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The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: to Stop the Defamation of the Jewish People and to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All
A report from the Center on Extremism 09 18 New Hate and Old: The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: To stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment for all. ABOUT T H E CENTER ON EXTREMISM The ADL Center on Extremism (COE) is one of the world’s foremost authorities ADL (Anti-Defamation on extremism, terrorism, anti-Semitism and all forms of hate. For decades, League) fights anti-Semitism COE’s staff of seasoned investigators, analysts and researchers have tracked and promotes justice for all. extremist activity and hate in the U.S. and abroad – online and on the ground. The staff, which represent a combined total of substantially more than 100 Join ADL to give a voice to years of experience in this arena, routinely assist law enforcement with those without one and to extremist-related investigations, provide tech companies with critical data protect our civil rights. and expertise, and respond to wide-ranging media requests. Learn more: adl.org As ADL’s research and investigative arm, COE is a clearinghouse of real-time information about extremism and hate of all types. COE staff regularly serve as expert witnesses, provide congressional testimony and speak to national and international conference audiences about the threats posed by extremism and anti-Semitism. You can find the full complement of COE’s research and publications at ADL.org. Cover: White supremacists exchange insults with counter-protesters as they attempt to guard the entrance to Emancipation Park during the ‘Unite the Right’ rally August 12, 2017 in Charlottesville, Virginia. -
The Alt-Right on Campus: What Students Need to Know
THE ALT-RIGHT ON CAMPUS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW About the Southern Poverty Law Center The Southern Poverty Law Center is dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry and to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of our society. Using litigation, education, and other forms of advocacy, the SPLC works toward the day when the ideals of equal justice and equal oportunity will become a reality. • • • For more information about the southern poverty law center or to obtain additional copies of this guidebook, contact [email protected] or visit www.splconcampus.org @splcenter facebook/SPLCenter facebook/SPLConcampus © 2017 Southern Poverty Law Center THE ALT-RIGHT ON CAMPUS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW RICHARD SPENCER IS A LEADING ALT-RIGHT SPEAKER. The Alt-Right and Extremism on Campus ocratic ideals. They claim that “white identity” is under attack by multicultural forces using “politi- An old and familiar poison is being spread on col- cal correctness” and “social justice” to undermine lege campuses these days: the idea that America white people and “their” civilization. Character- should be a country for white people. ized by heavy use of social media and memes, they Under the banner of the Alternative Right – or eschew establishment conservatism and promote “alt-right” – extremist speakers are touring colleges the goal of a white ethnostate, or homeland. and universities across the country to recruit stu- As student activists, you can counter this movement. dents to their brand of bigotry, often igniting pro- In this brochure, the Southern Poverty Law Cen- tests and making national headlines. Their appear- ances have inspired a fierce debate over free speech ter examines the alt-right, profiles its key figures and the direction of the country. -
Warmsley Cornellgrad 0058F 1
ON THE DETECTION OF HATE SPEECH, HATE SPEAKERS AND POLARIZED GROUPS IN ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dana Warmsley December 2017 c 2017 Dana Warmsley ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ON THE DETECTION OF HATE SPEECH, HATE SPEAKERS AND POLARIZED GROUPS IN ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA Dana Warmsley, Ph.D. Cornell University 2017 The objective of this dissertation is to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in understanding and detecting hate speech, hate speakers and po- larized groups in online social media. Beginning with a unique typology for detecting abusive language, we outline the distinctions and similarities of dif- ferent abusive language subtasks (offensive language, hate speech, cyberbully- ing and trolling) and how we might benefit from the progress made in each area. Specifically, we suggest that each subtask can be categorized based on whether or not the abusive language being studied 1) is directed at a specific individ- ual, or targets a generalized “Other” and 2) the extent to which the language is explicit versus implicit. We then use knowledge gained from this typology to tackle the “problem of offensive language” in hate speech detection. A key challenge for automated hate speech detection on social media is the separation of hate speech from other instances of offensive language. We present a Logistic Regression classifier, trained on human annotated Twitter data, that makes use of a uniquely derived lexicon of hate terms along with features that have proven successful in the detection of offensive language, hate speech and cyberbully- ing. -
Charlottesville: One Year Later
Charlottesville: One Year Later Sections 1 Introduction 4 Unite the Right 2 2 The Charlottesville Backlash 5 White Supremacy Continues to Surge 3 Disunity and Division INTRODUCTION On August 11, 2017, the world watched in horror as hundreds of torch-wielding white supremacists descended on the University of Virginia campus, chanting, “Jews will not replace us!” The next day, the streets of Charlottesville exploded in violence, ringing with the racist shouts of th thththththeeee n nnneo-Nazis,eo-Nazis,eo-Nazis,eo-Nazis, Klan KlanKlanKlan m mmmembersembersembersembers an ananandddd alt altaltalt rightrightrightright agitat agitatagitatagitatorsorsorsors wh whwhwhoooo gath gathgathgathererereredededed in ininin an ananan unpr unprunprunprecedentedecedentedecedentedecedented sh shshshowowowow of ofofof unity unityunityunity. Their stated 1 / 9 common cause: To protest the removal of a Confederate statue from a local park. Their true purpose: To show to the world the strength and defiance of the white supremacist movement. The promise of Unite the Right, organized primarily by alt right activist Jason Kessler, brought white supremacists of all stripesstripesstripesstripes t tttogethogethogethogetherererer for forforfor a aaa week weekweekweekenenenendddd of ofofof prprprprotestotestotestotest that thatthatthat quickly quicklyquicklyquickly turn turnturnturnedededed t tttoooo vio viovioviolenlenlenlence,ce,ce,ce, culminating in the brutal murder of anti- racist counter-protester Heather Heyer. The white supremacist mayhem prevented the Saturday rally itself from actually occurring, as local and state police converged on the chaotic scene, urging everyone off the streets and away from the parks. Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe declared a state of emergency and authorities shut down Unite the Right. Despite this, high profile white supremacists like Richard Spencer and David Duke declardeclardeclardeclaredededed Unite UniteUniteUnite th thththeeee Right RightRightRight an ananan o ooovvvverallerallerallerall vict victvictvictororororyyyy..... -
FUNDING HATE How White Supremacists Raise Their Money
How White Supremacists FUNDING HATE Raise Their Money 1 RESPONDING TO HATE FUNDING HATE INTRODUCTION 1 SELF-FUNDING 2 ORGANIZATIONAL FUNDING 3 CRIMINAL ACTIVITY 9 THE NEW KID ON THE BLOCK: CROWDFUNDING 10 BITCOIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES 11 THE FUTURE OF WHITE SUPREMACIST FUNDING 14 2 RESPONDING TO HATE How White Supremacists FUNDING HATE Raise Their Money It’s one of the most frequent questions the Anti-Defamation League gets asked: WHERE DO WHITE SUPREMACISTS GET THEIR MONEY? Implicit in this question is the assumption that white supremacists raise a substantial amount of money, an assumption fueled by rumors and speculation about white supremacist groups being funded by sources such as the Russian government, conservative foundations, or secretive wealthy backers. The reality is less sensational but still important. As American political and social movements go, the white supremacist movement is particularly poorly funded. Small in numbers and containing many adherents of little means, the white supremacist movement has a weak base for raising money compared to many other causes. Moreover, ostracized because of its extreme and hateful ideology, not to mention its connections to violence, the white supremacist movement does not have easy access to many common methods of raising and transmitting money. This lack of access to funds and funds transfers limits what white supremacists can do and achieve. However, the means by which the white supremacist movement does raise money are important to understand. Moreover, recent developments, particularly in crowdfunding, may have provided the white supremacist movement with more fundraising opportunities than it has seen in some time. This raises the disturbing possibility that some white supremacists may become better funded in the future than they have been in the past. -
Viii. the Catch-88 Paradox: “Optics” and Backlashes
VIII. THE CATCH-88 PARADOX: “OPTICS” AND BACKLASHES 45 The more publicity white supremacists get, the more they make themselves vulnerable to [ exposure, negative coverage, and backlashes. ] hortly after the 2016 presidential election, an want to promote their views however they wish. White excited Richard Spencer told a National Public supremacists are typically reluctant to acknowledge the SRadio correspondent that “This is the first time reality that, regardless of whether accompanied by Nazi we’ve really entered the mainstream, and we’re not going flags or by American flags, hardcore white supremacist away. I mean, this is just the beginning.” ideology is something most Americans reject. Spencer’s dream of a grandly ascendant alt right, however, The alt right experienced both of these Catch-88 dynamics “Optics” and Backlashes The Catch-88 Paradox: soon met with a rather harsher reality in the months in 2017-2018 as it moved past the presidential election, following the election as Spencer and his fellow alt right with significant negative effects on it and on the white adherents encountered a Catch-22 that has long bedeviled supremacist movement as a whole. earlier white supremacists. The paradox—it can be called Catch-88 after the popular white supremacist numeric The Alt Right-Alt Lite Split symbol standing for “Heil Hitler”—is simple: in order to The harsh glare of publicity that bathed the alt right began accomplish their goals, white supremacists have to be creating cracks in the movement as early as the weeks active and attract publicity. However, because explicit white after the election, when the first signs emerged of what has supremacy is quite unpopular in the United States, the more publicity white supremacists get, the more they make become known as the alt right-alt lite split. -
IN the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the WESTERN DISTRICT of VIRGINIA Charlottesville Division
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Charlottesville Division JASON KESSLER, ) Plaintiff, ) ) Case No. 3:17-cv-00056-GEC V. ) ) CITY OF CHARLOTTESVILLE and ) MAURICE JONES, ) Defendants. ) BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION OR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER NOW COME the Defendants, by counsel, and submit the following Brief in opposition to the Motion for a Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order filed by Plaintiff Jason Kessler. Introduction The Plaintiff in this action is seeking to compel the City of Charlottesville to allow a massive demonstration in Emancipation Park, a small urban park located in Downtown Charlottesville.1 While the original application for the demonstration submitted by the Plaintiff, who is the event organizer, stated that there would be 400 attendees, the projected number of 1 While suing the City for permission to use the Park, the Plaintiff apparently feels that injunctive relief from the Court is not necessary. After announcing on his Twitter account that this lawsuit to “reinstate” his permit had been filed, he tweeted that “We go either way”. Case 3:17-cv-00056-GEC Document 10 Filed 08/11/17 Page 1 of 19 Pageid#: 97 both demonstrators and counter-demonstrators has increased dramatically over the past month, due largely to the internet-based marketing efforts by the Plaintiff. While he has submitted supplemental requests to the City for the rally since his initial application2, he has never bothered to update or revise the outdated estimate of 400 people. The City‘s conservative estimate of the number of individuals attending the rally is no less than 1,000, with as many as 2,000 or more counter-demonstrators in attendance. -
Transnational Neo-Nazism in the Usa, United Kingdom and Australia
TRANSNATIONAL NEO-NAZISM IN THE USA, UNITED KINGDOM AND AUSTRALIA PAUL JACKSON February 2020 JACKSON | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM About the Program on About the Author Extremism Dr Paul Jackson is a historian of twentieth century and contemporary history, and his main teaching The Program on Extremism at George and research interests focus on understanding the Washington University provides impact of radical and extreme ideologies on wider analysis on issues related to violent and societies. Dr. Jackson’s research currently focuses non-violent extremism. The Program on the dynamics of neo-Nazi, and other, extreme spearheads innovative and thoughtful right ideologies, in Britain and Europe in the post- academic inquiry, producing empirical war period. He is also interested in researching the work that strengthens extremism longer history of radical ideologies and cultures in research as a distinct field of study. The Britain too, especially those linked in some way to Program aims to develop pragmatic the extreme right. policy solutions that resonate with Dr. Jackson’s teaching engages with wider themes policymakers, civic leaders, and the related to the history of fascism, genocide, general public. totalitarian politics and revolutionary ideologies. Dr. Jackson teaches modules on the Holocaust, as well as the history of Communism and fascism. Dr. Jackson regularly writes for the magazine Searchlight on issues related to contemporary extreme right politics. He is a co-editor of the Wiley- Blackwell journal Religion Compass: Modern Ideologies and Faith. Dr. Jackson is also the Editor of the Bloomsbury book series A Modern History of Politics and Violence. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Program on Extremism or the George Washington University. -
Article: Why Dylann Roof Is a Terrorist Under Federal Law, and Why It Matters
ARTICLE: WHY DYLANN ROOF IS A TERRORIST UNDER FEDERAL LAW, AND WHY IT MATTERS Winter, 2017 Reporter 54 Harv. J. on Legis. 259 * Length: 19820 words Author: Jesse J. Norris 1 * Highlight After white supremacist Dylann Roof killed nine African-Americans at a Charleston, South Carolina church, authorities declined to refer to the attack as terrorism. Many objected to the government's apparent double standard in its treatment of Muslim versus non-Muslim extremists and called on the government to treat the massacre as terrorism. Yet the government has neither charged Roof with a terrorist offense nor labeled the attack as terrorism. This Article argues that although the government was unable to charge Roof with terrorist crimes because of the lack of applicable statutes, the Charleston massacre still qualifies as terrorism under federal law. Roof's attack clearly falls under the government's prevailing definition of domestic terrorism. It also qualifies for a terrorism sentencing enhancement, or at least an upward departure from the sentencing guidelines, as well as for the terrorism aggravating factor considered by juries in deciding whether to impose the death penalty. Labeling Roof's attack as terrorism could have several important implications, not only in terms of sentencing, but also in terms of government accountability, the prudent allocation of counterterrorism resources, balanced media coverage, and public cooperation in preventing terrorism. For these reasons, this Article contends that the government should treat the Charleston massacre, and similar ideologically motivated killings, as terrorism. This Article also makes two policy suggestions meant to facilitate a more consistent use of the term terrorism. -
The Fringe Insurgency Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right
The Fringe Insurgency Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right Jacob Davey Julia Ebner About this paper About the authors This report maps the ecosystem of the burgeoning Jacob Davey is a Researcher and Project Coordinator at ‘new’ extreme right across Europe and the US, which is the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), overseeing the characterised by its international outlook, technological development and delivery of a range of online counter- sophistication, and overtures to groups outside of the extremism initiatives. His research interests include the traditional recruitment pool for the extreme-right. This role of communications technologies in intercommunal movement is marked by its opportunistic pragmatism, conflict, the use of internet culture in information seeing movements which hold seemingly contradictory operations, and the extreme-right globally. He has ideologies share a bed for the sake of achieving provided commentary on the extreme right in a range common goals. It examines points of connectivity of media sources including The Guardian, The New York and collaboration between disparate groups and Times and the BBC. assesses the interplay between different extreme-right movements, key influencers and subcultures both Julia Ebner is a Research Fellow at the Institute for online and offline. Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and author of The Rage: The Vicious Circle of Islamist and Far-Right Extremism. Her research focuses on extreme right-wing mobilisation strategies, cumulative extremism and European terrorism prevention initiatives. She advises policy makers and tech industry leaders, regularly writes for The Guardian and The Independent and provides commentary on broadcast media, including the BBC and CNN. © ISD, 2017 London Washington DC Beirut Toronto This material is offered free of charge for personal and non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowledged. -
Which Way to the Wheat Field? Women of the Radical Right on Facebook
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019 Which way to the wheat field? Women of the radical right on Facebook Megan Squire Elon University [email protected] Abstract Defamation League (ADL) used video evidence to conclude that "alt-right is overwhelmingly white and At what rates and in what capacity do women male" as only 7% of the Unite the Right attendees they participate in extreme far-right ("radical right") could identify appeared to be women [2]. Before political online communities? Gathering precise Charlottesville, a 2016 psychological study by Forcher demographic details about members of extremist groups and Kteiley [3] of self-identified alt-right adherents in the United States is difficult because of a lack of data. yielded a sample that was 34% female. Even earlier, a The purpose of this research is to collect and analyze 2010 Quinnipiac University poll of the Tea Party data to help explain radical right participation by movement (some of which subsequently morphed into gender on social media. We used the public Facebook the anti-government "patriot" militia movement of Graph API to create a large dataset of 700,204 today [4]), showed that women make up 55% of self- members of 1,870 Facebook groups spanning 10 identified Tea Party members [5]. Clearly, more reliable different far-right ideologies during the time period estimates of gender breakdown are needed. June 2017 - March 2018, then applied two different Kathleen Blee, who writes extensively about women gender resolution software packages to infer the gender in clandestine white power groups in the United States, of all users by name. -
1 As Leaders of the Civil Rights Organizations Listed Below, We Write
October 30, 2018 Attorney General Sessions U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20530-0001 Dear Attorney General Sessions: As leaders of the civil rights organizations listed below, we write in response to the recent horrific hate crimes that occurred last week. Just this past Saturday, the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh was the victim of a shooting during Sabbath services which left 11 worshippers dead. This anti-Semitic attack followed a week in which frequent, prominent leaders who were critics of President Trump were victims of multiple attempted bombing attacks by an alleged supporter of the President. Just a few days ago, an armed gunman tried to enter an African- American church in Kentucky, just before killing two separate Black grandparents in a Kroger parking lot. Earlier this month, members of the “Proud Boys” led a violent assault on protesters in New York City while shouting bigoted slurs. These incidents are the latest in the wave of hate crimes that have increased exponentially over the last two years across the United States. Indeed, in its annual Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents, the Anti-Defamation League reports a 60 percent surge in hate crimes since 2017.1 The Southern Poverty Law Center found that the number of hate groups in the United States in 2017 rose to 953 from 912 in 2016.2 We raised the issue of hate crimes with you directly during an in- person meeting in March 2017 at your offices. These incidents are all too familiar to the African-American community which has been the target of hate-related crimes throughout United States history.