VOLUME 58, NUMBEII I 53 liAL.L., J. P. W. D . J. H IIHV~Y & D . II. JIIILepidoptera). Ann. Entomol Soc. A",,,r, Center, Rue des GrillO/IS 1, CH·2800 DeMmont, HIIRVEY. D. J. 1987. The higher clas,ification of the lliodioidae Switzerltmd; C1Mil: [email protected] JASON P. W. (Lepidoptera). I'h.D. Dissertation. Uni,-ersity of Texas, Austin. H ALL, DepartmentojSystC11Ultic Biology-Entomology, JII1.,v" EN. D. H. & W. H"L.LWIICItS. 2003. I'hilooopby. na\igation and use of a dynamic datalJast: (·ACG Caterpillars SHNP") for an NatiO/wt Museum of Natural fJiston), Smithsonian 11,­ ill'-entoryof the macrocaterpillar fauna. and its food plants and stitution, Washington, DC 20560-012 7, USA; elMii: pal'3!litoid,. of the Area de Cons.:TVa

Journal u/ 'M I.qndopMris" Soci£ty 58( I ). 2004. s.:J--.M

IMMAT URE STACES OF AMPHlDECTA REYNOLDSI (NYMPHALIDAE : SAlYRINAE) Additional key wom s, Il.amboo feeders, PronophiJinL

Im lllllturt:! st age.~ of uutterA ies arc illC feasing ill im­ havior and development times for all stages, and head portance as sources of systematic characters, and often capsules and pupal casting were preserved (AVLF (.'QI­ give important cl ues 8.'i to the placcmcnt of species in lection). Taxonomic nomenclature follows Miller major groups (DeVries et al. 1985, Freitas et at 2()1}2). (1968) and Vilo ria (in p ress). The Satynnae genus Ampllideclo Butler, 1867 has been Descriptio n of enrly stngcs. Egg. Spherical; placed in the Pronophilini by Miller (1968), al though cream, without visible ridges or marks under the optic Vilo ria (2003, and in prt.>ss) removed the genus from this micros(.'(Jpc. Height l.0 mm, diameter 0.9 mm. Dura­ tribe without assigning it to any other group. The species tion: 5 days. in this genus differ from all other known Pmnophi lini in First insta r (Figs. 1,2). Head capsule light green morphology, habits and distributi on (Miller 1968, Viloria wilh a tnmsverse dark stripe in the front and a darker pers. (.'(JIll. ). with two species most common in Amw,.on­ area between the pai r of short scoli on vertex; five pairs ian lowlands, and a third species, A. reynoldsi Sharpe. of conspk"Uous pointed black setae (Fig. 2). Head cap­ 1890 (Fig. I), recorded from low to medium elevation sule \vidth 0.88 mm; head scoli 0. 12 mm. Body beige sites in the stales of Coi;\S, Malo Crosso, Mi nas Gerais, (light green after feeding), WI th short black setae; a Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina, and in the Distrito Fed­ pair of subdorsal while stripes and additionallongitu­ ent!, ill Bnl:li l. The habi tat of A. reynoldsi is ri parian for­ di nal red stripes (.'(J nspicuous 011 the last abdominal est (including the populations in the CeJTudo biome in segments; a pair of short caudal filaments on AIO. Goms, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Di:ltrito Fcdcml), Maximum lcngth 8.5 mm. Dumtion: 5 days. and dense rain forest (Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina). SCl'ond insta r. Head green with two long red di­ The present paper describes the early stages of verging seoli on vertex. Head capsule \vidth 1.16 mm; A. reynoldsi, (.'Qm paring them with those of other s(.'01i 1.4 mm. Body slender, light green with many lon­ known Pronophilini . gitudinal white stripes; caudal projections salmon. Study sites and m ethods. Adul ts of Amphidecta long, p..'Lrallel and fused. Maximum length 15 mm. Du­ reYrloklsi were studied in the field in two different lo­ ration: 4 days. cali ties in Sao Paulo State, SE Brazil: Montane forests T hird insta r. Head as in previous instar; width l.8 in Intervales Park, Sede (Capao Bonito, 900-11 00 m). mm, s(.'Qli 3.5 mm. Body slender. ligh t bluish green and in the riparian fores ts of Monte Mor (600-650 m). \vitll many longi tudinal white lines; caudal projections One fe rtile egg was expresse<1 from a very old wi ld salmon, long (similar to heHd scoli) paral lel and fused. caught female from Monte Mor 011 ]0 November 2002 Maximum length 25 mm. Duration: 6 days. (no additional eggs were fo und in the abdomen). The Fourth (last) instar (Fig. 1). Head green \vi th two lalva was reared in a plastic contai ner cleaned dai ly; IOllg divelging sl.;uli 011 vertex; tltese umwlt wi tll ulack fresh plant material was provided every two or three ti ps. Head capsule \vidth 2.67 mm; scoli 5.67 mm. days (following Frcitus l OCH). Data wcrc takcn on be- Body slender, light bluish green with many longitudi- 54 JOURN ... I. O F TEtE L EP I DOPTElIl~"S' SUCll"TY

FIG. I I'arti"ll;fe ')"C]" of A"'l'ilidcct" n"J,,,,Jd~i, First inslar: ... dorsal; h , lalcraL Fourth (lastl inSlar: c, dorsal; d, lateral. Pupa: c , );t'C;tlWIlS collect, ~ ! at Monte Mor, S~O I'aulu,) ArlLllllllale: f, v"ntral; g, dorsal (Ca p~") Bonito, Sao Paulo). nal while lines; spirades as well marked white circles; those of Eteorla tisiphone (Boisdllval), a Pronophilini caudal projections light green with salmon ends, long, butterfl y fro m the mountains of SE Brazil (Freitas rmrallcl and fused. i\-iHx:imuJl) lenbrth 38 mill. Dunltion: 2002). These include the general shape of larva and 8 days. The prcpupal larva is en ti rely green. and sus· pupa, and the fSatyrinae, including the pronopbi­ from Campinas. The larva ate part of the egg chorion lines in the genus Pedaliodes Butler, and relatives after hatching, and was very active in all instars. In ( ~iil1 er 1886, Pelz 1997, Viloria per.;. COI11 . , and Ull­ resting position, the laIVa usually lay along a bamUoo published data from 3 specie~ ) . More descriptions of leaf with the head towards the leaf apex., becoming Satyri nae immatures, especially pronophilines, to­ relatively inconspicuous. The rarely encountered gether with extensive comparisons among adults of adults arc known from large bamboo thickets. where most Neotropical genera, arc needed to clarify the sys­ tlley are alllac(eu to IlaJl:ula uails. tcmatic positioll uf A1IIpilitfecta witlJili the Slityrilllle. Discussion. Baseu on general aspect and habits. I would like 10 Ih,,,,k Dr. K" ilh S. Brown Jr. for reading rhe mao· the immature s tag e~ of A. /"/jIjIIO/d",·j are very simila r to u.script Dnd cDp,uring rhe fcmoJe from ...· Iontc Mor. Mud rhe Fon· VOLUME 58, NUMB~;R I 55

Fn;JTAS, A. V. L. 1991. Varia~ao morr" l6gica. cicio J" vida" sis_ temMica de Tegosa claudina (Eschscholt-t) (Lepidoptera. Nymphalidac, Melital'illae) nO Estado de Sao Paul", Brasil. Rev. bras. Entomol. 35,301-306. --. 2002. Immature stages of Eltona tisfphoM (Nymphalidae: Sntyrinae). J- Ippi,1 Sfl(' M(4)·9.AA....288. FREITAS , A. V. L.. D. MURRAY & K. S. BROWN JR. 2002. Immatures, natural history and the systematie pmition of Bia adornm (Nymphalidae), J. l..cpid. Soc. 56(3): 117 122. MILLER, L. D, 1968. The higheTciassification, phylogeny and zoo· geugraphyofth" Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Am. Entomo!' Soc. 24;iii . 174 pp. MOUER, W. 1886. Sudmnerikanische Nymphalidcn ...mpell: VeT­ such eines natUTliellen Systems der Nymphaliden. Zoo!. Jahrb, (J ena),1:41 7-678. P F.l.l~ v. 1997. l.ife historyofPeMJilJda pampa from Ecuador (Lep­ idoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Tmp. Lepid 8( 1):41-45. VILORIA, A_ t. WW. Historical biogeography and the origins of tile satyrine butterflies ofthc Tropical Andes (Insecta: Lepidoptera, ~·IG. 2_ Head cap.. "I" (fmntal vi"w) of thf' fl"'t ind •• hrv. of Rhopalocera), /n ~Iorrone. J. J. &).' Uorente·Bousquets (eru.), Amp!.fdecta relj"ddsl. VM penpectiva iatiflOllmericoM e UI biogrogroftn: M6:ico, I). F.: Las Prensas de Ciencias. Facultad de Ciendas, UNAM, pp. 247- 261. du~"llu rlurestal fu r allml1ng fieldwork In the ~·a7.enda Intervalcs. VII.DRIA, A. L. In Press. The Pronophilini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): also thank Gerardo Lamas, L Oanid Otero and C~rla P,mz f"rcom_ synopsis of their biol"!1Y and ")'"'tematics. Trop. Lcpid. 12. ments in the final version, This study was funded by Fapesp (BIOTA-FAPESP program, grants 9&1.1.510 I-!I and 0lW1.m4· 1) and by the National Sciell<.'tl Foundation (DE B.()316505). ANDRE V. L. F REITAS, MtlSell de Hist6ria Natural (md Departamento de Zoologi(t , lll.stitllto de Biologio, L ITERATU RE CITED Ulliversidade £Staduaide Cmnpinns, CP 6109, Camp­ D£V!I!f,s, P. J-. I. J. I\ ITCIltNG & R.J. V~NE·WJljGHT. 1985. TIle sys. inns, 5(10 Paulo, 13083-970, Braul tematie pmitioll of Alliin-lieu and Caeroio . wilh commenls on the higher classification of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera), Recdved fo~ /mblicuUcn 13 August 2003; nroised and accepted 10 Syst. Entomol. 10;11-32. Or:tobe~ 2003.

DISPLAY OF TH E '" PEACOC K MOTH": BRENTH IA SPP. (CHOREUTIDAE: BRENTHIINAE) Auditions1 key "' ''' - U ~ : -"' ''

Species of Breutliia Clemens, 1860 (Choreutidae: Meynck, 1918, in India, Fletcher (1920: 128) remarks .8 renthiinap. ) aTf'; d imnal microlp.pidopt ern n~ of hoth that "The moths strut about jerkily with the hindwings New and Old Worlds, with the majority of the 60---80 carried nearly at a right angle with the forewings, so sped es confined to tropical areas. Several species are that the wings form a sort of cone when seen from be­ seen frequently in the lowland fores ts of the Republic hind the insect. This attitude is characteristic of other of Pall uma, where they dart about on foliage, with spe<:ies of this genus." His account includes an illus­ their wings held in distill(;tive, peacock-li ke displays trated lateral view of the moth displaying, According to (Fig. 1). As the name of the type species, Brcllthj(j Robinson et aL (1994:11 1, 113), some species of pavonacelfa Clemens, 1860, suggests, upeacock" dis­ South-East As ia n Choreutidae ". . rest wi th the hind plays are common in Brcllthia. wing drawn forv"ard in front of the forewing. Species Descriptions of these displays are scattered in the of Brtmthia also move holding their WI ngs In thiS pos­ literature. Of B. pav()Il(Icella , in northeastern U.S.A., tu re and are mimics of jumping spiders (Salticidae). Forbes (1923:353) com ments, "The moth stnlts about the metallic spots of the wing pattern representing the on alighting, witll hind wings displayed like Glyphi])· spider's eyes." tanj x [Cosmopte rigidae], the small er AlWcampsis The purpose of this note is to further describe the [Curtis, 1827, Gelechiidac], etc." And, of B. COIVlligera display and clarify certailllX)ints pertuining to its me-