b) 1970 (c) 1971 (d) 1972 Answer: a Rasul Barrage was built on the river: (a) Jhelum (b) Ravi (c) Chenab (d) Indus Answer: a Marala Barrage was constructed on the river: (a) Indus (b) Ravi (c) Chenab (d) Jehlum Answer: c Check Also: Important and Most Wanted MCQs about Current Federal Cabinet of Pakistan Tirich Mir is the highest peak of: (a) Salt Range (b) Hindukash (c) Koh-i-Sulman (d) K-2 Answer: b The total height of the Tirich Mir is: Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 Pakistan Studies/Affairs: Most Important MCQs (Set IV) for CSS, PMS, PCS, NTS (a) 7000 metres (b) 7300 metres (c) 7600 metres (d) 7699 metres Answer: d The second highest peak of Hindukash is: (a) Sikeram (b) Sakesar (c) Noshaq (d) K-2 Answer: c The southern side of the Himalayas is called: (a) Sakesar (b) Siwalik (c) Koh-e-Sufaid (d) Swat Answer: b The highest peak of the Koh-e-Safaid is: (a) Takatu (b) Sikeram (c) Kalachitta (d) Swat Answer: b Tanda Dam is on the river: (a) Kabul (b) Kohat Toi (c) Swat (d) Ravi Answer: b Ras Koh lies between: (a) Balochistan Plateau and Indus Plains (b) Balochistan Plateau and Punjab Plains (c) Murree and Abbottabad (d) Multan and D. G. Khan Answer: a Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 2 Pakistan Studies/Affairs: Most Important MCQs (Set IV) for CSS, PMS, PCS, NTS Check also: Geography of Pakistan MCQs | Pakistan Studies/Affairs Notes (Set-I) The Salt Range is located in the ____ side of the river Indus.