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Dot 23231 DS1.Pdf US DOT FHWA SUMMARY PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. NM08MNT-01 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Data STANDARDS FOR TIRE-BALE EROSION CONTROL AND BANK STABILIZATION PROJECTS: VALIDATION OF 6. Performing Organization Code EXISTING PRACTICE AND IMPLEMENTATION 7. Authors(s): Ashok Kumar Ghosh; Claudia M. Dias Wilson; Andrew Budek- 8. Performing Organization Report No. Schmeisser; Mehrdad Razavi; Bruce Harrision; Naitram Birbahadur; Prosfer Felli, and Barbara Budek-Schmeisser 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 9. Performing Organization Name and Address New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place 11. Contract or Grant No. Socorro, N.M. 87801 CO5119 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address NMDOT Research Bureau Final Report 7500B Pan American Freeway March 2008 – September 2010 PO Box 94690 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Albuquerque, NM 87199-4690 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract In an effort to promote the use of increasing stockpiles of waste tires and a growing demand for adequate backfill material in highway construction, NMDOT has embarked on a move to use compressed tire-bales as a means to reduce cost of construction and to recycle used tires which would otherwise occupy much larger space in landfills or be improperly disposed. Compressing the tires into bales has prompted unique environmental, technical, and economic opportunities. This is due to the significant volume reduction obtained when using tire-bales (approximately 100 auto tires with a volume of 20 cubic yards can be compressed to 2 cubic yard blocks, i.e. a tenfold reduction in landfill space). Lighter unit weight, (37 pcf dry), results in lower earth pressure with lesser possibility for foundation failure. The objective of this project is to address the question, “Can tire-bales be used as a cost effective alternate fill material for erosion control and bank stabilization projects?” 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Tire-bale, Backfill material, Highway Available from NMDOT Research Bureau 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price None None 211 STANDARDS FOR TIRE-BALE EROSION CONTROL AND BANK STABILIZATION PROJECTS: ENGINEERING VALIDATION OF EXISTING PRACTICE AND IMPLEMENTATION Final Report by Dr. Ashok Kumar Ghosh, Mechanical Engineering Drs. Andrew Budek-Schmeisser and Claudia M. Dias Wilson, Civil Engineering Dr. Mehrdad Razavi, Civil and Mineral Engineering Dr. Bruce Harrision, Earth and Environmental Science Mr. Naitram Birbahadur, Mechanical Engineering Mr. Prosfell, Graduate, Mineral Engineering Ms. Barbara Budek-Schmeisser, Technical Staff New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM 87801 Report NM08MNT-01 A Report on Research Sponsored by New Mexico Department of Transportation Research Bureau In Cooperation with The U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration September 2010 NMDOT Research Bureau 7500B Pan American Freeway NE PO Box 94690 Albuquerque, NM 87199-4690 (505)-841-9145 URL: http://NMDOTResearch.com Email: [email protected] PREFACE The research reported herein explores the issue of using tire-bales as a cost effective alternate fill material for erosion control and bank stabilization projects. This project will also conduct an in-depth literature search and establish contacts with manufacturers, contractors & other government agencies; pertaining to design and application of tire-bales. This project will also formalize/validate existing construction standard drawings and specifications prepared by NMDOT Maintenance and Design staff. NOTICE The United States government and the State of New Mexico do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufactures‟ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. This information is available in alternative accessible formats. To obtain an alternative format, contact the NMDOT Research Bureau, 7500B Pan American Freeway NE, PO Box 94690, Albuquerque, NM 87199-4690, (505)-841-9145 DISCLAIMER This report presents the results of research conducted by the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the New Mexico Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard or specification. i ABSTRACT In an effort to promote the use of increasing stockpiles of waste tires and a growing demand for adequate backfill material in highway construction, NMDOT has embarked on a move to use compressed tire bales as a means to reduce cost of construction and to recycle used tires which would otherwise occupy much larger space in landfills or be improperly disposed of. Compressing the tires into bales has prompted unique environmental, technical, and economic opportunities. This is due to the significant volume reduction obtained when using tire bales (approximately 100 auto tires with a volume of 20 cubic yards (15.3 cu m) can be compressed to 2 cubic yard (1.53 cu. m) blocks, i.e. a tenfold reduction in landfill space). Lighter unit weight, 37 pcf dry, (592 kg/cu. m), results in lower earth pressure with lesser possibility for foundation failure. The objective of this project is to address the question, “Can tire-bales be used as a cost effective alternate fill material for erosion control and bank stabilization projects?” ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 TASK 1: ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Investigation on Current State of Practice in USA ......................................................... 2 1.1.2 Current Project Status in UK ......................................................................................... 3 1.2 Recommendation .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 TASK 2: ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Stone Armors or Revetments ........................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Self-Adjusting Armors ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Rigid Armors................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.4 Flexible Mattresses ....................................................................................................... 10 2.1.5 Retaining Structures ..................................................................................................... 14 2.1.6 Tire-Bales ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................................................ 19 2.2.1 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 In-field Site Locations and Topography ....................................................................... 21 2.2.3 Erosion Patterns & Tensile Cracking ........................................................................... 23 2.2.4 Soil Retention ................................................................................................................ 32 2.2.5 Vegetation and Habitat ................................................................................................. 34 2.2.6 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 35 3.0 TASK 3: .................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Alternative Methods ...................................................................... 36 3.2 Establish Design Alternatives ..................................................................................................... 40 3.3. Determine Activity Timing ....................................................................................................... 41 3.4 Estimate Costs (Agency and User) ............................................................................................. 41 3.5 Alternatives Gabion Baskets and Tire-Bales .............................................................................. 42 3.5.1 Alternative 1: Gabion Baskets ...................................................................................... 42 3.5.2 Alternative 2: Tire-Bales .............................................................................................. 44 3.6 Compute Life-Cycle Costs ......................................................................................................... 47 3.7 Analyze the Results .................................................................................................................... 47 4.0
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