Appendix A

Troubleshooting Checklist

Troubleshooting Steps for the SkyPortal Alignment

If you are having difficulty with your SkyPortal system, please review these steps before calling for technical support: 1. Do you have a fully charged the battery in your mobile device (iPad, iPhone, Android device)? If Yes then proceed, if No, please charge your device’s bat- tery before moving forward. 2. Have you disabled the “Sleep” mode on your smart device? 3. Is the tripod relatively level? 4. When Locking the Altitude and Azimuth Axises, be sure they are securely tightened. You may want to try this with the mount off fi rst to see how much pressure is required to lock the axis. 5. Low voltage: Whenever the mount experiences low voltage you may have prob- lems. We strongly encourage all users to fully charge both the mount and smart device prior to the observing session. See step 1! 6. Have you properly aligned the StarPointer red-dot fi nder? 7. Are you using your lowest power, widest fi eld eyepiece for the alignment procedure? 8. Is the ambient temperature below 32 °F or above 95 °F? If so, take measures to protect your smart device from these cold or heat extremes.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 165 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 166 Appendix A

9. Are the alignment stars in different parts of the sky, and at least 10° apart. The Celestron SkyAlign process requires three alignment stars for accurate searches. 10. Are the alignment stars at least 20° above the horizon? The refractive effects of the Earth’s atmosphere near the horizon introduces inaccuracies to the alignment. 11. When all else fails, TOTOTA ! Turn Off, Turn On, Try Again! Appendix B

Celestron Timeline

1960 Electronics engineer and owner/president of Valor Electronics Tom Johnson starts an astro-optical division to build telescopes. 1962 The fi rst product is unveiled to the Los Angeles Astronomical Society star party. The 18.5 in. Cassegrain telescope is well-received. 1963 The Celestronic 20 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope , or C20 is unveiled. Johnson used a novel production method for producing the C20 optics. 1964 The fi rst advertisement for the C20 premieres. By May, the name Celestron Pacifi c appears in a C20 ad. By December, Valor Electronics disappears, renamed offi cially Celestron Pacifi c. 1966 Celestron introduces the fi rst commercially available Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes (SCTs) 1969 Celestron introduces a full line of SCTs. 1970 Celestron begins printing, supplying, and distributing product catalogs. The orange tube C8 is introduced for $995. 16 in. and 22 in. observatory size telescopes are offered. 1971 Celestron introduces the C-5 5-in. SCT, along with the fi rst commercially available cold camera. 1972 Celestron relocates its production facilities to Torrence, CA. The C-14 14 in. SCT is introduced. 1973 Alan Hale becomes Celestron president. 1976 Celestron branded binoculars are introduced. 1978 Alan Hale becomes CEO of Celestron. New facilities in Torrence CA.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 167 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 168 Appendix B

1979 The C-90 Maksutov-Cassegrain is introduced. Spotter or astro versions are availble, with the astro version mounted on a single-arm fork mount with clock drive. 1980 Celestron is sold to a Swiss holding company Diethelm. Johnson retires, and Hale remains president and CEO of Celestron. 1983 Celestron changes the tube color from orange to black, due to presence of toxic materials in the orange pigment. Enhanced StarBright coatings are introduced on the new Super C-8. 1984 Celestron partnered with Vixen introduce the fi rst computerized GoTo German equatorial mount , the Super Polaris mount with Sky Sensor . 1987 The author buys his fi rst Celestron telescope, an orange tube C-5. 1996 The Ultima 2000 computerized GoTo 8-in. SCT is introduced. 1997 Celestron introduced the Fastar system, an option on their SCT product line, enabling f/2 imaging with the removal of the Cassegrain secondary and replacing it with a CCD camera designed for this application. 1998 Diethelm sells Celestron to Tasco. 2001 The Nexstar GPS line of GoTo SCTs with integrated GPS is introduced. 2002 Three employees, including Alan Hale, purchase Celestron from Tasco. 2003 Celestron improves its coatings with the introduction of StarBright XLT. 2004 The author acquires a Celestron 11 GPS . (“It followed me home! Can I keep it?”) 2005 As a result of a legal dispute with rival Meade Corp., Celestron introduces SkyAlign three star alignment process. Synta Technology Corporation pur- chases Celestron. 2006 SkyScout Personal Planetarium is introduced. Nexstar SE GoTo SCTs are introduced. 2008 The Celestron CGEM GoTo mount is introduced. 2009 Celestron introduces the EdgeHD line of telescopes and the CGE line of heavy duty GoTo mounts . 2011 StarSense technology is introduced, enabling automatic GoTo alignment using a dedicated CCD imager and on-board fi rmware. 2014 The Celestron Evolution series of telescopes using Sky Portals Wifi con- nectivity is introduced. 2016 The Celestron NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User Guide is published. Appendix C

Celestron NexStar Evolution Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope Specifications

Celestron NexStar Evolution 6 Optical design Schmidt-Cassegrain Aperture 150 mm Focal length 1500 mm Focal ratio 10 Focal length of eyepiece 1 40 mm Focal length of eyepiece 2 13 mm Magnifi cation of eyepiece 1 ×38 Magnifi cation of eyepiece 2 ×115 Finderscope StarPointer Star diagonal 1.25″ Mount type Single Fork Arm Altazimuth Tripod Stainless steel Power requirements Internal LiFePO4 battery included Highest useful magnifi cation ×354 Lowest useful magnifi cation ×21 Limiting Stellar magnitude 13.4 Resolution (Rayleigh) 0.93 arc s Resolution (Dawes) 0.77 arc s Light gathering power (compared to human eye) ×459 Secondary mirror obstruction 2.2 in Secondary mirror obstruction by area 14 % Secondary mirror obstruction by diameter 37 % (continued)

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 169 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 170 Appendix C

(continued) Optical design Schmidt-Cassegrain Optical coatings StarBright XLT Optical tube length 16 in Total telescope kit weight 35.4 lbs Max slew speed 4°/s Tracking rates Sidereal, lunar, solar Alignment procedures SkyAlign , auto two-star align , two-star align , one-star align , solar system align Communication ports One hand control and three aux ports for optional accessories SkyPortal app database Over 120,000 including 220 of the best deep sky and solar system objects USB charge port Yes

Celestron NexStar Evolution 8

Optical design Schmidt Cassegrain Aperture 203.2 mm Focal length 2032 mm Focal ratio 10 Focal length of eyepiece 1 40 mm Focal length of eyepiece 2 13 mm Magnifi cation of eyepiece 1 ×51 Magnifi cation of eyepiece 2 ×156 Finderscope StarPointer Star diagonal 1.25″ Mount type Single fork arm altazimuth Tripod Stainless steel Power requirements Internal LiFePO4 battery included HIghest useful magnifi cation ×480 Lowest useful magnifi cation ×29 Limiting stellar magnitude 14 Resolution (Rayleigh) 0.69 arc s Resolution (Dawes) 0.57 arc s Light gathering power (compared to human eye) ×843 Secondary mirror obstruction 2.5 in. (64 mm) Secondary mirror obstruction by area 9.77 % Optical coatings StarBright XLT Optical tube length 17 in Total telescope kit weight 40.6 lbs Max slew speed 4°/s Tracking rates Sidereal, solar and lunar Alignment procedures SkyAlign , auto two-star align , two star align, one-star align , solar system align (continued) Appendix C 171

(continued) Optical design Schmidt Cassegrain Communication ports One hand control and three aux ports for optional accessories SkyPortal app database Over 120,000 including 220 of the best deep sky and solar system objects USB charge port Yes

Celestron NexStar Evolution 9.25

Optical design Schmidt-Cassegrain Aperture 235 mm Focal length 2350 mm Focal ratio 10 Focal length of eyepiece 1 40 mm Focal length of eyepiece 2 13 mm Magnifi cation of eyepiece 1 ×59 Magnifi cation of eyepiece 2 ×180 Finderscope StarPointer Star diagonal 1.25″ Mount type Single fork arm altazimuth Tripod Heavy-duty stainless steel Power requirements Internal LiFePO4 battery included Highest useful magnifi cation ×555 Lowest useful magnifi cation ×34 Limiting stellar magnitude 14.4 Resolution (Rayleigh) 0.59 arc s Resolution (Dawes) 0.49 arc s Light gathering power (compared to human eye) ×1127 Optical coatings StarBright XLT Secondary mirror obstruction 3.35 in (85 mm) Secondary mirror obstruction by diameter 36 % Secondary mirror obstruction by area 13 % Optical tube length 22 in Total telescope kit weight 46.6 lbs Max slew speed 4°/s Tracking rates Sidereal, solar and lunar Alignment procedures SkyAlign , auto two-star align , two star align , one-star align , solar system align Communication ports One hand control and three aux ports for optional accessories SkyPortal app database Over 120,000 including 220 of the best deep sky and solar system objects USB charge port Yes

Appendix D

Messier Catalog

During his lifetime, Charles Messier (1730–1817) was an astronomer noted for his comet discoveries. He found 13 comets and shared in seven more independent co- discoveries. Messier compiled a list of deep sky objects that would were easily confused for comets to help him in his comet searches. Ironically, he is more famous today for his list of non-comet deep sky objects than his comet discoveries . Known as the Messier catalog, it contains 110 objects (actually 109 because of a duplication), including nebulae, clusters and galaxies. The list is fully contained within both the SkyPortal and the Nexstar+ hand controller databases. Many of the Messier objects in the SkyPortal database include photographs of the objects and Celestron Audio.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 173 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 174 Appendix D

Messier App number Common name Constellation R.A. H:M.S DEC mag Type M1 Crab nebula Taurus 5:34.5 22°01′ 8.4 Planetary nebula M2 Aquarius 21:33.5 −00°49′ 6.5 Globular cluster M3 Canes 13:42.2 28°23′ 6.4 Globular cluster Venatici M4 Scorpius 16:23.6 −26°32′ 5.9 Globular cluster M5 Serpens 15:18.5 2°05′ 5.8 Globular cluster M6 Butterfl y Scorpius 17:40.0 −32°13′ 4.2 Open cluster cluster M7 Ptolemy Scorpius 17:54.0 −34°49′ 3.3 Open cluster cluster M8 Lagoon nebula Sagittarius 18:03.7 −24°23′ 5.8 Emission nebula M9 Ophiuchus 17:19.2 −18°31′ 7.9 Globular Cluster M10 Ophiuchus 16:57.2 −4°06′ 6.6 Globular cluster M11 Wild duck Scutum 18:51.1 −6°16′ 5.8 Open cluster cluster M12 Ophiuchus 16:47.2 −1°57′ 6.6 Globular cluster M13 Hercules Hercules 16:41.7 36°28′ 5.9 Globular cluster cluster M14 Ophiuchus 17:37.6 −3°15′ 7.6 Globular cluster M15 Pegasus 21:30.0 12°10′ 6.4 Globular cluster M16 Eagle nebula Serpens 18:18.9 −13°47′ 6 Emission nebula M17 Omega, swan, Sagittarius 18:20.8 −16°11′ 7 Nebula horseshoe, or lobster nebula M18 Sagittarius 18:19.9 −17°08′ 6.9 Open cluster M19 Ophiuchus 17:02.6 −26°16′ 7.2 Globular cluster M20 Trifi d nebula Sagittarius 18:02.4 −23°02′ 8.5 Diffuse nebula M21 Sagittarius 18:04.7 −22°30′ 5.9 Open cluster M22 Sagittarius Sagittarius 18:36.4 −23°54′ 5.1 Globular cluster cluster M23 Sagittarius 17:56.9 −19°01′ 5.5 Open cluster M24 Sagittarius star Sagittarius 18:16.4 −18°29′ 4.5 Open cluster cloud M25 Sagittarius 18:31.7 −19°15′ 4.6 Open cluster M26 Scutum 18:45.2 −9°24′ 8 Open cluster M27 Dumbbell Vulpecula 19:59.6 22°43′ 8.1 Planetary nebula nebula M28 Sagittarius 18:24.6 −24°52′ 6.9 Globular cluster M29 Cygnus 20:23.0 38°32′ 6.6 Open cluster M30 Capricornus 21:40.4 −23°11′ 7.5 Globular cluster M31 Andromeda Andromeda 0:42.7 41°16′ 3.4 Spiral galaxy galaxy M32 Andromeda 0:42.7 40°52′ 8.2 Elliptical galaxy M33 Pinwheel Triangulum 1:33.8 30°39′ 5.7 Spiral galaxy galaxy M34 Perseus 2:42.0 42°47′ 5.2 Open cluster (continued) Appendix D 175

(continued) Messier App number Common name Constellation R.A. H:M.S DEC mag Type M35 Gemini 6:08.8 24°20′ 5.1 Open cluster M36 Auriga 5:36.3 34°08′ 6 Open cluster M37 Auriga 5:52.0 32°33′ 5.6 Open cluster M38 Auriga 5:28.7 35°50′ 6.4 Open cluster M39 Cygnus 21:32.3 48°26′ 4.6 Open cluster M40 Winnecke 4 Ursa Major 12:22.2 68°05′ 8 Dbl star M41 Canis Major 6:47.0 −20°44′ 4.5 Open cluster M42 Great orion Orion 5:35.3 −5°27′ 4 Nebula nebula M43 De Mairan’s Orion 5:35.5 −5°16′ 9 Nebula nebula M44 Beehive cluster Cancer 8:40.0 19°59′ 3.1 Open cluster M45 Pleiades Taurus 3:47.5 24°07′ 1.2 Open cluster M46 Puppis 7:41.8 −14°49′ 6.1 Open cluster M47 Puppis 7:36.6 −14°30′ 4.4 Open cluster M48 Hydra 8:13.8 −5°48′ 5.8 Open cluster M49 Virgo 12:29.8 8°00′ 8.4 Elliptical galaxy M50 Monoceros 7:03.0 −8°20′ 5.9 Open cluster M51 Whirlpool Canes 13:29.9 47°12′ 8.1 Spiral galaxy galaxy Venatici M52 Cassiopeia 23:24.2 61°35′ 6.9 Open cluster M53 Coma 13:12.9 18°10′ 7.7 Globular cluster Berenices M54 Sagittarius 18:55.1 −30°29′ 7.7 Globular cluster M55 Sagittarius 19:40 0.0 −30°68′ 7 Globular cluster M56 Lyra 19:16.6 30°11′ 8.2 Globular cluster M57 Ring nebula Lyra 18:53.6 33°02′ 9 Planetary nebula M68 Virgo 12:37.7 11°49′ 9.8 Spiral galaxy M59 Virgo 12:42.0 11°39′ 9.8 Elliptical galaxy M70 Virgo 12:43.7 11°33′ 8.8 Elliptical galaxy M61 Virgo 12:21.9 4°28′ 9.7 Spiral galaxy M62 Ophiuchus 17:01.2 −30°07′ 6.6 Globular cluster M68 Sunfl ower Canes 13:15.8 42°02′ 8.6 Spiral galaxy galaxy Venatici M64 Black eye Coma 12:56.7 21°41′ 8.5 Spiral galaxy galaxy Berenices M50 Leo’s triplet Leo 11:18.9 13°05′ 9.3 Spiral galaxy M66 Leo’s triplet Leo 11:20.3 12°59′ 9 Spiral galaxy M67 Cancer 8:50.3 11°49′ 6.9 Open cluster M68 Hydra 12:39.5 −26°45′ 8.2 Globular cluster M69 Sagittarius 18:31.4 −32°21′ 7.7 Globular cluster M70 Sagittarius 18:43.2 −32°18′ 8.1 Globular cluster M70 Sagitta 19:53.7 18°47′ 8.3 Globular cluster M72 Aquarius 20:53.5 −12°32′ 9.4 Globular cluster M73 Aquarius 20:68.0 −12°38′ Asterism (continued) 176 Appendix D

(continued) Messier App number Common name Constellation R.A. H:M.S DEC mag Type M74 Pisces 1:36.7 15°47′ 9.2 Spiral galaxy M75 Sagittarius 20:06.1 −21°55′ 8.6 Globular cluster M76 Cork nebula, Perseus 1:42.2 51°34′ 11.5 Planetary nebula little dumbbell M77 Cetus 2:42.7 0°01′ 8.8 Spiral galaxy M78 Orion 5:46.7 0°03′ 8 Nebula M79 Lepus 5:24.2 −24°33′ 8 Globular cluster M80 Scorpius 16:17.0 −22°59′ 7.2 Globular cluster M81 Bodes nebula Ursa Major 9:55.8 69°04′ 6.8 Spiral galaxy M82 Cigar galaxy Ursa Major 9:56.2 69°41′ 8.4 Irregular galaxy M83 Southern Hydra 13:37.7 −29°52′ 7.6 Spiral galaxy pinwheel galaxy M84 Virgo 12:25.1 12°53′ 9.3 Elliptical galaxy M85 Coma 12:25.4 18°11′ 9.2 Elliptical galaxy Berenices M86 Virgo 12:26.2 12°57′ 9.2 Elliptical galaxy M87 Virgo A Virgo 12:30.8 12°24′ 8.6 Elliptical galaxy M88 Coma 12:32.0 14°25′ 9.5 Spiral galaxy Berenices M89 Virgo 12:35.7 12°33′ 9.8 Elliptical galaxy M87 Virgo 12:36.8 13°10′ 9.5 Spiral galaxy M91 Coma 12:35.4 14°30′ 10.2 Spiral galaxy Berenices M92 Hercules 17:17.1 43°08′ 6.5 Globular cluster M93 Puppis 7:44.6 −23°52′ 6.2 Open cluster M94 Canes 12:50.9 41°07′ 8.1 Spiral galaxy Venatici M95 Leo 10:44.0 11°42′ 9.7 Spiral galaxy M96 Leo 10:46.8 11°49′ 9.2 Spiral galaxy M97 Owl nebula Ursa Major 11:14.9 55°01′ 11 Planetary nebula M98 Coma 12:13.8 14°54′ 10.1 Spiral galaxy Berenices M87 Pin wheel Coma 12:18.8 14°25′ 9.8 Spiral galaxy nebula Berenices M100 Coma 12:22.9 15°49′ 9.4 Spiral galaxy Berenices M101 Ursa Major 14:03.2 54°21′ 7.7 Spiral galaxy M102 Probably 14:03.2 54°21′ 7.7 duplicate M101 duplicate (continued) Appendix D 177

(continued) Messier App number Common name Constellation R.A. H:M.S DEC mag Type M103 Cassiopeia 1:33.1 70°42′ 7.4 Open cluster M104 Sombrero Virgo 12:40.0 −11°37′ 8.3 Spiral galaxy galaxy M105 Leo 10:47.9 12°35′ 9.3 Elliptical galaxy M106 Canes 12:19.0 47°18′ 8.3 Spiral galaxy Venatici M107 Ophiuchus 16:32.5 −13°03′ 8.1 Globular cluster M108 Ursa Major 11:11.6 55°40′ 10 Spiral galaxy M109 Ursa Major 11:57.7 53°23′ 9.8 Spiral galaxy M110 Andromeda 0:40.3 41°41′ 8 Elliptical galaxy

Appendix E

The Caldwell Catalog

Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore, in 1995, noted that the Messier catalog does not include a number of bright deep sky objects, nor does it cover any Southern Hemisphere objects south of declination -35°. He compiled a new catalog to com- pliment the famous Messier Catalog by including the “missing” objects and to extend the list to cover the Southern Hemisphere. The resulting list became known as the Caldwell Catalog, which is a collection of 109 of the most impressive celestial objects culled from the NGC and IC catalogs that were not included in Messier’s list. Objects in the Caldwell Catalog are orga- nized in descending declination, while objects in Messier’s Catalog are listed in order of discovery. The entire Caldwell Catalog is accessible on SkyPortal. Many of the Caldwell objects in the SkyPortal database include photographs of the objects and Celestron Audio.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 179 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 180 Appendix E

R. A. Dec. C# NGC /IC Con. Type h m ° ′ Mag. Size () Description 1 188 Cep OC 00 44.4 +85 20 8.1 14 2 40 Cep PN 00 13.0 +72 32 11.6 0.6 3 4236 Dra SbG 12 16.7 +69 28 9.7 21 × 7 4 7023 Cep BN 21 01.8 +68 12 6.8 18 × 18 Refl ection nebula 5 IC Cam SBcG 03 46.8 +68 06 9.2 18 × 17 342 6 6543 Dra PN 17 58.6 +66 38 8.8 0.3/5.8 Cat’s Eye nebula 7 2403 Cam ScG 07 36.9 +65 36 8.9 18 × 10 8 559 Cas OC 01 29.5 +63 18 9.5 4 9 Sh2-155 Cep BN 22 56.8 +62 37 7.7 50 × 10 Cave nebula 10 663 Cas OC 01 46.0 +61 15 7.1 16 11 7635 Cas BN 23 20.7 +61 12 7.0 15 × 8 Bubble nebula 12 6946 Cep ScG 20 34.8 +60 09 9.7 11 × 9 13 457 Cas OC 01 19.1 +58 20 6.4 13 Phi cas cluster 14 869/884 Per O 02 20.0 +57 08 4.3 30 and Sword handle double 30 C 15 6826 Cyg PN 19 44.8 +50 31 9.8 0.5/2.3 Blinking nebula 16 7243 Lac OC 22 15.3 +49 53 6.4 21 17 147 Cas dE4G 00 33.2 +48 30 9.3 13 × 8 18 185 Cas dE0G 00 39.0 +48 20 9.2 12 × 9 19 IC Cyg BN 21 53.5 +47 16 10.0 12 × 12 Cocoon neb 5146 20 7000 Cyg BN 20 58.8 +44 20 6.0 120 × 100 North American nebula 21 4449 CVn IG 12 28.2 +44 06 9.4 5 × 3 22 7662 And PN 23 25.9 +42 33 9.2 0.3/2.2 23 891 And SbG 02 22.6 +42 21 9.9 14 × 2 24 1275 Per Seyfert 03 19.8 +41 31 11.6 2.6 × 1 Per A radio source G 25 2419 Lyn GC 07 38.1 +38 53 10.4 4.1 26 4244 CVn SG 12 17.5 +37 49 10.6 16 × 2.5 27 6888 Cyg BN 20 12.0 +38 21 7.5 20 × 10 Crescent nebula 28 752 And OC 01 57.8 +37 41 5.7 50 29 5005 CVn SbG 13 10.9 +37 03 9.8 5.4 × 2 30 7331 Peg SbG 22 37.1 +34 25 9.5 11 × 4 31 IC Aur BN 05 16.2 +34 16 6.0 30 × 19 Flaming star nebula 405 32 4631 CVn ScG 12 42.1 +32 32 9.3 15 × 3 33 6992/5 Cyg SN 20 56.4 +31 43 – 60 × 8 East veil nebula 34 6960 Cyg SN 20 45.7 +30 43 – 70 × 6 West veil nebula 35 4889 Com E4G 13 00.1 +27 59 11.4 3 × 2 Brightest in cluster 36 4559 Com ScG 12 36.0 +27 58 9.8 10 × 4 37 6885 Vul OC 20 12.0 +26 29 5.7 7 38 4565 Com SbG 12 36.3 +25 59 9.6 16 × 3 39 2392 Gem PN 07 29.2 +20 55 9.9 0.2/0.7 Eskimo nebula 40 3626 Leo SbG 11 20.1 +18 21 10.9 3 × 2 (continued) Appendix E 181

(continued) R. A. Dec. C# NGC /IC Con. Type h m ° ′ Mag. Size () Description 41 – Tau OC 04 27.0 +16 00 1.0 330 Hyades 42 7006 Del GC 21 01.5 +16 11 10.6 2.8 Very distant globular 43 7814 Peg SbG 00 03.3 +16 09 10.5 6 × 2 44 7479 Peg SBbG 23 04.9 +12 19 11.0 4 × 3 45 5248 Boo ScG 13 37.5 +08 53 10.2 6 × 4 46 2261 Mon BN 06 39.2 +08 44 10.0 2 × 1 Hubble’s variable neb. 47 6934 Del GC 20 34.2 +07 24 8.9 5.9 48 2775 Can SaG 09 10.3 +07 02 10.3 4.5 × 3 49 2237 Mon BN 06 32.3 +05 03 – 80 × 60 Rosette nebula -9 50 2244 Mon OC 06 32.4 +04 52 4.8 24 51 IC Cet IG 01 04.8 +02 07 9.0 12 × 11 1613 52 4697 Vir E4G 12 48.6 −05 48 9.3 6 × 3 53 3115 Sex E6G 10 05.2 −07 43 9.1 8 × 3 Spindle galaxy 54 2506 Mon OC 08 00.2 −10 47 7.6 7 55 7009 Aqr PN 21 04.2 −11 22 8.3 2.5/1 Saturn nebula 56 246 Cet PN 00 47.0 −11 53 8.0 3.8 57 6822 Sgr IG 19 44.9 −14 48 9.3 10 × 9 Barnard’s galaxy 58 2360 CMa OC 07 17.8 −15 37 7.2 13 59 3242 Hya PN 10 24.8 −18 38 8.6 0.3/21 Ghost of jupiter 60 4038 Crv ScG 12 01.9 −18 52 11.3 2.6 × 1.8 The antennae 61 4039 Crv ScG 12 01.9 −18 53 13.0 3.2 × 2.2 The antennae 62 247 Cet SG 00 47.1 −20 46 8.9 20 × 7 63 7293 Aqr PN 22 29.6 −20 48 6.5 13 Helix nebula 64 2362 CMa OC 07 18.8 −24 57 4.1 8 Tau CMa cluster 65 253 Scl SG 00 47.6 −25 17 7.1 25 × 7 Sculptor galaxy 66 5694 Hya GC 14 39.6 −26 32 10.2 3.6 67 1097 For SBbG 02 46.3 −30 17 9.2 9 × 6 68 6729 CrA BN 19 01.9 −36 57 9.7 1.0 R CrA nebula 69 6302 Sco PN 17 13.7 −37 06 12.8 0.8 Bug nebula 70 300 Scl SdG 00 54.9 −37 41 8.1 20 × 13 71 2477 Pup OC 07 52.3 −38 33 5.8 27 72 55 Scl SBG 00 14.9 −39 11 8.2 32 × 6 Brightest in Scl cluster 73 1851 Col GC 05 14.1 −40 03 7.3 11 74 3132 Vel PN 10 07.7 −40 26 8.2 0.8 75 6124 Sco OC 16 25.6 −40 40 5.8 29 76 6231 Sco OC 16 54.0 −41 48 2.6 15 77 5128 Cen Peculiar 13 25.5 −43 01 7.0 18 × 14 Cen A radio source galaxy 78 6541 CrA GC 18 08.0 −43 42 6.6 13 79 3201 Vel GC 10 17.6 −46 25 6.7 18 80 5139 Cen GC 13 26.8 −47 29 3.6 36 Omega centauri 81 6352 Ara GC 17 25.5 −48 25 8.1 7 (continued) 182 Appendix E

(continued) R. A. Dec. C# NGC /IC Con. Type h m ° ′ Mag. Size () Description 82 6193 Ara OC 16 41.3 −48 46 5.2 15 83 4945 Cen SBcG 13 05.4 −49 28 9.5 20 × 4 84 5286 Cen GC 13 46.4 −51 22 7.6 9 85 IC Vel OC 08 40.2 −53 04 2.5 50 o (Omicron) Vel cluster 2391 86 6397 Ara GC 17 40.7 −53 40 5.6 26 87 1261 Hor GC 03 12.3 −55 13 8.4 7 88 5823 Cir OC 15 05.7 −55 36 7.9 10 89 6087 Nor OC 16 18.9 −57 54 5.4 12 S Nor cluster 90 2867 Car PN 09 21.4 −58 19 9.7 0.2 91 3532 Car OC 11 06.4 −58 40 3.0 55 92 3372 Car BN 10 43.8 −59 52 6.2 120 × 120 Eta carinae nebula 93 6752 Pav GC 19 10.9 −59 59 5.4 20 94 4755 Cru OC 12 53.6 −60 20 4.2 10 Jewel box cluster 95 6025 TrA OC 16 03.7 −60 30 5.1 12 96 2516 Car OC 07 58.3 −60 52 3.8 30 97 3766 Cen OC 11 36.1 −61 37 5.3 12 98 4609 Cru OC 12 42.3 −62 58 6.9 5 – Cru DN 12 53.0 −63 00 – 400 × 300 Coal sack 100 IC Cen OC 11 36.6 −63 02 4.5 15 −(Lambda) Cen cluster 2944 101 6744 Pav SBbG 19 09.8 −63 51 9.0 16 × 10 102 IC Car OC 10 43.2 −64 24 1.9 50 ÷(Theta) Car cluster 2602 103 2070 Dor BN 05 38.7 −69 06 1.0 40 × 25 Tarantula Neb. in LMC 104 362 Tuc GC 01 03.2 −70 51 6.6 13 105 4833 Mus GC 12 59.6 −70 53 7.3 14 106 104 Tuc GC 00 24.1 −72 05 4.0 31 47 tucanae 107 6101 Aps GC 16 25.8 −72 12 9.3 11 108 4372 Mus GC 12 25.8 −72 40 7.8 19 109 3195 Cha PN 10 09.5 −80 52 – 0.6

Key to Object Types: BN Bright nebula, GC Globular cluster, OC Open cluster, EG Elliptical (type) galaxy, DN Dark nebula, IG Irregular galaxy, PN Planetary nebula, SN Supernova remnant, SG Spiral (type) galaxy Appendix F

Selected Non-Messier Catalog NGC Objects

The Nexstar+ hand control software contains J.L.E. Dreyer’s New General Catalogue of Nebulas and Cluster of Stars (NGC) and the two supplements, the Index Catalogues (IC) in its database. The NGC list, compiled in 1888, contains 7840 objects. The two supplements were published in 1895 and 1908 respectively, with the first containing 1520 addi- tional deep sky objects and the second containing 3866 additional IC objects . Many of the objects listed in the NGC/IC database are difficult or not visible visually through the size of telescope represented by the NexStar Evolution family of telescopes. It is possible to detect and image the fainter objects through long exposures or multiple exposures and stacking techniques. Unlike the much shorter Messier Catalog of Appendix D and the Caldwell Catalog of Appendix E , it is impractical to list the thousands of NGC/IC objects in this book. However, here are some NGC and IC objects that are recommended. This list is the called the SAA 100. A discussion thread began in 2000 in the sci.astro.amateur (SAA) newsgroup when a question was posted: “What are your favorite non-Messier objects for 8–12″ telescopes?” The SAA Newsgroup participants responded enthusiastically to the question, posting many messages nominating a wide variety of objects. These objects are easily accessed using the NexStar+ hand control. Use the NGC or IC nomenclature for GoTo searches . If the SkyPortal app is used, enter the RA and Dec coordinates for accurate GoTo searches.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 183 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 184 Appendix F

The table below lists the SAA 100 in rank order by number of votes received. About half the objects received only one vote each; these are listed alphabetically at the end of the list.

F.1 SAA 100 Object Type Con VisualMag Size RA Dec Pop. name Notes NGC 253 Gal Scl 7.2 25.0′ × 7.0′ 00 h 47 min 35 s −25° 17′ 01″ Edge-on spiral NGC 4565 Gal Com 9.6 15.5′ × 1.9′ 12 h 36 min 20 s +25° 59′ 23″ Bernice’s hair clip Classic edge-on spiral with dust lane NGC 6960 SNR Cyg 70.0′ × 6.0′ 20 h 45 min 38 s +30° 43′ 20″ Western veil NGC 6992 SNR Cyg 25.0′ × 20.0′ 20 h 56 min 14 s +31° 04′ 20″ Eastern veil NGC 869 OC Per 5.3 30.0′ 02 h 19 min 03 s +57° 08′ 58″ Double cluster w/NGC 884 NGC 884 OC Per 6.1 30.0′ 02 h 22 min 27 s +57° 06′ 57″ Double cluster w/NGC 869 NGC 457 OC Cas 6.4 13.0′ 01 h 19 min 10 s +58° 20′ 02″ owl cluster NGC 5139 GC Cen 3.7 36.3′ 13 h 26 min 46 s −47° 28′ 45″ Omega centauri Best GC in the sky NGC 7293 PN Aqr 6.3 16.0′ × 12.0′ 22 h 29 min 40 s −20° 47′ 23″ Helical nebula NGC 7789 OC Cas 6.7 16.0′ 23 h 57 min 04 s +56° 44′ 09″ NGC 2237 BN Mon 5.5 70.0′ × 80.0′ 06 h 32 min 19 s +04° 59′ 03″ Rosette nebula OC NGC 2244 embedded in nebula NGC 2244 OC Mon 4.8 24.0′ 06 h 32 min 25 s +04° 52′ 03″ Involved with Rosette Neb. (NGC 2237) NGC 2359 BN CMa 8.0′ 07 h 17 min 48 s −13° 12′ 54″ Thor’s helmet; duck nebula Wolf-Rayet remnant NGC 2392 PN Gem 8.6 47.0″ × 43.0″ 07 h 29 min 10s +20° 54′ 42″ Eskimo nebula; clown face NGC 3242 PN Hya 8.6 40.0″ × 35.0″ 10 h 24 min 48 s −18° 38′ 14″ Ghost of jupiter NGC 6543 PN Dra 8.3 22.0″ × 16.0″ 17 h 58 min 36 s +66° 38′ 17″ Cat’s Eye nebula NGC 4631 Gal CVn 9.2 17.0′ × 3.5′ 12 h 42 min 11 s +32° 32′ 42″ Same LP fi eld as NGC 4656 NGC 4656 Gal CVn 10.5 22.0′ × 3.0′ 12 h 43 min 58 s +32° 10′ 21″ Same LP fi eld as NGC 4631 NGC 5128 Gal Cen 6.8 18.2′ × 14.5′ 13 h 25 min 29 s −43° 01′ 07″ Centaurus A Strong radio source NGC 6781 PN Aql 11.8 1.9′ × 1.8′ 19 h 18 min 28 s +06° 32′ 46″ NGC 6826 PN Cyg 8.8 27.0″ × 24.0″ 19 h 44 min 53 s +50° 31′ 42″ Blinking planetary NGC 7009 PN Aqr 8.3 28.0″ × 23.0″ 21 h 04 min 15 s −11° 21′ 49″ Saturn nebula Abell 1656 Gal Com 11.0 120.0′ 12 h 59 min 48 s +27° 59′ 04″ Coma gal cluster Tough in 8–12″ aperture cluster NGC 1023 Gal Per 9.4 9.0′ × 4.0′ 02 h 40 min 27 s +39° 03′ 47″ NGC 2362 OC CMa 4.1 8.0′ 07 h 18 min 48 s −24° 56′ 51″ NGC 2403 Gal Cam 8.5 17.8′ 07 h 36 min 55 s +65° 35′ 42″ (continued) (continued) Object Type Con VisualMag Size RA Dec Pop. name Notes NGC 4038 Gal Cor 10.3 2.6′ × 1.8′ 12 h 01 min 53 s −18° 51′ 55″ The antennae; ringtail gal Interacting with NGC 4039 NGC 4039 Gal Cor 10.6 3.2′ × 2.2′ 12 h 01 min 54 s −18° 53′ 07″ The antennae Interacting with NGC 4038 NGC 5907 Gal Dra 10.3 12.8′ × 1.8′ 15 h 15 min 52 s +56° 19′ 48″ NGC 6369 PN Oph 11.0 30.0″ × 29.0″ 17 h 29 min 22 s −23° 45′ 37″ NGC 663 OC Cas 7.1 16.0′ 01 h 46 min 04 s +61° 15′ 00″ NGC 654 OC Cas 6.5 5.0′ 01 h 44 min 10s +61° 53′ 00″ NGC 659 OC Cas 7.9 5.0′ 01 h 44 min 16 s +60° 42′ 00″ NGC 7000 BN Cyg 175.0′ × 110.0′ 20 h 58 min 32 s +44° 33′ 21″ North American nebula Large; often easier in binoculars than telescope NGC 7331 Gal Peg 9.5 11.4′ × 4.0′ 22 h 37 min 08 s +34° 25′ 27″ Little and gal NGC 7662 PN And 8.6 17.0″ × 14.0″ 23 h 25 min 57 s +42° 32′ 44″ Blue snowball nebula B 59, 65-7 DN Oph 300.0′ 17 h 21 min 02 s −26° 59′ 58″ Pipe nebula (stem) B 78 DN Oph 200.0′ 17 h 33 min 02 s −25° 59′ 58″ Pipe nebula (bowl) IC 1396 BN Cep 3.5 154.0′ × 140.0′ 21 h 39 min 09 s +57° 46′ 58″ IC 418 PN Lep 10.7 14.0″ × 11.0″ 05 h 27 min 30 s −12° 41′ 32″ IC 4665 OC Oph 4.2 41.0′ 17 h 46 min 20 s +05° 43′ 08″ Mel 111 OC Com 1.8 275.0′ 12 h 25 min 00 s +26° 00′ 07″ Coma berenices star cluster Mel 20 OC Per 1.2 185.0′ 03 h 22 min 03 s +48° 59′ 56″ Alpha Persei Association NGC 1502 OC Cam 6.9 8.0′ 04 h 07 min 45 s +62° 19′ 49″ Near SE end of Kemble’s Cascade NGC 1528 OC Per 6.4 24.0′ 04 h 15 min 24 s +51° 13′ 49″ NGC 1907 OC Aur 8.2 7.0′ 05 h 28 min 00 s +35° 18′ 53″ NGC 1973 BN Ori 5.0′ × 5.0′ 05 h 35 min 09 s −04° 43′ 56″ Part of running man nebula NGC 1975 BN Ori 10.0′ × 5.0′ 05 h 35 min 21 s −04° 40′ 56″ Part of running man nebula NGC 1977 BN Ori 20.0′ × 10.0′ 05 h 35 min 27 s −04° 49′ 56″ Part of running man nebula 42 orionis nebula NGC 2070 BN Dor 8.3 5.0′ 05 h 38 min 39 s −69° 04′ 51″ Tarantula nebula In Lg. magellanic cloud 3C 273 Quasar Vir 12.0 12 h 29 min 06 s +02° 03′ 01″ Brightest quasar; most remote object visible in modest amateur telescopes (approximately two billion light years) Albireo Star Cyg 3.1 19 h 30 min 45 s +27° 57′ 55″ Superb double star; blue–white/yellow Cr 399 Asterism Vul 3.6 60.0′ 19 h 25 min 26 s +20° 11′ 18″ Brocchi’s cluster; the Once assumed to be a OC; data from coathanger Hipparcos spacecraft shows it to be a chance alignment of stars Fornax Gal. Gal For 3° × 2° 03 h 38 min 31 s −35° 26′ 40″ Approximately 20 galaxies brighter cluster cluster than mag. 13 Kemble’s Asterism Cam 03 h 57 min 30s +63° 04′ 13″ First described by Canadian amateur cascade Lucian J. Kemble; beautiful chain of about 20 mag. 5…9 stars; coordinates are for SAO 12969, a mag. 5 star in the middle of the Cascade King 10 OC Cep 3.0′ 22 h 54 min 58 s +59° 10′ 16″ Markarian’s Gal chain Vir 12 h 25 min 04 s +12° 53′ 16″ String of bright galaxies; covers 3° chain of sky, starting with M84 & M86 in Virgo, ending with NGCs 4459 & 4474 in Coma Berenices; coordinates are for M 84 Mel 25 OC Tau 0.5 330.0′ 04 h 27 min 02 s +16° 00′ 03″ Hyades Aldebaran not a member NGC 104 GC Tuc 4.0 30.9′ 00 h 24 min 10s −72° 04′ 37″ 47 tucanae NGC 1535 PN Eri 10.4 20.0″ × 17.0″ 04 h 14 min 16 s −12° 44′ 16″ Multiple shells NGC 2158 OC Gem 8.6 5.0′ 06 h 07 min 33 s +24° 05′ 56″ NGC 2169 OC Ori 5.9 7.0′ 06 h 08 min 27 s +13° 56′ 59″ “37” cluster NGC 2174 BN Ori 25.0′ × 20.0′ 06 h 10 min 01 s +20° 33′ 58″ NGC 2232 OC Mon 3.9 30.0′ 06 h 26 min 37 s −04° 44′ 54″ NGC 225 OC Cas 7.0 12.0′ 00 h 43 min 28 s +61° 47′ 06″ NGC 2261 BN Mon 2.0′ × 1.0′ 06 h 39 min 13 s +08° 44′ 01″ Hubble’s variable nebula NGC 2264 OC Mon 3.9 30.0′ × 60.0′ 06 h 40 min 58 s +09° 53′ 42″ Christmas tree cluster; cone Includes naked-eye S Mon (15 Mon) nebula NGC 2301 OC Mon 6.0 12.0′ 06 h 51 min 49 s +00° 28′ 04″ (continued) (continued) Object Type Con VisualMag Size RA Dec Pop. name Notes NGC 2360 OC CMa 7.2 13.0′ 07 h 17 min 48 s −15° 36′ 53″ NGC 2438 PN Pup 11.0 1.1′ 07 h 41 min 51 s −14° 44′ 06″ In foreground of M 46 NGC 2467 BN Pup 7.1 15.0′ 07 h 52 min 30 s −26° 22′ 52″ Use UHC or O-III fi lter; includes loose cluster of mag. 8–12 stars NGC 247 Gal Cet 9.1 20.0′ × 7.0′ 00 h 47 min 11 s −20° 45′ 21″ NGC 2841 Gal Uma 9.2 7.4′ × 3.5′ 09 h 22 min 01 s +50° 58′ 21″ NGC 2903 Gal Leo 9.0 13.3′ × 6.0′ 09 h 32 min 10 s +21° 29′ 58″ NGC 3115 Gal Sex 8.9 8.3′ × 3.2′ 10 h 05 min 14 s −07° 43′ 06″ Spindle gal NGC 3372 BN Car 120.0′ × 120.0′ 10 h 43 min 47 s −59° 52′ 01″ Eta carina nebula NGC 3532 OC Car 3.0 55.0′ 11 h 06 min 23 s −58° 40′ 03″ NGC 3766 OC Cen 5.3 12.0′ 11 h 36 min 05 s −61° 37′ 04″ NGC 3877 Gal Uma 11.0 5.6′ × 1.2′ 11 h 46 min 07 s +47° 29′ 37″ NGC 40 PN Cep 10.7 1.0′ × 0.7′ 00 h 13 min 08 s +72° 31′ 47″ NGC 4244 Gal CVn 10.4 18.5′ × 2.3′ 12 h 17 min 29 s +37° 48′ 28″ NGC 4361 PN Cor 10.3 1.3′ 12 h 24 min 30 s −18° 47′ 38″ NGC 4526 Gal Vir 9.7 7.0′ × 2.7′ 12 h 34 min 03 s +07° 42′ 03″ Lost gal NGC 4567 Gal Vir 11.3 3.0′ × 2.5′ 12 h 36 min 33 s +11° 15′ 33″ Siamese twins Overlaps NGC 4568 NGC 4568 Gal Vir 10.8 5.1′ × 2.4′ 12 h 36 min 35 s +11° 14′ 17″ Siamese twins Overlaps NGC 4567 NGC 4755 OC Cru 4.2 10.0′ 12 h 53 min 35 s −60° 20′ 08″ Jewel box cluster; kappa crucis NGC 5746 Gal Vir 10.3 7.4′ × 1.1′ 14 h 44 min 57 s +01° 57′ 20″ NGC 6210 PN Her 9.7 20.0″ × 13.0″ 16 h 44 min 30 s +23° 48′ 46″ NGC 6231 OC Sco 2.6 15.0′ 16 h 54 min 01 s −41° 48′ 06″ Table of scorpius Zeta Sco complex NGC 6397 GC Ara 5.7 25.7′ 17 h 40 min 43 s −53° 40′ 33″ One of the nearest Globulars NGC 6545 Gal Pav 13.2 1.0′ × 0.9′ 18 h 12 min 18 s −63° 46′ 45″ Needle galaxy NGC 6572 PN Oph 9.0 15.0″ × 12.0″ 18 h 12 min 09 s +06° 51′ 01″ NGC 6633 OC Oph 4.6 27.0′ 18 h 27 min 43 s +06° 34′ 14″ NGC 6819 OC Cyg 7.3 5.0′ 19 h 41 min 20 s +40° 11′ 22″ NGC 6885 OC Vul 8.1 7.0′ 20 h 12 min 02 s +26° 29′ 20″ NGC 6888 BN Cyg 20.0′ × 10.0′ 20 h 12 min 14 s +38° 20′ 21″ Crescent nebula NGC 6939 OC Cep 7.8 8.0′ 20 h 31 min 27 s +60° 38′ 22″ NGC 752 OC And 5.7 50.0′ 01 h 57 min 51 s +37° 41′ 05″ NGC 891 Gal And 9.9 14.0′ × 3.0′ 02 h 22 min 36 s +42° 20′ 50″ Edge-on spiral w/prominent dust lane Stock 2 OC Cas 4.4 60.0′ 02 h 15 min 04 s +59° 15′ 58″ Muscleman cluster Best Non -Messier Objects , in Rank Order Object types: Gal galaxy, OC open cluster, GC globular cluster, PN planetary nebula, BN bright nebula, DN dark nebula, SNR supernova remnant

Appendix G

The Herschel 400

Listed here are the Astronomical League’s listing of 400 Herschel objects, for which the AL grants the Herschel Award . This list was selected and compiled by Brenda F. Guzman (Branchett), Lydel Guzman, Paul Jones, James Morrison, Peggy Taylor and Sara Saey of the Ancient City Astronomy Club in St. Augustine. It is a subset of William Herschel’s work of 2514 deep sky objects. Many of these objects are included in the Messier, Caldwell, and SAA100 catalog. Many of the objects listed in the Herschel 400 are difficult or not visible visually through the size of telescope represented by the NexStar Evolution family of tele- scopes. It is possible to detect and image the fainter objects through long exposures or multiple exposures and stacking techniques. These objects are easily accessed using the NexStar+ hand control. Use the NGC or IC nomenclature for GoTo searches. If the SkyPortal app is used, enter the RA and Dec coordinates for accurate GoTo searches.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 191 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 192 Appendix G 404 224-2 7686 And 7606 69-8 7723 7727 10.7 104-1 And 772 110-1 129 111-1 G Aqr 136 5.6 Aqr 112-1 185 Aqr 79-8 10.8 225 2.1 × 2.0 35-6 OC Ari 11.1 278 707-2 10.7 G Cas 381 F 78-8 G 7.4 Cas 10.9 159-1 Cas G 64-8 6.5 4.4 × Cas 1.5 G Cas 11.3 2.2 × 1.6 9.2 F 2.7 Cas F OC 0109.4 + 12 OC 3543 F 10.9 5 × 3 G 21 el 9.2 circular beautiful 1 brt OC G F nucleu 11.5 F 2330.2 + 40 4908 OC 2319.1 − 0846 7.5 7142 1.3 F × 2338.9 1.3 − 1258 35 stars F loose sp 6 poor elongated 1 elusive F 58-4 red/orange large 66-7 Bsp F faint 2339.9 − small 1218 elusive F 0159.3 + 1901 Cep Cep sp elusive slightly elongated 0029.9 F + 6014 sp elongated elusive 0031.5 + 6132 10.2 0039.0 9.3 + 4820 50 0052.1 + stars 4733 bright rich 6 0043.4 mag + 10 6147 star stars PN rich el resolvable circular elongat OC real challenge el round bright nucleus 21 stars 0108.3 + large 6135 rich 0.6 11 24 stars yellow + red–orange star F F 0013.0 + 7232 2145.9 + 6548 Easy round bright greenish 35 stars rectangular X NGC * # 205 H # * * 752 18-5 7662 Const. * 32-7 And 7009 18-4 Mag. Type And 1-4 8 And Size 5.7 Aqr 9 G OC Season 8.4 PN 17.4 50 * PN RA 32 + × Dec 23 * 436 F * 457 44 × 2 * 559 F F 45-7 * 637 Comment 42-1 * 654 F 48-7 * Cas 659 49-7 * 0040.4 Cas 663 + 4141 46-7 * Cas 7789 0157.8 2325.9 + 65-8 + 3741 4233 8.8 Cas 7790 M110 31-6 6.4 Cas 30-6 70 Blue–green 9.5 stars oval * 2104.2 − large Cas bright 1122 OC scattered 56-7 dense outward 8.2 * Cas 7160 OC Cas 6.5 Saturn 7380 OC Nebula 4 Cas 7.9 OC 67-8 10 7.1 OC 77-8 6.7 4 OC 8.5 3 Cep OC 5 Cep F OC F 5 OC 6.6 16 F 16 7.2 F 17 OC F OC F 0115.6 + 5849 F 0119.1 + 5820 F 7 F 0129.5 10 + 25 6318 stars loose poor 50 large stars 0142.9 brt + brt 6400 rich scattered bug? 0144.1 + 60 6153 righ bright loosely scattered 0144.2 + 20 6042 F stars compact 0146.0 chain + 6115 F of stars 50 2357.0 stars + 5644 loose poor a brt 20 2358.4 star stars + 6113 loose poor 80 near stars 663 rich resolvable Large nebulous rich circular sl. nebulous 25 stars scattered cir nebulous 2153.7 + 6236 2247.0 + 5806 25 bright scattered rich 50 resolved. stars loose poor Appendix G 193 (continued) eld star eld cult 2 fi 247 584 596 20-5 615 100-1 720 4-2 Cet 779 282-2 Cet 105-1 7008 Cet 101-1 Cet 8.9 7044 10.8 Cet 7062 192-1 Cet 7086 24-6 10.9 G 11.6 G 7128 51-7 Cyg 10.5 7006 32-6 G 11.3 G Cyg 20 40-7 3.8 G Cyg 13.5 52-1 G Cyg 3.5 11.3 4 Cyg PN 8.3 4.4 Del F F 7331 8.4 OC 3.7 × .9 7448 9.7 86 × 96 OC F 7479 53-1 10.3 F 3.5 OC F F 651 251-2 OC F 5 55-1 GC Peg 8 Peg 0047.1 0131.3 − − 2046 0652 193-1 2 F Peg 1.1 0132.9 − 0702 9.7 sp el elusive small Per elongated dim 0135.1 − 11.2 round 613 0720 fair F 0159.7 0153.0 − nucleus − 0558 1344 el F 2100.6 + 11.6 very 5433 small circular G sp G small F elusive Bsp el F 11 281-1 edge small on round extremely brt elongated nucleus Seems G 2112.9 brighter + 4129 than 13.5 Scl 10 × 2 2 × 1 PN 2123.2 + 40 4623 scattered stars 3.4 × 2.6 2130.5 + 5135 2144.0 10.2 157 + × 30 F 5329 2101.5 87 + stars 1611 inter. rich F F 50 stars large scattered G 20 F stars Faint loose poor 4 × 2 2237.1 + 3425 2300.1 + 1559 2304.9 + 1219 0142.3 sp + 5135 faint edge on sp F elongated Bsp averted slightly vision elongated elusive M76 0134.3 − 2925 Bsp slightly elongated 7510 157 44-7 3-2 Cep Cet 7.9 10.4 OC G 2 2.8 × 2.1 F F 2311.5 0034.8 + − 6034 0824 20 sp stars oval loose 2 poor stars arrowhead in it brt nucleus * 7000 37-5 Cyg * * 7209 * 7243 * 7296 53-7 7217 75-8 DN 41-7 Lac 207-2 Lac 120 × 100 Lac * Peg 6.7 F * 488 6.4 * 524 9.4 OC * 10.2 253 252-3 OC 288 151-1 OC G 20 1-5 Psc 2058.8 20 + 4420 20-6 Psc 4 2.6 × 2.3 North American Scl 10.3 nebula F Scl 10.6 F F G 7.1 F G 8.1 4.2 × 3.3 G 2205.2 GC 3.2 + 4630 2215.3 + 2207.9 4953 + F 3122 50 stars 25.1 2228.2 13.8 + bright 5217 rich resolvable 50 sp stars round loose scattered F 15 stars compact elusive F F 0121.8 + 0515 sp circular 0124.8 + brt 0932 nucleus 0047.6 − 0052.8 2517 − el 2635 small round brt nucleus sp Large elongated bright brt nucleus center X NGC # H # * 246 Const. 25-5 Mag. Type Cet Size 8.5 Season PN 3.8 RA + Dec F Comment 0047.0 − 1153 Large oval diffi 194 Appendix G cult cult like a globular a globular cult like 6755 6756 6781 19-7 62-7 5557 743-3 Aql 5676 Aql 5689 99-1 Aql 189-1 9 188-1 10.7 Boo 11 Boo 6834 Boo OC OC 6866 11.6 PN 11.2 6910 16-8 10 3 11.4 6905 59-7 G G 106 56-8 Cyg G 16-4 Cyg 5907 .9 × .8 S Cyg 3 × 1 S 5982 10.3 S Del 2 × .5 6543 759-2 9 S 764-2 7.5 OC 6229 S 37-4 Dra 12 S 5694 OC Dra 4 OC 1907.8 + 0414 50-4 1908.7 + 0441 Dra 1918.4 + 0633 11.3 PN 196-2 6 35 10.9 8 6235 stars large Very 1418.4 diffi loose + Her 3630 fairly Circular rich G nebulous Hyd no 8.8 1432.8 color 44 + × 4948 37 S G 584-2 1435.5 + 4845 el small brt nucleus nebulosity 8.7 sp very PN S 11 11.1 faint × S .7 large S Oph oval sp faint slight 1.2 elongated × .8 elus GC S 22 GC 10.4 1952.2 + 2925 S 1.2 2.2 GC 2003.7 + 15 4400 2022.4 stars + 2023.1 2007 + a 4047 string scattered S star 1.9 36 1515.9 stars Easy + 5619 rich 40 oval S brt stars silver stars rich disk large fairly S brt large 1538.7 + 5921 sp needle very long central bulge S el round fuzzy 1758.6 + very 6638 small 1647.0 + 4732 Oval brt 1439.6 − opaque 2632 blue–green Faint oval brt central Small area fuzzy 1653.4 smudge − 2211 brt nucleus Faint no distinct nucleus diff. (continued) X NGC # * 598 H # 17-5 * Const. 5466 Tri Mag. 9-6 Type * * 5.7 6939 Size * Boo 6946 6826 42-6 G 76-4 8.5 Season 73-4 Cep 62 Cep * GC Cyg * 6934 10 RA + Dec 5866 10.5 5 F 103-1 8.8 OC 215-1 G * Comment Del PN 6207 Dra 5 S 9 × 7.5 * 10 22 × 701-2 24 0133.9 + 3039 * 10.8 5897 S 6171 Her S M33 GC S * G 19-6 1405.5 + 6284 2832 40-6 11.3 1.5 Lib 2.8 × Large 1 11-6 diffuse faint oval Oph elusive G 2034.8 + 6009 2031.4 + 6038 1944.8 + 5031 11 S Oph S 9.2 sp oval large Very 2 faint × rich 1.1 wispy Small small disk fuzzy appears round nebulous some blue GC 10.5 GC S GC 7.3 2034.2 2.2 1506.5 + + 0723 5546 1.5 Circular el fairly M102 brt nucleus S S 1643.1 + 3650 S sp oval elusive near M13 diffi 1517.4 − 2101 1632.5 − 1303 Oval 1704.5 − partly 2446 resolved elusive M107 Easy round fairly bright small Appendix G 195 (continued) star cluster d Nebula 6287 195-2 6316 Oph 6355 45-1 9.9 46-1 Oph 6401 6426 GC Oph 6517 10.0 44-1 587-2 1.7 6144 10.5 199-2 GC Oph Oph 10-6 GC Oph 1.1 6118 11 S 11.5 6440 1 Sco 10.5 6445 402-2 GC GC 6451 150-1 S GC 586-2 Ser 10.5 6520 1 1.3 13-6 Sgr 1705.2 − 2242 S 6522 0.4 Sgr GC 6528 11.5 7-7 Sgr Circular brt 6540 nucleus 10.4 49-1 no resolve 1716.6 − 2808 3.3 S 6544 11 G 200-2 S S Sgr 6553 GC 198-2 8.5 Sgr Oval small bright 6568 1724.0 − 197-2 Sgr 2621 PN 4.3 6569 × 12-4 1.3 Sgr S 0.7 8.1 OC 6583 30-7 Circular Sgr elus 9.5 extremely faint 10.5 38 1744.9 201-2 × + S 29 0300 Sgr 1738.6 − 2355 11 1801.8 31-7 − 6 OC 0858 Sgr GC 10 S GC Sgr Faint elus resembles S brt a circular nebula no Faint resolution elus 10 5 Sgr brt OC 1627.3 − central 2602 area 0.7 8.5 0.5 GC 10.4 S 1621.8 − 0217 Faint oval 0.5 GC fairly large 11.5 elusive OC 1 GC 1748.9 − 2022 sp S S Blinking 1749.2 Galaxy S − 2001 elus 1.7 near OC mag 6 1.4 brt S nucleus no resolution Circular brt blue–green 1750.7 − 1.5 3013 S S Tightly grouped S 1803.4 1803.6 − large − 2754 3002 1804.8 faint − 3003 in S S 1806.3 − 2749 25 Faint stars small Near easily some 6522 resolvable resolution some resolution 1807.3 − 2500 20 stars 1809.3 − rich 2554 small diffuse 1813.6 − 3150 brt oval resolution 1812.8 good − 2136 edges Righ tight 1815.8 fuzzy − 2208 resolution Easy faint brt central 33 area stars loose poor Elus wide faint rich like a globular X NGC # * H # * 6293 6304 * Const. 12-6 6342 147-1 * Mag. Oph * 6356 149-1 Oph Type 6369 9.5 48-1 Oph Size 9.8 11-4 * GC Oph 10.0 6633 GC Oph * Season GC * 1.9 6664 9.5 72-8 1.6 6712 9.9 0.5 12-8 RA + GC Oph Dec 47-1 S PN S Sct * 1.7 5.5 Sct S Comment 6514 28 8.9 OC 41-1 10 S 1710.2 − 2634 1745.5 − 2928 S OC 20 Sgr Easy 1721.2 GC circular − 1935 small brt Circular nucleus brt nucleus no 18 resolve Small faint 6.9 2.1 central S area 1723.6 − brt 1749 1729.3 − 2346 OC Fairly S large brt nucleus no resolved S Round blue–green Pipe Nebula 29 × 27 1827.7 + 0634 S 44 stars 1836.7 − rich 0813 resolved. a red star 1853.1 − 0842 25 stars poor loose scattered Round opaque touches PN IC1298 1802.3 − 2302 M20 Trifi 196 Appendix G cult eld 6624 6629 50-1 6642 204-2 6645 Sgr 205-2 Sgr 5473 23-6 Sgr 9.5 5631 10.6 231-1 Sgr 6217 GC 5566 10.5 PN 236-1 UMa 5576 280-1 8.5 GC 144-1 2 UMa 16 11.4 × 14 5746 146-1 UMn OC 5846 Vir 1 11.4 G 6802 S 126-1 Vir 11.5 128-1 10 S G 10.4 14-6 Vir .9 G × .7 6882 11.7 Vir S 6885 G .7 × Vul .7 S 10.1 G 22-8 1.8 S 1825.7 × − 1.2 2312 5248 10.5 20-8 1823.7 − 3022 5.6 2655 × G 1.1 11 S Circular Vul S no color 1 2775 × G brt 34-1 .8 nucleus Vul Fairly 1831.9 4147 large − 2329 288-1 brt S nucleus OC 6.2 4150 × 2-1 .8 1832.6 5.5 − 1645 Boo 1404.7 + 5454 .9 4203 Very × faint 19-1 S .9 Cam 9.1 small elusive 73-1 3.5 50 S stars 1426.6 OC + rich el 1632.6 5635 Cnc + compressed companion 7812 175-1 11.3 brt to M101 Com round 10.7 OC elus. S 1420.3 Com + 0356 sp sp small Com faint G round sl faint oval diffi 10.7 G elusive arms S 9.4 20 1421.1 + sp 0316 edgeon 11.6 faint lg brt nuc 11 G elus 1444.9 + 0157 6.1 × 4.4 GC 5 el × 3.4 small faint G brt 1506.4 nuc + 0136 nebulosity S S sp G edge-on Sp needle 2.3 faint × 1.9 1.7 large elus 1930.6 + Sp el 2016 small circular 1.2 fairly × .9 bright Sp 1.8 × 1.5 Faint small opaque disk of stars Sp Sp 2011.7 + 2633 2012.0 1337.5 Sp + + 2629 0853 0855.6 + 7813 20 stars 42 sp small stars lg 0910.3 in large oval + 0702 a a brt rich brt nucleus fi star av sp rich faint face-on low surf 1210.1 brt + 1210.6 1833 + 3024 sp circular brt 1215.1 + nucleus 3312 Small el starlike round outer starlike nebulosity nucl a el brt sl sta oval faint brt nucleus av (continued) X NGC # H # * 6638 Const. * 51-1 6818 Mag. * Sgr Type 5474 51-4 Size 214-1 10.2 Sgr * UMa GC Season 5634 10 11.4 1.4 70-1 * PN RA G + Dec * 6823 Vir 6830 S 22 × 15 18-7 4 × 2.9 * Comment 9-7 10.4 6940 S Vul S GC Vul 8-7 1830.9 − 2530 9.8 1.3 9 Small Vul faint elusive 1944.0 − 1409 OC 1405.0 + 5340 S Diffuse fuzzy OC 6.5 rount some 5 blue sp near M101 dim diffuse elusive 8 OC S 10 1429.6 − 0559 S Small fuzzy patch opaque oval S 1943.1 + 2318 1951.0 − 30 2304 stars some nebulosity 2034.6 20 + 2818 stars brt large easy 100 stars very brt rich large Appendix G 197 (continued) ned 4245 4251 4274 74-1 4278 89-1 4293 75-1 Com 4314 90-1 Com 4350 5-5 Com 4394 11.1 76-1 Com 4414 10.2 86-2 Com 4419 10.8 G 55-2 Com 4448 10.3 G 77-1 Com G 113-1 11.5 Com 1.5 4459 10.8 × G 1 91-1 Com 2.3 11 × .5 Com G 6.7 11.2 × G 1.3 161-1 Com Sp 1.4 9.7 × 1.3 Sp G 11.4 G Sp Com 4.6 × 1.6 3.1 11.4 × 2.9 Sp G G 1.8 Sp × 10.9 .5 2.3 4689 × G 2.3 Sp 1217.6 + 2936 3.2 × 1218.1 1.5 2.2 + × 2810 G .6 4027 1219.8 Sp Sp + 128-2 2937 sp 2.8 elus 4038 × 1220.1 1 starlike + 2917 hint elong Sp sp av round starlike nebulosity Sp sp 296-2 Com lg 1221.2 1.2 + fuzzy × 1823 1 brt nucl 3962 1222.6 elongated + el 28.1- 4 2953 starlike brt Sp nucl defi 4111 Cor pec 11.5 edge-on granulated 4143 1224.0 Cor 1225.9 + elus + Bsp 67-1 1642 1813 Sp elon oval diffuse brter nucleus 4151 195-1 1226.4 + 3113 G 11.5 4214 1226.9 el + Bsp 54-4 1503 round round starlike brt Cra nebulosity nuc 11.5 av near 165-1 CVn M85 sp 1228.2 + starlike 2837 nuc G extended el 95-1 arms elong brt CVn nucl G fainter arm CVn 1229.0 av + 11.3 1359 9.7 sp sl elong uniform av CVn elus 2.4 × 11 2 el G brt 11.6 2.5 sl × 2.5 elong G 10.3 Sp G Sp G Sp 1.1 × .9 3.3 × G .6 1.4 2.5 × × .9 1.6 Sp Sp 6.6 1247.8 × + 5.8 1346 1159.5 − 1916 Sp 1201.9 − 1852 Sp sp Sp round uniform sp av faint sp elus round hint brt elong nucleus av 1154.7 − 1358 1207.1 + 4304 1210.5 + 3924 el 1209.6 round + 4232 very faint el brt elong nucleus starlike 1215.6 outer + 3620 arms av pec uniform el round round ovalish starlike elus nucleus small irr very brt large diffuse oval X NGC # H # Const. Mag. Type Size * 4450 * Season * 4473 56-2 * 4477 * 4494 114-2 RA + Com Dec * 4548 115-2 * 4559 83-1 Com 4565 10 120-2 Com * Comment 92-1 Com 10.1 4725 24-5 Com G 10.7 Com G * 9.6 84-1 Com 10.8 G 4361 3 × 2.5 10.6 G 1.6 Com × G .9 10.2 65-1 2.4 × 2.2 G Sp 8.9 G Sp 1.3 × 1.4 3.7 Cor × 3.2 Sp 11 × 4.5 G Sp Sp 14.4 × 1.2 10.8 1228.5 + Sp 1705 Sp 1229.8 + 1326 10 PN × 5.5 1230.0 + 1438 sp round brt distinct nucleus el round 1231.4 + starlike 2547 1235.4 Sp nucl + sp 81 1430 brt round starlike nucl fair brt 1236.0 + 2758 el 1236.3 brt + Bsp 2559 starlike M91 neb round small sp elong Sp uniform sp fairly uniform brt needle beautiful 1250.4 + 2530 sp oval starlike nucl easy 1224.5 − 1848 lg round fuzzy no color noted 198 Appendix G eld star eld eld 3193 eld 4346 4485 210-1 197-1 CVn 4631 4656 CVn 11.6 4800 42-4 176-1 11.6 G 211-1 CVn CVn G 5273 CVn 1.9 × .7 3147 9.3 11.2 98-1 1.5 11.1 × .8 2811 Sp 79-1 G G CVn G 3621 Sp 505-2 Dra 3686 12.6 × 1.4 18 × 2 11.5 241-1 Hyd 1.2 × 1 2964 1223.5 Sp 160-2 + 4700 10.9 3190 G Hyd Sp 11.7 3193 1230.5 114-1 + el Leo 4142 Sp G round almost starlike neb 3226 44-2 10.5 G .9 3227 × .8 45-2 irr Leo uniform brt elusive 11.4 small 3377 1242.1 28-22 + 3 3232 × 2.3 Leo G 29-2 1244.0 + Leo 3210 1.6 × .5 11 G Sp 99-2 sp Leo 1254.6 + elong 4642 uniform brt easy Sp 11.3 pec Leo 5 × lg 2 elus needle 11.5 Sp av sp G round Leo brt 2.4 11.5 × stands 1.8 out G well 11.4 G 1342.1 G + Sp 3539 Sp 10.5 2.2 × 1.1 1016.9 + 7339 3 × G 1 el brt .9 0916.2 × − G nucleus .0 1606 av Sp stands 1 × out .8 sp wel lg circular near 6 mag 3 star × sp 1.2 uniform Sp brightness 1127.7 1118.3 + + 1713 3249 Sp 1.9 × 1 Sp Sp sp sp strlike lg brt round 0942.9 + nucleus near 3151 nebulosity some Sp fi 1018.1 + sp 2150 round brt 1018.4 + nucleus 2154 faint rim 1023.4 + 1954 sp fuzzy 1023.5 round + 1952 same el fi fuzzy roundish uniform 1047.7 c + el 1359 3190 round nebulous uniform sp round nebulous near NGC 3226 el small brt nucleus (continued) X NGC # * 4258 H # * 4449 43-55 * Const. * 4490 213-1 CVn 4618 Mag. 198-1 CVn 8.6 Type 178-1 * CVn 9.2 Size * 5005 G CVn * 5033 9.7 5195 G 96-1 11.7 Season 19.5 × 7 97-1 * G 186-1 CVn G 4.1 2548 × 3.4 Sp CVn * CVn RA + Dec 5.6 3242 9.8 × 2.1 Sp 22-6 .5 × 3 10.3 8.4 * Sp 27-4 G Hyd Comment 2903 G 1219.0 + 4718 Sp G Hyd 1228.2 5.3 56-1 + 4406 4.4 sp × 1.7 M106 9.9 × 4.8 2 × 1230.6 1.5 9 + irr 4138 sl Sp OC elong Leo uniform pretty Sp 1241.5 + * 4109 sp lg elong Sp uniform 30 brt 3379 PN easy 9.1 sp lg sl elong uniform brt 17-1 1310.9 + 40 3703 × G 34 1313.4 + 3636 Sp sp Leo 1330.0 + elong 4716 lg brt sp Sp nucleus elong 11 brt × 4.6 needle lg pec companion to 9.5 M51 round Sp 0813.8 − 0548 G 1024.8 + 1838 M48 Nice disk 2.2 blue–green × 2 fairlylarge 0932.2 − 2130 sp lg Sp elong needle easy 1047.8 + 1235 el M105 Appendix G 199 (continued) eld 3607 eld cult cult uniform brt 3384 3395 3412 18-1 3489 116-1 27-1 Leo 3593 101-2 Leo Leo 3608 29-1 Leo 10.2 12 51-2 10.4 G Leo 11.5 3640 G 3810 G Leo G 3900 33-2 4.4 11.3 × 1.4 3912 21-1 1.5 × .9 2859 82-1 2.4 11.1 × G 1.1 Sp Leo 2 × 3245 .9 342-2 Leo 3277 Sp 137-1 G Sp Leo 3294 86-1 2.5 Leo 10.7 × .9 3344 Sp 359-2 LMn 10.8 3414 164-1 1.4 11.5 × G 1048.3 1 + 1238 LMn Sp 11.5 3432 81-1 LMn G 10.7 1049.8 3486 + 3259 362-2 LMn G 1050.9 + el 1325 round brt G 11.2 3504 Sp nucleus > 172-1 1.1 NGC × 1 3379 12 G LMn 1100.3 + sp 1354 87-1 3.6 LMn elus × 2.5 sl el 11.4 elong circular faint very G 2782 nucleus diffi 88-1 1.7 LMn × .8 1114.6 .9 + × 1249 11 2527 Sp .5 el G round Sp impressive 4.4 11 × G brt LMn 3.5 nucleus 167-1 11.4 LMn Sp sp 1.8 1117.0 × 2567 + round .9 1809 30-8 faint inconspicuous G Sp Sp 11 2571 1.1 × G Lyx .9 2.6 × G 1.2 10.9 el 64-7 round small Sp Pup same fi 1121.1 + 0314 39-6 1141.0 7.6 + × 1128 G 6.2 Sp Sp 11.7 G 1.4 × 1 5.8 × Pup .8 1149.2 + 2701 el round 8 small sp Pup 0924.3 faint sl Sp + 1150.0 3431 near + lg G 2629 a brt star nucleus 6.8 × 4.5 sp Sp 2.2 × starlike 2.2 Sp sl 8.3 1027.3 neb + 2830 near Bsp 3912 sp brt small nucleus round OC 7.5 fainter uniform arm 1032.9 1036.3 near Sp + + 1.8 2831 3720 3900 × 1.6 Sp el round OC fuzzy uniform 1043.5 22 + sp OC sp 2455 round very Sp brt diffi nucleus 1051.3 + 2759 1052.5 10 + 3637 sp round 8 faint near mag 1000.4 9 + 2858 star Bsp 1100.5 starlike + sp 2758 fuzzy elongated nebulosity Sp uniform brt 2 stars sp Sp round 0914.1 + faint 4007 sp fuzzy round uniform very impressive Sp sp starlike some nebulosity 0805.3 − 2810 0818.6 − 3038 50 stars loose scattered 0818.9 − 2944 50 stars brt + faint ones 25 stars loose irregular faint X NGC # H # * Const. 3521 * Mag. 3607 13-1 Type * * 3626 50-2 Leo Size 3628 52-2 Leo 8-5 10.5 Season Leo 9.6 G Leo 10.5 RA + Dec G 7 × 4 10.9 G 1.7 × G 1.5 Comment Sp 1.6 × 1.1 Sp 12 × 1.5 * Sp 2683 Sp 1105.8 − 0002 * 200-1 1116.9 + 1803 2539 sp elongated very impressive Lyx 1120.1 + 1821 el like 11-7 a hairy star round 1120.3 brt + 1336 sp starlike brt 9.6 nucleus v small Pup sp edge-on large beautiful G 8.2 8 × 13 OC 21 Sp Sp 0852.7 + 3325 sp edge-on pretty needle 0810.7 − 1250 A brt center blue one 19 Pup 200 Appendix G eld 3169 eld cult cult cult round cult eld NGC 2742 eld as 3613 2613 2627 2974 266-2 63-7 3166 61-1 Pyx 3169 Pyx 3-1 Sex 11 2742 4-1 2768 8.3 Sex 2787 249-1 11 G Sex 250-1 OC 2950 216-1 UMa 11.4 G 2976 UMa 6.6 × 1.3 11.7 2985 8 68-4 UMa 11.2 G 285-1 10.5 Sp G 1.5 × .9 78-1 10.9 G UMa 3079 UMa G 4.4 × 1.7 Sp Sp G UMa 4 × 1.7 10.9 3198 47-5 2.5 8.5 × 1 Sp 2 × 0833.4 1 − 2258 10.6 G 199-1 2 Sp × UMa 1.3 OC 3610 Sp sp edge-on G 3613 elus 0837.3 UMa diffi − 0942.6 2957 − 0342 Sp 1.3 11.2 × 3619 .9 270-1 Sp 10 1013.8 + 0326 3631 271-1 40 sp stars 11 elong small 5.5 fuzzy hard × G 3655 5 low distinguish 244-1 UMa surf 1014.2 brt Sp + 0328 sp 3665 brt 0907.6 226-1 UMa + nucleus 6029 round fi Sp G 5-1 UMa sp 11.2 Sp brt 0911.6 8 + nucleus × 6002 1 sl 0919.3 219-1 UMa + round sp 6912 elongated 11.2 elus 11.7 G el UMa 9 sl × 3.2 UMa elong sp 0942.6 same + elong 11.2 5851 G fi near 2 brt Sp stars G 0947.3 + 6755 11.3 1.3 sp 11.4 × 0950.4 G 1 + starlike 7217 Sp fuzzy nebula on edges 1.6 × .8 50 G stars 1 × rich G 1 sp concentrate brt nebulosity nucleus Sp easy 4.3 × 3.2 Sp 1002.0 + 5541 1.2 × .9 1.6 × 1.2 Sp 1019.9 Sp + 4533 sp edge-on faint diffi Sp Sp sp elong 1118.4 with + 5847 3 brt stars 1118.6 + 5800 el starlike 1121.0 fuzzy + 1119.4 5310 + nebulous 5646 av el starlike like a hairy star 1124.7 + sp 1122.9 3846 + sp face-on 1635 starlike faint same uniform fi fuzzy el sp round small brt fuzzy nucleus round small faint (continued) X NGC # H # * 3115 Const. * Mag. 163-1 2681 Type Sex 242-1 Size * 9.3 2841 UMa Season 205-1 G 10.4 * * 3034 UMa G 3077 4 × 1.2 RA + Dec 79-4 9.3 286-1 2.8 × 2.5 * Sp UMa * G Comment 3310 UMa Sp 3556 8.8 60-4 10.9 6.4 × 2.4 46-5 1005.2 + 0743 G G UMa Sp 0853.5 UMa + 5119 el small circular 10.1 9 × 4 2.3 × 1.9 sp circular 11 faint fuzzy G Sp 0922.0 + 5058 G Sp 4 × 3 sp brt elong easy 7.7 × 1.3 1003.3 + 6844 Sp 0955.8 + Sp 6941 el faint low surf brt pec comp. M82 M81 1035.7 + 5330 1111.5 + 55.4 irr round brt nucleus sp M108 edge-on * 3184 168-1 UMa 9.6 G 5.6 × 5.6 Sp 1018.3 + 4125 sp low surf brt diffi Appendix G 201 (continued) eld star eld ned 1 side brt 3729 3813 3877 222-1 94-1 3898 201-1 UMa 3938 UMa 3941 228-1 UMa 11.7 3945 203-1 11.7 173-1 UMa 10.9 G 251-1 UMa G 3982 UMa 11.5 G UMa 1.8 11.5 × 1.3 3998 62-4 9.8 G 1.7 × .8 4.4 10.8 × G .8 Sp 4036 229-1 UMa G 4041 Sp 2.6 × G 1 4051 Sp 253-1 UMa 4.5 × 3.8 11.3 4085 252-1 1.8 × 4088 1.2 56-4 UMa Sp 5.2 11.3 × 1133.8 2.2 Sp + 5308 G 4102 224-1 UMa 5322 Sp 206-1 1141.3 + 10.7 3633 G UMa Sp pec starlike 1146.1 4030 + nebulosity 4730 225-1 UMa 11 1.7 × 4179 1.3 256-1 UMa sp G oval well 11 defi sp 1149.2 121-1 UMa + elongated 5606 3.7 uniform 11.8 × 1152.8 1.9 brightness + 4407 Sp G 9-1 UMa 10.9 1152.9 4273 + 3659 Vir sp 2.4 round G 11.8 × G 1153.2 .9 Sp brt + sp 6041 nucleus lg 4281 elong uniform 10 G Vir 2.4 sp × 569-2 1.8 round nucleus G nebulosity Bsp diffuse Sp strlike 11 573-2 lg 4.5 2.2 elongated × × 3.6 .5 1156.5 + G 5508 Vir Sp 4.5 × 1.4 11.6 Vir 2.2 × 1157.9 Sp 1 + G 5527 Sp sp round elus Sp av brt G 1 nucleus 11.6 × 4 × 1.4 el brt 1201.4 + nucelus 11.3 6153 Sp elong elus 3.1 av × 2.2 Sp G 1202.2 + 6208 2.7 × .6 el G oval brt 1203.2 nucleus + 4432 Sp small 1205.4 + 5012 sp round 1205.6 brt + 5033 nucleus 1.5 av × 1 Sp sp lg 1.1 elus sp × 1206.4 .6 nebulosity + brt 5243 av starlike nucleus sp oval elong 1349.3 + brt 6012 elusive large Sp sp hint Sp of 1200.4 − elong 0106 el starlike round brt brt nu nucleus 1212.9 + 0118 sp round brt pretty 2 fi el edge-on 1219.9 well + 0521 distinct arms 1220.4 + 0523 sp starlike near group stars el elus starlike hint neb av X NGC # * * 3675 H # 3726 194-1 Const. 730-2 * UMa 3893 Mag. UMa 11.5 Type 738-2 10.8 G Size * UMa G * 3949 3953 4 11.3 × 1.7 * Season 202-1 5.7 × 3.4 3992 45-5 G * UMa Sp Sp 4026 61-4 RA + UMa Dec 3.7 11 × 1.9 223-1 UMa 10.7 Sp Comment G 1126.1 UMa + 4335 1133.3 + 4702 10.8 G sp faint 10.7 fuzzy sp elongation round G 2.3 uniform × 1.1 largish 5.6 × 2.3 G 1148.6 + 4843 * Sp 6.2 * × 4216 3.5 Sp sp sl 4261 elong brt 3.6 nucleus × .7 av Sp 35-1 139-2 Sp 1153.7 + 4752 Vir 1153.8 + 5220 Vir sp oval diffuse uniform 1157.6 brtness + sp 5323 round brt 10.4 nucleus av 10.3 1156.9 + sp 5058 M109 G G el round starlike nebulosity 7.4 × .9 .9 × .7 Sp Sp 1215.9 + 1309 1219.4 + 0549 sp edge-on needle easy brt nucleus el round uniform fuzzy elus 202 Appendix G eld stars eld 4365 4371 4429 30-1 22-1 65-2 Vir Vir 4478 Vir 4526 11.1 4527 124-2 11.6 31-1 11.2 G 4536 37-2 Vir G 4546 G Vir 4550 2-5 1.3 × 1 Vir 4570 10.9 160-1 2.2 × 1.2 36-1 3.3 10.9 × 1 Vir 4596 G 32-1 Sp Vir 11.5 Sp G Vir 24-1 Sp G Vir 10.9 .8 4654 10 × .7 4660 3.3 11.7 × 1 Vir G 1224.5 126-2 + 0719 5.3 10.9 × 1224.9 1 + G 1142 Sp 4666 71-2 G 1227.4 Sp + Vir el 1107 round 11.4 G faint Bsp 6.9 nucleus brt × 2.6 brter 4698 lg 15-1 Sp oval opaque 1.8 brt Vir × .8 nucleus sp 1.4 oval × G .4 nucleus dominated Sp 11 8-1 2.4 × .5 Vir 1230.3 + 1220 Sp 10.9 Sp 1234.0 + 0742 1.8 × 2.2 G Vir Sp el 1234.1 + round 0239 starlike 11.4 G elus neb small el oval faint Sp neb 1234.5 near + 0211 2 sp 7mag elong G st 4.2 uniform × 2.2 brightness 11.3 1235.5 − 0348 1.5 × .8 1235.5 + sp 1213 elong only can Sp see G 1236.9 part + 0715 of el 3.8 it round × .8 nebulosity uniform Sp el round brt 1239.9 nucleus + 1011 elusive el fuzzy round 3 × 1.1 Sp Bsp round starlike nucleus 1244.0 + 1308 Sp 1244.5 + 1111 sp lg elong stands out well 1245.1 − el 0028 round starlike nebulosity sp lg brt 1248.4 + elong 0829 stands out well sp sl elong near 2 fi 4753 16-1 Vir 10.8 G 3.3 × 1.1 Sp 1252.4 − 0112 sp brt elong uniform brt X NGC # * 4303 H # 139-1 * Const. * 4435 Vir * 4438 Mag. 4442 28.1- 1 Type 10.1 28.2- 1 Vir 156-2 Size * Vir G 4535 Vir 10.3 10.8 Season 5.6 × 500-2 5.3 G 10.8 * G Vir Sp 4594 G RA + Dec 1.3 * × .8 8.9 * × 3 4636 11 43-1 1.8 4643 × .9 Sp Comment 1219.4 38-2 + 0428 Vir Sp G * 10-1 Sp 4665 sp M61 Vir * 8.7 6 Vir × 4 4697 142-1 1227.7 + 1305 10.4 1227.8 + 1301 G 39-1 Vir el 10.6 1228.1 + elus 0948 uniform Sp near 4438 av G sp elong uniform lg av G Vir el 6 ovalish × 2.5 starlike 11.1 neb small 1.4 × 1.3 G 1.65 10.5 × Sp .9 1234.3 + 0812 Sp G Sp 3.1 sp × 2.1 elus elong brt nucleus Sp 2.2 × 1240.0 1.4 − 1137 1242.8 + 0241 1243.3 Sp sp + 0159 M104 The Sombrero Hat el round brt nucleus Bsp round starlike 1245.1 brt + 0303 nucleus Bsp almost 1248.6 − stellar 0548 small el brt nucleus lg uniform (continued) * 4699 129-1 Vir 9.3 G 3 × 2 Sp 1249.0 − 0840 sp lg easy brt nucleus Appendix G 203 (continued) eld star eld elongated edge-on 4762 4845 75-2 4856 4866 536-2 Vir 4900 68-1 4958 162-1 Vir 4995 143-1 11 Vir 5054 130-1 Vir 5363 11.5 42-1 Vir 5364 G 513-2 Vir 11.5 11.4 G 6-1 Vir 11.3 534-2 Vir G 3.7 × 10.9 G .4 1664 Vir 4.2 × G .7 Vir 11.2 1857 11.5 G 2 × Sp .7 1907 6.8 59-8 × .8 G Sp 1931 10.7 1.7 33-7 11 × G 1.5 2126 1.7 39-7 × .7 Aur Sp Sp 2281 G 261-1 Sp 2 Aur × 1.1 G 3.8 68-8 × 2.2 Aur 1252.9 + Sp 1114 71-8 Aur 7.5 1258.0 + 0135 1 1961 × 1.4 8.5 Sp Sp Aur 6.2 sp × 3 elong 2403 uniform 9.9 lg 3 Aur 1259.3 1259.5 OC fi − + sp 1502 1410 9.5 1027 elong 747-3 uniform 1300.6 brt + 0230 easy OC Sp 908 44-5 10 Sp 1305.8 OC eloval − sp 0801 brt 936 elongated 15 nucl 66-8 needle Cam 6.9 DN easy impress sp to easy starlike see center 1022 oval 9 small 1309.7 1317.0 − − 0750 1638 153-1 Cam el OC round 5 starlike uniform 23-4 brt Cas 3 11.7 OC × 3 102-1 sp sp sl Cet elongated 1356.1 + elong cluster 0529 W elus uniform 8.9 uniform av 6.5 av 1356.2 + 0501 G Cet 17 Cet W 7.5 wl round W brt W nucl 11 G stands sp out lg wel elongated faint av 3.7 × 1.6 OC 10.7 W 11.2 W 0451.1 + G 4342 16.8 × 10 W G G 7 0520.2 + 3921 25 0531.4 + stars 3519 0528.0 W + faint 3519 rich elongated 5 × 2.3 30 stars 3.3 no × 0603.0 2.5 1.8 shape + × 4954 1.4 Starlike poor with loose Tight nebulosity some around nebulosity 0649.3 richish + 4104 W W 0542.1 + W 6923 28 W stars faint poor blue white 30 stars 0736.9 bright + 6536 lg easy sp faint elus fuzzy sl elongated sp lg sl elon face 0242.7 + on 6133 faint 0223.1 − star 2114 0227.6 − 0109 0238.5 − 0640 Large loose near sp 7 elongated sp mag evenly round Bsp brt star starlike small large nucleus almost stellar faint X NGC # * 4754 H # * 4781 25-1 Const. 134-1 Vir Mag. Vir Type 10.5 Size 11.2 G * G Season 891 1 × 1.2 2.3 × 1.1 19-5 Sp RA + Dec Sp And Comment 11.5 * 1252.3 + 1119 * 1501 1254.4 − 1032 G 1502 el round brt nucl 53-4 neb uniform sp uniform elong elus 47-7 11.8 × 1.1 Cam W0222.6 + Cam 4221 sp extremely 13.3, 9 5.3 PN OC 7 W W 0407.0 + 6055 0407.7 + 6220 Round distict blue–green 15 stars compact cross-bow doubl 204 Appendix G eld M77 eld eld as M35 at in appearance poor DN nebulosity W 0641.1 + 0953 20 stars loose 30 1052 2204 63-1 2354 13-7 Cet 2362 16-7 1084 CMj 17-7 11.2 CMj 64-1 9.1 G CMj 2158 9 Eri OC 2304 10.5 17-6 1.3 × 1 OC 11 13 2371 OC 2-6 Gem 2372 W 25 G 316-2 6 Gem 11 317-2 W Gem 2.1 × Gem 1.1 W 10.1 OC 2419 0241.1 − 0815 11 W 2215 W OC 9.5 4 2232 218-1 el stellar small 0615.7 − hint 1839 nebulosity 20-7 PN 5.5 2251 PN 25-8 Lyx 0714.3 − 2544 Scattered a yellow-orange star Mon 54 0718.8 × − 35 2457 3-8 W 0243.0 − lg 0735 47 × dim Mon 43 scattered 11.5 round W 40 stars 8.6 lg W brt Easy in round center brt GC temple nucleus Mon 4 W OC 0607.5 1.7 + 2406 8.5 OC 0655.0 + 1801 8 0725.6 brt + 2929 lg same OC fi 0725.6 + 2930 20 Small loose W irregular Elongated off-white part of 2372 10 Elongated off-white part ot 2371 W W 0738.1 + W 3853 Small 0621.0 − dim 0717 stands out well 0626.6 − 0445 10 stars round faint a 0634.7 brt + 0822 star Naked eye brt stars one blue–white 30 stars lg fl (continued) X NGC # * H # 1055 * Const. 1-1 2360 Mag. * Cet 12-7 Type * 1407 * 1535 CMj Size 11.5 2129 107-1 * 26-4 G 2266 9.4 26-8 Eri * Season Eri 2355 21-6 OC Gem 6.7 × 1.5 10.6 * 6-6 RA 9.3 + Gem Dec * 12 W 2392 7.2 G * 2395 * PN Gem 2420 9.8 45-4 OC Comment 1964 1.1 × 11-8 1.1 W 1-6 9.5 OC 20 × Gem 17 5 0241.8 + 0026 21-4 W Gem * 5 OC Gem 2244 9.35 W sp edge on Lep elus same * 9.4 fi 0717.8 − 1537 W 2264 PN 9 2-7 10.2 11.6 0340.2 − OC 1835 Pretty W brt 27- 5,5-8 no shape OC 47 × near 43 mag 6 Mon 0414.2 − 1244 G Mon el round 12 starlike brt nucleus W 7 0601.0 + W Small 2318 round 6.2 starlike blue 4.7 tint 5.4 × 1.1 0643.2 + 13 2658 stars broken W chainlike OC OC D W W 30 stars 0716.9 + 1 1347 8mag triangular shape 0729.2 + 24 2055 70 stars tight faint Small near round mag 0727.1 bluish 6 + 1335 opaque 0533.4 − 2157 0738.5 W + 2134 Faint elus rich scattered sp sl elongation 20 nucleus stars visible some nebulosity 0632.4 + 0452 16 stars within Rosette Nebula Appendix G 205 (continued) cult 2286 2301 2311 31-8 27-6 2343 60-8 Mon Mon 2506 33-8 Mon 1788 8 1980 5.8 37-6 Mon 1999 9.6 32-5 2022 OC 31-5 OC Mon 2024 8 33-4 OC Ori 34-4 15 Ori 15 2185 8.5 28-5 Ori 7 2186 OC 11 Ori 20-4 OC Ori 25-7 W 7 10 W DN 11.5 Ori 10 W 10.7 Ori DN DN 8 × PN 5 1342 11 DN W 1444 14 0647.6 × − 14 16 0310 9.5 × 12 W 0651.8 + 0028 28 × 27 88-8 W 30 × 30 0657.8 DN − 80-8 0435 50 stars loose 40 W OC scattered stars W large pretty easy W Per 2324 25 stars 2 W × brt 2 Per 0708.3 − rich 1039 easy resolvable 5 0800.2 − 1047 38-7 7.1 15 0506.9 − stars 0321 brt rich 6.4 tight cute 50 W 0535.4 − stars 0554 0536.5 − rich 0642 nebulousity easy 0542.1 Pup + 0905 OC Round non uniform 0541.9 W near − 0151 8 magstar OC Surround iota brt Orionis nucleus nebulosity hazy Fuzzy lg oval diffi small slight 15 8.8 blue–gr Irregular patchy brt very 4 large 0611.1 − 0613 OC 0612.2 + 0527 brt W fuzzy with NGC 2183 + 2184 9 W 30 stars loose poor some brt 0331.6 + 3720 W 0349.4 + 5240 25 stars sl elongated poor 15 stars string of brt stars 0704.2 + 0103 30 stars 5 stars = a Y loose X NGC # H # * 2335 Const. * 2353 Mag. 32-8 Type 34-8 Mon Size Mon 9.1 * Season 2169 5.3 Oc * 24-8 OC * 12 2194 RA + Dec * 869 Ori 20 * 884 5-6 * 1023 33-6 W Comment 1245 6.4 34-6 Ori 156-1 W * Per 25-6 * OC Per 1513 Per * 9.2 1528 Per 0706.6 4.4 − 1545 1005 60-7 5 * 4.7 10.5 61-7 OC 0714.6 − 1018 * 35 2421 stars 85-8 OC triangular 6.9 tight Per group * 2422 G OC Per 8 25 stars 2423 loose 67-7 1 W bl/wh Per 36 easy OC 38-8 8.8 36 4 × 28-7 1.2 6.2 Pup 10 8 Pup W OC W Pup W OC 9.4 W 0608.4 + 1357 12 4.5 OC W 25 6.9 15 OC stars brt tightly grouped OC 18 0613.8 + 1248 0219.0 + 5709 OC 0240.3 + 3904 W 8 0222.4 + 5707 Rich W 25 slightly circular resolve Double Cluster el resolvable 0314.7 20 elonated + 4715 brt starlike Double W nucl Cluster resolvable 40 W stars large 5 W brt 0410.0 stars + 4931 cluster W 0415.4 + 5114 40 stars loose 0420.9 + compact 5015 nucleus 80 stars loosely packed rich 0736.3 − 2037 25 0736.6 stars − 1430 loose 2 brt starswh 0737.1 org − 1352 50 stars no shape M47 lg fairly rich 60 stars lg brt stars easy 206 Appendix G nd 2438 2440 2479 39-4 64-4 2489 58-7 Pup 2509 Pup 23-7 Pup 1750 1-8 11.3 1817 11.5 Pup 43-8 9.5 PN Pup 4-7 PN 9.4 Tau OC 68 9.3 54 × 20 Tau OC 8 OC W W 7.9 7 4 OC OC W 45 W 0741.9 15 − 1813 0741.8 − 1444 W Greenish round brt easy obvious to circular 0755.1 fi within − 1743 M46 W W 0756.2 − 40 3004 stars faint round small easy 0800.2 − 1904 30 stars circular 2 brt st easy 40 0503.9 + stars 2339 some 0512.2 brt + 1642 most faint Part of NGC 16 1746 stars 3 loose clusters scattered poor (continued) X NGC # H # * 2482 Const. * Mag. 10-7 1647 Type Pup 8-8 Size 8.7 Tau Season OC 6 18 RA + Dec OC W Comment W 0754.9 − 2418 50 stars lg rich no shape 0446.0 + 1904 30 stars round double stars Appendix H

Current Sky Portal WiFi Module Compatible Celestron Mount Specifications

Advanced VX

Telescope type Computerized (GOTO) Tripod Adjustable, stainless steel Tripod leg diameter 2″ Mount height (max) 64″ in. (1626 mm) Mount height (min) 44″ in. (1118 mm) Weight capacity (max) 30 lbs Tripod weight 18 lbs (8.16 kg) Weight of counterweights 1 × 12 lbs Warranty 2-year telescope warranty Alignment procedures AutoAlign, 2-star align, quick align , 1-star align, last alignment , solar system align Software precision 24 bit, 0.08 calculation Computer hand control Double line, 16 character liquid crystal display; 19 fi ber optic backlit LED buttons Database 40,000+ objects, 100 user defi ned programmable objects. Enhanced information on over 200 objects Power requirements 12 VDC 3.2 Amps GPS Optional SkySync GPS accessory Alignment procedures AutoAlign, 2-star align, quick align, 1-star align, last alignment, solar system align Software precision 24 bit, 0.08 calculation (continued)

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 207 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 208 Appendix H

(continued) Telescope type Computerized (GOTO) Computer hand control Double line, 16 character liquid crystal display; 19 fi ber optic backlit LED buttons Database 40,000 + objects, 100 user defi ned programmable objects. Enhanced information on over 200 objects Power requirements 12 VDC 3.2 Amps GPS Optional SkySync GPS Accessory

CGEM

Mount type Computerized equatorial Tripod Adjustable, stainless steel Power requirements Car battery adapter Mount weight 41 lbs (19 kg) Tripod weight 17 lbs (7.71 kg) Weight of counterweights 1 × 17 lbs Weight (lbs) 75 lbs (34 kg) Payload capacity 40 lbs (18 kg) Latitude range 15–70° Motor drive Low cog DC servo motors with encoders, both axes Slew speeds Nine slew speeds Tracking rates Sidereal, solar and lunar Tracking modes EQ North and EQ South Alignment procedures AutoAlign, 2-star align, quick align , 1-star align, last alignment , solar system align Software precision 24 bit, 0.08 calculation Computer hand control Double line, 16 character Liquid Crystal Display; 19 fi ber optic backlit LED buttons Database 40,000+ objects, 100 user defi ned programmable objects. Enhanced information on over 200 objects Power requirements 12 VDC 3.2 Amps GPS Optional SkySync GPS Accessory

CGE Pro Mount

Tripod and pier weight 52 lbs (24 kg) EQ mount weight 75 lbs (34 kg) Counterweight bar 5 lbs (2.27 kg) Weight of counterweights 1 × 22 lbs Weight (lbs) 154 lbs (70 kg) Payload capacity 90 lbs (41 kg) (continued) Appendix H 209

(continued) Motor drive DC servo motors with encoders, both axes Slew speeds Nine slew speeds 5.5 deg/s, 2 deg/s, 0.5 deg/s, 64x, 16x, 8x, 4x, 1x, 0.5x Tracking rates Sidereal, solar and lunar Tracking modes EQ north and EQ south Alignment procedures 2-Star align, solar system align , last alignment , quick align, 1-star align Computer hand control Double line, 16 character liquid crystal display; 19 backlit LED buttons Database 40,000+ objects, 100 user defi ned programmable objects. Enhanced information on over 200 objects Power requirements 12 VDC 3.5A Internal clock Yes GPS Optional SkySync GPS accessory

Appendix I

Glossary

AltAz Altitude and Azimuth mount . Features the intu- itive left–right and up–down movements of the telescope. Many GoTo telescopes operate in an alt-az confi guration. AFOV Apparent Field of View. Usually applied to tele- scope eyepieces. Android A mobile operating system developed by Google for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. Autoguider This function processes the signal from a CCD camera installed on a guide scope, and it auto- matically guides the telescope and mount with high precision over an extended period. This enables long exposure photography and imag- ing of astronomical objects. Backlash Compensation Provides a reduced time lag at the point of revised motion where the mount drive gears briefl y lose contact. Dovetail An almost universally accepted method of attaching telescope optical tubes to telescope mounts , originally introduced by Vixen, and now adopted by many manufacturer’s including Celestron.

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 211 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 212 Appendix I

Caldwell Catalog A list of 109 bright deep sky objects not included in the Messier Catalog, compiled by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore. The list contains 35 galaxies, 9 nebulae, 13 planetary nebulae, 25 star clusters, 1 dark nebula, 18 globular clus- ters, 2 supernova remnants, and 6 star cluster/ nebula combinations. The Caldwell Catalog includes bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere that were not listed in the Messier Catalog. Equatorial mount Features the ability to track an astronomical object by countering the rotation of the Earth. The RA, or right ascension, axis is set parallel to the Earth’s axis. The declination axis is the axis of rotation that is at right angles to the polar axis of an equatorial mounting and that permits pointing the telescope to celestial objects of different declinations. Declination is the measurement of an objects angular distance from the celestial equator. FMC Fully multi-coatings. Multi-layered anti- refl ective coatings on all optical surfaces of a lens system. Applicable to eyepieces, refrac- tors, and binoviewers. FOV Field-of-view. The true FOV is found by diving the AFOV of an eyepiece by the magnifi cation that results from using the eyepiece. GoTo Mount Computerized telescope mounts that automati- cally point the telescope towards the requested object. GPS Global Positioning System . A system of 24 orbiting satellites (plus four spares) that use timing signals between them and to ground receivers to accurately, within 1 m, determine positioning on the Earth’s surface. Also known as SATNAV. HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning IC Catalog 5386 deep sky objects cataloged by J.L.E. Dreyer as a supplement to the NGC catalog. iOS A mobile operating system developed by Apple for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. Kings rate The tracking rate developed to account for atmospheric refraction. Appendix I 213

Meridian An imaginary line drawn from due South directly overhead to due North. Messier catalog A list of 110 (actually 109) deep sky objects originally created by Charles Messier in the late 1700. It consists of 39 galaxies, 7 nebulae, 5 planetary nebulae, and 55 star clusters. Moon or lunar rate Sidereal rate plus compensation for the Moon’s motion around the Earth. NGC or New General Catalogue A catalog of deep sky objects based on William Herschel’s Catalog of Nebulae. The NGC cata- log contains 7840 objects, and was created by J.L.E. Dreyer. OTA Optical tube assembly. Usually includes optics (lenses and/or mirrors), tube, mounting bracket(s), and focuser. PEC Periodic Error Correction , which compensates for slight manufacturing errors in the mechani- cal gear of equatorial mount drive systems that causes an irregular motion of the tracking gear. PEC enables smoother tracking, especially for astrophotography and astro-imaging. SATNAV see GPS Sidereal rate The standard tracking rate for compensating for the Earth’s rotation. This is the rate the stars move across the sky. SkyAlign Celestron’s proprietary GoTo mount alignment algorithm, requiring the user to align the telescope with three stars or planets. It is not necessary to know the names of the objects using SkyAlign. StarBright XLT Celestron’s proprietary optical coating, StarBright XLT refl ective and anti-refl ective coatings are the purest available (exceeding 99.99 %) and include aluminum (Al), hafnium oxide (HfO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and magnesium fl uoride (MgF2). SCT Schmidt-Cassegrain design telescope. Also known as a catadioptric design, meaning a tele- scope with a combination of lenses and mirrors. SkyPortal app Celestron’s free application , available for down- load to iOS or Android mobile smart devices Powered by Sky Safari 4, SkyPortal allows the user to control the Evolution series telescopes, or through the use of the optional SkyPortal WiFi module attached to certain other Celestron 214 Appendix I

telescopes or German mounts , to control the telescope and mount over a WiFi connection . The SkyPortal app allows the user to explore the Solar System, 120,000 stars, 220 star clus- ters, nebulae, galaxies, and dozens of asteroids, comets, and satellites—including the ISS. Slew, or Slewing The movement of a telescope on its mount using its drive motors. Solar rate The tracking rate required to maintain the accu- rate tracking of the Sun. This rate differs from the sidereal rate. TOTOTA The author’s acronym for turning off, turning back on, and trying the alignment process again. Wall wart An AC-to-DC power supply that plugs into a wall electrical socket. WiFi technology Integrated wireless Internet allows connection to smartphone or tablet with the SkyPortal app to control Celestron’s Wi-Fi enabled products. Bibliography

Published Works

Bakich, Michael E., “Behind the Scenes at Celestron”, Astronomy Magazine, December, 2013. Celestron, NexStar Evolution Series Telescopes Instruction Manual, 2014. Chen, James L., The Vixen Star Book User Guide, Springer, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, 2015. Harrington, Philip S., Star Ware — The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to Choosing, Buying, and Using Telescopes and Accessories , 4 th ed., John Wiley and Son, Inc., 2007. O’Meara, Stephen James, The Messier Objects, Cambridge University Press, 2006. O’Meara, Stephen James, The Caldwell Objects, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Internet Sources

www.celestron.com , accessed October 2015—March 2016. www.apple.com , accessed October 2015—March 2016

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 215 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2

Index

A Ambient temperature, 40, 117, Abell objects, 75, 94 119, 162 Access Point Mode, 127 Auto Two Star Align, 13, 77, 83 Accessories camera adapter, 144, 145 case, 130, 132, 163 B dew shade, 119 Battery, 9, 12, 27, 28, 40, 69, 70, 75, 91, 92, digital camera adapter, 144, 145 113, 117, 128, 137, 162 dovetail plate, 157 Brightness setting, 64, 114 equatorial wedge, 23, 32, 38, 77, 88, 89, 115, 136, 137, 139 C filter, 2, 18, 37, 46–48, 50, 51, 53, Caldwell objects, 43, 55–57, 59 55–59, 62–64, 66, 67, 70, 71, Celestron 73, 77, 87, 105, 133–136, 140, AS-GT, 18–20 141, 143, 148 CGE, 17–18, 20, 21, 24, 125, 155 focal reducer, 144, 145 CGE Pro, 21–24, 124, 125, 155 imager, 134, 139, 140, 153 CGEM, 20–22, 24, 124, 155 lens shade, 129, 130 CGEM DX, 20–21, 124, 125, 155 mirror diagonal-2”, 133 Compustar, 3, 7–8, 16 nightscape CCD camera, 142–144 GT, 11, 13, 19 Skyris, 139, 141, 153 LCM, 14, 33, 124, 125, 155 Stereo Binocular Viewer, 131–132 NexStar CPC, 33, 125, 155 T-adapter, 138, 139 NexStar GPS, 10, 13, 125, 155 Tele-extender, 138, 139, 153 NexStar SE, 10–11, 33, 124, 125, 136, 155 Universal Piggyback mount, 142 SkyProdigy, 14–15, 124 Vibration suppression pads, 129, 130 SLT, 11–13, 33 Alternative OTA, 159 Ultima 2000, 3, 8–10

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 217 J.L. Chen, The NexStar Evolution and SkyPortal User’s Guide, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32539-2 218 Index

VX, 24, 25, 124, 155 H Cold weather operation, 118 Help, 73, 76 Compustar, 3, 7, 9, 16 Hibernate, 18, 47, 69, 101, 103, 110, 116

E EQ North/EQ South Alignment, 77, 88 I Equatorial mount, 2, 4, 16, 17, 23, 77, 123, IC objects, 69 157, 161 iOS screen brightness, 64 Equatorial wedge, 23, 32, 38, 77, 88, 89, 115, 136, 137, 139 Eyepieces L Abbe orthoscopic, 147, 151 Last Alignment, 77 Barlow, 150–152 Latitude-Longitude, 37, 78, 114, 121 Erfle, 149, 150 Local time, 32, 78, 83, 85, 86, 114 Huygens, 146 Location, 24, 32, 37, 40, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, Kellner, 146, 147 72, 76, 78, 84–86, 88, 93, 114, Konig, 146, 147, 149 120, 121, 124, 162 modern wide-angle, 152 Plossl, 42, 83–86, 89, 114, 146–149, 151, 152 M Ramsden, 146, 147 Manual align, 38, 41, 125, 154 Ultima Duo, 152–154 Messier objects, 2, 43, 55, 56 ultra wide-angle, 150 Mount, 1, 7, 12, 14, 16–18, 20–24, 27, 28, 32, 35–38, 40, 41, 69, 70, 75–77, 88, 91, 105, 112–118, G 120, 121, 123–125, 129, 135–138, Global positioning system (GPS), 10, 12, 18, 141, 142, 153–155, 157–159, 19, 24, 33, 37, 62, 101, 108, 114, 161–163 116, 124, 135 GoTo Asterisms, 43, 58, 59 N Asteroids, 42, 48, 49 NexStar+ AZ Hand Control, 33 Brightest Stars, 42, 51–53 NexStar Evolution, 27, 28, 30, 32–34, 36–45, Caldwell, 4, 43, 55–57, 59 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, Comets, 5, 42, 48, 49 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 75–78, Constellations, 43, 57–59 83–86, 88, 89, 91–94, 101, 104, Deep Sky, 4, 43, 55, 57 109, 113–121, 125, 129, 132–134, Double Stars, 4, 42, 43, 54 136–140, 142–146, 148–155, 157, Messier, 4, 43, 55–57, 59 159, 161–164 Meteor Showers, 59, 60 NexStar+ hand control, 24, 28, 43, 75–78, Moons, 42, 47, 48 83–86, 88, 89, 91–94, 101, 104, Named Stars, 42, 51, 52 109, 117, 118, 120–121 Nearest Stars, 42, 53 NGC objects, 2 NGC/IC, 4, 69 Night vision setting, 32, 72, 73, 75, 119 Satellites, 42, 50 Sun & Planets, 42, 44, 46, 47 Tonight's Best, 42–44, 47 O GPS. See Global positioning system (GPS) One Star Align, 13, 37, 77, 84, 85, 87, 114 Index 219

P SkyQLink2, 36, 123 Periodic error correction (PEC), 4, 9, 18, 21, Solar System Align, 13, 77, 87, 114 22, 24, 114 Solar System Objects Power requirements, 140 Comets, 33, 34, 64 Power supply, 2, 27, 70, 91, 113, 137 Moon, 1, 34, 64, 77, 88, 153 Programmable periodic error correction Planets, 1, 64, 77, 88 (PEC), 24 StarSense AutoAlign, 41, 125, 154, 155 Stereo Binocular Viewer, 131, 132

Q Quick Align, 13, 18, 77, 85, 164 T Temperature requirements, 28, 39, 40, 117, 119, 162 S TOTOTA, 116 Satellite searches, 42, 50 Transporting, 163 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope (SCT), 2, 3, Tripod, 8, 9, 11, 12, 21, 23, 28, 35, 39, 88, 7, 16, 28, 133, 138, 142, 144 89, 114, 129 Setting, 32, 36, 37, 47, 60, 62–73, 77, Two Star Align, 13, 77, 83, 85, 86 78, 87, 91–94, 101, 108, 114, 118, 120, 127 Setup procedures, 77, 87, 115 V Sky Sensor, 2, 3, 5, 7, 15–17 Vixen SkyAlign, 11–13, 20, 33, 37–41, 44, 69, 76, Sky Sensor, 4, 7, 15–17 78–91, 94, 114, 116 Super Polaris, 7, 15–17 SkyPortal app, 27, 28, 30, 32–34, 36–45, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 104, W 113–116, 118, 120, 123, 124, 154 Wedge align, 38, 41, 69, 125, 154 SkyPortal update, 125, 163 WiFi Access, 123–124 SkyPortal WiFi module, 7, 8, 32, 36, 38, 120, WiFi connection, 36, 69, 114, 120, 127 124, 125 WiFi Environment, 120 SkyQLink, 36, 123, 127 WiFi module, 36, 123–125