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Home , German Youth Movement, Militarism, Otto Wels, Stahlhelm, Young Germany, Zabern Affair

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June 15, 1913 Twenty-fifth Jubilee of Kaiser William II June 30 Extraordinary and budget bills October 16-19 Federated Youth Movement conclave at Hohe Meissner December Zabern Affair: crisis of Prussian military intrusion into civilian rule February, 1914 Statistics indicate 1913 as the greatest year of German industrial production and trade June 28-August 4 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdi• nand (-Hungary) leads to out• break of First World September 12 German advance on Paris stopped in of the Marne August 29, 1916 Generals von Hindenburg and Luden• dorff take over Supreme High Com• mand: Kaiser overshadowed; totalitarian launched April6, 1917 declares war on November 7 Soviet seizure of power in Russia March 21- Final German in France April5, 1918 September 2 9 General Ludendor:ff urges Kaiser to sue for peace October 28- Mutinies in German and November 5 November9 Kaiser abdicates; Scheidemann proclaims German Republic November 11 Armistice ends First January 5-15, 191 9 Ultra-left Spartacist revolt suppressed CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 337

February6 Weimar Constituent Assembly opens June 28 Germany signs July 31 New republican constitution adopted at Weimar February 24, 1920 Hitler proclaims twenty-five points of National Socialist program in March 13-18 Abortive conservative m May5 Germany receives reparations bill of 132 billion marks June 6 German Communist party first enters Reichstag with 600,000 votes April16, 1922 Treaty of Rapallo normalizes relations between Germany and Russia August 1922- Frenzied climax of German monetary in• November 1923 flation January 11, 1923 French occupation of Ruhr industrial basin October Communist disruption in Saxony, Ham• burg, and Thuringia November 8-9 Abortive Hitler-Ludendorff putsch in Munich April9, 1924 Dawes Plan gives new stability to Ger• man economy February 28, 1925 Death of President Ebert April26 Von Hindenburg elected second presi• dent of October 16 Conclusion of Locarno Treaties; triumph of Stresemann foreign policy April24, 1926 Treaty of Berlin: expanded Soviet-Ger• man economic relations September 8 Germany enters August 1929 Visibility of German technology as liner "Bremen" recaptures Blue Riband of North Atlantic and "Graf Zeppelin" flies around the world September 1929- French forces evacuate demilitarized May 1930 Rhineland October 3 Death of Gustav Stresemann 338 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST

October 24 Wall Street stock market crash signals onslaught of the , 1929- 1933 December 22 German referendum on Young Plan shows majority support for higher repara• tions payments March 27, 1930 Republican coalition fails; beginning of rule by Bruning minority cabinet and presidential decree September 14 Nazi election surge from 12 to 107 Reichstag seats March 21, 1931 Abortive Austro-German treaty for cus• toms union May 11-July 15 Collapse of Austrian and German bank• ing systems July6 Hoover moratorium on reparations and war debts October 11 Harzburg Front: Hitler, Hugenberg, Schacht, and Seldte (head of "Stahl• helm") cooperate 1931-1932 Sporadic Nazi-Communist cooperation to destroy the Weimar Republic January 27, 1932 Hitler address to the lndustrieklub April10 Von Hindenburg re-elected president of Weimar Republic in contest with Hitler May30 Chancellor Bruning dismissed June 16-November 17 Cabinet of July9 Final agreement on reparations for 3 bil• lion marks July 20 Von Papen coup against Socialist state of November 6 Reichstag elections show major losses for Nazis December 2- Cabinet of General von Schleicher January 28, 1933 January 30 Hitler named chancellor January-February Expansion of (secret political police) February 27 : suspension of Bill of Rights; Nazi terror CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 339

March 5 Last Reichstag elections of Weimar re• public March 21 Conservative-Nazi patriotic ceremonies at March 23 Reichstag votes suspension of Weimar constitution by giving Hitler dictatorial power till April1, 1937 April1 Nationwide anti-Jewish boycott and demonstrations May1 May Day taken over by Nazis; suppres• sion of unions July 14 Nazis force dissolution of all other politi• cal parties July 20 Nazi concordat with Vatican October 14 Germany leaves the League of Nations January 26, 1934 Nazi-Polish nonaggression and friendship pact February-September Major reorientation of Soviet Russia to• wards and against March-April German concentration camps under SS control; Rimmler to head of Gestapo June 14-15 First Hitler-Mussolini meeting in Venice June 30-July 1 Nazi "Blood Purge" of dissident storm• troopers and other enemies July 25 Abortive Nazi putsch in Vienna August 2 President von Hindenburg dies August 19 Plebiscite supports Hitler as "Fuhrer and Chancellor" instead of President March 16, 1935 Germany denounces military clauses of Versailles Treaty June 18 Anglo-German naval agreement September 15 Nuremberg anti-Jewish legislation October 3 Mussolini invades Ethiopia; growing de• pendence on Germany March 7, 1936 Germany destroys Locarno Treaties by reoccupation of demilitarized Rhineland July-August Nazi exploits Olympic Games in Berlin September 14 Proclamation of four year plan to make Germany economically self -sufficient 340 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST

October 25 ltalo-German treaty establishes Rome• Berlin Axis November 5 Fuhrer conference indicates "solution" of Germany's problems by 1943-1945 (Rossbach Memorandum) November 25 German-Japanese anti-Comintern pact February 4, 1938 Nazification of German military and dip• lomatic commands March 12-13 Nazi seizure of Austria September Czechoslovak crisis culminating in Mu• nich Pact March 15, 1939 Destruction of ; Hitler in Prague April28 Hitler abrogates pacts with and Britain May23 ltalo-German Pact of Steel; Fuhrer's conference on imminence of war June-August Intensifying Polish-Danzig crisis August 23 Nazi-Soviet nonaggression and neutrality pact September 1-3 Second W odd War begins September against Poland; formation of SS combat divisions April9, 1940 Invasion of Denmark and Norway May 10 Invasion of , Holland, and France June 10 Italy enters the war June 23 France surrenders at Compiegne Winter-Spring 1941 Spectacular campaigns of General Rom• mel in North Africa March-May Nazi of the Balkans June 22 Opening of massive Nazi campatgn against Russia December 5 Leningrad under ; farthest German penetration into suburbs of Moscow December 11 Hitler declares war on the United States January 20, 1942 Hitler authorizes "Final Solution" of German and European Jewish question April26 Reichstag confers absolute wartime pow• ers on Hitler November7 Allied landings in North Africa CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 341

January 31, 194 3 Massive German defeat and surrender at Stalingrad May7 Defeat of German armies in North Africa July 21 Announcement of Soviet-sponsored Free Germany National Committee July 24-August 3 Destruction of Hamburg by intensified air raids July 25 Fall of Mussolini after Allied invasion of southern Italy June 6, 1944 Allied landings in Normandy July 20 Failure of German plot against Hitler January 1945 Russian and Allied forces invade Ger• many from East and West April30 Suicide of Hitler in Berlin May7-8 German forces capitulate at Rheims (France) and Karlshorst (near Berlin) Bibliography

General Works Bruck, W. F. Social and Economic from Wil• liam II to Hitler, 1888-1938. Cardiff, 1938. Crippen, H. R. Germany: A Self-portrait. A Collection of German Writings from 1914 to 1943. , 1944. Holborn, H. A History of Modern Germany, vol. 3. New York, 1969. Kohn, H., ed. German History: Some New German Views. Bos• ton, 1954. ---.The Mind of Germany: The Education of a Nation. New York, 1960. Mann, G. The History of Germany since 1789. New York, 1968. Meinecke, F. The German Catastrophe: Reflections and Recollec• tions. Cambridge, Mass., 1950. Meyer, H. C. Five Images of Germany: Half a Century of Ameri• can Views on German History, 2d ed. Washington, D.C., 1967. Pinson, K. Modern Germany: Its History and . New York, 1954, 1966. Rosenberg, A. The Birth of the German Republic, 1871-1918. New York,1931. Valentin, V. The German People. New York, 1946. Vogt, H. The Burden of Guilt . .. , 1914-1945. New York, 1964.

Empire and Brandenburg, E. From Bismarck to tbe World War. . . . London, 1927. Cowles, V. The Kaiser. New York, 1963. Dehio, L. Germany and World in the Twentieth Century. NewYork, 1959. Fischer, F. Germany's Aims in the First World War. New York, 1967. BIBI.IOGRAPHY 343

Gatzke, H. Germany's Drive into the West. Baltimore, 1950. Lutz, R. H. The Fall of the , 1914-1918. Stanford, Calif., 1932. ---.The Causes of German Collapse in 1918. Stanford, Calif., 1934. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, A. The War and German Society. New Haven, Conn., 1937. Meyer, H. C. Mitteleuropa in German Thought and Action, 1815- 1945. The Hague, 1955. Townshend, M. E. The Rise and Fall of Germany's Colonial Empire, 1884-1918. New York, 1930. Veblen, T. Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. New York, 1915. Wolff, T. The Eve of 1914.London, 1936. Woodward, E. L. Great Britain and the German Navy. London, 1935.

The Revolution and Weimar Republic Angress, W. Stillborn Revolution. The Communist Bid for Power in Germany, 1921-1923. Princeton, N.J., 1963. Bretton, H. L. Stresemann and the Revision of Versailles. Stanford, Calif., 1953. Coper, R. Failure of a Revolution: Germany 1918-1919. Cam• bridge, 1955. Deak, I. Weimar Germany's Left-Wing Intellectuals . ... Berke• ley, Calif., 1968. Gay, P. Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider. New York, 1968. Halperin, S. W. Germany Tried Democracy, 1918-1933. New York, 1946. Kosok, P. Modern Germany: A Study of Conflicting Loyalties. Chicago, 1933. Luehr, E. TheNew German Republic. New York, 1929. Quigley, H., and Clark, R. T. Republican Germany. New York, 1928. Ryder, A. J. The German Revolution of 1918 . ... Princeton, N.J., 1963. Turner, H. Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic. Princeton, N.J., 1963. 344 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Waldman, E. The Spartacist Uprising of 1919 . ... Milwaukee, Wise., 1958. Wheeler-Bennett, J. W. Wooden Titan: Hindenburg in Twenty YearsofGermanHistory 1914-1934. New York, 1936.

The Emergence of National Abel, T. Why Hitler Came to Power . ... New York, 1938. Bullock, A. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York, 1952. Butler, R. D. The Roots of National Socialism, 1789-1933. London, 1941. Heiden, K. A History of National Socialism. London, 1934. ---. Der Fuehrer: Hitler's Rise to Power. New York, 1944. Mosse, G. L. The Crisis of German : Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich. New York, 1964. Orlow, D. The History of the , 1919-1933. Pittsburgh, 1969. Snell, J. L. The Nazi Revolution: Germany's Guilt or Germany's Fate?Boston, 1959. Tonsor, S. J. National Socialism: Conservative Reaction or Nihilist Revolt? New York, 1959. Viereck, P. Metapolitics: The Roots of the Nazi Mind. New York, 1941.

National Socialism, 1933-1939 Allen, W. S. The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Small Town, 1930-1935. Chicago, 1965. Brady, R. A. The Spirit and Structure of German . New York, 1937. Fest, J. C. The Face of the Third Reich: Portraits of the Nazi Leadership. New York, 1970. Hoover C. B. Germany Enters the Third Reich. New York, 1933. Lehmann-Haupt, H. Art under a Dictatorship. London, 1954. Lochner, L. Tycoons and Tyrant: German Industry from Hitler to Adenauer. Chicago, 1959. Mayer, M., They Thought They Were Free. Chicago, 195 5. Mosse, G. L., ed. Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich. New York, 1966. Neumann, F. Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism. New York, 1942. BIBLIOGRAPHY 345

Pollock, J. K. The Government of Greater Germany. New York, 1940. Roberts, S. H. The House That Hitler Built. New York, 1938. Roussy de Sales, R. de., ed. : My . New York, 1941. Schoenbaum, D. Hitler's Social Revolution: Class and Status tn Nazi Germany, 1933-1939. New York, 1966. Shirer, W. L. Berlin Diary, 1934-1941. New York, 1941. Speer, A. Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs. New York, 1970. Tolishus, 0. They Wanted War. New York, 1940. Wheaton, E. B. Prelude to Calamity. The Nazi Revolution, 1933- 1935. New York, 1968.

The Emergence of the SS State Hohne, H. The Order of the Death's Head . ... New York, 1970. Kersten, F. The Kersten Memoirs. London, 195 6. Kogon, E. The Theory and Practice of Hell. New York, 1951. Krausnick, H. et al. Anatomy of the SS State. New York, 1968. Reidinger, G. The Final Solution . ... London, 1953. ---,.The S.S., Alibi of a Nation, 1922-1945. London, 1956. Trevor-Roper, H. R. Hitler's Secret Conversations, 1941-1944. New York, 1953. ---. The Last Days of Hitler. New York, 194 7. ---, ed. The Borman Letters. London, 1954.

Youth and Education Becker, H. German Youth: Bond or Free. London, 1946. Ebeling, H. The GermanYouth Movement. London, 1945. Hartshorne, E. Y. German Youth and the Nazi Dream of Victory. New York, 1941. Laqueur, W. Z. Young Germany: A History of the . New York, 1962. Lilge, F. The Abuse of Learning: The Failure of the German Uni• versities. New York, 1948. Ringer, F. K. The Decline of the Mandarins: The German Aca• demic Community, 1890-1933. Cambridge, Mass., 1969. Scholl, I. Students against Tyranny. Middletown, Conn., 1970. Ziemer, G. Education for Death . ... New York, 1941. 346 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Women in Germany Kirkpatrick, C. TtVomeninNaziGermany. Indianapolis, 1937. Puckett, H. W. Germany's Women Go Forward. New York, 1929, 1967.

German Dorpalen, A. Hindenburg and the Politics of the Weimar Republic. Princeton, 1964. Klemperer, K. von. Germany's New Conservatism: Its History and Dilemma in the 20th Century. Princeton, 1957. Rauschning, H. The Revolution of Nihilisrn. New York, 1939. ---. The . New York, 1941. Stern, F. The Politics of Cultural Despair. Berkeley, Calif., 1961. Waite, R. G. L. Vanguard of : The Free Corps Movement in Postwar Germany, 1918-1923. Cambridge, Mass., 1952.

The German Working Classes Anderson, E. Hammer or Anvil: The Story of the German Work• ing Class Movement. London, 1945. Berlau, A. J. The German Social Democratic Party, 1914-1921. New York, 1949. Maehl, W. H. German Militarism and Socialism. Lincoln, Neb., 1968. Roth, G. The Social Democrats in Imperial Germany. Totowa, N.J., 1963. Schorske, C. German , 1905-1917. Cambridge, Mass., 19 55. Sturmthal, A. The Tragedy of European Labor, 1918-1939. Lon• don, 1944. Valtin, J. Out of the Night. New York, 1941.

Germany and Russia Carr, E. H. German-Soviet Relations between Two World . Baltimore, 19 51. Dallin, A. German Rule in Russia, 1941-1945. New York, 1957. Fischer, R. Stalin and German . Cambridge, Mass., 1948. BIBLIOGRAPHY 347

Hilger, G., and Meyer, A. G. The Incompatible Allies-A Memoir• History of German-Soviet Relations, 1918-1941. New York, 1953. Laqueur, W. Z. Russia and Germany: A Century of Conflict. Lon• don, 1965. Weinberg, G. L. Germany and the , 1939-1941. Lon• don, 1944.

Nazi Foreign Policy Deakin, F. W. The Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler . ... Lon• don, 1962. Presseisen, E. L. Germany and : A Study in Totalitarian Di• plomacy. New York, 1958. Robertson, E. M. Hitler's Prewar Policy and Military Plans, 1933-1939. New York, 1963. Seabury, P. The Wilhelmstrasse: A Study of German Diplomats under theNazi Regime. Berkeley, Calif., 1954. Wiskemann, E. The Rome-Berlin Axis. London, 1949.

German Military-Political Relationships Craig, G. A. The Politics of the , 1640-1945. New York, 1955. Goerlitz, W. History of the German General , 1657-1945. New York, 1953. O'Neill, R. J. The German Army and the Nazi Party, 1933-1939. London, 1966. Taylor, T. Sword and : Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich. New York, 1952. Wheeler-Bennett, J. W. The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics. New York, 1954.

Church and State inNazi Germany Cochrane, A. C. The Church's Confession under Hitler. Philadel• phia, 1962. Frey, A. Cross and Swastika: The Ordeal of the German Church. London, 1938. Mason, J. B. Hitler's First Foes: A Study in and Politics. Minneapolis, Minn., 1936. 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Micklem, N. National Socialism and the Catholic Church. London, 1939.

The German Resistance Dulles, A. W. Germany's Underground. New York, 1947. Manuel, R., and Fraenkel, H. The Men Who Tried to Kill Hitler. NewYork, 1964. Prittie, T. Germans against Hitler. Boston, 1964. Ritter, G. The German Resistance: Carl Goerdeler's Struggle against Tyranny. New Y ark, 19 58.

Population Transfers and Migration Koehl, R. L. RKFDV: German Resettlement and Population Policy, 1939-1945. Cambridge, Mass., 1957. Kulischer, E. M. Europe on the Move: War and Population Changes, 1917-1947. New York, 1948. Proudfoot, M. J. European Refugees, 1939-1952. London, 1957. Schechtmann, J. B. European Population Transfers, 1939-1945. New York, 1946.

Germany in Ruin Bourke-White, M. "Dear Fatherland, Rest Quietly." ... New York, 1946. Gollancz, V.ln Darkest Germany. London, 1947. Knauth, P. Germany in Defeat. New York, 1946. Spender, S. European Witness. New York, 1946. Stolper, G. German . New York, 1948. White, W. L. Report on the Germans. New York, 1947. Index

Abel, Theodore, research on Nazi Beck, Ludwig, objectives of anti• movement, 118-128 Nazi conspiracy of 1944, 303- Abshagan, Karl-Heinz, on inflation 311 and corruption in the Belgium Weimar Republic, 128-137 economy of, 133 Ackerman, Anton, 302 and Hitler's plans for European Afrikakorps, 300. See also Rommel, domination, 254, 265 General Ernst Locarno Treaty, 11 Albania, 263 Nazi invasion of, 340 Allenstein, 321-322 and Versailles Treaty, 107, 109, -Lorraine 112 after World War I, 7, 111 violation of in World War I, 5 French population of, 2 Bell, Doctor Hans, 116 Amexima Company, 135-136 Berlin, Treaty of, 11, 145-146, 337 Arendzee, Martha, 302 Berlin, University of Auschwitz, concentration camp at, burning of books at, 220-221 275,299 Berliner Tageblatt, 45-49, 72, 220 Austria, 112, 133 occupation of Tageblatt building Custom union with Germany, 15, during Spartacist Revolution, 338 86-90 and Hitler's plans for European Bernhard,Georg,220 domination, 254-255 Bernhardi, Friedrich von, 56 Nazi occupation of, 22, 346 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, Nazi putsch in Vienna, 20. See 3, 47, 58, 61, 133 also Austro-Hungary memorandum on German foreign Austro-Hungary, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, policy toward Great Britain 106 and Russia, 54-56 invasion of Serbia by, 51 Bismarck, Prince Otto von, 51 relations with Germany before Parliamentary structure of, 4, 176 World War I, 4, 5. See also and war against Austria and Austria France, 253 and William II, 46-47 Bismarck League. See German Na• Baden, Prince Max von, 6, 71 Balkans tional Peoples party in German foreign policy before Blitzkrieg, against Poland, 340 World War I, 49-51,55 Blomberg, Werner von, 251, 255, Nazi conquest of, 340 256 Barmat, Julius, 135-136 "Blood-purge," of Stormtroopers Bauer, Gustav, 116, 135 by ss, 20, 273 Becher, Johannes R., 302-303 Blunck, Hans, 241, 242 in Free Germany National Com• Bohemia, 22, 122 mittee, 301 Brauchitsch, Walther von, 271, 274 on Nazi regime, 1945, 327-331 Braun, Otto, 73 350 INDEX

Brecht, Arnold, on the Weimar Re• and United Front against Fascism, public and democracy, 91- 158-159 102 and 1923 uprisings, 10, 137, 337 Bredel, Willy, 303 youth movement of, 33 Breuer, Hans, 29 Concentration camps, 22-23, 24, Briand, Aristide, 145 284-299, 339. See also Ausch• Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count, 103, witz; Buchenwald; Kaiser• 104 wald and reactions of German delega• "Conservative Revolution, The," tion to Versailles Treaty, 180-191 109-114 Mohler, Armin, on, 180-183 speech at Versailles, 1919, 105-108 Rauschning, Hermann, on the Bruning, Heinrich, 14-15, 155, 171, ideals and aims of, 183-191 173, 174, 195 Crimea, 283 dismissal of, 16, 152-153, 338 Czechoslovakia, 109, 133 Buchenwald, concentration camp and Hitler's plans for European at, 288,299 domination, 254, 256, 258-259, Bulgaria, 53 270 in World War I, 6 and Locarno Pact, 14 3 Biilow, Bernhard von, 3, 43 Nazi occupation of, 263, 340 partition of, 22 Catholic Center party. Center See D'Aberon, Viscount Edgar Vin• party cent, on Sttesemann and the Center party, 12, 63, 176, 177, 178 Locarno Pact, 137~146 and elections of 1932, 173 Danzig, 183,264,268,340 meeting of, disrupted, 128 made a "free city," 7, 109, 111 under William II, 4, 46 Nazi demands to Poland over, youth division of, 34. See also 263,269 Germany, youth movement David, Eduard, 60, 116 of Dawes Plan, 11, 337 Chamberlain, Austin, 137 role of Stresemann in formulat- , 156 ing,-139, 143 Christianity, 306-307 Delbriick, Clemens von, 61 and Nazism, 194-195 Denmark, Nazi invasion of, 340 views of Nazis on, 282 , 203 Clark, Professor R. T., on Weimar Deutsche Rundschau, 331 government, 147-151 Dimitrov, Georgi, 161, 162, 164 Clausewitz, Karl von, 328 Ebert, Friedrich, 57, 73, 135, 337 Clemenceau, Georges, at Versailles appeal to German people, 115-116 conference, 103, 104, 133 death of, 11 Communist party of Germany, 16, and declaration of World War I, 152,171,229 57, 58-59 alleged cooperation with Nazis, repression of by, 95 160-164 and Revolutions of 1918-1919, 7, in elections of 1930, 15 81, 85, 88 in elections of 1932, 173 Eichhorn, Emil, 84, 95 in elections of 1920, 337 Eichmann, Adolf, 275 Munich, seizure of power in, 71 Einsiedel, Heinrich von, 302 under Nazism, 199, 207-208 Einstein, Albert, 13 and post-Nazi era, 300-303 works of, burned, 243 INDEX 351

Eisner, Kurt, 84-85 George, Stephan, 30 assassination of, 95 German Boy Scout Federation, 34. Enabling Act, 216 See also Germany, Youth attacked by Social Democrats, movement of 218-219 German Democratic party, 93 England. See Great Britain in elections of 1919, 94 Epp, Franz von, 212 meeting of, disrupted, 163 Erzberger, Matthais, 116, 133 German Democratic Republic, 301, assassination of, 10 327 , 283 German National party, 128, 191, Eydtkuhnen, 312 194 German National Peoples party, "Final Solution of the Jewish Ques- 128, 193 tion, The," 21,275, 340 youth division of, 34. See also Foren, Wilhelm, 302 Germany, youth movement Forster, Friedrich Wilhelm, 220 of France,263 German Peoples party, 94 and evacuation of Rhineland, 33 7 youth division of, 34. See also and Germany before World War Germany, youth movement I, 4, 5ln, 52, 53 of and Hitler's plans for European Germans living outside Germany, domination, 22, 254, 255, 256, 17 264,265,268,270 emigration of, after World War liberation of, 300 II, 311-326 and Locarno Treaty, 107, 109, speech about, by Rimmler, 278- 112, 113 281,283-284 Nazi invasion of, 22, 337 Germany, 1 occupation of Ruhr by, 1923, 9- culture of, under Nazis, 239-244 10, 133, 337 economy of, rejection of Young Plan, 15-16 and collapse of banks, 1930, 338 at Versailles Conference, 103-105 and four year plan, 339, 246-250 and Versailles Treaty, 107, 109, in Great Depression, 14-16, 112, 113 152-157, 165 after World War I, 8 and inflation after World War Franco, Francisco, 20, 269 I, 129-137, 337 Frank, Hans, 274 and Nazis in early thirties, 20- Free Corps, 9, 10, 117, 118-121 21,247-250,252-253 and repression of Spartacist Rev• Germany olution, 89 after World War I, 10-11, 337 Free Germany National Committee, before World War I, 2-3 23, 301-303, 32~ 341 education in, under Nazis, 227- Freischar (Free Troops), 34. See 229 also Germany, youth move• foreign policy of, ment of Anglo-German Naval Treaty, Freud, Sigmund, works of, burned, 20,22, 263,339,346 220,243 anti-comintern pact with Japan, Frick, Wilhelm, 175,227 340 Friedberg, Dr. Robert, 83 Berlin Treaty of 1926, 11, 145- Fritsch, Werner von, 251,256 146 352 INDEX

Germany (cont'd) Gide, Andre, works of, burned by Customs union with Austria, Nazis, 243 338 Giesberts, Johann, 16 ltalo-German "Pact of Steel," Glaser, Ernst, works of, burned by 340 Nazis, 220 and League of Nations, 11, 20, Goebbels,Joseph, 19,176,177,178, 144-145, 146, 148, 337, 339 203-216,220,305 and Locarno Treaty, 11, 137- on anti-Jewish Boycott, 213-214 144, 146, 148, 339 death of, 24, 301 and Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggres• on election of Hitler, 1933, 204- sion Treaty, 22, 270, 340 206 under Nazis in early thirties, 20, on Enabling Act, 212-213 246-247,251-256,263-271 on Nazi "May Day," 214-216 and Poland Pact, 263, 3 36, 340 as Nazi Minister of Culture, 239, and Rapallo Treaty, 144, 337 240,241,243 and Versailles Treaty, 8, 115- on Potsdam Garrison Church 116, 142 ceremony, 211-212 after World War I, 11 on Reichstag fire, 207-208 before World War I, 3, 49 and repression of 1944 plot to minority nationalities within, 1-2 assassinate Hitler, 300 and Nazi power, 19-21 Goerdeler, Carl, objectives of anti• Press of, under Nazis, 257-263 Nazi conspiracy of 1944, 304- during Weimar Republic, 9-16 311 and World War I Goering, Hermann, 74, 175, 176, contribution by Germany to, 5, 251, 256, 268, 271 105-106 and four year plan, 246 effect of, upon Germany, 5-7, and Reichstag fire, 207 63-70 speech to Reichstag, 212 and working class, 6 Goring, Hermann. See Goering, and youth movement, 31 Hermann and World War II, 22-24,246- Georg, 135 250, 300 Gradnauer, Dr. flight of ethnic Germans in Great Britain, 156, 245 1945, 311-326 and Anglo-German Naval Treaty invasion by Soviets and Allies, of 1935, 20, 22, 263, 339, 340 341 and German foreign policy be• Nazi preparation for, 246-250 fore World War I, 4, 50, 51- post-World War II, 327-335 54, 55-56 surrender in World War II, and Hitler's plans for European 301, 341 domination, 22, 254, 255, 256, youth movement of, 27-39, 121, 264,265,266,268,269,270 336 and Locarno Treaty, 142-143, Communist wing of, 3 3 145-146 pre-World War I at Versailles Conference, 103-105 of, 29-30 in World War II, 300, 302 post-World War I, 31-37 Great Depression, the, 10, 16, 117, post-World War II, 37-39, 333- 152-157, 165, 338 335 , 263 Gernk, Edwin, 302 Grey, Edward, Sir, 52, 55-56 Gessler, Otto, 195 Groener, General Wilhelm, 177, 178 Gestapo. See SS Gropius, Walter, 13 INDEX 353

Haase, Hugo, 58,81-82 227, 228, 230, 283, 284, 285, against Sozialdemokratische 302, 303, 337, 338 Partei Deutschlands voting anti-Semitism of, 223 for war credits in 1914, 59, 60, address to Industrieklub, 165-171, 61 338 Haber, Dr. Fritz, 2 attempt at European domination, Haldane, Richard Burdon, Lord, 22,253-256 51-53 attempt on life of, 23, 300-301, Hale, William Harlan, on Weimar 303-311, 341 Germany, 153-157 attitude of his followers toward Hamburg Hitler, 122, 123, 126, 128, 315 bombing of, 300, 341 made Chancellor, 17,204-205 Communist uprising in, 3 3 7 his cooperation with conserva• Hanfstaengl, "Putzi," 207 tives, 198-199 Haniel, von, 114 death of, 24, 301, 341 Hardie, Keir, 58 disagreements with Ludendorff, HarzbergFront, 338 173 Hauptmann, Gerhart, 30 elections of 1932, 173, 199-203, Hegemann, Werner, 220 338 Heilmann, Ernst, 135 made Fiihrer, 20 Helfferich, Karl, 13 3 influence upon youth and women, Hetz, Carl, 302 18-19 Reuss, Theodore, on the deteriora• Munich putsch, 10, 134, 137, 337 tion of the Weimar Republic, Munich trial, 141-142 171-178 plans for European domination, Heydrich, Reinhardt, 272, 275 246-272 assassination of, 276 popularity with the rich, 165, 179- Hierl, Konstantin, 230-231, 235 180 Hiller, Kurt, 79 in Potsdam Garrison Church Rimmler, Heinrich, 172, 339 ceremony, 211-212 and concentration camps, 22-23 rearmament of Germany under, on Germany's expansion, 277-284 245 in of Gestapo, 272, 273-277 Hindenberg, General Paul von, 15, Reichstag fire, 207-208 16,165,172-173,203,336,337 and Rhineland, occupation of, 245 appearance with Hitler, 204-205, special powers of, 1942, 276 209, 211, 214 and SS, 274 to Nazi presence in Hitler-Youth, 32, 34, 36,204,206. cabinet, 17, 198 See also Germany, youth death of, 20, 339 movement of dismisses Bruning, 153 Roesch, Leopold von, 145 elected president of Weimar Re- Hoffman, Adolf, 81 public, 11-12 · Hofmannsthal, Hugo, 181 repudiates war guilt, 148 Holland in World War I, 6 and Hitler's plans for European Hindenberg League. See German domination, 254-255, 264, Peoples party 265,270 Hinkel, Hans, 240-241 Nazi invasion of, 340 Hitler, Adolf, 16, 18, 156, 178, 183, Hoover Moratorium on Repara• 187,192,194,204-216,217, tions, 16, 338 354 INDEX

Rossbach Memorandum, 250-256 Kahr, Doctor Gustav von, 142 Hugenberg, Alfred, 187, 213 Kaiser, Georg, 13 and collaboration with Nazis, 179 Kaiserwald, concentration camp at, and election of 1932, 173 292-296 on Harzburg Front with Hitler, Kampf, Hermann, 61 338 Kapp putsch of 1920, 9, 120, 337 Hungary, 254 Kardoff, Siegfried von, 94 Karelia, 283 Independent Socialists, 7, 81, 84,94- Kastner, Erich, works burned by 95 Nazis, 220 in elections of 1919, 94 Kautsky, Karl, works burned by lndustrieklub, Hitler's address to, Nazis, 220 165-167, 338 Kautz, Heinrich, 67 Inflation. See Germany, economy of Keller, Helen, works burned by International Commission on Rep• Nazis, 243 arations, 110-111 Kerr, Alfred, works burned by International Socialist Bureau, 58 Nazis, 221 . See Sozialdemokratische Kiderlen-Wachter, Alfred von, on Partie Deutschlands German policy in the Italy, 146, 267, 269, 270 Balkans, 1912, 49-51, 52, 53 and Czechoslovakia, partition of, Kiel, 119 22,255 naval rebellion in 1918, 77 Germany's ally in World War I, Kleist-Schmenzin, Ewald von, on 50 the menace of National invasion by Allies of, 300, 341 Socialism, 191-197 invasion of Ethiopia by, 339 Koenigsberg, 111 Italo-German "Pact of Steel," 340 Kordt, Erich, on the SS, 273-276 Rome-Berlin axis, 263 Kramer, Walter, experience of Jews and World War II, 340 under Nazis and in con• centration camps, 284-299 Japan, 53, 156, 255, 267 Kreisau circle, 304 Kurland, 120 anti-comintern pact with Ger• Kutisker, Ivan, 135 many, 30, 340 bombing of Hiroshima, 300 Labor Service, 21,226,230-235 at Versailles conference, 103 Landsberg, Otto, 81, 82, 85 Jaures,Jean, 58,59 Lansing, Robert, 103, 107 Jews, 2, 172, 175,305, 333 , 283 anti-Jewish boycott, 339 Law, Bonar, 103, 104 attitudes toward Jews after World League of Nations, 108, 111, 113, War I, 8, 17, 121, 131-132, 148 136 German entry into, 11, 144-145, genocide of, 275-276, 284-299, 146, 337 300 German from, 20, under Nazis, 21, 199,213-214 245, 339 Nuremburg laws, 21, 339 Lebdebour,Georg,59-60 Joos, Joseph, on the causes of Ger• Lehndorff, Hans von, journal of the man defeat in World War I, westward retreat of German 63-70 civilians, 1944-45, 311-326 Junkers, 43, 46 Leningrad, siege of, 340 J iinger, Ernst, 180 Lettow Vorbeck, Paul von, 163 INDEX 355

Lichnowsky, Prince Karl Max von, Hitler putsch in, 10, 337 on German relations with revolution in 1918, 85 Great Britain, 1912, 51-53, 54 Munich Pact, 340. See also Munich, Liebknecht, Karl, and the Spartacist conference over Czechoslo• Revolution, 73, 78, 87-88 vakia Literarisches Echo, 331 Mussolini, Benito , 283, 312 and Czechoslovakia, partition of, Lloyd-George, David, 103, 104 255 Locarno, Treaty of, 11, 137-144, fall of, 300, 341 146, 148, 337 Hitler, meeting with, 339 German violation of, 20, 245 Hitler's evaluation of, 268-269 importance of, 143-144 invasion of Ethiopia by, 20, 339 role of Streseman in creation of, and Rome-Berlin axis, 263 139 London, Jack, works burned by Nazis, 243 National Liberal party, 82, 83 Ludendorff, Erich von, 136 in elections of 1919, 94 disagreement with Hitler, 173 National Socialists. See Nazi party in election of 1925, 122 Naumann, Friedrich, 99, 171 Munich putsch with Hitler, 337 Nazi party, 15, 16, 152, 168-171, 174, Munich trial of, 141-142 175,176, 17~ 178,245,33~ in World War I, 6, 336 338, 339 Ludwig, Emil, works burned by anti-communism of, 17-18, 165 Nazis, 220, 243 anti-Nazi conspiracy of 1944, 303- , 265-266 311 Liittwitz, General Walther von, 89 anti-Semitism of, 17, 136-137, 172, Luxemburg, Rosa, 73 203,221-225,285-299 appeal to Germans, 17-19, 118- Maginot Line, 267,270 128 Male, Hans, 303 and Christianity, 194-195, 282 Mann, Heinrich, 13 collapse of power, 300-326 works burned by Nazis, 220, 243 Mann, Thomas, 13 Communist party, alleged co- works burned by Nazis, 243 operation with, 158, 160-164 Marx, Karl, 30, 119 conservative opposition to, 191- vulgarization of the ideas of, 93 197 works burned by Nazis, 220, 243 and the "Conservative Revolu• May Day, taken over by Nazis, 214- tion," 179, 182-191 216, 339 consolidation of power by, 19-20, , 123, 242, 272 21, 203, 226-244 Mellon, Andrew, 157 in elections of 1925, 17 3 Memel, 9, 111, 312 in elections of 1930,115,165,335 Michaelis, Paul L., on the reign of in elections of 1932, 17, 338 William II, 45-49 enters Hindenberg's cabinet, 17 Mohler, Armin, on the "Conserva- the press under the regime of, 257 tive Revolution," 180-183 seizure of power by, 198-219 Moltke, Helmuth von, 304 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Muller, Hermann, 59, 62, 116 22,270, 340 Munich Neumann, Heinz, 161 conference over Czechoslovakia, Neurath, Konstantin von, 251 22,256-257, 271 New York Times, 198,301-303 356 IND£X

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 30, and Versailles Treaty, 109 180-181 in Weimar Constitution, 9 Normandy, Allies landing at, 341 after World War I, 7 Norway, Nazi invasion of, 340 Priitzmann, Hans, 277 Noske, Gustav, 95, 116 and Spartacist Revolution, 84, 88- Quigley, Hugh, on Weimar govern• 89 ment, 147-151 Nuremberg laws of 1935, 21, 339 Nuremberg trials, 245 Rapallo Treaty, 144, 337 Nuschke, Otto, 81 Rathenau, Walter, 122, 222 assassination of, 10 Olympic games of 1936, 245, 339 Rauscher, Ulrich, 78 Ossietzsky, Carl von, works burned Rauschning, Hermann, on the by Nazis, 221 "Conservative Revolution," Osterode, 321-323 183-191 Papen, Fritz von, 19, 180, 338 Reformation, the, 1, 329 made ambassador by Hitler, 180 Reichsbank, and post-World War I dismisses government of Prussia, inflation, 130, 133-134 16 Reichbanner Black-Red-Gold, 158- and Reichstag fire, 198 159 becomes vice-Chancellor, 17 youth division, 34. See also Ger• Pareto, Vilfredo, 177, 188 many, youth movement of Paris Peace Conference. See V er• Reichstag, 96, 97, 152, 171, 172, 174 sailles Conference elections of 1930, 15 Pechel, Rudolf, on Germany after elections of 1932, 198, 338 World War II, 331-335 elections of 1933, 339 Pieck, Wilhelm, 301, 302 fire in, 19, 198, 203, 207, 338 Poland, 143 Heuss, speech given in, 174-178 blitzkrieg against, 221, 340 under Hitler, 19, 212, 276, 340 and Hitler's plans for European in Weimar Constitution, 9, 100- domination, 254-255, 263, 264, 101 266,268,269,270,271 Non-Aggression Pact with Ger- Weimar Constitution suspended many, 1934,20,22,263,340 by, 19,339 after World War I, 7, 109, 111 Otto Wels, speech given in, 216- Polish corridor, 7, 263, 269 219 Pomerania, 120, 121, 154 under William II, 4. See also Potsdam, Garrison Church cere- Weimar constitution monies in 1933,203,211-212, , 211 339 after World War I, 12 Pravda, 302 Reinhardt, Max, 13 Preuss, Doctor Hugo, 97-98 Remarque, Erich Maria, works Protocols of Zion, 222 burned by Nazis, 221,242 Proust, Marcel, works burned by Reparations, 9, 14, 15, 20, 338. See Nazis, 243 also Versailles, Treaty of; Prussia, 1, 9, 254, 283 Hoover Moratorium on Rep• conservative traditions of, 3, 4 arations; Young Plan coup against Socialist government Revolution of 1918, 72-86, 90-91, of, 16, 338 127. See also Spartacist Rev• suffrage in, 4, 47-48, 69 olution of 1919 INDEX 357

Rhineland, 11, 144,219, 245,270 Seeckt, Hans von, 12 French evacuation of, 15, 337 Seldte, Franz, 338 German re-occupation of, 20, 339 Serbia, 5 separatist movement in, 10, 137 Severing, Carl, 73, 95 and Versailles Treaty, 109 Seysz-Inquardt, Arthur, 274 Ribbentrop, General Joachim von, Silesia, 9, 109, 254, 283 271 Simons, Doctor Walter, letters Roberts, Stephen H. about Versailles Conference, on Labor Service, 230-235 102-105 on Nazi culture, 239-244 Sinclair, Upton, works burned by on Nazi education, 227-229 Nazis, 243 on "Strength through Joy," 235- Social Democrats. See Sozialdemo• 239 kratiscbe Partei Deutschlands Rome-Berlin axis, 263, 340 Sorel, Georges, 177 Rommel, General Erwin, 22, 300, Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet 304, 340 Socialist Republics Rosenberg, Alfred, 242, 274 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutsch• Ruhr, 264 lands, 56,92-93, 176, 177, 178, French occupation of in 1923, 9- 192 10, 133, 137, 337 and Communist party, 161-164 Rumania, 53, 263 corruption in, 135, 136 Russia in elections of 1919, 94-95 and Germany before World War in elections of 1930, 15 I, 4, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54-55 in elections of 1932, 173 in World War I, 6, 106. See also in elections of 192 5, 12 Union of Soviet Socialist Re• in German government after publics World War I, 73, 77, 78 Rust, Bernard, 228-229 ideology of, 74 "Iron Front against Fascism," S. A., The. See Stormtroopers 158-159 Saar, 107, 112 under Nazism, 199,207-208,216- Saxony, Communist rising in, 1923, 219 10, 337 Revolution of 1918,73 Schacht, Hjalmar, 82, 134, 180 and in Harzburg Front with Hitler, Spartacist Revolution, suppression 338 of, 7 Scheidemann, Philip, 40 and William II, 4, 40, 42-44, 46, proclaims German republic, 3 36 47 and the Spartacist Revolution, 81, and World War I, opening of, 6, 82,88 57-63 World War I, beginning of, 56- , 269 63 Spanish Civil War, 20 Schelsky, Helmut, on German Spartacist Revolution of 1919, 7, 72, youth movement, 28-39 86-91, 336. See also Sparta• Schirach, Baldur von, 36, 242 cists Schleicher, Kurt von, 16, 17, 198, Spartacists, 84. See also Spartacist 338 Revolution of 1919 Schlieffen plan, 5 Speer, Albert, 246 Schmitt, Robert, 116 Spranger, Edward, 29 Schnitzler, Arthur, works burned ss, 211 by Nazis, 243 combat units, 23, 273-274, 346 358 INDEX

SS (cont'd) Thaelmann, Ernst, 161, 173, 235 and genocide of Jews, 275-276, Thirty Years War, 328 286,287,289,290-291,294, Thuringia, 337 296, 300, 3 39 Thyssen, Fritz, 165, 180 in German occupied territory Treaty of Berlin. See Berlin, Treaty during World War II, 22, of 274,277-284 Treaty of Locarno. See Locarno, Germany, control over, 23, 273- Treaty of 276 Treaty of Versailles. See Versailles, Himmler in charge of, 272 Treaty of Stahlbelm, 125-126, 128, 173, 191, Treitschke, Heinrich von, 56 210,338 Treviranus, Gottfried, 187 Nazi attacks upon, 224-225 Triple Alliance, 55 takes part in Potsdam Garrison Triple Entente, 40, 55 Church ceremonies, 211 Tucholsky, Kurt, works burned by Stalin, Joseph, 271, 302 Nazis, 221 Stalingrad, German defeat at, 341 ,49-51, 53 Stauffenberg, Claus von, 304 Stimson, Henry Lewis, 157 Ulbricht, Walter, 301, 302 Stinnes, Hugo, 134 Union of Soviet Socialist Republic§, Stormtroopers, 177, 178, 192,209, 152, 339 212,221 Berlin Treaty with Germany, in Potsdam Garrison Church 1926, 11, 145-146, 337 ceremonies, 211 Bolshevik Revolution, 336 purge of, 272, 339 and Hitler's plans for European and Reichstag fire, 207-208. See domination, 246-247, 254-255 also "Blood purge" invasion by Germany of, 22, 340 Strasser, Gregor, 174, 176, 178 under Nazis, 274, 277-279 Streicher, Julius, 221 Non-Aggression Pact with Ger- "Strength through Joy," 21, 226, many,22,271, 340 235-239 and post-World War II Ger- Stresemann, Gustav, 12, 94, 117, many, 302 138-139, 141, 147, 148 Stalin's purges, 301 and Berlin Treaty, 146 after World War I, 8 and Dawes Plan, revision of, 139 in World War II, 24, 298-301, death of, 139-140 313-323 and Hitler-Ludendorff trial, 141- United States of America, 13, 107, 142 156 and the Locarno Pact, 11, 139, 337 stock market crash in 1929, 14 personal character of, 140-141 at Versailles Conference, 102-104 and Rhineland, allied evacuation in World War I, 6, 336 of, 15 in World War II, 300, 302, 340 during World War I, 83, 138 after World War I, 83-84, 138- V altin, Jan, on the German Com• 139 munist party, 158-164 Der Sturmer, 221-225, 285 Vatican, Nazi Concordat with, 19, Siidekum, Doctor Albert, 60 339 Switzerland, 270 Versailles, Treaty of, 71, 174-175, 245, 311, 337 Thalmann, Ernst. See Thaelmann, German acceptance of, 114 Ernst German renunciation of, 339 INDEX 359

Versailles, Treaty of (cont'd) William II, king of Prussia and em• German violation of, 20 peror of Germany, 1, 3, 4, 5, effect upon Germany of, 8, 115- 6, 7, 51n, 52n, 53n, 336 116, 142 abdication of, 78 and the Nazis, 17. See also Ver• flight of, 75-78 sailles Conference German foreign policy, memo• Versailles Conference, 102-116 randum on, 53-54 Volkische Beobachter, 122, 178, 208, liberal-bourgeois commentary on 241 reign, 45-49 Volksdeutsche. See Germans, living Silver Jubilee message, 40-42 outside Germany Socialist answer to Silver Jubilee V olkszeitung, 81 message, 42-44 V ortwarts, 42-44, 58, 60 Wilson, Woodrow, 6, 103, 104, 107 Vossische Zeitung, 220 Fourteen Points, 8 Windthost League. See Center W affen-SS. See SS, combat units party Wahnschaffe, 75-77 Wolf, Friedrich, 303 W andervogel, 12 1, 12 2 Wolff, Theodor Warsaw, 7 on the Revolution of 1918 and the Weber, Professor Alfred, 83 Spartacist Revolution, 72-91 Weber,h1ax, 100 works burned by Nazis, 220 , 247,271,307 World War I, 336 Weimar Constituent Assembly, 7, and German working class, 6 336 and German youth movement, 31 Weimar Constitution, 8-9, 70, 337 effect upon Germany, 5-7, 63-70 making of, 91-102 Germany's contribution to the proportional representation in, outbreak of, 5, 105-106 98-100 ·world War II, 22-24 suspension of, 19, 339 American role in, 300, 302 Weimar Republic, 63, 182-183 beginning of, 22, 340 300, 302 consolidation of, 117-151 British role in, France's liberation, 300 cultural achievements under, 13 Nazi preparation for, 246-250 of, 16-17 death Nazi surrender, 301 democracy, efforts to develop, 11 Soviet role in, 298-301, 313-323 and the Great Depression, 14-16, 152-157 Young Plan, 15, 139, 165 and inflation, 132-133 German referendum on, 338 instability in early years, 9-10 Young Stahlhelm, 34. See also Ger• military and conservative atti- many, youth movement of; tudes towards, 8 Stahlhelm political conditions in, 148-151, Youth movement. See Germany, 158-164 youth movement of waning of, 171-178 Yugoslavia, 143 Weinert, Erich, 302 Wells, H. G., works burned by Zabern affair, 336 Nazis, 243 Zentrum, 94, 213 W els, Otto, 60, 212-213 Zeppelin, 3, 13, 337 speech in Reichstag against En• Zola, Emile, works burned by Nazis, abling Act, 216-219 243 White Russia, 283 Zuckmayer, Carl, 273 DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION Edited by Eugene C. Black and Leonard W. Levy

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF THE WEST

Morton Smith: ANCIENT GREECE* A. H. M. Jones: A HISTORY OF ROME THROUGH THE FIFTH CENTURY Vol. I: The Republic Vol. II: The Empire Deno Geanakoplos: BYZANTINE EMPIRE * Marshall W. Baldwin: CHRISTIANITY THROUGH THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY Bernard Lewis: ISLAM TO 1453 * David Herlihy: HISTORY OF FEUDALISM William M. Bowsky: RISE OF COMMERCE AND TOWNS* David Herlihy: MEDIEVAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY

EARLY MODERN HISTORY

Hanna H. Gray: CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE RENAISSANCE* Florence Edler de Roover: MONEY, BANKING, AND COMMERCE, THIRTEENTH THROUGH SIXTEENTH CENTURIES * V. J. Parry: THE * Ralph E. Giesey: EVOLUTION OF THE DYNASTIC STATE * J. H. Parry: THE EUROPEAN RECONNAISSANCE: Selected Documents Hans J. Hillerbrand: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION John C. Olin: THE CATHOLIC COUNTER REFORMATION* Orest Ranum: THE CENTURY OF LOUIS XIV * Thomas Hegarty: RUSSIAN HISTORY THROUGH PETER THE GREAT -If Marie Boas Hall: NATURE AND NATURE's LAWS Barry E. Supple: HISTORY OF MERCANTILISM* Geoffrey Symcox: , WAR, AND DIPLOMACY, 1550-1763* Herbert H. Rowen: THE LOW COUNTRIES * C. A. Macartney: THE HABSBURG AND HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES

Lester G. Crocker: THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Robert and EJborg Forster: EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPE, 1789-1848

Paul H. Beik: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION David l. Dowd: NAPOLEONIC ERA, 1799-1815 * Rene Albrecht-Carrie: THE CONCERT OF EUROPE John B. Halsted: ROMANTICISM R. Max Hartwell: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION * Mack Walker: METTERNICH'S EUROPE Douglas Johnson: THE ASCENDANT BOURGEOISIE* John A. Hawgood: THE *

NATIONALISM, , AND SOCIALISM, 1850-1914

Eugene C. Black: VICTORIAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY Eugene C. Black: BRITISH POLITICS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Denis Mack Smith: THE MAKING OF ITALY, 1796-1870 David Thomson: FRANCE: Empire and Republic, 1850-1940 Theodore S. Hamerow: BISMARCK'S MITTELEUROPA * Eugene 0. Golob: THE AGE OF LAISSEZ FAIRE * Roland N. Stromberg: REALISM, NATURALISM, AND SYMBOLISM: Modes of Thought and Expression irt Europe, 1848-1914 Melvin Kranz berg: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY * Jesse D. Clarkson: TSARIST RUSSIA: Catherine the Great to Nicholas II * Philip D. Curtin: IMPERIALISM* Massimo Salvadori: MODERN SOCIALISM

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Jere C. King: THE FIRST WORLD WAR* S. Clough, T. and C. Moodie: ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EUROPE: Twentieth Century W. Warren Wagar: SCIENCE, FAITH, AND MAN: European Thought Since 1914 Paul A. Gagnon: INTERNATIONALISM AND DIPLOMACY BETWEEN THE WARS, 1919-1939 * Henry Cord Meyer: WEIMAR AND NAZI GERMANY* Michal Vyvyan: RUSSIA FROM LENIN TO KHRUSHCHEV * Charles f. Delzell: MEDITERRANEAN FASCISM, 1919-1945 Donald C. Watt: THE SECOND WORLD WAR* * In preparation