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Études Canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies Revue interdisciplinaire des études canadiennes en France 74 | 2013 Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux Canadian Memory/Memories Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eccs/194 DOI : 10.4000/eccs.194 ISSN : 2429-4667 Éditeur Association française des études canadiennes (AFEC) Édition imprimée Date de publication : 10 juillet 2013 ISSN : 0153-1700 Référence électronique Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013, « Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 10 juillet 2014, consulté le 05 octobre 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/eccs/194 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/eccs.194 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 5 octobre 2020. AFEC 1 Ce volume n°74 publie une série d’articles présentés au colloque de l’Association Française d’Etudes Canadiennes qui s’est tenu à l’université Rennes II en juin 2013 sur le thème « Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux ». Les organisateurs du colloque Marc Bergère, Hélène Harter, Catherine Hinault, Eric Pierre et Jean-François Tanguy rappellent en introduction la problématique qui avait réuni de nombreux chercheurs européens et canadiens. Pour ce volume, le comité scientifique a sélectionné sept articles apportant un éclairage récent sur le sujet de la mémoire, sous l’angle de la littérature anglophone et francophone du Canada. Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 2 SOMMAIRE Avant-propos Françoise Le Jeune Articles Introduction « Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux » Hélène Harter Représentations de la mémoire comme don et partage dans l’imaginaire de la distance chez Gabrielle Roy et Mona Latif Ghattas Maria-Bernadette Porto Cheminements de la mémoire de Québec dans Les Fossoyeurs d’André Lamontagne Marion Kühn Enjeux et perspectives de la représentation d’une mémoire caribéenne dans le roman caribéen-canadien anglophone des années 2000 Rodolphe Solbiac Les enjeux de la mémoire du pays natal chez Nancy Huston Vanessa Massoni da Rocha (Re)Constructing Memory with “Imagination’s Invisible Ink” in Carol Shields’ The Stone Diaries Armelle Parey Robert Kroetsch and Archival Culture in the Canadian Long Poem Fiona McMahon Les après-guerres en littérature québécoise et le bouleversement des consciences De Jean-Jules Richard à Rawi Hage Lucie Lequin Varia Functions and Mechanisms of Code-Switching in Bulgarian Canadians Diana Yankova et Irena Vassileva Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 3 Avant-propos Françoise Le Jeune 1 Ce volume n° 74 publie une série d’articles présentés au colloque de l’Association Française d’Etudes Canadiennes qui s’est tenu à l’université Rennes II en juin 2013 sur le thème « Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux ». Les organisateurs du colloque Marc Bergère, Hélène Harter, Catherine Hinault, Eric Pierre et Jean-François Tanguy rappellent en introduction la problématique qui avait réuni de nombreux chercheurs européens et canadiens. Pour ce volume, le comité scientifique a sélectionné sept articles apportant un éclairage récent sur le sujet de la mémoire, sous l’angle de la littérature anglophone et francophone du Canada. 2 Nous avons également choisi d’inclure dans ce numéro sous la rubrique « Varia », un article présentant le bilan d’une recherche en linguistique, de deux collègues bulgares qui travaillent sur le bilinguisme chez les immigrants bulgares au Canada. Le lien avec la mémoire semblait évident dans ce travail tant le concept de « code switching » utilisé ici, s’apparente à une mémoire de la langue seconde dans l’usage de la langue première et vice-versa. 3 Dans le corps du volume, plusieurs articles nous rappellent que le thème de la mémoire, de ses réécritures et de ses enjeux traversent l’histoire récente du Québec comme l’analysent ici Marion Kühn, Vanessa Massoni da Rocha, Maria-Bernadette Porto et Lucie Lequin à travers plusieurs romans et nouvelles d’auteurs québécois (André Lamontagne, Jean-Jules Richard, Mona Latif Ghattas) tandis que l’écrivaine canadienne francophone Nancy Huston cherche à retracer le chemin de son pays perdu au Canada. Mais de quelle mémoire s’agit-il ? D’une mémoire collective ou de la mémoire très personnelle de certains narrateurs revisitant et réécrivant ici leur passé proche ? Quant aux autres ils hésitent à se remémorer la violence d’une guerre ? 4 En littérature canadienne anglophone, selon les articles d’Armelle Parey et de Fiona McMahon, il apparaît que la mémoire peut-être textuelle dans les œuvres de Robert Kroetsch ou Carol Shields. Quant à Rodolphe Solbiac, il se penche sur l’exploration mémorielle à partir de textes qui contribuent à l’élaboration d’une conscience historique qui façonne les sociétés caribéennes installées au Canada dans les années 2000. Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 4 5 Le numéro 74 de la revue paraît avec un peu de retard et nous nous en excusons auprès de nos lecteurs. Il est livré avec le numéro 75 qui inaugure un cycle de numéros thématiques. Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 5 Articles Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 6 Introduction « Mémoire(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux » Hélène Harter 1 Les textes réunis dans ce volume 74 de la revue Etudes canadiennes – Canadian Studies sont issus du 41e colloque de l’AFEC que le Centre d’études canadiennes de l’université Rennes 2 a organisé à Rennes du 12 au 15 juin 2013 en partenariat avec le Centre d’études canadiennes de l’université d’Angers (CERPECA). Selon une tradition bien établie, il revient chaque année à un des centres d’études canadiennes qui composent le réseau français des Canadianistes de prendre en charge l’organisation scientifique et matérielle du colloque de l’AFEC. Cette année nous avons décidé d’innover en mettant en commun les forces de deux centres d’études canadiennes. Il était dès lors naturel d’associer à l’organisation de notre rendez-vous scientifique annuel le Centre de recherches historiques de l’Ouest (CERHIO), l’UMR du CNRS qui accueille plusieurs chercheurs des CECs de Rennes et d’Angers. La pluridisciplinarité de notre projet nous a permis de pouvoir aussi compter sur le soutien d’autres laboratoires rennais, tels ERIMIT, ACEC et PREFICS qui sont parties prenantes des activités du CEC de Rennes, mais également sur celui du conseil scientifique de l’université Rennes 2 comme en témoigne l’association de notre colloque à la journée internationale de la recherche de l’université consacrée au thème des « Mémoires(s) : construction, interprétation, enjeux ». Dans un souci d’internationalisation, nous avons également fait le choix d’associer à notre projet l’Institut d’études canadiennes de l’université d’Ottawa. 2 Phénomène social et culturel, la question de la mémoire a acquis une place centrale dans nos sociétés contemporaines depuis les années 1970. Elle s’est aussi imposée comme un objet d’étude de toute première importance. A la suite des travaux de Pierre Nora sur les « lieux de mémoire », de nombreuses recherches ont été entreprises sur les points d’ancrage matériels et immatériels des représentations collectives et à travers eux, sur les usages politiques du passé. Les travaux de Maurice Halbwachs sur les conditions sociales de production des souvenirs à l’échelle des individus et des groupes intermédiaires ont par ailleurs conduit les chercheurs a travaillé sur les acteurs sociaux de la mémoire. La montée des revendications mémorielles et la construction de la notion de « devoir de mémoire » à l’égard des victimes de discrimination ou d’oppression ont par ailleurs incité à une réflexion sur les moyens dont se dote une Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies, 74 | 2013 7 communauté pour gérer et dépasser les conflits nés du passé. On pense notamment aux travaux du philosophe Paul Ricoeur sur le pardon et l’oubli. Les recherches sur la mémoire empruntent aujourd’hui à l’histoire, à la civilisation, à la philosophie, à la littérature, à la sociologie, au droit ou encore à la science politique. Elles ne sont pas exclusives d’une discipline mais sont résolument pluridisciplinaires comme l’ont démontré de nombreuses communications présentées à Rennes. 3 A la fois objet et acteur de la réflexion, le Canada, constitue un prisme de premier choix pour le chercheur qui s’intéresse à la thématique de la mémoire. Les relations entre les provinces – en particulier le Québec – et le fédéral, les changements démographiques liés à l’immigration, les revendications des Premières Nations et des Métis, autant de sujets qui nourrissent les questionnements identitaires et avec eux les débats sur la mémoire ou plus exactement sur les mémoires dans une logique de concurrence des passés. Dès lors, il est intéressant de s’interroger sur la place des enjeux de mémoire dans le Canada contemporain. Quels événements du passé canadien ont fait mémoire et/ou commémoration ? Comment la mémoire du passé s’inscrit-elle dans les territoires ? Comment la mémoire est-elle convoquée au service de l’affirmation identitaire d’un groupe ou d’une communauté ? en s’appuyant sur quels vecteurs mémoriels ? Plus largement, quels usages sociaux et politiques du passé et de la mémoire fait-on au Canada ? 4 Le grand nombre de communications présentées lors du colloque et leur qualité ont conduit le comité d’organisation à mener deux projets de publication complémentaires, ce numéro 74 de la revue et un ouvrage collectif qui sera publié dans les prochains mois. Il s’intéressera plus spécifiquement aux questions liées aux lieux de mémoire, aux migrations et aux communautés ainsi qu’à la construction et à la transmission de la mémoire. Quant à ce numéro 74 de la revue il interroge les liens entre écritures littéraires et mémoire en mettant la littérature au cœur des réflexions. Il nous conduit du passé colonial à la modernité du Canada contemporain, de la littérature québécoise au roman caribéen-canadien anglophone, guidé par les œuvres de Nancy Huston, Carol Shields ou encore Robert Kroetsch.
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