One Anz Foundation Spatial Data Framework

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ONE ANZ FOUNDATION SPATIAL DATA FRAMEWORK

MAKING COMMON FOUNDATION SPATIAL DATA UBIQUITOUS ACROSS AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

NOVEMBER 2012

ONE ANZ FOUNDATION SPATIAL DATA FRAMEWORK

MAKING COMMON FOUNDATION SPATIAL DATA UBIQUITOUS ACROSS AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

NOVEMBER 2012

The purpose of this document is to describe a national approach to managing government spatial information. The intended audience is the spatial information user community including government, industry, research and academic sectors as well as the interested public.

This document is presented by ANZLIC—the Spatial Information Council, representing the Australian and New Zealand Governments, and the governments of the States and Territories of Australia.

One ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework

Context ANZLIC—the Spatial Information Council (ANZLIC) is the peak national spatial governance body in Australia; comprising, as equal partners, senior officials from Australian state, territory, Commonwealth and New Zealand governments. The ANZLIC Strategic Plan 2005–20101 recognised the need for a consolidated effort to develop an agreed foundation spatial data framework that would provide easy access to authoritative government spatial data over the geographic extent of Australia2.

ANZLIC’s vision for the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) Foundation Spatial Data Framework (the Framework) is that foundation spatial data will become ubiquitous in all sectors of both the Australian and New Zealand economies. When realised, the use of a common Framework, which is embedded into the everyday business of government and private sector entities alike, will allow for seamless exchange of information and knowledge across organisational, sectoral and jurisdictional boundaries.

Research has shown that this greater level of interoperability across economies will in turn result in national productivity gains3 and greater levels of innovation and competitiveness across all areas of government and industry. Additionally, the improvements for government include more consistent policy development and decision making, better targeted citizen centric services4 and numerous other untapped economic, social and environmental benefits. This initiative aligns with other international, parallel strategies underway in the United States, Canada, and Europe5.

New Zealand has actively participated in and supports the initiatives arising from the ANZLIC Strategic Plan, including the ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework. Representing a separate nation with its own issues and opportunities, New Zealand has been able to contribute to the Framework in unique ways, providing an external perspective complementing those of the Australian member jurisdictions. New Zealand will collaborate and contribute to outcomes that benefit the region as a whole; however, there are instances where New Zealand will assume a position that is national in nature. For example, New Zealand may develop its own complementary versions of foundation data themes and dataset documentation. Beyond these specific outputs, New Zealand remains committed to the long term goals of ANZLIC, which will witness a convergence of jurisdictional spatial information policies to create a consistent regional approach.

1 ANZLIC Strategic Plan 2005-2010 – Milestone 5. National Framework Data Themes. 2 Lawrence, V 2011, Investigation into the Spatial Capability of Australia v2.7, Ordnance Survey UK. 3 Australian Government, OSP 2011, Linking Information to Location, APS 200 Location Project Report, APS200 Location Project; Acil Tasman, SKM, and Ecological Associates, 2009, Spatial information in the New Zealand economy, Realising productivity gains; Acil Tasman 2008, The impact of modern spatial information technologies on the Australian economy’. 4 Australian Government, Dept of Finance and Deregulation 2011, Draft Strategic Vision for the Australian Government’s use of Information and Communication Technology (AGIMO). 5 FGDC, 2012 NSDI Framework, US; INSPIRE, 2012 European Union.

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Why Build an ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework? ANZLIC has recognised that spatial information users, and locally-maintained information systems and applications across almost every discipline have a recurring need for a defined and limited number of spatial datasets—or foundation data.

Foundation spatial data can be described as the basic spatial layers required by most users which are generally not derived from other spatial layers. Currently the specific data to meet the needs of these recurring requirements exist primarily in the various government organisations in each jurisdiction. But from a national perspective these datasets are not consistently documented, universally available or delivered as a consistent and coherent national resource and asset.

Currently, only a minimal number of government-owned foundation spatial datasets can be assembled and delivered as a seamless national dataset which can be used with reliability and ease by every user. There is widespread duplication of effort in the generation and sustainment of spatial information, as well as undefined linkages across datasets.

Users report that they can spend 80% of their time looking for, collating and managing spatial information, which then only allows 20% of their time for analysing and generating the benefits from the data. A large proportion of data currently collected cannot be reused, as it is generally not widely known that it exists, it is difficult to find, the conditions of access are either expensive or subject to highly restrictive licensing conditions, or it does not comply to an agreed standard.

Specific Benefits of the Framework The ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework would include benefits such as: · Reduction in costs associated with data duplication, storage and access, enabling increased efficiency and return on investment based on the “collect once, use many times” principle.

· Fast and easy access to basic data that can be easily understood and used by a variety of users to which other spatially referenced data can be added, giving context to other spatial data.

· Reduced complexity through the provision of ‘data that you can trust’.

· Increased interoperability through the widespread use of national datasets for cross- organisational analysis, operations and decision-making.

· Improved decision-making by state, territory and federal agencies working from the same authoritative data.

· Greater levels of innovation and competition resulting in better products and services being available in market.

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The Framework The Framework will provide a common reference for the assembly and maintenance of Australian and New Zealand foundation level spatial data in order to serve the widest possible variety of users. It will deliver a national coverage of the best available, most current, authoritative source of foundation spatial data which is standardised and quality controlled.

The initial focus is to define an agreed set of user-validated data themes and the data specifications for each theme. The Framework will become an important part of the spatial information infrastructure and will be the preferred regional foundation spatial data source upon which any organisation or user can build upon, by integrating other thematic or application datasets and information sources.

The Framework will describe a comprehensive system of inter-related elements, including: · spatial data themes · governance structures · spatial datasets · organisations · standards · people · policy

The Framework will provide users with: · a regional authoritative single source of best available government foundation spatial data; · an authoritative base map that can be used in multiple applications by multiple users; · the ability for users to add or attach spatial details and attributes from their own data and information sources; and · a reference map for displaying the locations and the results of an analysis of other data and information.

By attaching their own thematic or application data—which can cover innumerable subjects and themes—to a common foundation spatial dataset, users can build their applications more easily and at less cost.

The First Steps As a first step there was a requirement to reach a consensus across all ten jurisdictions on the definition and characteristics of foundation spatial data and what the initial data themes within the Framework should be.

At the meeting held in August 2011, ANZLIC agreed to publish a draft list of spatial data themes, based on those already under development in New Zealand, as a basis for obtaining feedback from a key user base. The Office of Spatial Policy and Geoscience Australia led the development of the first tranche of work on behalf of, and in conjunction with, ANZLIC.

Since August 2011, consultation on the draft themes has taken place across the data producers and users throughout the Australian and jurisdictional governments. Consultation with non-government users will be central to the next stage.

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The ANZLIC Agreed Definition and Characteristics of Foundation Spatial Data

Foundation Spatial Data is the authoritative geographic information that underpins, or can add significant value to, any other information. It supports evidence-based decisions across government, industry and the community. Foundation Spatial Data must have one or more of the following characteristics: · essential for public safety and wellbeing · critical for a national or government function · contribute significantly to economic, social and environmental sustainability · enable innovation by government, industry, research and academic sectors

Agreed List of Foundation Spatial Data Themes (numbered not prioritised) Following the first round of consultation and analysis of user requirements ANZLIC has agreed that the following ten spatial data themes will form the foundation of the Framework. ANZLIC recognises that this is an initial list which may expand over time following further consultation, increased demand from the user community and as data suppliers improved their technical capacity to deliver a wider range of spatial products and services.

1. Geocoded Addressing 2. Administrative Boundaries 3. Positioning 4. Place Names 5. Land Parcel and Property 6. Imagery 7. Transport 8. Water 9. Elevation and Depth 10. Land Cover

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The ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework

Figure 1: A conceptual view of the proposed ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework as a means to assemble application-specific data (Note: User applications depicted are not comprehensive and are provided as examples only).

The Data Theme Profiles Specific profiles have been developed for each of the ten data themes. The profiles detail the description, purpose, proposed data sets, and the current status of those data sets. Profiles also cover the relevant standards, and most importantly, ANZLIC’s aspirations for the future status of each data theme.

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The Users The users of the Framework will be government, industry, research, academia and the general public. The initial objective of the Framework is to bring state, territory and federal government information management practices together in a seamless manner. The Framework provides the mechanism for the separate jurisdictions to use the nationally scoped datasets as their own authoritative data source. As a result, all users that operate in a national, state and regional capacity will be referencing the same source of foundation spatial data for policy, business, operational, research and personal decision making purposes.

ANZLIC recognises that users whose normal mode of operation is at a more local level may require a different level of data which would continue to be maintained at either the Local Government or jurisdictional level.

Development Phases ANZLIC will build the Framework through collaborative coordination of current and future jurisdictional data development activities. Development of the Framework is being undertaken in several phases, recognising the requirement for long term and ongoing efforts to generate measured results. · Phase 1 (to July 2012) Complete. Output included ANZLIC identified data themes, development of theme templates and descriptions (see annexes), and development of dataset templates. · Phase 2 (to November 2012) Complete. Phase 2 focused on Commonwealth Government user consultations, identifying the priority for data themes and datasets needed. It is expected that further themes and datasets will be identified for consideration beyond those already listed. This work will inform development priority and roadmaps for user- nominated datasets. · Phase 3 (to July 2013) will seek to consult with industry more broadly, seek to finalise the documentation for the Framework by July 2013, and identify the future goals and delivery mechanisms.

· Phase 4 and future phases (July 2013 onwards) will be the phase that focuses on the delivery and access to the foundation data and the finalisation of the Policies and Guidelines for the Framework. This Phase will be completed on a user-driven prioritised basis.

Project Risks ANZLIC is committed to continue the development of the Framework but, as with any major project of this nature, there are ongoing external influences and risks that may delay or slow the progress outlined in this paper. Some of these risks include:

· changing policy settings in one or more jurisdictions; · resource constraints – people and funding; and · requirements for greater levels of consultation than anticipated.

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Next Steps Over the course of 2013, ANZLIC will continue its work on Phases 3 and 4, including the necessary policies to support the implementation of the Framework such as:

· policy, standards and guidance which will enhance the integration, sharing and use of the foundation datasets; and · agreed, formalised relationships and business processes that detail the collection, maintenance and use of the themes and datasets.

The next tranche work will also involve the finalisation of the data specifications and implementation of the data production programs. ANZLIC has agreed that the Office of Spatial Policy will lead this work and that the governance structure for this phase will include representatives from PSMA Australia Limited (PSMA), the Spatial Industries Business Association (SIBA) and the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information (CRC-SI). This activity will link into the CRC-SI Program 3 Research Program.

The corresponding ANZLIC foundation spatial information management policies will cover:

· Governance · Custodianship · Standards and Metadata · Access, Pricing and Licensing · Responsibilities of Data Users · Privacy and Security (Guidance only) · Intellectual Property · Foundation Spatial Data

Phase 3 and 4 will involve working with multiple communities of users (including local, state, territory and federal governments, private sector and academia) to achieve ongoing benefits and cost savings. Governance arrangements for these next phases will include a wider community of stakeholders.

The Measure of Success The key measure of success is that the Framework will be used by all levels of government, industry, research and academic sectors as the authoritative source of foundation spatial data for all other value-added data, information and applications.

For further details or to provide information, please contact [email protected].

ANZLIC November 2012

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Annexes: 1. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Geocoded Addressing 2. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Administrative Boundaries 3. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Positioning 4. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Place Names 5. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Land Parcel and Property 6. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Imagery 7. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Transport 8. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Water 9. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Elevation and Depth 10. ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme – Land Cover

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GEOCODED ADDRESSING ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Image depicts a sample of the current Geocoded National Address File as at 2012 © PSMA overlayed on a cadastral data set

Name Geocoded Addressing

Description Addressing is the specific identification of a fixed location (for example, a plot of land, building, part of a building, way of access or other construction) which is represented by a structured composition of place names and point identifiers. It may be further embellished with the inclusion of other valuable attributes including geocodes and Delivery Point Identifier (DPID).

Current Datasets There are two Australian nationally endorsed datasets available for addressing: · The Geocoded National Address File (G-NAF®) (PSMA Australia Ltd) that enables validation of addresses and also provides a physical location for addresses. It is derived from jurisdictional addressing information. · The Postal Address File (PAF®) (Australia Post) provides the bulk mail identifiers used to apply user discounts.

Purpose Addressing data provides users with unique and unambiguous identification of an address site within the context of the desired outcome (the physical location or the delivery location) of every address site. Addressing is used for: · Communication · Address validation at point of entry · Socio-economic and demographic analysis

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· Emergency services and public safety · Delivery of products and services · Personal navigation · Fraud prevention · Innovation in business

Current Status The status of nationally endorsed datasets is: · G-NAF® is a point file of addresses which is updated every three months. · G-NAF® contains approximately 98% of all the physical addresses in Australia (Geocode accuracy at parcel level is approximately 95%). · Complex addresses and addresses within gated communities, caravan parks and similar facilities are the category of addresses least well represented. · Indigenous, rural and remote addresses are often not well represented especially where insufficient data exists to form a well formed address. · Physical addresses in multi-storey buildings cannot be defined in 3D, as the height dimension is not generally available. · PAF® does not provide a physical location for the address but does provide a DPID to improve mail delivery efficiency. · PAF® is updated every three months.

Future Status All the physical addresses in Australia will: · Be updated and available daily. · Include complex addresses:

o addresses within gated communities and other similar facilities with private road addresses.

o multiple buildings within a property. · Include complete and current indigenous, remote and rural addresses. · Include physical addresses in multi-storey buildings defined in 3D. · Provide a two-way mechanism for users to feedback address updates. · Allow for integration with land use and property information. Greater levels of compliance to the ANZLIC National Address Management Framework (NAMF) across Government will be achieved. The G-NAF® and PAF® data and compliance regimes will be integrated into a single address file and compliance framework.

Standards AS/NZS 4819:2011 Rural and urban addressing. AS/NZS 4590:2006 Interchange of client information.

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AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information – Data product specifications. OGC Compliant Web Feature and Web Map Services (WFS and WMS). All tools and applications are to be compliant with the National Address Management Framework.

Version 0.9 – 19 November 2012

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ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Image depicts a sample of the ACT Administrative Boundaries Database 2012

Name Administrative Boundaries

Description The Administrative Boundaries theme is a collection of legislative, regulatory, political, statistical, maritime and general administrative boundaries sourced from local, state and territory, national and international boundary datasets.

Current Datasets National coverage datasets include: · Administrative Boundaries, PSMA Australia Limited (PSMA) which includes:

o Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Statistical Geographies (up to 2011 Census).

o Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Statistical Geographies (applicable from 2011 Census onwards) (Australian Bureau of Statistics).

o Australian Electoral Boundaries (Australian Electoral Commission).

o State and Territory boundaries (including a representation of the continental coastline and external territories).

o Local Government Areas. o Suburbs and localities. · Postcode Boundaries (Australia Post). · Maritime Jurisdiction Boundaries (Geoscience Australia).

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Purpose The Administrative Boundaries theme is used to visualise administrative areas that represent voting districts, redistributions, zoning, socio-economic analysis, regional planning, service distribution and local and state government boundaries. In addition, Administrative Boundaries can also be used to aggregate information for analytical purposes and geographically stable boundaries (over time) can be used to establish and analyse time series trends. Administrative boundary data in combination with geocoded address data, demographic information and agency specific business information underpins the ability to perform high quality spatial analysis. The aggregation and analysis of data includes: · Evidence-based development and assessment of government policy. · Providing the ability to undertake spatial accounting. · Regional analysis for government, health, education, business and a range of other purposes. · Support for emergency management. · Market catchment analysis, micromarketing, customer analysis and market segmentation.

Current Status The PSMA Administrative Boundaries dataset provides the best available national coverage; and includes: · ABS Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) items used for the statistical classification from the 2011 Census onwards; e.g. Mesh Blocks (30–60 dwellings limit); Urban Centre and Localities (UCL) – see diagram on Page 16. · ABS Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) items used for the statistical classification up to the 2011 Census: Statistical Local Areas (SLAs), Collector Districts (CD) – see diagram on Page 17. · AEC Electoral Boundaries. · Local Government Areas (LGAs). · State Boundaries. · Town Points. · Wards. PSMA’s Administrative Boundaries are: · Aggregated from information provided by the jurisdictions and other data custodians. · Updated every 3 months. · Available under a PSMA licence through commercial resellers. · Packaged as part of the PSMA Geocoded National Address File (G-NAF®) product. Accuracy is inconsistent from boundary set to boundary set dependant on the source data used to define the boundary. For example, mesh blocks:

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· May be sub-metre-accurate in urban areas, as they are based on the land parcel. · May be 100m-accurate in rural and regional areas. Spatial accuracy issues include: · Some edge match issues occur at jurisdictional borders. · Some overlaps, mismatches and gaps may occasionally occur in the data. · The spatial accuracy of boundaries, which varies depending on the custodian and the purpose for which the boundary was captured. Currently, there is minimal attribution against boundaries. The current range of available boundaries available through the PSMA product does not meet user needs. There are a range of boundaries maintained by custodians, but not readily available to the user (e.g. water catchment boundaries, schools zones and education boundaries). Maritime Jurisdiction Boundaries Maritime boundaries and the legislative instruments definitions are available online through the Australian Maritime Spatial Information System (AMSIS) portal. Currently there is no ability to produce the complex calculations to accurately complete the datasets at high granularity (or high resolution). There is no capacity to make line changes over time, or create a 'dynamic boundary' to align with the dynamic positioning reference frame.

Future Status The Administrative Boundaries will: · Be updated daily. · Be aligned to the other foundation data, for example cadastre, from which they are derived (e.g. electoral boundaries align to land parcels and road centrelines). · Have positional accuracy appropriate to the feature to which they apply. · Provide a two way mechanism for users to provide feedback on changes to administrative boundary accuracy, updates and new boundary creation. · Be expanded to include new categories of administrative boundary information based on user demands. · Maintain historical boundaries to allow consistent comparative analysis over time in spite of boundary changes.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1 AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information – Data product specifications Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Feature Service (WFS) Implementation Specification 1.1.0 (OGC Document No. 04-094) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS)

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Implementation Specification 1.3.0 (OGC Document No. 06-042)

Version 0.7 – 19 November 2012

ABS Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS)

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ABS Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC)

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POSITIONING ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Name Positioning

Description Positioning is Australia’s authoritative, reliable, high accuracy spatial referencing system. The Positioning theme includes the coordinates and their uncertainty of all location based data promulgated from, or related to, the Australian Fiducial Network (AFN) and the defining Australian Height Datum tide gauge stations.

Current Datasets There are no datasets produced under this theme as such, the information under Positioning is provided through the reference system using the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94), the Australian Height Datum 1971 (AHD71), the Australian Height Datum (Tasmania) 1983 (AHD-TAS83), the national geoid model and the mean sea level (MSL). It also includes the physical geodetic infrastructure, such as the survey marks and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks, geodetic modelling (e.g. the coordinate transformations), and definitions of the Geoid and bathymetric reference surfaces. Services include on-the-fly and post-production capability to correct GNSS measurements.

Purpose Positioning is Australia’s authoritative, reliable, high accuracy spatial referencing system and it provides a common reference for all geospatial data. Services are used by specialists and non-specialists alike, for a growing number of applications (e.g. surveying, construction, mining, precision agriculture, asset capture, tracking, navigation, emergency response, law enforcement, insurance, security, climate/weather forecast and recreation). In order to maximise the benefits of 18 One ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Draft for Consultation

positioning and the enabling infrastructure, and to provide assurance to users of the fitness for purpose of the position outputs, guiding principles are required to enable the consistent and reliable determination and use of position information.

Status The Positioning Theme is being progressively upgraded with datum modernisation being driven by the anticipated development of the National Positioning Infrastructure (NPI) which will be capable of delivering coordinates with centimetre accuracy. Working with the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information (CRCSI), the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) Permanent Committee for Geodesy (PCG) is developing an upgrade roadmap. While there is currently no nationally coordinated approach to managing the NPI (i.e. CORS – continuously operating reference systems c and the associated real-time positioning services) ,the NPI Implementation Plan does provide a roadmap to achieve this. Real-time positioning services currently support 2–5cm accuracy positioning but only in those jurisdictions (i.e. Victoria and NSW) with dense (70km station spacing) CORS networks. The national geoid model (i.e. AusGeoid) currently supports the measurement of height with respect to AHD using GNSS with an accuracy of 5cm at best.

Future Status The refinement of the national geodetic infrastructure is outlined in the National Positioning Infrastructure (NPI) Plan.

The NPI will improve the existing GNSS CORS infrastructure, governance and data sharing arrangements and will augment the existing infrastructure with a fully multi-GNSS capable, high integrity, trusted CORS network with a 200 km inter-station spacing. The Permanent Committee for Geodesy (PCG) will update the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) by 2015. This will be the first rigorous national adjustment. The national Geoid model will undergo iterative improvements as additional terrestrial (gravity and survey) and satellite gravity data becomes available.

Standards Document: recognised value standard for position of the Australian Fiducial Network stations (refer to National Measurement Act 1960 -

Recognized-value standard of measurement of position 2012 (No. 1) - F2012L00800, see http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2012L00800/Download) Manual: GDA Technical Manual, see http://www.icsm.gov.au/gda/gdatm/index.html Report: IERS 2003 computation standards, see ftp://tai.bipm.org/iers/conv2003/tn32.pdf Manual: Standards & Practices for Control Surveys, see Standards & Practices for Control Surveys, version 1.7, September 2007

Version 0.6 – 19 November 2012

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PLACE NAMES ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Gazetteer of Australia, Geoscience Australia (http://gazetteer.mymaps.gov.au/gazetteer/)

Name Place Names

Description Place Names are the names of cultural and physical features and their associated location and extent. Place Names can include approved, unapproved, commonly used, alternate and historical place names.

Current Datasets National coverage datasets include: · Gazetteer of Australia. · Maritime Gazetteer of Australia. · Antarctic Gazetteer. · PSMA Australia Limited (PSMA) Features of Interest. · Geoscience Australia GEODATA Topo-250K ‘features of interest’ database.

Purpose Place Names are used to identify and record the official and/or commonly-used names for the location of places and features and the gazetted or historical information associated with those names. Place Names are integral to: · Emergency response. · Economic, social and environmental analysis. · Cultural identity and heritage. · Mapping and navigation.

Status The Gazetteer of Australia contains a sub-set of official place names

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provided by the jurisdictions, the Australian Antarctic Division, and the Australian Hydrographic Office. The content provided varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, based on policy decisions about what is appropriate content for a national gazetteer made by each jurisdiction. The Gazetteer of Australia currently contains 322,000 place names, and: · Is updated every two years. · Is aggregated and distributed by Geoscience Australia. · Contains some non-official (ungazetted) place names derived from the GA TOPO-250k data. · Is available for download as ASCII text and as a Microsoft Access database. · Is served as an online service (http://gazetteer.mymaps.gov.au). · Is available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. · Is of variable accuracy (from 2m to 200m) with no consistent pattern (ie. some urban sites are 200m+ and some rural are 10m). · Is a point feature dataset not related to the physical extent of the feature being named. The PSMA Features of Interest dataset delivers over 130,000 data points from over 50 categories which are: · Sourced from a wide range of providers. · Updated quarterly.

The dataset is supplied by PSMA Australia Limited · On DVD. · Under a commercial licence. · Through value added resellers.

Future Status The Place Names Theme will deliver: · All formally identified place name data and information from government sources in real time. · A derived product or service with a spatial accuracy of 10 metres which will represent an amalgamation of formal place name data and other separately identified informal names and aliases. The derived product will be integrated into the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure (UNSDI) Gazetteer Framework and network of international gazetteers and other foundation and non-foundation theme data sets including but not limited to: · Road names. · Relevant information on the location of government offices, business and service delivery points.

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· Indigenous locations. · Alias and historical place names. · A range of environmental, business and cultural information about each place.

The Place Name service or product will provide: · Open access to this information using a simple to use, single point of access. · A two-way mechanism for users to feedback information on perceived errors, omissions or other issues. · A link to the physical extent of the feature being referenced. · A clear distinction between official and unofficial (including historical) names.

Version 0.4 – 19 November 2012

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LAND PARCEL AND PROPERTY ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Image depicts a sample of the current CadLite® data as at 2012 ©PSMA Land Parcels displaying property values courtesy QLD Government

Name Land Parcel and Property

Description A land parcel is an area of land with defined boundaries, under unique ownership for specific real property rights. A property is something that is capable of being owned, either in the form of real property (land) or personal property (chattels). The interest can involve physical aspects, such as the use of land, or conceptual rights, such as a right to use the land in the future. The cadastre is an up to date parcel based land information system which contains a record of interests in land (i.e. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). The cadastre includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, the ownership or control of those interests, and often the value of the parcel and its improvements. A cadastral product or service visualises the boundaries of land parcels, often buildings on land, the parcel identifier, basic topographic features and sometimes boundary corner monumentation. The land parcel and property theme provides the basic fabric of land ownership. It consists of the national cadastral database and associated parcel and property information. Descriptive data includes the identifier, tenure, ownership type, size, value, land use and legal rights or restrictions associated with each separate land object.

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Current Datasets · PSMA Australia Limited (PSMA) provides national coverage datasets including:

o CadLite® which contains a seamless national database of cadastral boundaries, excluding easements and road drainage easements, and parcel identifiers which are compatible with jurisdictional land titles. · Land Tenure which contains classified land parcels. Both datasets are derived from jurisdictional data.

Purpose Land and property data underpins the economic, social and environmental fabric of Australia and is used, amongst other things, to: · Secure tenure for access to capital. · Define allowable use of land. · Manage Native Title, Nature Conservation, Heritage Protection, Defence, and Disaster Management. · Improve infrastructure and property development planning. · Inform water and carbon accounting programs.

Status CadLite® contains 11.8m legal land parcels across Australia and property extents as defined by valuations. PSMA’s Land Tenure product contains at least one tenure record for each land parcel. It requires the use of CadLite® to enable visualisation for the user. Both these datasets: · Are aggregated from the jurisdictions land and property information data sets. · Are updated by PSMA quarterly. · Are available through commercial re-sellers. · Have edge matching issues at jurisdictional boundaries. · Vary in positional accuracy from sub metre accuracy in the urban areas to 50m+ in some rural and remote areas. · Vary in currency with some jurisdictions providing planned parcel information and others only as built with up to 6 month time delay.

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Future Status The national land parcels and property data will include: · Matching with address data and a unique parcel identifier. · Daily updates. · A spatial accuracy of 1–10 metres. · A consistent, edge matched national coverage. · All planned parcel information. · Other information about associated property identifiers (Lot on a Deposited Plan). · Easement information. · A single point of access to information on rights, responsibilities and restrictions over land regardless of who imposes them:

o Information about planned and actual land use. o Information on land valuation. o Information about development approvals. o The ability for properties to be displayed in 3D. A two-way mechanism for users to feedback information on perceived errors, omissions or other issues will be provided.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information – Data product specifications. OGC compliant web services (WMS).

Version 0.4 – 19 November 2012

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IMAGERY ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Images depict samples of; aerial photography ©Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment; LANDSAT TM ©Geoscience Australia

Name Imagery

Description Imagery is the output derived from the use of sensor technologies to detect, locate, classify and record objects relative to the surface of the Earth. This includes data sourced from satellite, airborne and terrestrial sensors and cameras having a range of capabilities. It includes but is not limited to orthorectified multispectral, hyperspectral, laser and radar data. Land cover is derived from imagery.

Current Datasets Satellite imagery with national coverage includes: · Australian Geographic Reference Image (AGRI) is a national orthorectified mosaic of ALOS imagery at 2.5m across Australia, providing basis for other imagery to be relatively georeferenced (Geoscience Australia). · Landsat - available from Geoscience Australia. · NOAA AVHRR (Geoscience Australia). · MODIS (Geoscience Australia). · Imagery from commercially operated satellites and aircraft. Aerial Photography (jurisdictions mapping agencies and Geoscience Australia, Defence Imagery Geospatial Organisation) exists but does

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not have national coverage. Vehicle and other terrestrial geo-reference based imagery (jurisdictions and utility service providers) such as vehicle based photography of infrastructure and natural corridors.

Purpose Imagery provides an analytical source and contextual background for decision-making and supports multiple applications including: · Mapping. · Emergency services. · Natural resource management. · Defence and National Security. · Geosciences. · Sustainable human and land use development. Mapping programs typically source high resolution imagery, whilst broader continental programs are satisfied by coarse resolution imagery.

Status Satellite Imagery is currently available as: · National coverage imagery from the MODIS and NOAA AVHRR sensors with a resolution of 500 – 1000m. This imagery is updated daily. · National coverage imagery from the Landsat series with a resolution of 25m. This imagery is updated every 16 days and is available for the years 1987 to 2012. · National coverage imagery at a resolution of 1 to 10m are also available from the ALOS sensor through Geoscience Australia or through commercial vendors. Imagery from multiple dates may be used to provide a complete coverage · High resolution and terrestrial imagery is project specific and not a national coverage. National coverage of aerial photography is currently not available although may be available on a state by state basis. Project and program specific coverage exist within each jurisdictions and some Australian Government agencies. The resolution being captured is between 10cm to 50cm, with high positional accuracy of ±1m, and all visible bands of Blue, Green and Red for natural colour photography. Imagery archives are currently moving to petabyte storage capacity due to large file sizes.

Future Status Due to the significant costs involved in the collection of imagery and the current resourcing constraints across all jurisdictions, in the future

ANZLIC will commit to providing a core optical imagery reference layer that will be: · The best available resolution at any point in time. · Delivered as a multi-jurisdictional, contiguous and up to date optical imagery service. · Openly accessible..

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The multi-jurisdictional optical service will be made up of: · high resolution aerial photography or satellite imagery:

o Of between 10cm – 2m resolution. o Captured at least annually in urban areas. · medium resolution aerial photography or satellite imagery:

o Of between 50cm – 10m resolution for regional areas. o Medium frequency captured at least annually in regional areas for jurisdictional and continental models. · medium - coarse resolution satellite imagery:

o Of greater than 10m accuracy. o high frequency captured at least annually for seamless continental coverage’s for jurisdictional and continental models. · All imagery will be compliant with the National Nested Grid. · Whole of government and or open content licensing where possible.

It is anticipated that the private sector will meet user requirements for higher accuracy and currency imagery in many instances.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. ISO 19115/2. OGC compliant web map and coverage services (WMS & WCS).

Version 0.7 – 19 November 2012

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TRANSPORT ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Image depicts a sample of the current Transport and Topography data as at 2012 ©PSMA and Vicmaps transport data 2012

Name Transport

Description Transport data is a representation of the land, water and air networks used to move people and goods, and deliver services, from one location to another. It includes network connectivity and characteristics such as type, name and potential restrictions on what can be moved through the network.

Current Datasets The transport theme comprises of the following generic datasets, and associated infrastructure, including the links between different datasets: · Road. · Rail. · Aviation. · Recreational Infrastructure. · Maritime. There are two major sources of national transport network information available sourced from government. These are: · PSMA Australia Limted (PSMA) Transport and TopographyTM · Geoscience Australia GEODATA Topo-250K

Purpose Transport data are used for: · Delivering emergency services. · Mapping, charting and navigation. · Planning for and delivering resources and services.

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· Asset management and monitoring. · Defining boundaries. · Tracking logistics. · Infrastructure planning and development.

Status PSMA Transport and TopographyTM is an aggregation of transport data from the jurisdictions. An updated version is made available every 3 months under commercial licensing. In general: · Accuracy of data varies from:

o Approximately 2m in metropolitan areas. o 10–20m in urban fringe and rural areas. o 50–150m in remote areas. There are some breaks in connectivity at state borders. · Data is 6 months old when released to market but in rural and remote areas features have a currency of 5–10 years. · Information is available that describes:

o Type of road. o Surface.. o User access and physical restrictions. This information is at various levels of completeness. GEODATA Topo-250K contains transport information from topographic maps. It was revised regularly up to 2006. It is available under creative commons licensing but has not been incorporated into the PSMA dataset. In general: · Rail is shown to an accuracy of no worse than 20–30m. · Roads are shown with an accuracy of between 20m and 100m. · Aviation is shown at an accuracy no worse than 20m to 80m. Commercial resellers and other government agencies enhance these datasets with navigation-specific information such as turning restrictions, camber and travel direction and may also upgrade the geometry of certain parts of the road network to capture individual lanes within a road to sub-metre accuracy. Specific authoritative marine and aeronautical transport information managed by government includes: · Navigation aids (including lighthouses, buoys and lights) are captured and kept current by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) using DGPS to an accuracy of 10m-100m. This data is delivered through the Australian Marine Spatial Information System (AMSIS). · Ship reporting locations are now being captured in the AMSA Craft Tracking System to an accuracy of 1m with locations reported every 6 seconds. A distribution

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mechanism for this data is being developed by AMSA.

· The World Aeronautical Charts produced by Airservices Australia hold approaches to airports and some high-level information on airports themselves. These are produced at a scale of 1:1 million and have an accuracy of around 200m. Detailed information on approaches to and infrastructure in ports is generally maintained by port authorities. This information has an accuracy no worse than 10m-30m. Information is usually only available to the public through charts such as the Hydrographic Services Electronic Navigation Chart series.

Future Status Transport data in Australia will be: · Nationally consistent and complete in the classification, status and description of transport features. · Easily accessible to users; in particular, information on new roads will be made available within 2 weeks of being gazetted. · Provide a two-way mechanism for users to feedback information on perceived errors, omissions or other issues. · Linked to other intelligent transport system information and data. · Accurate to:

o at least 1m in urban areas and on the higher-order road network; and

o 10m in rural and remote areas. · Linked/networked within and between the different transport modes. · Inclusive of public transport networks. · Supportive of real-time tracking.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information – Data product specifications. OGC compliant web services (WMS).

Version 0.6 – 19 November 2012

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WATER ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Name Water

Description The Water theme encompasses hydrology which is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water, including the hydrologic cycles, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. Hydrology includes surface hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage basin management and water quality where water plays the central role. Water (surface water and groundwater) is concerned with information as aligned with the definitions under the Water Act 2007 (http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2012C00229).

This theme includes Hydrology elements which are described as: Surface water · Water in a watercourse, lake or wetland; and · Any water flowing over or lying on land:

o after having precipitated naturally; or o after having risen to the surface naturally from underground.

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Groundwater · Water occurring naturally below ground level (whether in an aquifer or otherwise); or · Water occurring at a place below ground that has been pumped, diverted or released to that place for the purpose of being stored there. · Does not include water held in underground tanks, pipes or other works.

Current Datasets National coverage datasets are all at multi-scale resolutions and include: Surface water · Hydrology - GEODATA Topo-250K Series 3 (Geoscience Australia). · AusHydro Version 2 is an aggregation of GEODATA Topo- 250K Series 1 and jurisdictional data. · Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (Geofabric) V2.1 (Bureau of Meteorology). This is based on AusHydro Version 1. · PSMA Australia Limited (PSMA) Transport and Topography™. Groundwater · Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (Geofabric) V2.1 – Groundwater Cartography (Bureau of Meteorology). · National Groundwater Information System (NGIS) (Bureau of Meteorology). · Groundwater Flow Systems (Geoscience Australia).

Catchment Boundaries · Catchment boundaries are contained in the Administrative Boundaries Theme.

Purpose Water information supports the government in addressing issues such as: · Climate change. · Water and natural resource management, including coal seam gas extraction. · Emergency management. · Hazard mitigation or disaster risk reduction. · Environmental planning and monitoring. · Urban development and agriculture. · Insurance, engineering and mining.

Status The Geofabric V2 dataset produced by the Bureau of Meteorology is level of detail commensurate with 1:250,000 scale mapping with accuracy in the order of 100m–140m. It is based on the AusHydro product from Geoscience Australia and also includes catchments

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derived from digital elevation models, network connectivity products and various water reporting units. The drainage network is fully connected with flow directions. It is publicly available through CCBY. AusHydro V2 is an aggregation of GEODATA Topo-250K Series 1 and jurisdictional data. It has 70% national coverage of streams including flow direction and connectivity. Accuracy is in the order of 30-50m. GEODATA Topo-250K contains surface water information from topographic maps and is a cartographic product only. It was revised regularly up to 2006 and is available under creative commons licensing. PSMA Transport and Topography™ includes surface water aggregated from jurisdictional data with no flow direction or connectivity. It is updated on an ad-hoc basis. National groundwater data is available through the National Atlas of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems Atlas and the National Groundwater Information System (NGIS). These products do not contain all available jurisdictional information.

Future Status The water theme data sets are multi-scale and cross jurisdictional and will:

· Where possible, be integrated into a nationally consistent dataset:

o Containing all jurisdictional data (noting that scales may be inconsistent).

o With high resolution, best available, and scale compatible digital elevation models for urban and flood-prone areas. · Contain a high precision nationally consistent stream hierarchy. The Geofabric V3 is in development and will include: · The integration of state jurisdictional data to an approximate resolution of 1:100,000 with accuracy of 40–70m. · Amendments to correct displacement issues at jurisdiction borders. · Amendments to correct inconsistencies in feature attribution, classification and description between jurisdictions. · Groundwater data from the NGIS incorporated into the Geofabric and used to connect surface water and ground water components.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information – Data product specifications. OGC compliant Web Map Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS).

Version 0.6 – 19 November 2012

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ELEVATION AND DEPTH ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Image depicts a sample of gridded digital elevation and bathymetric data courtesy of Geoscience Australia 2012

Name Elevation and Depth

Description Elevation is the measurement of the Earth’s surface above or below a vertical datum to obtain either the height of the land or a bathymetric depth. Elevation data is collected using a range of sensors, including laser, sonar, radar, optical remote sensing and survey techniques to derive spot heights, raster surfaces, contours, triangulated irregular networks and digital elevation models.

Current Datasets The Elevation and Depth theme is comprised of the following generic datasets: · Contours and Spot heights – including Coastline. · Digital Elevation Models (DEM) – topography and bathymetry. · Digital Surface Models (DSM) – topography and bathymetry. Medium (5m) to very high (1m), national, state/territory, regional and local government project-based datasets are also acquired and available through both jurisdictional and national distribution points.

Purpose Elevation and Depth provides an authoritative digital representation of the Earth’s surface enabling evidence based decision making, policy development and an essential reference to other foundation datasets. Elevation and Depth underpins: · Safe hydrographic, aeronautical and road navigation. · Climate Science, including Climate Change Adaptation. · Emergency management and natural hazard risk assessment. · Environmental, including water management.

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· Engineering projects and infrastructure development. · Definition of maritime and administrative boundaries. · Defence and national security. · Natural resource exploration and exploitation.

Status Elevation and bathymetry datasets distributed by Geoscience Australia include: · Topographically derived GEODATA 9 Second DEM

o 250m grid cell size. o Currency 2008. o Licensing: CC-BY. o Available through the National Elevation Data Framework (NEDF) portal.

o National Coverage. o derived from topographic elevations, streams, water bodies and cliff lines (GEODATA 9 Second DEM – 250m). · SRTM datasets

o Derived and interpolated from the SRTM 30m Digital Surface Model (this is the raw data which still contains the topographic features such as vegetation and buildings).

o 30m and 90m grid cell size. o Currency 2000. o Licensing: CC-BY. o Available through the NEDF portal. o National Coverage. · Bathymetric grid of Australia

o The grid includes numerous data types and is interpolated across areas where no data was available.

o 250m grid cell size. o Currency 2009. o Licensing: CC-BY. o Available by request through the Geoscience Australia.

o Coverage: the Australian water column jurisdiction but not including the marine jurisdiction off the territory of Heard, McDonald Islands and the Antarctic Territory. · Multibeam dataset of Australia

o Coverage: the region defined by the extended continental shelf boundary. This dataset also covers some international waters.

o 50m grid cell size.

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o Currency 2012. o Licensing: CCBY. o Available through Geoscience Australia. The Australian Hydrographic Service is custodian of depth data limited by the extent of Australia’s charting responsibility. · Data is sourced from submissions by both foreign and domestic vessels collecting Depth data within Australia’s waters therefore currency varies. · Data coverage is predominantly concentrated in navigationally significant and near-shore areas. Generally available at 12.5m spacing. · All releasable data is held by Geoscience Australia and available by request. Remaining data is held by department of Defence and has restricted release policies. There are a large number of national, state/territory, regional and local government project-based activities in progress that capture 1m-5m resolution Elevation datasets. While these project-based activities at are increasing, data capture is not necessarily well coordinated, or discoverable. For more information refer to Map 1 from the Geoscience Australia 2011 National Elevation Data Audit.

Future Status Elevation and Depth data in Australia will provide: · Seamlessly integrated or nested national coverage containing all existing onshore, offshore and near-shore elevation datasets all based on a common vertical datum. · Continued maintenance of national elevation products and expansion of the collection of high resolution data through a more coordinated approach. · National based elevation resolution:

o <5m cell sizing for urban, coastal, environmental and high risk regions.

o 10m cell sizing for other including rural regions. o 30m cell sizing for remote regions. · Open access to multi-scale digital elevation models as a service. The information under this theme will require: · Large storage capacity, increasing by several hundred terabytes each year, needed to manage the data. · A data centre capability providing distribution bandwidth and architecture to manage, extract and deliver imagery products and services (GA and ANU and CSIRO are working collaboratively to address this issue; jurisdictions also have significant investments in storage and high performance computing). · a two-way mechanism for users to feedback information on perceived errors, omissions or other issues.

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Standards Metadata: · AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. Elevation: · OGC Compliant Web: Map; Feature; and Coverage Services (WMS, WFS, WCS). · Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) LiDAR Specification and Tender Template and ICSM Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data. Bathymetry: · IHO S44 Standards for Hydrographic Surveys Special Publication No. 44. · IHO S57 Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Special Publication No. 57. · IHO S100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model. · S102 – IHO Geospatial Standard for Hydrographic Data Special Publication No. 102. Bathymetric Surface Product Specification.

Version 0.4 – 19 November 2012

Map 1. Geoscience Australia’s, 2011 National Elevation Data Audit for Height coverage’s

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LAND COVER ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Theme Profile

Name Land Cover

Description Land cover is the observed biophysical cover on the Earth’s surface including trees, shrubs, grasses, soils, exposed rocks and water bodies, as well as anthropogenic elements such as plantations, crops and built environments. Land cover changes for many reasons, including seasonal weather, severe weather events such as cyclones, floods and fires, and human activities such as mining, agriculture and urbanisation. Remote sensing data recorded over a period of time allows the observation of land cover dynamics. Classifying these responses provides a robust and repeatable way of characterising land cover types. A key aspect of land cover is vegetation greenness. The greenness of vegetation can be related to the amount of photosynthesis occurring, and measured with an index such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI); hence different vegetated land cover types can be distinguished. Land cover can be represented as raster data that provides seamless land cover information using a consistent ISO labelling standard.

Datasets National Dynamic Land Cover Dataset consisting of: · A nationally consistent regional scale (250m GSD) vegetation index time series. · An ISO labelled land cover classification from the period of 2000 to 2008

Purpose The land cover theme is an essential and authoritative source of information that can provide insight into the response of land cover to a wide variety of drivers, both natural and anthropogenic. This provides natural resource managers with the capacity to identify emerging patterns of land cover change and provides a broad spatial

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and historical context within which to interpret that land cover change. This can be combined with ancillary information to assess what, if any, on-ground or policy interventions are required to mitigate the emerging behaviour. Information about land cover dynamics is essential to understanding and addressing a range of national challenges including: · Mapping and monitoring land use, natural resources, biodiversity, water usage, drought, pollution, minerals, water quality, wetlands, groundwater dependent ecosystems, land clearing, floodplains, crop acreage and growth, remnant vegetation, land degradation, irrigation, dryland salinity, and vegetation condition. · Management of forests, rivers, fisheries, catchments and agriculture. · National inventories of forests, greenhouse gases, endangered species, land cover, topography, and carbon sinks. · Emergency management of floods, bushfires and landslides.

Status The land cover theme comprises of the National Dynamic Land Cover Dataset. This is a regional scale dataset (250m Ground Sample Distance or GSD) produced by Geoscience Australia and is currently available for the period 2000-2008. The National Dynamic Land Cover Dataset product consists of: · A nationally consistent regional scale (250m GSD) vegetation index time series. · An ISO labelled land cover classification from the period of 2000 to 2008. State agencies provided more than 25000 field validation sites to assess the accuracy of the National Dynamic Land Cover Dataset. The results show a high degree of consistency between the Land Cover Map and extensive independent field-based datasets.

Future Status Version 2 of the Dynamic Land Cover Dataset will be released in 2013. Version 2 of the Dynamic Land Cover Dataset is a series of 250 metre

land cover maps for each 2 year interval since January 2001. The first map covers the period Jan 2001 to Dec 2002, the second map Jan 2002-Dec 2003 and so on. The desired state for the land cover theme is a national paddock scale land cover (25m GSD) theme based on data from the previous year released on an annual cycle. This product will consist of the following products: Reflectance dataset: · A nationally consistent paddock scale (25m GSD) surface reflectance time series. Biophysical dataset: (Based on ‘base dataset’ defined above)

· A fractional cover (Bare soil fraction, water fraction, vegetation fraction and non-photosynthetic fraction) time series.

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Land cover dataset: · An ISO labelled land cover classification for the previous two years.

A National Land Cover Monitoring Consortium has been established to conduct collaborative research into paddock scale land cover mapping methodologies that capture the diversity of land cover types encountered in Australia.

Standards AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1. Geographic Information – Classification systems: Part 2: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) - ISO 19144-2:2012

Version Version 0.6 – 19 November 2012

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ANZLIC—the Spatial Information Council c/- Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism 51 Allara Street, Canberra GPO Box 1564, Canberra ACT 2601 Email: [email protected] Phone: 02 6243 7618