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Introduction
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction The Invention of an Ethnic Nationalism he Hindu nationalist movement started to monopolize the front pages of Indian newspapers in the 1990s when the political T party that represented it in the political arena, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP—which translates roughly as Indian People’s Party), rose to power. From 2 seats in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament, the BJP increased its tally to 88 in 1989, 120 in 1991, 161 in 1996—at which time it became the largest party in that assembly—and to 178 in 1998. At that point it was in a position to form a coalition government, an achievement it repeated after the 1999 mid-term elections. For the first time in Indian history, Hindu nationalism had managed to take over power. The BJP and its allies remained in office for five full years, until 2004. The general public discovered Hindu nationalism in operation over these years. But it had of course already been active in Indian politics and society for decades; in fact, this ism is one of the oldest ideological streams in India. It took concrete shape in the 1920s and even harks back to more nascent shapes in the nineteenth century. As a movement, too, Hindu nationalism is heir to a long tradition. Its main incarnation today, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS—or the National Volunteer Corps), was founded in 1925, soon after the first Indian communist party, and before the first Indian socialist party. -
Genocide in Gujarat the Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat
Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Coalition Against Genocide March 02, 2005 _______________________________ This report was compiled by Angana Chatterji, Associate Professor, Anthropology, California Institute of Integral Studies; Lise McKean, Deputy Director, Center for Impact Research, Chicago; and Abha Sur, Lecturer, Program in Women's Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; with the support of various members of the Coalition Against Genocide. We acknowledge the critical assistance provided by certain graduate students, who played a substantial role in shaping this report through research and writing. In writing this, we are indebted to the courage and painstaking work of various individuals, commissions, groups and organizations. Relevant records and documents are referenced, as necessary, in the text and in footnotes. Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Contents Gujarat: Narendra Modi and State Complicity in Genocide---------------------------------------------------3 * Under Narendra Modi’s leadership, between February 28 and March 02, 2002, more than 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed in Gujarat, aided and abetted by the state, following which 200,000 were internally displaced. * The National Human Rights Commission of India held that Narendra Modi, as the chief executive of the state of Gujarat, had complete command over the police and other law enforcement machinery, and is such responsible for the role of the Government of Gujarat in providing leadership and material support in the politically motivated attacks on minorities in Gujarat. * Former President of India, K. R. Narayanan, stated that there was a “conspiracy” between the Bharatiya Janata Party governments at the Centre and in the State of Gujarat behind the riots of 2002. -
Compounding Injustice: India
INDIA 350 Fifth Ave 34 th Floor New York, N.Y. 10118-3299 http://www.hrw.org (212) 290-4700 Vol. 15, No. 3 (C) – July 2003 Afsara, a Muslim woman in her forties, clutches a photo of family members killed in the February-March 2002 communal violence in Gujarat. Five of her close family members were murdered, including her daughter. Afsara’s two remaining children survived but suffered serious burn injuries. Afsara filed a complaint with the police but believes that the police released those that she identified, along with many others. Like thousands of others in Gujarat she has little faith in getting justice and has few resources with which to rebuild her life. ©2003 Smita Narula/Human Rights Watch COMPOUNDING INJUSTICE: THE GOVERNMENT’S FAILURE TO REDRESS MASSACRES IN GUJARAT 1630 Connecticut Ave, N.W., Suite 500 2nd Floor, 2-12 Pentonville Road 15 Rue Van Campenhout Washington, DC 20009 London N1 9HF, UK 1000 Brussels, Belgium TEL (202) 612-4321 TEL: (44 20) 7713 1995 TEL (32 2) 732-2009 FAX (202) 612-4333 FAX: (44 20) 7713 1800 FAX (32 2) 732-0471 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] July 2003 Vol. 15, No. 3 (C) COMPOUNDING INJUSTICE: The Government's Failure to Redress Massacres in Gujarat Table of Contents I. Summary............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Impunity for Attacks Against Muslims............................................................................................................... -
Rahul Sagar, Hindu Nationalists and the Cold
Chapter Ten Hindu Nationalists and the Cold War Rahul Sagar It is generally accepted that during the Cold War divergences between “hope and reality” rendered India and America “estranged democracies.”1 Te pre- cise nature of the Indo- American relationship during these decades remains a subject of fruitful study. For instance, Rudra Chaudhuri has argued that the Cold War’s many crises actually prompted India and the United States to “forge” a more nuanced relationship than scholars have realized.2 Tis chapter does not join this discussion. It examines a diferent side of the story. Rather than study the workings of the Congress Party–afliated political and bureaucratic elite in power during the Cold War, it focuses on the principal Opposition—the ideas and policies of the Hindu Mahasabha, the Jan Sangh, and the Bharatiya Janata Party (bJP), which have championed the cause of Hindu nationalism. Te Cold War–era policies of these parties have not been studied carefully thus far. A common assumption is that these parties had little to say about international afairs or that, to the extent that they had something to say, their outlook was resolutely militant. Tis chapter corrects this misperception. It shows that these parties’ policies alternated between being attracted to and being repulsed by the West. Distaste for communism and commitment to democracy drove them to seek friendship with the West, while resentment at U.S. eforts to contain India as well as fears about ma- terialism and Westernization prompted them to demand that the West be kept at a safe distance. 229 false sTarTs Surprisingly little has been written about the diversity of Indian views on international relations in the Cold War era. -
SYNOPSIS and LIST of DATES That the Present Writ Petition Is Being
Bar and Bench (www.barandbench.com) SYNOPSIS AND LIST OF DATES That the present writ petition is being filed in public interest to enforce the Rule of Law guaranteed under Article 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India. This Hon’ble Court has time and again held that the common public has an inherent interest in prosecution of persons who commit criminal offences. Therefore, this writ petition is being filed in the collective interest of the public towards ensuring that the criminal justice system works in a non-partisan manner and a fresh investigation is carried out fairly to bring to book the real culprits in the murder of Shri Haren Pandya, a public figure and an ex home minister of the State of Gujarat, who was murdered in 2003 and subsequently the persons accused of the murder were acquitted by the Hon’ble High Court which called the investigation conducted, apparently under the present NIA Chief, Mr. Y. C. Modi, as “botched” and “misdirected” in these words: “…………What clearly stands out from the record of the present case is that the investigation in the case of murder of Shri Haren Pandya has all throughout been botched up and blinkered and has left a lot to be desired. The investigating officers concerned ought to be held accountable for their inaptitude resulting into injustice, huge harassment of many persons concerned and enormous waste of public resources and public time of the Courts.” Public disquiet has been unabated regarding the highly unsatisfactory way in which investigation has been carried out into the murder of a popular BJP leader who was also the former Home and Revenue Minister of the State. -
Jihadist Violence: the Indian Threat
JIHADIST VIOLENCE: THE INDIAN THREAT By Stephen Tankel Jihadist Violence: The Indian Threat 1 Available from : Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org/program/asia-program ISBN: 978-1-938027-34-5 THE WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and interna- tional affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan insti- tution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television. For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas R. Nides, Chairman of the Board Sander R. Gerber, Vice Chairman Jane Harman, Director, President and CEO Public members: James H. -
Delhi According to Ground Toronto Star, Reuters, the ,1!.#0 Moved Into the City from the Happening for Two Months Police
* " 2 %" 3 " 3 3 VRGR '%&((!1#VCEB R BP A"'!#$#1!$"$#$%T utqBVQWBuxy( ).(/012 $+,+$, - $(.) / $(& 01 #+/,&&),) )&1,;!#,+&&1 <) /,.),)' ,./#.1'+&- !/&.!/1!+,)- &&+.1 #.#0+):,+,!+ . +/##1 /+#:/ ,/1+ /0,!#(0- 4. , -56& 78 3" # 413454/6 /47 4 ) , R , $ +,-,./# January 20 and the same was Monday that he had “no infor- involving casualties, it is impos- resolved by local commanders mation to offer” on the reports sible for them not to be record- hen India and China as per established protocols. of clashes. ed in the Chinese patrol logs. ( )- Wwere preparing for talks Media is requested to refrain He also said the Chinese As regards the Corps last week to defuse tension at from overplaying or exagger- troops are committed to main- Commander-level dialogue, the border in Ladakh, the ating reports which are factu- taining peace at the border and the Indian delegation was People’s Liberation Army ally incorrect.” urged India to meet China headed by 14 Corps chief Lt * . (PLA) troops tried to breach Sources said the injuries halfway and refrain from any General PK Menon while the Line of Actual Control were insignificant and minor in unilateral actions that may Major General Liu Lin led the medal, was conferred on five (LAC) in Sikkim leading to a nature and roughly about 20 exacerbate the border situation. Chinese team. other soldiers. All these sol- minor face-off when Indian PLA soldiers and four Indians The Chinese army mouth- The statement said the two diers had died with Babu, the Army intercepted the Chinese. were injured in the melee. The piece The Global Times termed countries also agreed to follow commanding officer of the Soldiers from both armies fracas took place when the the incident as fake news and the important consensus of 16 Bihar Regiment, in the were injured. -
The Political Historiography of Modern Gujarat
The Political Historiography of Modern Gujarat Tannen Neil Lincoln ISBN 978-81-7791-236-4 © 2016, Copyright Reserved The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of the social sciences, encompassing diverse aspects of development. ISEC works with central, state and local governments as well as international agencies by undertaking systematic studies of resource potential, identifying factors influencing growth and examining measures for reducing poverty. The thrust areas of research include state and local economic policies, issues relating to sociological and demographic transition, environmental issues and fiscal, administrative and political decentralization and governance. It pursues fruitful contacts with other institutions and scholars devoted to social science research through collaborative research programmes, seminars, etc. The Working Paper Series provides an opportunity for ISEC faculty, visiting fellows and PhD scholars to discuss their ideas and research work before publication and to get feedback from their peer group. Papers selected for publication in the series present empirical analyses and generally deal with wider issues of public policy at a sectoral, regional or national level. These working papers undergo review but typically do not present final research results, and constitute works in progress. Working Paper Series Editor: Marchang Reimeingam THE POLITICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY OF MODERN -
Sample of the IIJNM Entrance Exam Dear Applicant
Sample of the IIJNM Entrance Exam Dear applicant, Please carefully read the instructions below: 1) Login using the username and password given to you. 2) You may now begin to attempt the following three tests. Name of test Question Type Section Duration Grade Current Affairs & General Knowledge MCQs 25 minutes 50 English: Grammar MCQs 15 minutes 30 English: Writing Essay Answers 20 minutes 20 The MCQs carry one mark for a correct answer and a quarter negative mark for a wrong one. The essay is graded on 10. You may attempt these tests in any order. Once you log in, you have to finish all three sections within the time slot allotted to you for each individual section. Time will not carry over between sections. In addition, please remember that you may attempt each section only once. If you enter any test and start your attempt, you may not exit until you have completed that test. If you exit or complete a section you will not be allowed to return to it. So make sure you finish a section before moving on to another. Please keep in mind that you should not press the back button of your browser at any point during these tests. You should only use the navigation buttons within the test to navigate. If you press the back button of your browser, you may lose all the answers you have entered so far. Section Descriptor Current Affairs & General Knowledge You have twenty-five minutes to answer questions on General knowledge & Current affairs. Please remember that you may attempt this quiz only once in the time that you are here. -
The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat
Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Coalition Against Genocide March 02, 2005 Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Contents Gujarat: Narendra Modi and State Complicity in Genocide---------------------------------------------------3 * Under Narendra Modi’s leadership, between February 28 and March 02, 2002, more than 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed in Gujarat, aided and abetted by the state, following which 200,000 were internally displaced. * The National Human Rights Commission of India held that Narendra Modi, as the chief executive of the state of Gujarat, had complete command over the police and other law enforcement machinery, and is such responsible for the role of the Government of Gujarat in providing leadership and material support in the politically motivated attacks on minorities in Gujarat. * Former President of India, K. R. Narayanan, stated that there was a “conspiracy” between the Bharatiya Janata Party governments at the Centre and in the State of Gujarat behind the riots of 2002. * According to independent human rights observers, the events in Gujarat meet the legal definition of genocide. The Sangh Parivar: Narendra Modi’s Inspiration---------------------------------------------------------------7 * Narendra Modi was a functionary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization. * Nazi and fascistic ideologies motivated founding ideologues of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a Hindu nationalist organization. * Modi has incorporated the teachings of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in his governance of Gujarat. Gujarat: Continuing Violence --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 * Following the events of February 27-March 02, 2002, the Government of Gujarat was grossly and willfully negligent in providing necessary support, security, relief, resettlement and rehabilitation measures to the victims. -
Notification
(TO BE PUBLISHED IN GAZETTE EXTRA ORDINARY, PART 1 – SEC.1) Government of India Ministry of Culture (Special Cell) Notification New Delhi, the 24th September, 2016 F.No. 19-1/2015- Special Cell – To commemorate the Birth Centenary of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya in a befitting manner, the Competent Authority has approved the constitution of a National Committee. The composition of the National Committee is as under:- NATIONAL COMMITTEE Chairman 1. Shri Narendra Modi, Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Members 2. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Fr PM, Bharat Ratna 3. Shri H D Deve Gowda, Fr PM of India 4. Smt. Sumitra Mahajan, Speaker of Lok Sabha 5. Shri Rajnath Singh, Home Minister 6. Smt. Sushma Swaraj, External Affairs Minister 7. Shri Arun Jaitley, Finance Minister 8. Shri Manohar Parikkar, Defence Minister 9. Shri Venkaiah Naidu, Urban Development Minister 10. Shri Nitin Gadkari, Minister of Road Transport & Highways & Shipping 11. Shri Suresh Prabhu, Minister of Railways 12. Shri Ram Vilas Paswan, Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution 13. Shri Kalraj Mishra, Minister of MSME 14. Shri Jual Oram, Minister of Tribal Affairs 15. Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot, Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment 16. Shri Prakash Javadekar, Minister of Human Resource Development 17. Ms Lata Mangeshkar, Bharat Ratna 18. Shri Mahesh Sharma, MoS (IC), Culture 19. Shri Anil Madhav Dave, Environment Minister - MoS (IC) 20. Shri L K Advani, Fr Dy. PM 21. Smt. Mridula Sinha, Governor of Goa 22. Prof. O P Kohli, Governor of Gujarat 23. Prof. Kaptan Singh Solanki, Governor of Haryana 24. Shri Acharya Devvrat, Governor of Himachal Pradesh 25. -
This Way Forward
SAFFRON FASCISM Fake Killings : People as Trophies Subhash Gatade Truth is finally pot. People who had a faint glimmer of hope about Kausar Bi’s whereabouts finally know that she is no more. As the counsel for the Gujarat government himself admitted before the Supreme Court, she was killed, burnt and her ashes were thrown in some field. But it does not throw light on who killed her? It appears that Gujarat government wants to buy time to divulge the information. But the CID report filed by Ms Geeta Johri is very clear on this aspect. The interim report of the IG(CID) Geeta Johri—who investigated the case as per instruction from the Supreme Courst—knew that Kausar Bi was personally strangulated to death by D H Vanjara. Imagine the head of the Anti-terrorism Squad, who till the other day functioned as DIG killing an innocent woman and using his position to cover up the crime. As things stand today the story of the encounter killing of Soharabuddin Sheikh in cold blood, followed by similar killing of his friend Tulsiram Prajapati and later his own wife Kausar Bi is getting murkier everyday. Thanks to Ruhabuddin Sheikh who persisted in his attempts to get justice and ultimately approached the Supreme Court to intervene in this matter in which his brother was killed in a fake encounter and sister in-law had gone missing. Today three senior police officers—two from Gujarat and one from Rajasthan are behind bars charged with kidnapping and murder of an innocent citizen, if the Gujarat government is compelled to follow the leads then it will have to apprehend more than two dozen other police officials from both the states who participated in the whole operations at some level.