Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Individual Case Resolutions
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American University International Law Review Volume 10 | Issue 1 Article 2 1994 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Individual Case Resolutions Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. "Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Individual Case Resolutions." American University International Law Review 10, no. 1 (1996): 19-331. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS: INDIVIDUAL CASE RESOLUTIONS HOW TO USE THE IACHR INDEX The Index is divided into five major chapters: 1) Friendly Settlement; 2) Admissibility; 3) No Violations Found; 4) Violations of the American Convention on Human Rights; and 5) Violations of the American Decla- ration on the Rights and Duties of Man. Entries are ordered in the fol- lowing sequence: 1) Article violated (for categories 4 and 5 only); 2) Country denounced; 3) Year the case was decided by the Commission (in descending order); and 4) Case number (also in descending order). Researching the first three chapters is self-explanatory. There are two principal methods by which the Index may be used to research cases contained in chapters 4 and 5. The first is by looking under the specif- ic Article violated. For example, when investigating the issue of the right to life, the researcher would look at cases listed in the sub-chapters of Article 4 in the chapter on Violations of the American Convention, and Article I in the chapter on Violations of the American Declaration. The second research method is by looking at the Subject Matter In- dex located at the back of the IACHR Index. The Subject Matter Index provides country-specific page listings of IACHR Index entries relating to various violations or procedural issues arising before the Commission. Certain categories of victims, such as children, clergy, and foreign na- tionals, are treated under relevant violations. Alternative words to the terms used by the Subject Matter Index are provided with reference to the corresponding IACHR Index term. The Subject Matter Index uses five terms to cover broad yet specifi- cally defined categories of offenses. Abduction is used when a person is taken away without formal arrest procedures, or when formal detention is not the object of the seizure. This includes kidnappings. Detention is used when a person is held by government agents for any period of time after having been arrested or incarcerated in a state facility. * © Richard J. Wilson and The American University Journal of International Law and Policy. May not be reproduced without joint authorization. 20 AM. U. J. INT'L L. & POL'Y [VOL. 10:1 Disappearance is used when a person's current whereabouts are un- certain and the person's body is not found or identified. Imprisonment is used when a person is detained after formal charg- ing and sentencing, or for incarceration of an extended period of time. Killing is used when a person takes the life of another. This includes assassinations and murders. Torture is used when a person is physically or mentally harmed by another person, except in the case of a killing, beating, rape or sexual assault, or omissions resulting in injury or disease. These offenses are treated as separate Index entries. I. FRIENDLY SETrLEMENT .......................... 27 A. ARGENTINA: ................................ 27 B. HONDURAS: ............................... 27 C. PERU: .. .................................. 28 II. ADMISSIBILITY ............................... 28 A. CANADA: .. ............................... 28 B. COSTA RICA: ............................... 28 C. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: ...................... 29 D. GUATEMALA: .. ............................ 30 E. JAMAICA: .. ............................... 30 F. MEXICO: .. ................................ 32 G. PANAMA: .. ............................... 32 H. UNITED STATES: ............................ 32 I. URUGUAY: .................................. 34 J. VENEZUELA: ............................... 34 II. No VIOLATIONS FOUND .. ........................ 34 A. ARGENTINA: ................................ 34 B. BRAZIL: .. ................................ 36 C. CHILE: .. ................................. 36 D. COSTA RICA: ............................... 36 E. GRENADA: ................................. 37 F. GUATEMALA: .............................. 38 G. HAITI: ..................................... 38 I. MEXICO: .. ................................ 39 J. NICARAGUA: .. ............................. 40 1994] IACHR INDEX 21 K. PANAMA: ................................. 40 L. PERU: .. .................................. 40 IV. VIOLATIONS OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 42 A. Article 1 - Obligation to Respect Rights .............. 42 1. ARGENTINA:.............................. 42 2. COLOMBIA: .............................. 42 3. EL SALVADOR: . ......................... 44 4. GUATEMALA:.. .......................... 51 5. HAITI: .................................. 58 6. HONDURAS: .. ........................... 59 7. NICARAGUA: ............................. 60 8. PERU: ................................... 61 9. URUGUAY:.. ............................ 66 B. Article 2 - Domestic Legal Effects ................. 66 1. HONDURAS: .. ........................... 66 2. MEXICO: ................................ 67 C. Article 3 - Right to Juridical Personality .............. 67 D. Article 4 - Right to Life ........................ 67 1. BOLIVIA:................................. 67 2. COLOMBIA: .............................. 68 3. EL SALVADOR: . ......................... 70 4. GUATEMALA: . .......................... 79 5. HAM: .. ................................ 88 6. HONDURAS: .. ........................... 89 7. NICARAGUA: ............................. 90 8. PANAMA:.. ............................. 95 9. PERU: ................................... 95 E. Article 5 - Right to Humane Treatment ............. 114 1. BOLIVIA: ............................... 114 2. COLOMBIA: ............................. 116 3. ECUADOR: .............................. 117 4. EL SALVADOR: . ......................... 118 5. GUATEMALA: . .......................... 124 6. HAITI: ..................................127 7. HONDURAS: . ........................... 130 8. NICARAGUA: ............................ 131 9. PANAMA: ............................. 133 10. PERU: .................................. 133 F. Article 6 - Freedom from Slavery .................. 145 1. HAITI: ................................ 145 AM. U. J. INT'L L. & POL'Y [VOL. 10: 1 G. Article 7 - Right to Personal Liberty ................. 145 1. ARGENTINA: ........................... 145 2. BOLIVIA: .............................. 145 3. COLOMBIA: ............................ 148 4. EL SALVADOR: ......................... 149 5. GUATEMALA: .......................... 156 6. HAITI: ................................ 167 7. HONDURAS: ........................... 170 8. NICARAGUA: ........................... 172 9. PANAM A: ............................. 177 10. PERU : ................................ 177 H. Article 8 - Right to Fair Trial ................... 194 1. ARGENTINA: ........................... 194 2. COLOM BIA: ............................ 195 3. EL SALVADOR: ......................... 196 4. GUATEMALA: .......................... 198 5. HAITI: ................................ 200 6. HONDURAS: ........................... 203 7. M EXICO: .............................. 204 8. NICARAGUA: ........................... 204 9. PANAMA: ............................. 207 10. PERU : ................................ 207 11. URUGUAY: ............................ 216 I. Article 9 - Freedom From Ex Post Facto Law .......... 217 J. Article 10 - Right to Compensation .................. 217 K. Article 11 - Right to Privacy ...................... 217 1. EL SALVADOR: ......................... 217 2. GUATEMALA: .......................... 217 L. Article 12 - Freedom of Conscience and Religion ....... 218 1. GUATEMALA: .......................... 218 M. Article 13 - Freedom of Thought and Expression ........ 218 1. COLOM BIA: ............................ 218 2. GUATEMALA: .......................... 218 3. HAITI: ................................ 219 N. Article 14 - Right of Reply ..................... 219 0. Article 15 - Right of Assembly .................. 219 1. ARGENTINA: ........................... 219 2. GUATEMALA: .............. ............ 219 P. Article 16 - Freedom of Association ................. 220 1. GUATEMALA: .......................... 220 2. NICARAGUA: ........................... 221 1994] ]IACHR INDEX Q. Article 17 - Rights of the Family .. 221 £r%. PI.LI.I0 10 - rLi, L a L'a.L I . .. .. .. 222 S. Article 19 - Rights of the Child ............ 222 1. COLOMBIA: ...................... 222 2. EL SALVADOR: ................... •o°•. 222 T. Article 20 - Right to Nationality ............ .. 222 1. HAITI: .......................... .. 222 U. Article 21 - Right to Property ............. o°•.• . 223 1. HA M : .......................... o•.o, .. 223 2. NICARAGUA: ..................... oo**° .. 223 V. Article 22 - Freedom