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1 Cacao Criollo
CACAO CRIOLLO: SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA GASTRONOMÍA, EL TURISMO, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y ALGUNAS PREPARACIONES A BASE DE SUS RESIDUOS Natali López Mejía1, Javier Alejandro Duarte Giraldo2, Jhan Carlos Nino Polo3, Yeimy Alexandra Rozo Betancourt4, Jhon Alejandro Huerfano Calderon5 y Juan Carlos Posso Gomez6 Revista de Institución 1Docente investigadora del programa de Tecnología en Gastronomía, Facultad de Turismo, Arte, Comunicación y Cultura, Universitaria Agustiniana, Ak. 86 #11b-95, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Patrimonio y Desarrollo Colombia, e-mail: [email protected]. 2Docente coordinador de alimentos y bebidas del programa de Tecnología en Gastronomía, Confederación Panamericana de Facultad de Arte, Comunicación y Cultura, Universitaria Agustiniana, Ak. 86 #11b-95, Bogotá, Escuelas de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, e-mail: [email protected] Hotelería, Gastronomía y 2Estudiante del programa de Tecnología en Gastronomía, Facultad de Arte, Comunicación y Turismo Cultura, Universitaria Agustiniana, Ak. 86 #11b-95, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, e-mail: (CONPEHT). [email protected] www.conpeht- 3Estudiante del programa de Tecnología en Gastronomía, Facultad de Arte, Comunicación y turpade.com Cultura, Universitaria Agustiniana, Ak. 86 #11b-95, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, e-mail: ISSN: 2448-6809 [email protected] Publicación 4Estudiante del programa de Tecnología en Gastronomía, Facultad de Arte, Comunicación y semestral Cultura, Universitaria Agustiniana, Ak. 86 #11b-95, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, -
Chocolatiers and Chocolate Experiences in Flanders & Brussels
Inspiration guide for trade Chocolatiers and Chocolate Experiences IN FLANDERS & BRUSSELS 1 We are not a country of chocolate. We are a country of chocolatiers. And chocolate experiences. INTRODUCTION Belgian chocolatiers are famous and appreciated the world over for their excellent craftmanship and sense of innovation. What makes Belgian chocolatiers so special? Where can visitors buy a box of genuine pralines to delight their friends and family when they go back home? Where can chocolate lovers go for a chocolate experience like a workshop, a tasting or pairing? Every day, people ask VISITFLANDERS in Belgium and abroad these questions and many more. To answer the most frequently asked questions, we have produced this brochure. It covers all the main aspects of chocolate and chocolate experiences in Flanders and Brussels. 2 Discover Flanders ................................................. 4 Chocolatiers and shops .........................................7 Chocolate museums ........................................... 33 Chocolate experiences: > Chocolate demonstrations (with tastings) .. 39 > Chocolate workshops ................................... 43 > Chocolate tastings ........................................ 49 > Chocolate pairings ........................................ 53 Chocolate events ................................................ 56 Tearooms, cafés and bars .................................. 59 Guided chocolate walks ..................................... 65 Incoming operators and DMC‘s at your disposal .................................74 -
Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain
Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain July 2018 Prepared by Danny Hamrick and Karina Fernandez-Stark Duke Global Value Chains Center, Duke University Global Value Chains Center This research was prepared by the Duke University Global Value Chains Center on behalf of the Organization of American States (OAS). This study is part of the establishment of Small Business Development Centers in the Caribbean. The report is based on both primary and secondary information sources. In addition to interviews with firms operating in the sector and supporting institutions, the report draws on secondary research and information sources. The project report is available at www.gvcc.duke.edu. Acknowledgements The Duke University Global Value Chains Center would like to thank all of the interviewees, who gave generously of their time and expertise, as well as Renee Penco of the Organization of American States (OAS) for her extensive support. The Duke University Global Value Chain Center undertakes client-sponsored research that addresses economic and social development issues for governments, foundations and international organizations. We do this principally by utilizing the global value chain (GVC) framework, created by Founding Director Gary Gereffi, and supplemented by other analytical tools. As a university- based research center, we address clients’ real-world questions with transparency and rigor. www.gvcc.duke.edu. Duke Global Value Chain Center, Duke University © July 2018 i Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................... -
History of Chocolate
History of Chocolate Chocolate comes from fermented, roasted, and ground beans of the Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree). This latin name means "food of the gods”. When mixed with water, chili peppers, cornmeal, and other ingredients, this paste made a foamy, spicy chocolate drink. The first people clearly known to have discovered the secret of cacao were the Mayans in Mexico in Central America called Mesoamerica. The Mayans took the tree from the rainforest and grew it in their backyards, where they harvested, roasted, and ground the seeds into a paste. By 1400, the Aztec empire took over a sizeable part of Mesoamerica. The Aztecs traded with Mayans and other people for cacao and often needed that citizens and conquered people pay their TAX tribute in cacao seeds—a form of Aztec money. The word "chocolate" is from Spanish language of the Aztecs, from "chocolatl" means a bitter drink and came from the word for the frothing stick, "chicoli". The Aztec Indian Xocoatl beverage of maize and cacao. Legend has it that the Aztec king Montezuma welcomed the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes’ with a banquet that included drinking chocolate, having tragically mistaken him for a King. Christopher Columbus brought some cocoa beans to show Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, but it was Spanish friars who imported it to Europe during the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs. The Europeans added sugar and milk to counteract the bitterness and removed chili pepper, replacing it with another indigenous Mexican spice, vanilla In 1689, noted physician and collector Hans Sloane developed a milk chocolate drink in Jamaica which was later sold to the Cadbury brothers. -
Seeds and Plants
r. i. -20. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. SECTION OF SKKI) AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. INVENTORY NO. 8. SEEDS AND PLANTS, IMI'ORTED FOR DISTRIBUTION IN COOPERATION WITH THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. NUMBE11S 3401-4350. 10183—00 1 INVENTORY OF FOREIGN SEEDS AND PLANTS. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. This inventory or catalogue of seeds and plants includes a number of exceptionally valuable items collected by the Agricultural Explorers of the Section of Seed and Plant Introduction. There is an interest- ing and valuable series of economic plants of the most varied uses procured by the Hon. Harbour Lathrop, of Chicago, assisted by Mr. David G. Fairchild. Mr. W. T. Swingle has continued his work in Algeria, Sicily, and Turkey, and this list contains many of his impor- tations. There are also a number of donations from various sources, and a few seeds purchased directly from the growers. The following importations represent perhaps the most valuable of the many interesting novelties here described: Mr. Swingle's col- lection of improved varieties of the date palm, procured in Algeria; a collection of spineless cacti from the Argentine Republic secured by Messrs. Lathrop and Fairchild, which may become valuable forage plants in the arid Southwest; genge clover, a leguminous forage crop and green manure which is grown in the rice fields of Japan as a winter soil cover and fertilizer; a collection of broad beans from England, this vegetable being practically unknown in the United States, although extensively used in Europe and on the Continent; a new seedless raisin grape from Italy for the raisin growers of California and Arizona; a little sample of wheat from Peru, donated by Dr. -
2013 Chocolate Classic in Harbor Country!
2013 Chocolate Classic in Harbor Country! Baroda Founders Wine Cellar 8963 Hills Rd Baroda, MI 49101 Ph. 269.426.5222 www.founderswinecellar.com Friday, February, 8, 2013 at 7:30pm Spend an evening with us, tasting seven Baroda Founders wines paired with Vineyards Gourmet Chocolates. Tickets are $30 per couple and includes a complimentary bottle of First Kiss , a delicious red wine with dark chocolate and raspberry flavoring, or Smorleaux , a Merlot with milk chocolate and marshmallow flavors. Yum! Please call for reservations. Basically Bedrooms 211 S Whittaker St New Buffalo, MI 49117 Ph. 269.231.5090 www.basicallybedrooms.com Saturday-Sunday, February 8-9, 2013 Stop in for chocolate martinis and see how our unique selection of beautiful bedding, furnishings and decorative pillows can enhance the comforts of your home. We also carry sleep wear, gift items and jewelry. Buchanan Art Center 117 W Front St Buchanan, MI 49107 Ph. 269.697.4005 www.buchananartcenter.org Saturday, February 9, 2013, 10am-4pm Chocolate Day at BAC. Learn about the history of chocolate, make a chocolate Valentine, decorate cupcakes, sample a chocolate fountain! Enjoy the Chocolate bake sale and baking contest. Lots of fun creative activities for all ages! Bid on Creative Valentine’s Day Gift Baskets. Admission:Free(small fee on some activities) Catherine Doll Fashion for Green Living 5844 Sawyer Rd Sawyer, MI 49125 Ph. 269.426.3958 www.catherinedoll.com Saturday, February 9, 2013 Open house and delicious soap! Hot chocolate will be served along with samples of our own, made-on-the-premise Chocolate mint soap. -
The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America
Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52, 000 – 000 DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200700264 1 Review The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America Deanna L. Pucciarelli and Louis E. Grivetti Nutrition Department, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA The medicinal use of chocolate has a long history in North America dating back to the 16th century. From Mesoamerican Codices and European Treatises scholars have determined that for hundreds of years the beverage called chocolate was administered to the sick and prescribed homeopathically to prevent illness. Yet, little scholarship exists that focuses on medicinal chocolate usage in early North America (18th–19th century). This paper examines medical practices during this era and associated medicinal norms with special attention given to chocolate/cocoa usage. Given the current scientific attention on the relationship between dark chocolate consumption and heart disease attenuation it is timely to investigate and chronicle America's medical forebears’ understanding of, and practices related to, the medicinal use of chocolate. Indeed, there is a significant amount of literature to suggest that chocolate was used for wellness and to treat illness. Keywords: Chocolate / Cocoa / Food history / Foods for health / History of medicine / Received: July 9, 2007; accepted: January 2, 2008 1 Introduction Yet, for the better part of the 20th century, and certainly after the 1930s, the consumption of chocolate shifted in the I felt my Self [sic.] very unwell and derected [sic.] a little United States from medicinal to confectionary. Over the Chocolate which Mr. McClellen gave us, prepared of which past decade laboratory research has indicated positive rela- I drank about a pint and found great relief at 11 A.M. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,616,963 B1
USOO6616963B1 (12) UnitedO States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,616,963 B1 Zerby et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Sep. 9, 2003 (54) LAMINATED CANDY PRODUCTS MADE BY 4,847,090 A 7/1989 Della Posta et al. ........ 424/440 AN EXTRUSION PROCESS 4,851.247 A 7/1989 Greenhouse et al. ........ 426/250 4,858,524 A 8/1989 Simelunas et al. ......... 99/450.2 (75) Inventors: Christine Zerby, Marengo, OH (US); 4,878,425. A 11/1989 Butcher et al. ... 99/450.2 Ronald Paul Duffell MacDonald, 2Y- - -2 ... A lso St.TOTT . .Jr. .et . al.. ........... ... Marysville, OH (US); Brian Makela, 4,911,937. A 3/1990 Crosello et al. ............ 426/103 Dublin, OH (US) 4,913,645. A 4/1990 Daouse et al. ..... ... 425/150 4923,706 A 5/1990 Binley et al. ............... 426/516 (73) Assignee: Nestec S.A., Vevey (CH) 4,932,317. A 6/1990 Hoormann ................. 99/450.2 4.949,630 A 8/1990 Knebl ......................... 99/450 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,000,969 A 3/1991 Beer .... ... 426/101 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,035,905 A 7/1991 Knebl .. ... 426/284 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,073,389 A 12/1991 Weinecke ....... ... 426/103 5,087.464 A 2/1992 Eberhardt et al. .......... 426/231 This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- 5,126,157 A 6/1992 Burwell et al. ............. 426/515 claimer. 5,194.283 A 3/1993 Dupas et al. ............... 426/582 5,437,879 A 8/1995 Kabse et al. -
Copyrighted Material
k CHAPTER 1 History, origin and taxonomy of cocoa 1.1 Introduction Chocolate is derived from the cocoa bean, which is obtained from the fruit of the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao (Linnaeus). The term ‘Cocoa’ is a corruption of the word ‘Cacao’ that is taken directly from Mayan and Aztec languages. It is indigenous to Central and South America and believed to have originated from the Amazon and Orinoco valleys. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important agricultural export commodities in the world and forms the back- bone of the economies of some countries in West Africa, South America and South-East Asia. It is the leading foreign exchange earner and a great source of income for many families in most of the world’s developing countries. In Ghana, cocoa is the second highest foreign exchange earner and an estimated 1 million farmers and their families depend on it for their livelihood (Afoakwa, 2014). Currently, in 2016, cocoa is cultivated on an estimated land size of 8 million k k hectares in the tropics and secures the livelihoods of about 50 million people globally. More than 8 million of them are mainly smallholder farmers with an average farm size of just 3–4 hectares and an average family size of eight. Of these, some 1.5 million are within West Africa, the most important cocoa-growing region. Such families frequently live exclusively on cocoa farming and processing and are thus dependent mainly on cocoa for their livelihoods. Hence the eco- nomic importance of cocoa cannot be over-emphasized and the current global market value of annual cocoa crop is over $8.1 billion (World Cocoa Foundation, 2014). -
Cross-Sectional Survey of the Amount of Sugar and Energy in Chocolate Confectionery Sold in the UK in 1992 and 2017
nutrients Article Cross-Sectional Survey of the Amount of Sugar and Energy in Chocolate Confectionery Sold in the UK in 1992 and 2017 Kawther M. Hashem *, Feng J. He, Sarah A. Alderton and Graham A. MacGregor Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)20-7882-6219 Received: 20 June 2019; Accepted: 31 July 2019; Published: 3 August 2019 Abstract: The study aimed to compare the sugar (1992, 2017) and energy (2017) content of chocolate confectionery available in the UK between 1992 and 2017 using cross-sectional surveys. All major UK retailers operating at the time were included. Sugar content in 1992 was obtained from a booklet and sugar and energy content from 2017 were collected from product packaging in-store. In 1992, the average sugar content of chocolate confectionery was 46.6 10.3 g/100 g and in 2017 it was ± 47.3 12.1 g/100 g. Sugar content ranged from 0.5 to 75.2 g/100g, with large variations between ± different categories of chocolate and within the same category of chocolate. There were 23 products found in both 1992 and 2017. The average sugar content per 100 g for these products was 44.6 9.4 g ± in 1992 and 54.7 6.3 g in 2017, representing a 23% increase in sugar content (p < 0.001). The results ± show that the sugar content of chocolate confectionery has increased since 1992, which is concerning. -
WO 2012/041631 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date n Λ 5 April 2012 (05.04.2012) WO 2012/041631 Al (51) International Patent Classification: [CN/US]; 4012 Linkwood Road, Apartment D, Baltimore, A23G 1/00 (2006.01) A23G 1/52 (2006.01) Maryland 212 10 (US). ZHU, Shiping [GB/GB]; Unilever A23G 1/36 (2006.01) R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, Bedford Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ (GB). (21) International Application Number: PCT/EP201 1/065 105 (74) Agent: HUGOT, Alain, Eric, Philippe; Unilever PLC, Unilever Patent Group, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, (22) International Filing Date: Bedford Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ (GB). 1 September 201 1 (01 .09.201 1) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every English (25) Filing Language: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (26) Publication Langi English AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (30) Priority Data: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, 10183814.2 30 September 2010 (30.09.2010) EP HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (71) Applicant (for AE, AG, AU, BB, BH, BW, BZ, CA, CY, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, EG, GB, GD, GH, GM, IE, IL, KE, KN, LC, LK, LS, MT, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, MW, MY, NA, NG, NZ, OM, PG, QA, RW, SC, SD, SG, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, SL, SZ, TT, TZ, UG, VC, ZA, ZM, Z W only): UNILEVER RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, PLC [GB/GB]; a company registered in England and TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, Wales under company no. -
Cacao in Eastern Guatemala––A Sacred Tree with Ecological Significance
Environ Dev Sustain (2006) 8:597–608 DOI 10.1007/s10668-006-9046-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Cacao in Eastern Guatemala––a sacred tree with ecological significance J. Kufer Æ N. Grube Æ M. Heinrich Received: 30 September 2004 / Accepted: 24 October 2005 / Published online: 2 August 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Since at least 600 BC, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has occupied a place of cultural importance in Mesoamerica. In many Maya groups its importance as a ritual food plant is second only to maize (Zea mays L.). The Ch’orti’ Maya and their culturally non-indigenous Ladino neighbours in Eastern Guatemala continue to use cacao for culinary and ceremonial purposes. Of particular importance are cacao uses in Ch’orti’ rain ceremonies, which are strongly connected to local environmental knowledge. The protection of cacao as a sacred tree may help to limit slash-and-burn maize agriculture to sustainable levels. Keywords Agrarian rituals Æ Ch’orti’ Maya Æ Ethnobotany Æ Theobroma cacao Æ Spiritual ecology Æ Zea mays Introduction Cacao in Mesoamerica Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has been consumed in Mesoamerica since at least 600 BC (Hurst, Taraka, Powis, Valdez & Hester, 2002, Powis, Valdez, Hester, Hurst & Taraka, 2002). The fact that cacao residues have been identified in precious vessels deposited in Maya burials dating from the Pre-Classic period (900 BC–250 AD), as J. Kufer (&) Æ M. Heinrich Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK e-mail: [email protected] M.