Commodity Price, Agric Input and Cash Liquidity Tracking Update1

28th of February, 2017

Major Highlights  The average selling price of maize grain remained stable during the month of February 2017 at $0.42/kg.

 Access to markets has been greatly affected due to incessant rains being experienced across the operational districts. Major business centers like Chitekete in , Sebhumani in Nkayi district, wards 34 and 30 in Mberengwa remain inaccessible as the road network was destroyed by floods. Community members across all operational districts are forced to cross flooded rivers from time to time to access markets.

 Zaka remained the only district reporting 2 tier pricing. The price of maize grain (17.5 kg bucket) is reported to be selling for $7.00 when paying cash and at $8.00 when paying using Eco cash.

 Mealie meal remains available across the operational districts, with imported brands continuing to dominate in district. The average selling price of the commodity remained stable at $0.62/kg.

 The average selling price of cooking oil remained stable at $1.91 per litre.

 The prices of fertilisers have remained stable at $37.78/ 50k and 32.50/ 50kg for AN fertilise and Compound D respectively. Availability of fertilisers remains very low across all operational districts.

 Average prices for different large livestock breeds remained stable, ranging from $300 to $502. Despite the floods that have affected livestock across operational districts, the water, pasture situation and general condition of livestock has been improving.

1Matebeleland North – Lupane, Nkayi, Umguza , Matebeleland South – Beitbridge, , , Matobo, , Midlands – Gokwe North, Gokwe South, Mberengwa, , province – Gutu, Masvingo, Zaka

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1. Staple foods

i. Maize Grain The average selling price of maize grain remained unchanged at $0.42/kg from that of mid- February 2017. The commodity remains available across all the targeted fifteen districts. In seven districts (Masvingo rural, Gokwe North, Gokwe South, Gutu, Gwanda, Nkayi and Umguza) informal/private traders remain the main suppliers of maize grain. The Grain Marketing Board (GMB) remains the main supplier of the commodity in Beitbridge, Umzingwane, Insiza, Matobo, Lupane, Zaka, Mberengwa and Shurugwi districts. At the GMB the average selling price remained unchanged for grain, which was noted to be selling to commercial clients and the drought relief clients at $0.45/kg and $0.30/kg respectively. ii. Maize Grain Price Trends at District level Maize grain continues to be available across all operational districts. Masvingo Rural district had the lowest average selling price of maize grain ($0.35/kg) while prices in Gutu remain the highest at $0.48/kg, similar to what was reported mid-February 2017. In Masvingo, the average selling price of grain remains low as traders source the commodity from irrigation schemes, like Mushandike irrigation, within the district hence they have minimal transportation costs. Informal traders in Shurugwi district are sourcing maize grain from Karoi town in Mashonaland West province. Cash and electronic payments systems are used interchangeably by informal traders in the sale of maize grain. During the reporting period no incidents of 3 tier pricing were reported.

The GMB has two maize grain selling schemes, the commercial (sold to all walk in buyers at a commercial rate of $0.45/kg) and that for the Rural Populations Drought Relief scheme (subsidised grain sold to rural populations as a drought relief intervention at $0.30/kg). Similar to the mid-February 2017 period, Nkayi, Umguza and Gokwe North remain the only districts amongst the 15 operational districts without maize grain for commercial and relief sale from the GMB. In districts with maize available for commercial sales, the average price remains stable at $0.45/kg. In ten districts (Lupane, Beitbridge, Gwanda, Insiza, Matobo, Umzingwane, Mberengwa, Shurugwi, Gutu and Zaka) at least one depot has grain for the Rural Populations Drought Relief scheme trading at a subsidised price of $0.30/kg. iii. Maize meal The average price of maize meal remained unchanged at $0.62/kg from that of mid- February 2017. However a 3% price increase was witnessed as at end of December 2016 as we approached the lean season. In all other districts except Beitbridge, local brands mainly from National Foods millers, GMB millers, Blue Ribbon millers and Chester millers were readily available on the market. Available brands included Red Seal roller meal, super refined maize meal and Parlenta maize meal from National Foods Milling Company. From GMB, the available brands were Silo Upfu and Silo roller meal and from Blue Ribbon foods Chibataura and Ngwerewere maize meal. In Beitbridge imported maize meal brands are more readily available than local brands. This is attributed to its proximity to South Africa, with Beitbridge being a border district.

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The table inserted below shows the average prices of maize meal and the brands available across the districts.

Consolidated Millers and Brands Survaillance.xls

Maize Meal price trends at district level retained the lowest ($0.59/kg) average price of maize meal, Matabeleland South’s average price was $0.60/kg, while both Matebeleland North and Masvingo had the highest ($0.63/kg) average mealie meal selling price. In Beitbridge the most readily available maize meal imported brands include Eagle, Sasko, Pioneer, Induna and Blue bird. The maize meal is imported from South Africa by traders licensed to import commodities from South Africa or by community members who smuggle the commodity across the border. The average selling price for imported brands is $0.61/kg. Local brands remained the most readily available across the 14 districts excluding Beitbridge. iv. Small Grains Sorghum: The average selling price of sorghum maintained a steady path of increase from $0.57/kg at the end of December 2016, $0.61 at the end of January 2017, $0.62 at mid- February 2017 and currently at $0.63/kg (end-February 2017). At the end ofFebruary 2017 the commodity was available in 9 districts namely Lupane, Nkayi, Umguza, Beitbridge, Gwanda, Matobo, Gokwe South, Mberengwa and Shurugwi. A slight price increase was noted in Nkayi from $0.34/kg in mid-February to $0.36/kg at the end of February 2017. The price increase can be attributed to the high transport costs associated with sourcing the commodity from Gokwe South. In the nine districts except Gwanda and Shurugwi, informal traders remain the major suppliers of sorghum, while the GMB is the sole supplier in these two. Figure 1 below shows the commodity price trends.

Millet: A price and availability stability was maintained for Millet during the reporting period. The average price remained $0.71/kg and the product was available in ten out of the fifteen targeted districts namely; Lupane, Umguza, Beitbridge, Gwanda, Insiza, Matobo, Gokwe South, Mberengwa, Shurugwi and Zaka. In these ten districts, Informal/private traders continue to be the main suppliers of the commodity except in Gwanda and Shurugwi where GMB is the main supplier. Demand for millet remains very low. This may be attributed to palatability preferences by consumers. The average price trends of the commodity are shown in Figure 1 below.

2. Non Staple Foods The average selling price of Sugar Beans increased slightly from $2.25 in mid-February 2017 to $2.26 at the end of February 2017. While in all other districts the average price of the commodity remained stable, in Nkayi the price rose from $2.20/kg in mid-February 2017 to $2.40/kg at the end of February 2017. The price increase in Nkayi district was caused by increased transportation costs from source markets. Formal traders remain the major suppliers of the commodity across all districts and it remains readily available. The average selling price of Ground Nuts (both shelled and unshelled) remained stable from that of mid-

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February 2017. For Unshelled Groundnuts the price remained at $0.63/, while that of Shelled Groundnuts remained at $1.65/kg.

Cow peas: Cow peas remain unavailable across 7 districts (Zaka, Nkayi, Masvingo, Gutu, Umzingwane, Gokwe North and Gokwe South). The average selling price of the commodity remains stable at $1.42 per kilogram from that of mid-February 2017. In areas where the commodity is available, informal traders remain the major suppliers.

Cooking Oil: The average selling price of cooking oil remained stable at $1.91 per litre across all operational districts. In Gokwe North, while the typical price of cooking oil remained stable at $1.85/liter, it is reported that Hanadishe Superette at Nemumbidzia growth point which serves seven wards flooded the market with the product at a price of $1.70/lt. The store reports that they obtain the commodity from Mohammed Mussa in and use their own trucks for transporting the commodity to Gokwe hence the low price compared to other stores.

Local brands like Pure Drop and Zimgold continue to dominate the market in the target districts. The commodity remained readily available on the market across the targeted districts. Formal traders remain the main suppliers of the commodity. Figure 5 below shows price trends for cooking oil in selected districts.

Kapenta continues to trade at a stable average price of $9.80/kg from that of mid-February 2017 and remains available across all the targeted districts. Formal traders remain the major supplier of the commodity. Informal traders in Beitbridge, Lupane, Gokwe South and Gokwe North also sell Kapenta which they source from middle men in areas such as Binga and where fishing is done for commercial purposes. Salt remains readily available in all the operational districts at a stable price of $0.57/kg in end-February 2017. The price of Sugar remained stable at $1.06/kg, three months of stability (December 2016 to February 2017). The commodity remains readily available on the formal markets across the targeted districts. Figure 4 below shows the price trends for various commodities in selected districts.

3. Agricultural inputs

Certified Maize seed: The maize planting season has ended and hence demand for maize seed has decreased drastically over the past weeks. Low demand for the commodity has led to a low availability of the commodity across all operational districts as traders’ no-longer stock it in huge quantities. Price stability prevailed for the month of February 2017 with the commodity trading at $28.66 per 10kg bag. In the commodity remained unavailable. Mberengwa had the highest price ($31.00/10kg bag) followed by Matobo ($30.58/10kg bag), while Nkayi had the lowest ($26.00/10kg bag) followed by Insiza ($27.00/10kg bag).

Sorghum Seed: The average price of the commodity remains stable at $11.82 per 10kg bag at the end of February 2017. reported the highest price ($17.50/10kg) while Beitbridge ($4/10kg) and Gwanda ($5/10kg) reported the lowest prices. In six districts (Lupane, Umguza, Beitbridge, Gokwe North, Gwanda and Zaka), the commodity remains available. Apart from efforts of various agricultural extension agencies like Matobo Research

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Station in promoting the adoption of small grains, farmers in Matabeleland South use retained seeds for planting hence the low prices of the commodity in the Province.

Certified Millet Seed: Price stability has been maintained for millet seed at $10.33 per 10kg bag at the end of February 2017. The commodity remains available in 10 operational districts, but not in Nkayi, Umzingwane, Gokwe North, Gutu and Masvingo.

The average selling price of basal fertiliser mainly Compound D remained stable at $32.50 at the end of February 2017 reporting period. Availability of the commodity remained low and erratic as it was available in eleven (11) districts only (Lupane, Beitbridge, Insiza, Umguza, Matobo, Mberengwa, Shurugwi, Gokwe North, Gutu, Masvingo Rural and Zaka). In Gokwe North the Command Agriculture scheme conducted a late distribution for Compound D fertiliser to community members during the reporting period. Gokwe North recorded the lowest price ($15 per 50kg) for basal fertiliser sold on the informal market. Farmers in the district were observed to be selling fertiliser they obtained from various government agriculture input support schemes in the informal market, as the planting season has ended and the commodity is no longer on demand. Across all other operational districts the commodity has gradually become scarce, available at selected wholesalers and agro dealers. Traders are shunning away from stocking the commodity as its market has reduced drastically following the end of planting season.

The average price of Top dressing fertiliser mainly Ammonium Nitrate remained stable at $37.78 per 50kg bag from that of mid-February 2017. The commodity (Ammonium Nitrate) remains available in only nine (9) districts namely; Lupane, Umguza, Beitbridge, Insiza, Mberengwa, Shurugwi, Gutu, Masvingo Rural and Zaka. Leaching, caused by incessant rains, coupled with the fact that over 80% of crops are reportedly at early maturity stage, has increased the demand for Top dressing fertiliser.

4. Livestock average costs As at mid-February 2017, the average price of cattle continues to vary from one district to another and also by breed. The average price for different large livestock breeds range from $300 to $502. The average price of a bull remained stable at $500 at the end of February 2017. Matabeleland South Province had the highest average price of a bull ($510), followed by ($480), Matabeleland North Province ($470), while Midlands had the lowest price at $410. Matobo remains the district with the most expensive bull, selling for $600. Gokwe North reported the lowest selling price for a bull at $350. Figure 7 below shows the price trends of Large Livestock.

For small livestock, the average prices of goats, sheep and indigenous chickens remained stable at $39,00, $48 and $5.00 respectively. Figure 8 below shows the price trends of Small Livestock.

5. Cash Liquidity Situation

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The formal and informal traders across all operational districts continue to trade with the bond note at par with the US Dollar, a rate of 1:1. However, consumers from Umguza and Umzingwane districts travelling to purchase commodities in noted that at times they faced cross rates for the USD against the bond note (1 USD : 3.5 bond) in the informal market.

At the end of February 2017 respondents reporting the use of plastic money remained unchanged at seventy six percent (76%) as at mid-February 2017. The constantly high proportion of respondents using plastic money can be attributed to beneficiary education on plastic money coupled with the increasing number of mobile money agents. The cash crunch together with the adoption of e-commerce by both traders and consumers has forever changed the payments landscape across the operational districts.

Curtailed movement of goods and people as a result of damaged road networks has contributed to the worsening of the cash crisis situation across the operational districts. No artificial shortages of commodities were noted. The number of functional mobile cash agents rose by 9 from 363 in mid-February 2017 to 377 at the end of February 2017. The number of functional merchants, which include stores and supermarkets, remained stable at 176 as in mid-February 2017. The registration requirements for being a merchant are lengthy and restrictive hence only a few businesses have so far managed to successfully go through the registration process. Figure 10 below shows the trend in numbers of functional mobile money agents and merchants in the operational areas.

i. The Three tier regime of charging the cost of goods

No respondents reported incurring any additional cashing out costs. This can be attributed to the continued beneficiary education through public address meetings in collaboration with mobile money service providers on use of the platform and the cashing out costs. Project staff continue to monitor the operating environment.

Zaka remained the only district reporting 2 tier pricing. The price of maize grain (17.5 kg bucket) is reported to be selling for $7.00 in cash and $8.00 for plastic money with informal traders through P2P transactions. The practice also continued on fertilizers where a 50kg bag of top dressing is selling at $36.00 cash and $37.00 for plastic money both Ecocash and swipe. There were no observed differences noted for one purchasing using bond notes and USD as bond notes are trading at 1:1 with the USD notes. The US Dollar is becoming scarce on the market compared to Bond notes. Furthermore, only small denominations ($1, $5, $10 and $20 notes) of the US Dollar are available on the market. Project staff continue to be watchful to ensure that merchants or traders involved in unscrupulous activities are reported to the mobile service providers.

Access to markets has been greatly affected due to the incessant rains being received across the operational districts. In Mberengwa, following the destruction of a major bridge by floods, Agro-dealers and shop owners in wards 30, 31, 32 and 34 now have to travel to

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Gwanda to access goods for restocking. Chireya business center in Gokwe North is reportedly inaccessible from both Nembudzia and Gokwe South for restocking purposes. Community members, across all operational districts, are forced to cross flooded rivers from time to time to access markets.

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Figure 1: Price Trends for Staple Cereals

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Figure 2: Maize Grain for Selected Districts

Maize Grain Prices for Selected Districts 0.80

0.70

0.60

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0.20 Average amount amount (USD/Kg) Average 0.10

0.00 Mid End `Mi Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End End Mid End Mid End Jun Jun d Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apri Apri Ma Ma July July Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb e e Dec 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 l 16 l 16 y 16 y 16 16 16 16 16 t 16 t 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 Lupane 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Umguza 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Beitbridge 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Gwanda 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Gutu 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Zaka 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Gokwe North 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Shurugwi 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

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Figure 3: Maize Meal price trends per KG for Selected Districts

Mealie Meal Price Trends (per kg) in Selected Districts 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 Average price price (USD/Kg) Average 0.10 0.00 `Mi `Mi Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End End End Mid End Mid End d d Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr Ma Ma Jun Jun Jul July Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Nov Dec 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 y 16 y 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 t 16 t 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 16 16 Lupane 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.68 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 Nkayi 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.49 0.53 0.60 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Insiza 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Matobo 0.50 0.50 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.48 0.49 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.59 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 Gutu 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.95 0.95 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.65 Masvingo 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.59 Gokwe South 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.58 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Mberengwa 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56

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Figure 4: Price Trends for Non-Cereal Foods

Consortium: Prices of Non Cereal Foods

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Prices in in unit per Prices$ 1.00

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0.00 Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Mid End Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apri Apri May May Jun Jun July July Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 l 16 l 16 16 16 e 16 e 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 Sugar beans 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.09 2.09 2.17 2.15 2.16 2.22 2.21 2.13 2.13 1.92 2.03 2.00 1.83 2.11 2.20 2.18 2.07 2.16 2.17 2.18 1.96 2.15 2.12 2.12 2.09 2.13 2.15 2.17 2.17 2.25 2.26 Cowpeas 1.31 1.31 1.22 1.35 1.64 1.64 1.61 1.40 1.40 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.17 1.25 1.25 1.17 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.07 1.27 1.27 1.28 0.71 0.83 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.87 0.89 1.19 1.34 1.42 1.42 Ground nuts (unshelled) 0.92 0.92 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.94 1.23 1.24 1.29 1.29 1.18 1.02 0.98 0.98 1.31 0.96 1.16 0.85 1.04 1.04 1.38 0.37 0.41 0.41 0.46 0.44 0.46 0.63 0.33 0.33 0.46 0.46 Ground nuts (Shelled) 2.49 2.49 2.52 2.55 2.75 2.79 2.63 2.36 2.87 2.87 2.86 2.86 2.67 2.41 2.82 2.29 2.38 2.58 3.25 1.82 1.44 1.44 1.44 0.97 1.10 1.16 1.10 1.14 1.51 1.54 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Cooking oil 1.72 1.73 1.72 1.73 1.75 1.74 1.84 1.79 1.79 2.45 1.84 1.82 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.78 1.91 1.91 1.85 1.84 1.89 1.91 1.90 1.73 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.86 1.91 1.91 Salt 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 Sugar 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.04 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.08 1.06 1.06 1.03 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.07 0.98 1.09 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 Kapenta (100g) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.87 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.98 0.98

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Figure 5: Price Trends for Inputs

Price Trends for Cereal Seeds and Fertiliser 45.00

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15.00 Average Price Price Average(USD)

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- End Aug Mid End Sept Mid Oct End Oct Mid Nov End Nov Mid Dec End Dec Mid Jan End Jan Mid Feb End Feb 16 Sept 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 Maize (10kg Bag) 29.25 21.46 27.25 22.05 25.63 27.43 26.96 28.00 27.80 27.74 28.49 28.66 28.66 Sorghum (10kg Bag) 4.85 5.73 7.02 8.51 7.56 7.38 9.97 8.28 11.32 11.32 11.32 11.82 11.82 Millets (10kg Bag) 3.65 3.08 4.55 6.15 6.08 6.07 9.33 8.80 13.00 12.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 Groundnuts (per kg) 1.40 1.53 1.77 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.39 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.13 1.13 1.13 Vegetable Seeds (100g) 1.80 1.80 2.20 2.17 2.17 3.14 2.84 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.23 3.23 3.23 Basal Fertiliser, e,g Compound D (50kg) 24.50 27.93 31.83 18.11 20.11 27.43 30.15 30.50 30.56 31.11 32.95 32.50 29.41 Top Dressing Fertiliser, e,g AN (50kg) 27.07 29.60 34.07 20.80 20.80 34.67 34.00 34.00 34.43 35.00 37.33 37.78 40.89

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Figure 6: Price Trends for Legumes and Vegetables

Price Trends for Legumes and Vegetables 3.50

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2.50

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1.50 Average price price (USD) Average 1.00

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- End Aug Mid Sept End Sept Mid Oct End Oct Mid Nov End Nov Mid Dec End Dec Mid Jan End Jan Mid Feb End Feb 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 Sugar Beans (per kg) 1.48 1.61 1.94 1.65 1.54 1.54 1.18 1.55 1.55 1.63 1.40 1.40 1.38 Groundnuts (per kg) 1.40 1.53 1.77 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.39 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.13 1.13 1.13 Vegetable Seeds (100g) 1.80 1.80 2.20 2.17 2.17 3.14 2.84 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.23 3.23 3.23

Figure 7: Average Prices of Large Livestock

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Average Prices for Large Livestock 600

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Average Price Price Average(USD) 200

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0 End Sept Mid Nov End Nov Mid Dec Mid Oct 16 End Oct 16 End Dec 16 Mid Jan17 End Jan 17 Mid Feb 17 End Feb 17 16 16 16 16 Ox 218.00 385.00 387.00 387.00 387.00 387.00 387.00 387.67 387.67 382.00 382.00 Cow 180.00 300.00 310.00 302.00 300.00 312.67 326.00 300.00 300.00 316.00 316.00 Steer 156.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 308.57 308.57 Heifer 169.00 335.00 330.00 330.00 330.00 330.00 330.00 328.33 328.33 366.15 366.15 Bull 256.00 443.00 444.67 422.67 422.67 442.67 452.67 443.00 443.00 502.86 502.86

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Figure 8: Average Prices of Small Livestock

Average Price for Small Livestock 60

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Average Price Price Average(USD) 20

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0 End Sept Mid Oct End Oct Mid Nov End Nov Mid Dec End Dec Mid End Jan Mid Feb End Feb 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Jan17 17 17 17 Goats 20.00 37.00 36.00 36.67 35.87 36.67 38.67 39.00 38.33 39.00 39.00 Sheep 30.00 48.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 47.86 47.86 Indigenous Chickens 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 6.13 6.13 5.27 5.27

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Figure 9: Number of Functional Ecocash Agents and Merchants Number of Functional Mobile Money Agents and Merchants 400

350

300

250

200 Total Number Total 150

100

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total Number of Functional Ecocash Agents/Kiosk 190 238 327 329 312 312 304 294 301 154 307 312.6 320.6 307.6 345 356 363 377.2 (Across all Wards) Total Number of Functional EcoCash Merchants (e,g 97 152 188 188 198 174 161 154 162 142 194 194.4 181.2 136.2 148 151 176 176 Stores, Supermarkets) in the CTP Wards/Close By

Figure 10: Cash Liquidity Trends

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