DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomy of Hemiphaedusa Similaris (H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anatomy of Hemiphaedusa Similaris (H 000158 ‘金 Bull. Malacol. R.O. C. l!輝在啟事設 13 : 43 … 49 (1 987) ANATOMY OF HEMIPHAEDUSA SIMILARIS (H. ADAMS) AND H PSEUDOSHERIDANI (ZILC頁) FROM SOUTHERN T AIW AN (PULMONAτA:CLAUSILIIDAE) Kuan.min Chang Oral Surgery , College of Medicine , National Taiwan University 關鍵詢:眼見綱一;燼管蝸牛科，解話，蝸牛。 Key words: Gastropod 益a-Clausiliìda皂， Anatomy ， Lands泊在i l. Hemíphaedusa simílaris w在S origina1ly tweleve specimens of var. ventríosa are co1- described by H. Ada訟 s (1 8級) with the speci­ lected from Ken-ting, Pingtung county, south mens from severallocalíti 的 of southern Taiwan. cape of Taiwan. The snails were immersed in Other species from K在ngkou ， Manchou district, boiling water a few seconds and were separated south c墨pe of Taiwan which are smaller, vio1et. their soft parts from shel1s in water.τhey were brownish, general1y convexed sheU with dis幽 dissected in F AA solution under a dissecting continued apertura1 margin are reported as var. mlcroscope. ventriosa and another species from mountain­ ous area of Kaohsiung county which are more E造船ult large , pale colored, cl在vate formed shell with most inflated penultimate who泣， funnel 趴在ped H similaris widened apertural margin are reported 在 s var. (Plate 1) clava by Schmacker 是nd Böttger (1891). In 1955, Kur。這在路星星的ted that the dwarf type of SheU: Hemiphaedusa similaris var. ventriosa m 在y be a Medium in si肘， solidy, fusiform , pale synonym of H. pseudosheridani (Kuroda 1955). brownish with oblique striation on surface. Hence it may be sti1l question that al1 of these Apex obtuse. Succeeding whoris increased in species from southern Taiwan are identified as diameter reachin惡 2.9 mm at the fourth whorl similaris in spite of their various size and shel1 which is about 59% of th忠誠e l1 width. Whorls feature. Further studies of various similaris 9 in number. 昆在ch whorl convex with rather species (include holotype group) on their soft deep suture. Base of last whorl roundy. Aper­ anima1s is requested. But so far no 汶口dy has ture subvertical, pyriform with duplic 在 te aper­ been done on their anatomy except the chro­ tura1 lips. Aperture margin whitish, thickened, mosome by Burch (1965) and Lo & Ch是ng expanded 在 nd reflected. Superior lame l1a (1 975). The reproductive system and radula obliq間， marginal and connected with spiral of Hem伊haedusa similaris and it8 variation lamella. Inferior lamella flat , deeply situated ventriosa were reported here for the first t泊流. interiorward, Subcolumel1ar lamella emerged to apertural margin and extended distinct1y to 規 aterials and Methods outward. Principal plica lon惡﹒ Upper pa1at a1 p1ica short, 10wer palata1 p1ica indistinguishab1e Thirteen specimens of H. similaris and from outside. Lune l1a straight, extended dis- 44 Kuan-mÎn Chan囂 tinct1y below upper palatal plica, thus forming idy, purplísh.brown to li在ht brown in color "J" shaped mark (如今 lA). shell. Whorl 8-9 in number, each whorl Clausilium long tongue shaped, 2.4 mm weakly convex with shallow suture. Upper part long, 0.9 mm wide with parallel margìns. Apex of apire elongately conic with obtuse apex. of clausìlium roundy with thickened callu.s but Succeedin露 whorls increased in diameter reach­ neither nodule nor notch fOIτnation. Deep ing 1.9 mm at the fourth whorl which is about notch existed at the proximal end of the margin 60% of the shell width. Penultimate whorl of columellar side (Fig. 2A, Table 1). largest in diameter. Shell surface is sculptured with fine irregular oblique st 泌的 Aperture Reproductive system: subvertical, lon皂 pear shape. Peri鈍。me whitish, Penial sheath was moderately long and well not widely reflected but funnel shaped with developed. Because of the constriction at the sharp margin, marginally, only in two speci. junction, the epìphallus is conspicuous. lts mens of them peristome discontinued at wall is more whitish and thickened 風 Penial superior of aperture. Four specimens of them retractor attached to the posterior part of have duplicated peristome. Superior lamella epiphallus. Vas deferens separated from sperm­ raised 泌的?妙， connected inwardly with spiral oviduct at 3 mm 盈nterior from the end of lamel1a. Inferior lamella weak, seated deeply. prostate gland. lt was a long slender duct , Subcolumellar lamellar emerged weakly on attached loosely to vagina and held closely to peristome. Principal p1ica lon各 Lunella arcu. anterior end of penial sheath by a fibrous ated weakly to medial, unitin草 superiorly with tissue. Vagina was short and large in diameter. the short upper palatal plica, thus forme 丘 or Oviduct was longer than vagina but slender. markin惡 of “J" on the 益nterior-lateral of last Stalk of spermatheca is same as oviduct in whorl. Lower palatal plica vestigial (民車. lB). length an位 diameter ， branched out more Clausilium tongue shaped ，直rcu孟ted strong勵 thickened diverticulum. Spermethecal duct was ly to posteri肘， 1.6 mm lon草， 0.8 mm wide with equal to its stalk in length but rather slender. paralleled margi肘 Apex of clausilium nar­ Spermatheca was long oval-shape 在nd slight rowed with thickened callu 丸 nodule and notch reddish in color. The length of diverticulum formation. Deep notch also existed 在 t the was longer than the combined len在ths of sp缸" proximal end of the margin of columellar side matherca an這 spermathecal duct (Fig. 3人 (Fig. 2B, T在ble 1). Table 2). Reproductive system: Radula: Penial sheath well developed. Epiphal1us Radula ribbon was 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm more whitish 孟nd same or smaller in diameter wide, carrying 79 rows of teeth. The radular than pe紛紛 sheath but its borderline is in­ formula. is 23+C+23. Lateral teeth transformed conspicuous. Penial retr 盈ctorslender ， attached into more oblique and more long c耶pid st在此， to the posterior one third of epiphallus. Vas ing from the 8th tooth (Fig. 4A). deferens separated from spermoviduct at an­ terior end of prostate gland. It is 10玲， slender H. pseudosheridani and attached 100紛 ly to vagin盈 but tíghtly to (Plate 1) anterior end of the penial sheath. Vagina lon盔， lar皇e in diameter. Oviduct shorter and slender Shell: th如 vagina. Spennathecal stalk relatively long, Small siz 皂， spindle to clav益 te shaped, sol- slender. Spermathecal duct also slender. A結atomy of Hem 如haedusa simílaris and H. pseudosheridani 45 Spermatheca long oval in shape , more whitish. formation and reproductive system which had Length of diverticulum was same as the com 勵 lon孟er vagi訓， longer spermathecal stalk 訟d bined lengths of spermatheca and spermath齡在l diverticulun that ís same length as the com­ duc t.了wo ovas are found at spermoviduct bined len草ths of spermatheca and spermathec誰 i without e訟bryo(刊g. 3B, Table 2). duct. Hence var. ventriosa 益。uld be the unique species “紅 pseudosheridani" . R.adula: R在dula ribbon was carrying 76 rows of Acknowledgement teeth. The radular formula is 17+C+ 17. Lateral teeth transformed into more ob1ique and lon孟 cuspid startin墨 from the 7th tooth (Fìg. 4B). 1 am grateful to 仙. Wen-chun萃的lang for presenting of specimens and Prof. T. Hab 日， M r. Remarks K. Mae 血， Mr. M. Kaw 在na for providing various One kìnd of sma\l clausiliid snail from references and suggestions for this study. southern Taiwan which was identified as Hemiphaedusa sheridani by Schmacker and References 日創 tger (1 891) was corrected as Hemiphaedusa pseudosheridani by the same authors later but without descrìption. Other while among the Ad在 ms ， H. 1866. ，。“ cription of fifteen new clausilíids from southern Taiwan, Kuroda 勻的 ies of land and fresh water shells from (l941) identified míddle sized 0 bese one Formo泊， collected by Robert Swinhoe. as Hem學haedusa similaris (日. Adams) 在nd Es午， Consul at Taiwan in that island. smaller, slender one as Hemiphaedusa sheridani Proc. Zoo. Soc. London p. 316. (Pfeiffer). For the latter one Zilch (1 954) Burch, J. B. 196 丘， Chromosome number and firstly described as Euphaedusa pseudosheri­ systematics in euthyneuran snails. Proc. dani. Afterward Pseudosheridani was placed 1st. Europe. Malacol. Congr. 1962. 215 … under tÍle genus Hemiphaedusa by Kuroda 241. (1 955). Sìmultaneously Kuroda sug酷的ted that Kuroda, T. 194 卜， A catalogue of molluscan the dwarf type of Hemiphaedusa similaris shells , from τaiwan (Formos吵 with des­ ventriosa is 在 synonym of H. pseudosheridani. cription of new species. Mem. Fac. Sci. The specimens presented here were consi泣ered Agr., Taihoku.lmp. Univ. , 22:65-216. 的 Hem伊haedusa pseudosheridani (Zilch) by Kuroda, T. 1955. About “Zi1ch, A. Die Typen a presence of a sma\l obese spìndle shaped she\l, und Typoide des Nàturmuseums Sencken­ sha\low suture, "J" shaped palatal armature, berg. 12: Mollusca, Clausiliidae (1): Ph餘， deeply seated, weak inferíor lamella and nar- dusína皂， Neninae. Archiv 舟r Mollusken. row, funnel sh在ped peristome. kunde... Bd. 83, Nr. .13:1… 63, pls, 1-4 Presented tweleve specimens, $0 called as (1 5. Apr. 1954). Venus , 18(4):3 1O. the dwarf type of H. similaris ventriosa allied Lo , C. T. & Chang, K. M 罵 1975. ， Chromosom 居 to 挂 nother presented specìes; 丘 similaris in numbers of some c1ausiliid snails from shape, color of the shell and palatal armature. Taiw 在工1. Bull. Chín. Malacol. Soc. 2:95- But differed from the latter not only in shell 101 size , also in shell characters such 在 s finer Schm 在 ck缸， V. B. & Bδttger ， O. 189 1.、 Neue oblique striae of the surface, rather sharpened M在 teriallen zur charakteristik und geogra­ clausí1ium apex with callus nodule, notch phischen Verbreitun惡 chinesischer und 46 Kuan耐minChang japanischer Binnenmollllsken Il. Natur. Bl. Natllr-mllsellm Senckenberg. 12: Mollllsca, Malakozoo. Gesell. 話 :171-173. Clausiliidae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On a Collection of Peruvian Neniinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Clausiliidae), with a Check-List and a Provisional Key to All the Peruvian Species Known
    ON A COLLECTION OF PERUVIAN NENIINAE (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: CLAUSILIIDAE), WITH A CHECK-LIST AND A PROVISIONAL KEY TO ALL THE PERUVIAN SPECIES KNOWN by F. E. LOOSJES and A. C. W. LOOSJES-VAN BEMMEL Loosjes, F. E., & A. C. W. Loosjes-van Bemmel: On a collection of Peruvian Nenuiinae (Mollus- ca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae), with a check-list and a provisional key to all the Peruvian species known. Zool. Verh. Leiden 212, 5-ix-1984: 1-38, figs. 1-15, —ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: Mollusca; Clausiliidae; key; checklist; taxonomy; Peru. An annotated list is given of all Neniinae collected in 1975 by Dr. A. S. H. Breure in Peru. The localities that have been visited are also listed, together with the Neniinae collected there. Pseudo- gracilinenia gen. nov. is described for P. huallagana (Pilsbry, 1949) (type-species) and P.jolyi (O. Boettger, 1880); the latter species is only tentatively classified with Pseudogracilinenia because its anatomy is still unknown. Temesa (T.) breurei spec. nov. after eight specimens (shells) from 34 km N. of Junin. In addition a provisional key to all Peruvian Neniinae known is given, as well as a revised checklist. F. E. Loosjes & A. C. W. Loosjes-van Bemmel, Vossenlaan 4, 6705 CE Wageningen, The Ne- therlands. CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. The collection 4 II-1. List of localities, with species/subspecies collected 4 II-2. Species and subspecies 6 III. Provisional key to the Peruvian Neniinae, based on shell characters 17 IV. Revised list of Peruvian Neniinae 35 V. References 38 I. INTRODUCTION In 1975 Dr. A.
    [Show full text]
  • Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) Snails: Histology and Observations
    Vita Malacologica 13: 35-48 20 December 2015 Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) snails: histology and observations Renate A. HELWERDA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands email: [email protected] Key words: Predation, predatory snails, drilling holes, radula, pedal gland, sole gland, acidic mucus ABSTRACT The Mediterranean species occur in rather dry, often rocky habitats, which are openly to sparsely vegetated. The predatory behaviour of Poiretia snails is studied. One However, they also occur in anthropogenically affected areas aspect of this behaviour is the ability to make holes in the such as gardens and parks (Kittel, 1997). The snails are main - shells of prey snails. The radula and the histology of the ly active at night and are hidden away under rocks and leaf mucous glands support the assumption that Poiretia secretes litter during the day, although they can also be found crawling acidic mucus to produce these holes. Observation of a around during daytime if the weather is rainy or cloudy and Poiretia compressa (Mousson, 1859) specimen yielded the moist (Wagner, 1952; Maassen, 1977; Kittel, 1997). During insight that its activities relied on the availability of moisture the hot summer months, Poiretia snails aestivate by burying and not on light conditions. It preyed on a wide range of snail themselves in soil or under rocks and sealing their apertures species, but only produced holes in shells when the aperture with an epiphragm (Kittel, 1997). was blocked. It usually stabbed its prey with a quick motion Poiretia snails prey on a wide variety of pulmonate snails.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species and New Genus of Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) from South-Eastern Hubei, China
    Folia Malacol. 29(1): 38–42 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.004 A NEW SPECIES AND NEW GENUS OF CLAUSILIIDAE (GASTROPODA: STYLOMMATOPHORA) FROM SOUTH-EASTERN HUBEI, CHINA ZHE-YU CHEN1*, KAI-CHEN OUYANG2 1School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-8906 2College of Horticulture & Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, China *corresponding author ABSTRACT: A new clausiliid species, in a newly proposed genus, Probosciphaedusa mulini gen. et sp. nov. is described from south-eastern Hubei, China. The new taxon is characterised by having thick and cylindrical apical whorls, a strongly expanded lamella inferior and a lamella subcolumellaris that together form a tubular structure at the base of the peristome, and a dorsal lunella connected to both the upper and the lower palatal plicae. Illustrations of the new species are provided. KEY WORDS: new species, new genus, systematics, Phaedusinae, central China INTRODUCTION In the past decades, quite a few authors have con- south-eastern Hubei, which is rarely visited by mala- ducted research on the systematics of the Chinese cologists or collectors, and collected some terrestrial Clausiliidae. Their research hotspots were mostly molluscs. Among them, a clausiliid was identified located in southern China, namely the provinces as a new genus and new species, and its respective Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi descriptions and illustrations are presented herein. and parts of Guangdong and Hubei, which have a Although some molecular phylogenetic studies have rich malacofauna (GREGO & SZEKERES 2011, 2017, focused on the Phaedusinae in East Asia (MOTOCHIN 2019, 2020, HUNYADI & SZEKERES 2016, NORDSIECK et al.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETIN of the FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Biological Sciences
    BULLETIN of the FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Biological Sciences VOLUME 29 1983 NUMBER 3 NON-MARINE MOLLUSKS OF BORNEO II PULMONATA: PUPILLIDAE, CLAUSILIIDAE III PROSOBRANCHIA: HYDROCENIDAE, HELICINIDAE FRED G. THOMPSON AND S. PETER DANCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, are published at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. OLIVER L. AUSTIN, JR., Editor RHODA J . BRYANT, Managing Editor Consultants for this issue: JOHN B. BURCH WILLIAM L. PRATT Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor, Bulletin; Florida State Museum; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A. Copyright © by the Florida State Museum of the University of Florida This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $3,040.00 or $3.04 per copy. It makes available to libraries, scholars, and allinterested persons the results of researches in the natural sciences, emphasizing the circum-Caribbean region. Publication dates: 8-15-83 Price: 3.10 NON-MARINE MOLLUSKS OF BORNEO II PULMONATA: PUPILLIDAE, CLAUSILIIDAE III PROSOBRANCHIA: HYDROCENIDAE, HELICINIDAE FRED G. THOMPSON AND S. PETER DANCEl ABSTRACT: The Bornean land snails of the families Pupillidae, Clausiliidae, Hydrocenidae, and Helicinidae are reviewed based on collections from38 localities in Sarawak and Sabah and on previous records from the island. The following species are recorded: PUPILLIDAE- Pupisoma orcula (Benson), Costigo putuiusculum (Issel) new combination, Costigo molecul- ina Benthem-Jutting, Nesopupa moreleti (Brown), N. malayana Issel; Boysidia (Dasypupa) salpimf new subgenus and species, B.
    [Show full text]
  • The 25Th Polish Malacological Seminar
    Vol. 17(2): 73–99 THE 25TH POLISH MALACOLOGICAL SEMINAR SEMINAR REPORT Wearenow 25 yearsold! Well,not theAssociation were there. It also advertised 27 posters, many of as such (it was established in 1995), but the tradition which somehow failed to arrive but instead there were of organising Seminars certainly is. The 25th Seminar two last-minuteposters(thus not in theprogramme was held (and thus the anniversary celebrated) from and theAbstract Book). Both thenon-materialised April 21st till Aptril 24th, in Boszkowo near Leszno. posters and the extra posters are included in the ab- We seem to be oscillating between two extremes: last stracts below. A special committee judged presenta- year we went to Gdynia – a big city, this year – to tions of young malacologists. Theaward for thebest Boszkowo. It is a littlevillagenearLeszno(and for poster was won by DOMINIKA MIERZWA (Museum and those who do not know their geography, Leszno is not Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, War- far from Poznañ), on a lake. Boszkowo (presumably) saw) for her “Malacology and geology. Distribution of has somepeopleduringtheseasonbut whenwewere Cepaea vindobonensis and thegeologicalstructureof there, we seemed to be the only inhabitants, that is the substratum”. The best oral presentation award apart from thepeoplerunningour hoteland from went to ALEKSANDRA SKAWINA (Department of Pa- participants of some other conference. It was a very laeobiology and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, War- good arrangement, we felt as if we owned the place. saw University) for the “Experimental decomposition Theorganising institutions includedTheAssocia- of recent bivalves and mineralisation of gills of Trias- tion of Polish Malacologists, Adam Mickiewicz Univer- sic Unionoida”.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Mededelingen
    MINISTERIE VAN ONDERWIJS, KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN DEEL XXXV, No. 16 23 september 1957 ON A NEW ANDINIA (GASTROPODA, CLAUSILIIDAE) FROM PERU by F. E. LOOSJES Some time ago Prof. Dr. W. Weyrauch at Lima, Peru, sent to me speci- mens of a species of the subfamily Neniinae that proved to be new to science. Already about 70 species of the subfamily have become known from Peru, for an important part discovered by Prof. Weyrauch himself. Andinia (Ehrmanniella) flammulata spec. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis. A small, rather fusiform species of the subgenus Ehrmanniella Zilch. The decollated shell is provided with rather irregular fine white striae. Especially below the suture these striae are thickened, strikingly white, and arranged in groups of about 5 to 15 on low nodules. These nodules alternate with brown, quite smooth, malleated patches. At some distance it looks like small white and brown areas running obliquely over the surface of the shell below the suture. Lunella more or less interrupted below the middle. The 1 principal plica is only /4 whorl long. The receptaculum seminis and its duct unto the junction with the diverticulum are as long as the diverticulum itself. Description. The shell is decollate, somewhat fusiform, moderately strong, with rather convex whorls of which the penultimate is broadest. Whorls of the decollate shell 4 to 7; some shed tops (juvenile shells) with straight outlines consist of about 10 whorls; sculptured with low, but rather large nodules (which can be taken as corresponding with the upper parts of the obliquely running ribs of Polinski's Nenia wagneri1)) below the suture, provided with groups of about 5-15 clear white striae, between these nodules there are brown smooth patches, often running obliquely below the nodules; 1) „breite, niedrige, stumpfe und wulstartige Rippen, welche von links oben nach rechts unten verlaufen".
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of Natural History®
    -FLORIDA AA, 1 ICI:11 IAA s v' 0./ 4./ I..... 5 li I BULLETIN OF NATURAL HISTORY® NEW SOUTH AMERICAN CLAUSILIIDAE FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (GASTROPODA, CLAUSILIIDAE, NENIINAE) Eike Neubert and Hartmut Nordsieck Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 45-62 2005 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE The FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is Florida's state'museum of natural histbry, dedicatedto understanding, preserving„and ihte*reting biological diversity and cultural} heritage. The BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is a peer-reviewed publication that publishes the results oforiginal research in zoology, botany, paleontology, and archaeology. Address all inquiries to the Managing Editor of the Bulletin. Numbers of the But letin are publishedat irregular intervals. Specific volumes are not necessarily completed'in any one year. The end of a volume will be noted at the foot of the first page of the last issue in that volume. Richard Franz, Managing Editor Erika H. Simons, Production Bulletin Committee Richard Franz, Chairperson Ann Cordell Sarah Fazenbaker Richard Hulbert William Marquardt Susan Milbrath Irvy R. Quitmyer Scott Robinson, Ex o#icio Member ISSN: 0071-6154 Publication Date: December 15, 2005 Send communications concerni-ng purchase or exchange of the publication and manuscript queries to: Managing Editor of the BULLETIN Florida Museum ofNatural History University,ofFlorida PO Box 117800 Gainesville, FL 32611-7800.U.S.A. Phonet.352-392-1721 Fax: 3524846=0287 e-mail: [email protected] NEW SOUTH AMERICAN CLAUSILIIDAE FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (GASTROPODA, CLAUSILIIDAE, NENIINAE) Eike Neubert' and Hartmut Nordsiecle ABSTRACT The material described here contains 32 taxa of Neniinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptations of the Aperture in Terrestrial Gastropod-Pulmonate Shells
    ADAPTATIONS OF THE APERTURE IN TERRESTRIAL GASTROPOD-PULMONATE SHELLS by EDMUND GITTENBERGER (Institute of Evolutionaryand Ecological Sciences, P.O. Box 9516, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands) ABSTRACT In gastropod shells, the aperture is the most vulnerable part. Various structures evolved to minimize this local vulnerability. A systematic account of these structures is presented and discussed in an evolutionarycontext. In a marine environment,early in the evolution of the gastropods, the operculum is supposed to have originated as a door-like accessory to the shell aperture, protecting against predators. In amphibious species, it also functioned against desiccation. During the radiation of the pulmonate gastropods,the operculum got lost in most taxa. The pallial cavity, with a narrow pneumostome, evolved as a superior adaptation to terrestrial life. On land, a variety of aperture-obstructingstructures, like, e.g., the clausilium, also evolved among pulmonates. It is hypothesized that this was triggered later on in geological time, by the origin of small predatory animals that initially were lacking. The operculumcould not fulfil a function against predators anymore, because it had become obsolete already in these early pulmonates. The terrestrial prosobranch snails did not achieve an enclosed pallial cavity. Consequently,when they radiated on land, the operculum kept a vital function against desiccation and, later on, against predatory animals as well. This hypothetical scenario might explain the wealth of apertural structures in pulmonate shells, without an operculum, as compared to the relatively simple, roundish shell apertures of the always operculate terrestrial prosobranchs. KEYWORDS: adaptation, parallelism, convergence, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, operculum, shell. INTRODUCTION Gastropod shells are usually considered external skeletons that function mainly as a defense against predators and other environmental threats, like desiccation in terrestrial species.
    [Show full text]
  • (Six Species of Gastropods and One Species of Bivalve) of Korea
    한국자연보존연구지 19: 1-14 (2020) Descriptions of New Species and a New Record (Six Species of Gastropods and One Species of Bivalve) of Korea CHOI, Yong-Gun*․Gab-Man PARK** *The Korean Institute of Biospeleology, Daejeon 34225, Korea **Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea ABSTRACT Until recently, 23 species, 11 genera of Bradybaenidae and 6 species, 3 genera of Calusiliidae of gastropods were reported in Korea. Also, the Corbiculidae in bivalves have been reported six species of Korea so far. This paper describes six new species (Acusta despesta agada, Pseudobuliminus muleung, Koreanohadra kurodana formosa and Koreanohadra koreana jangdoensis of Bradybaenidae, Paganizaptyx miyanagai guryongsan of Calusiliidae, Corbicula amnis of Corbiculidae) and one new records (Holsingeria unthankensis of Hydrobiidae) from gastropods and bivalves collected in Korea. The detailed descriptions of these seven previously unreported species are provided. This paper described a new species and a new record collected from Korean peninsula based on the external morphological features, radula and genital structures. Key words: Gastropods, Bivalve, Bradybaenidae, Calusiliidae, Corbiculidae, new species, new record INTRODUCTION The mollusca are one of the great groups of the animal kingdom. Molluscs range from limpets clinging to the rocks, to snails which crawl or dig or swim, to bivalves which anchor or burrow or bore, to cephalo- pods which torpedo through the water or lurk watchfully on the bottom. They penetrate all habitats: the abysses of the sea, coral reefs, mudflats, deserts and forests, rivers, lakes and underground. They may be- come hidden as parasites in the interior of other animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Patency of Apertural Barriers in Clausiliids with Different Reproductive Strategies
    Folia Malacol. 26(3): 149–153 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.026.015 PATENCY OF APERTURAL BARRIERS IN CLAUSILIIDS WITH DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES ANNA SULIKOWSKA-DROZD1*, Michał Walczak2, MARCIN BINKOWSKI2 1Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]) 2X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland (e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]) *corresponding author ABSTRACT: We adopted X-ray microtomography images and the specially designed algorithm that mimics the movement of spherical object in the shell channel to compare apertural barriers of two closely related clausiliid species with well documented reproductive strategies. For oviparous Laciniaria plicata, the patency of the shell channel was 0.60 mm (SD 0.09) at the ultimate whorl; 18.0% in relation to shell width. For viviparous Alinda biplicata, the patency of the shell channel was 1.24 mm (SD 0.06) at the ultimate whorl; 31.8% in relation to shell width. In the studied species, the patency of the shell channel differs significantly at the ultimate whorl, while at the penultimate whorl it is in both cases close to 43%. The technique applied in this study can be useful for analysing apertural patency in any gastropod species that develops a complex protective shell armature. KEY WORDS: shell armature, Gastropoda, land snails, viviparity, X-ray microcomputed tomography INTRODUCTION Door-snails (Clausiliidae) have developed a adopted to analyse and quantify the internal shell unique system of apertural barriers in the ultimate armature in door-snails in relation to their repro- shell whorl (NORDSIECK 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • MOLLUSCAN FORUM 2011 ABSTRACTS…...…………3 to 16 VERÓNICA NÚÑEZ: XXII Encontro Brasileiro De Malacologia RESEARCH GRANT REPORTS: (EBRAM)
    Number 58 (February 2012) The Malacologist Page 1 NUMBER 58 FEBRUARY 2012 TRAVEL GRANT REPORTS: Contents th EDITORIAL ………………………………...………….…... 2 FERNANDO ANEIROS : 6 Congress of the European Malacological SocietiesVitoria-Gasteiz (Spain), 18-22 July 011 .......................25 MOLLUSCAN FORUM 2011 ABSTRACTS…...…………3 to 16 VERÓNICA NÚÑEZ: XXII Encontro Brasileiro de Malacologia RESEARCH GRANT REPORTS: (EBRAM). 4 - 8 September 2011, Fortaleza, Brazil..................26 MAX MALISKA: Evolution of different modes of development in IN MEMORIAM Littorina: a molecular phylogenetic approach……………….….17 W L Paraense........................................................................26 MAGDELENA MARZEC: Microhabitat preferences of co-existing forest Clausiliidae.........................................................................20 George Crawford..................................................................27 CONOR D WILSON, GARETH ARNOTT & ROBERT ELWOOD: Pear GRANTS AND AWARDS..............................................................31 mussels show plasticity of responses to different predation risks FORTHCOMING MEETINGS ……………………………...….. 32 but also show consistent differences in responsiveness ............23 PUBLICATIONS AND ACCESS......................................................33 NEWS OF PUBLICATIONS..............................PAGES 16, 24, 25, 34, SOCIETY NOTICES …………………………………….…........34 SOCIETY AWARDS AND GRANTS ………………………..........35 CONFERENCE—MOLLUSCAN LIFE CYCLES..................................36 AGM NOMINATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • MALACOLOGICA ISSN 1506-7629 the Association of Polish Malacologists & Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznañ 2009
    FOLIA Vol. 17(2): 73–99 MALACOLOGICA ISSN 1506-7629 The Association of Polish Malacologists & Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznañ 2009 doi:10.2478/v10125-009-0012-1 THE 25TH POLISH MALACOLOGICAL SEMINAR SEMINAR REPORT We are now 25 years old! Well, not the Association were there. It also advertised 27 posters, many of as such (it was established in 1995), but the tradition which somehow failed to arrive but instead there were of organising Seminars certainly is. The 25th Seminar two last-minute posters (thus not in the programme was held (and thus the anniversary celebrated) from and the Abstract Book). Both the non-materialised April 21st till Aptril 24th, in Boszkowo near Leszno. posters and the extra posters are included in the ab- We seem to be oscillating between two extremes: last stracts below. A special committee judged presenta- year we went to Gdynia – a big city, this year – to tions of young malacologists. The award for the best Boszkowo. It is a little village near Leszno (and for poster was won by DOMINIKA MIERZWA (Museum and those who do not know their geography, Leszno is not Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, War- far from Poznañ), on a lake. Boszkowo (presumably) saw) for her “Malacology and geology. Distribution of has some people during the season but when we were Cepaea vindobonensis and the geological structure of there, we seemed to be the only inhabitants, that is the substratum”. The best oral presentation award apart from the people running our hotel and from went to ALEKSANDRA SKAWINA (Department of Pa- participants of some other conference.
    [Show full text]