KBA 04 Metal Detecting Terminology

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KBA 04 Metal Detecting Terminology KNOWLEDGE BASE ARTICLE Metal Detecting Terminology Terminology Index Terminology Index ACCU-TRAK ��������������������������������������������������������� 2 Junk ������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Alkaline Battery ������������������������������������������������ 2 Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion battery) ����������10 All metal �������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Monoloop coil ��������������������������������������������������10 Amplifier �������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Multi-frequency �����������������������������������������������10 Analogue ������������������������������������������������������������ 2 Multi Period Sensing (MPS) ��������������������������10 Auto tune ������������������������������������������������������������ 2 Nickel cadmium battery (NiCd) ������������������10 Broad Band Spectrum (BBS) ������������������������� 2 Nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH) �������11 Coin, jewellery & relic hunting �������������������� 2 Noise Cancel ������������������������������������������������������11 Concentric coil �������������������������������������������������� 3 Non-ferrous �������������������������������������������������������11 Conductivity ������������������������������������������������������ 3 Notch Filter Discrimination ��������������������������11 CO �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 Ohm����������������������������������������������������������������������11 Continuous wave �������������������������������������������� 3 Period �������������������������������������������������������������������11 Control box ��������������������������������������������������������� 3 Pinpointing ��������������������������������������������������������11 Current ����������������������������������������������������������������� 3 Pulse Induction (PI) �����������������������������������������11 Depth ������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 QuickMask ����������������������������������������������������������12 Digital ������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 Receive (Rx)��������������������������������������������������������12 Discrimination ��������������������������������������������������� 4 Resistance ����������������������������������������������������������12 Discrimination pattern ����������������������������������� 4 Sealed lead acid battery (SLA) ��������������������12 Detectorist ���������������������������������������������������������� 4 Search Coil (loop) ��������������������������������������������12 Double-D coil (DD) ������������������������������������������ 4 Sensitivity �����������������������������������������������������������12 Dual Voltage Technology (DVT) ������������������ 5 SETA ����������������������������������������������������������������������12 Eddy currents ���������������������������������������������������� 5 Signal �������������������������������������������������������������������13 Environmental noise ��������������������������������������� 5 Sine wave �����������������������������������������������������������13 Electromagnetic field ������������������������������������� 5 Smartfind Discrimination �����������������������������13 Falsing ������������������������������������������������������������������ 5 Square Wave ������������������������������������������������������14 Ferrous (Fe) ��������������������������������������������������������� 5 Target �������������������������������������������������������������������14 FE ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Target ID number ��������������������������������������������14 Frequency ����������������������������������������������������������� 6 Threshold �����������������������������������������������������������15 Frequency domain ������������������������������������������ 7 Time constant ���������������������������������������������������15 Full Band Spectrum (FBS) ������������������������������ 7 Time domain �����������������������������������������������������16 Gold prospecting ��������������������������������������������� 8 Timings ����������������������������������������������������������������16 Ground balance ������������������������������������������������ 8 Tone identification ������������������������������������������16 Ground mineralisation ����������������������������������� 8 Transmit (Tx) �����������������������������������������������������16 Ground noise ����������������������������������������������������� 8 Trashy ground ���������������������������������������������������16 Ground tracking ����������������������������������������������� 8 Universal Serial Bus (USB) port �������������������17 Halo effect ���������������������������������������������������������� 8 VFLEX �������������������������������������������������������������������17 Harmonic frequencies (harmonics) ����������� 9 VLF (Very low frequency)������������������������������17 Hot rocks ������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Voltage ����������������������������������������������������������������17 Iron Mask ������������������������������������������������������������� 9 KNOWLEDGE BASE ARTICLE | KBA 04-1 Page 1 Metal Detecting Terminology ACCU-TRAK ACCU-TRAK is the ground tracking technology used in the Eureka Gold metal detector� Alkaline Battery Alkaline batteries are non-rechargeable batteries� They are available in common battery sizes such as AA, C & D and have a voltage of 1�5 volts per cell� These are the most commonly available battery� All metal All metal refers to operating a metal detector without any metals being masked or discriminated� All metals will be detected regardless of ferrous or conductive properties� Amplifier An Amplifier is a device or electronic circuit that increases amplitude (strength) of an electricalsignal � The signal can be either an audio signal (sound) or a radio signal (electromagnetic)� Analogue Analogue refers to a method of transmitting and receiving data between electronic devices or within an electronic circuit� Analogue signals contain information in their amplitude (i�e� 2�83 volts) at a point in time or over a period of time� (Also see “Digital” on page 3) 1.5 Analogue signal (sine wave) 1 0.5 0 Amplitude -0.5 -1 Time -1.5 Auto tune Auto tune is a metal detector feature that shifts the detector’s operating channel to reduce the effect of environmental noise� If an environmental noise source is operating at, or producing, harmonic frequencies that match the detector’s operating channel the detector becomes susceptible to falsing� By shifting the detector’s operating channel up or down the detector can avoid being affected by environmental noise� (Also see “Noise Cancel” on page 11) Broad Band Spectrum (BBS) BBS is Minelab’s patented multiple frequency metal detection technology� BBS transmits a broad range of 17 frequencies from 1�5 kHz to 25�5 kHz� This has the benefit of superior depth, sensitivity to small targets and accurate discrimination� BBS technology can be found in Minelab’s Sovereign GT and Excalibur II metal detectors� (Also see “Full Band Spectrum (FBS)” on page 7) Coin, jewellery & relic hunting Coin, jewellery & relic hunting involves detecting for coins, jewellery & relics as opposed to gold prospecting� Coin, jewellery & relic hunting metal detectors have different performance characteristics to gold prospecting detectors� Coin, jewellery & relic hunting detectors have good discrimination and can be programmed to reject specific types of metal objects or junk� They also generally come with a display pod, so a user can determine what a target might be before digging� Page 2 KNOWLEDGE BASE ARTICLE | KBA 04-1 Metal Detecting Terminology Concentric coil A Concentric coil has an inner circle and an outer circle wire winding� Its search pattern is cone shaped and can be useful for accurately pinpointing the target� Concentric coils tend to be noisier in highly mineralised ground and require more overlap of sweep for thorough ground coverage� Concentric coil Inner winding (receive) Outer winding (transmit) Conductivity Conductivity refers to how well a target allows electrical current to flow through it� In other words a highly conductive target has low electrical resistance and therefore allows current to flow more easily� Conversely a target with low conductivity has high electrical resistance and does not allow current to flow easily� (Also see ”Time constant” on page 15) CO CO is an abbreviation that refers to conductivity on the Smartfind display found on the Explorer SE and E-TRAC� Continuous wave Continuous wave is a type of metal detecting technology� Continuous wave metal detectors create an electromagnetic field that is applied to the ground in a continuous sine wave� Control box The control box encloses the electronic circuitry of the detector, that generates the Tx (transmit) signals sent by the search coil and processes the Rx (receive) signals detected by the search coil� Control box Current Current is the flow of electrical charge and is measured in Amperes (A or Amps)� Current measurements are common on batteries and power supplies (i�e� AA NiMH battery: 2600 mAh, DC power supply: 1�5 A)� Current is also induced into targets by the electromagnetic field produced by metal detectors, these are called eddy currents� (Also see “Voltage” on page 17) Depth Depth in metal detecting terms refers to how deep a target is buried� A metal
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