The Original Beat the Fish Guide
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Most Important Fundamental Rule of Poker Strategy
The Thirty-Third International FLAIRS Conference (FLAIRS-33) Most Important Fundamental Rule of Poker Strategy Sam Ganzfried,1 Max Chiswick 1Ganzfried Research Abstract start playing very quickly, even the best experts spend many years (for some an entire lifetime) learning and improving. Poker is a large complex game of imperfect information, Humans learn and improve in a variety of ways. The most which has been singled out as a major AI challenge prob- obvious are reading books, hiring coaches, poker forums and lem. Recently there has been a series of breakthroughs culmi- nating in agents that have successfully defeated the strongest discussions, and simply playing a lot to practice. Recently human players in two-player no-limit Texas hold ’em. The several popular software tools have been developed, most 1 strongest agents are based on algorithms for approximating notably PioSolver, where players solve for certain situa- Nash equilibrium strategies, which are stored in massive bi- tions, given assumptions for the hands the player and oppo- nary files and unintelligible to humans. A recent line of re- nent can have. This is based on the new concept of endgame search has explored approaches for extrapolating knowledge solving (Ganzfried and Sandholm 2015), where strategies from strong game-theoretic strategies that can be understood are computed for the latter portion of the game given fixed by humans. This would be useful when humans are the ulti- strategies for the trunk (which are input by the user). While mate decision maker and allow humans to make better deci- it has been pointed out that theoretically this approach is sions from massive algorithmically-generated strategies. -
How We Learned to Cheat in Online Poker: a Study in Software Security
How we Learned to Cheat in Online Poker: A Study in Software Security Brad Arkin, Frank Hill, Scott Marks, Matt Schmid, Thomas John Walls, and Gary McGraw Reliable Software Technologies Software Security Group Poker is card game that many people around the world enjoy. Poker is played at kitchen tables, in casinos and cardrooms, and, recently, on the Web. A few of us here at Reliable Software Technologies (http://www.rstcorp.com) play poker. Since many of us spend a good amount of time on-line, it was only a matter of time before some of us put the two interests together. This is the story of how our interests in online poker and software security mixed to create a spectacular security exploit. The PlanetPoker Internet cardroom (http://www.planetpoker.com) offers real-time Texas Hold'em games against other people on the Web for real money. Being software professionals who help companies deliver secure, reliable, and robust software, we were curious about the software behind the online game. How did it work? Was it fair? An examination of the FAQs at PlanetPoker, including the shuffling algorithm (which was ironically published to help demonstrate the game's integrity), was enough to start our analysis wheels rolling. As soon as we saw the shuffling algorithm, we began to suspect there might be a problem. A little investigation proved this intuition correct. The Game In Texas Hold'em, each player is dealt two cards (called the pocket cards). The initial deal is followed by a round of betting. After the first round of betting, all remaining cards are dealt face up and are shared by all players. -
Testimony Opposing House Bill 1389 Mark Jorritsma, Executive Director Family Policy Alliance of North Dakota March 15, 2021
Testimony Opposing House Bill 1389 Mark Jorritsma, Executive Director Family Policy Alliance of North Dakota March 15, 2021 Good morning Madam Chair Bell and honorable members of the Senate Finance and Taxation Committee. My name is Mark Jorritsma and I am the Executive Director of Family Policy Alliance of North Dakota. We respectfully request that you render a “DO NOT PASS” on House Bill 1389. Online poker is not gambling. This bill says so itself, and more importantly, in August of 2012, a federal judge in New York ruled in US v. Dicristina that internet poker was not gambling.1 So that is settled. But is it really? While online poker does not appear to meet the legal definition of gambling, consider these facts. • In the same ruling referenced above, Judge Weinstein acknowledged that state courts that have ruled on the issue are divided as to whether poker constitutes a game of skill, a game of chance, or a mixture of the two.2 • Online poker, which allows players to play multiple tables at once, resulting in almost constant action, is a fertile ground for developing addiction. Some sites allow a player to open as many as eight tables at a time, and the speed of play is three times as fast as live poker.3 • …online poker has a rather addictive nature that often affects younger generations. College age students are especially apt to developing online poker addictions.4 • Deposit options will vary depending on the state, but the most popular method is to play poker for money with credit card. -
Texas Hold'em Poker
11/5/2018 Rules of Card Games: Texas Hold'em Poker Pagat Poker Poker Rules Poker Variants Home Page > Poker > Variations > Texas Hold'em DE EN Choose your language Texas Hold'em Introduction Players and Cards The Deal and Betting The Showdown Strategy Variations Pineapple ‑ Crazy Pineapple ‑ Crazy Pineapple Hi‑Lo Irish Casino Versions Introduction Texas Hold'em is a shared card poker game. Each player is dealt two private cards and there are five face up shared (or "community") cards on the table that can be used by anyone. In the showdown the winner is the player who can make the best five‑card poker hand from the seven cards available. Since the 1990's, Texas Hold'em has become one of the most popular poker games worldwide. Its spread has been helped firstly by a number of well publicised televised tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and secondly by its success as an online game. For many people nowadays, poker has become synonymous with Texas Hold'em. This page assumes some familiarity with the general rules and terminology of poker. See the poker rules page for an introduction to these, and the poker betting and poker hand ranking pages for further details. Players and Cards From two to ten players can take part. In theory more could play, but the game would become unwieldy. A standard international 52‑card pack is used. The Deal and Betting Texas Hold'em is usually played with no ante, but with blinds. When there are more than two players, the player to dealer's left places a small blind, and the next player to the left a big blind. -
The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ROLE OF SKILL VERSUS LUCK IN POKER: EVIDENCE FROM THE WORLD SERIES OF POKER Steven D. Levitt Thomas J. Miles Working Paper 17023 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17023 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2011 We would like to thank Carter Mundell for truly outstanding research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by Steven D. Levitt and Thomas J. Miles. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker Steven D. Levitt and Thomas J. Miles NBER Working Paper No. 17023 May 2011 JEL No. K23,K42 ABSTRACT In determining the legality of online poker – a multibillion dollar industry – courts have relied heavily on the issue of whether or not poker is a game of skill. Using newly available data, we analyze that question by examining the performance in the 2010 World Series of Poker of a group of poker players identified as being highly skilled prior to the start of the events. Those players identified a priori as being highly skilled achieved an average return on investment of over 30 percent, compared to a -15 percent for all other players. -
History of Texas Holdem Poker
GAMBLING History of Texas Holdem Poker ever in the history of poker has it been as popular as nowadays. The most played poker game is definitely exasT Hold em. All Nover the world people are playing Texas Hold em games and there seems to be no end to the popularity of the game. Espe- cially playing Texas Hold em for free on the Internet has became extremely popular in the last years. Who actually invented this great poker game? This was a game, played in the 15th century, that was played with the card deck as we know it Where did it originally come from? And how today. It was a card game that included bluffing and betting. did free Texas Hold em games end up on the internet? To answer these questions it is The French colonials brought this game to Canada and then to the United States in the early important to trace back the history of poker, to 17th century, but the game didn’t became a hit until the beginning of the 18th century in New find out where it all began. Orleans. HISTORY OF POKER THEORIES During the American Civil War, soldiers played the game Pogue often to pass the time, all over the country. Different versions evolved from this firstPogue game and they were called ‘‘Stud’’ There are many different theories about how and ‘‘Draw’’. The official name for the game turned into ‘‘Poker’’ in 1834 by a gambler named poker came into this world and there seems to Jonathan H. Green. be no real proof of a forerunner of the game. -
Bwin.Party Digital Entertainment Annual Report & Accounts 2012
Annual report &accounts 2012 focused innovation Contents 02 Overview 68 Governance 02 Chairman’s statement 72 Audit Committee report 04 A year in transition 74 Ethics Committee report 05 Our business verticals 74 Integration Committee report 06 Investment case 75 Nominations Committee report 10 Our business model 76 Directors’ Remuneration report 12 CEO’s review 90 Other governance and statutory disclosures 20 Strategy 92 2013 Annual General Meeting 28 Focus on our technology 94 Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 30 Focus on social gaming 32 Focus on PartyPoker 95 Financial statements 95 Independent Auditors’ report 34 Review of 2012 96 Consolidated statement of 44 Markets and risks comprehensive income 97 Consolidated statement 46 Sports betting of fi nancial position 48 Casino & games 98 Consolidated statement of changes 50 Poker in equity 52 Bingo 99 Consolidated statement of cashfl ows 54 Social gaming 100 Notes to the consolidated 56 Key risks fi nancial statements 58 Responsibility & relationships 139 Company statement of fi nancial position 58 Focus on responsibility 140 Company statement of changes in equity 60 Customers and responsible gaming 141 Company statement of cashfl ows 62 Environment and community 142 Share information 63 Employees, suppliers and shareholders 146 Notice of 2013 Annual General Meeting 66 Board of Directors 150 Glossary Sahin Gorur Bingo Community Relations See our online report at www.bwinparty.com Overview Strategy Review Markets Responsibility & Board of Governance Financial Share Notice of Annual Glossary 01 of 2012 and risks relationships Directors statements information General Meeting Introduction 02 Chairman’s statement real progress We made signifi cant progress in 2012 and remain Our attentions are now turning to the on course to deliver all of the Merger synergies as next step in our evolution, one centred on innovation that will be triggered by Annual report & accounts 2012 originally planned. -
Aria Casino Poker Gentleman's Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS Etiquette Understanding DO’S & DON’TS TELLS Page 4 Page 5 Poker VARIANTS Terminology PLAYER TERMS Page 9 HAND TERMS ADVANCED TERMS Page 13 Facts AND INFO Page 19 Playing CERTAIN CARDS Page 21 Etiquette DO’S & DON’TS Do’s Don’ts Always accurately represent your Stall or Delay the game - pay attention action and never slow roll when it’s your turn Know verbal declarations are binding Don’t ask another player to see their cards after they muck Play at your comfort level - don’t play at a Don’t reveal your cards to other player higher limit if you are not comfortable at the table Be polite and always keep your cool – Don’t String Bet or Splash the pot win or loss about the hand in action, Always state your bet clearly Don’t talk speculate about another player’s hand, provide a play-by-play or talk strategy Allow every player to play their own game Don’t assume anyone will help you - as long as it is within the house rules at the tables, it’s one person per hand 4 What is a TELL ? A tell is an unconscious action that is thought to betray an attempted deception 5 Some of THE MOST COMMON TELLS* Leaning forward or backward. Aggression or forceful betting is a Suddenly bolting upright can usually classic case of weak-means-strong, indicate a strong hand. strong-means-weak. Impatiently wanting to bet Holding breath or staying very still can can indicate a strong hand and those who often indicate a weak hand as the player is are bluffing usually tend to take extra time. -
Early Round Bluffing in Poker Author(S): California Jack Cassidy Source: the American Mathematical Monthly, Vol
Early Round Bluffing in Poker Author(s): California Jack Cassidy Source: The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 122, No. 8 (October 2015), pp. 726-744 Published by: Mathematical Association of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.4169/amer.math.monthly.122.8.726 Accessed: 23-12-2015 19:20 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mathematical Association of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Mathematical Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.32.135.128 on Wed, 23 Dec 2015 19:20:53 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Early Round Bluffing in Poker California Jack Cassidy Abstract. Using a simplified form of the Von Neumann and Morgenstern poker calculations, the author explores the effect of hand volatility on bluffing strategy, and shows that one should never bluff in the first round of Texas Hold’Em. 1. INTRODUCTION. The phrase “the mathematics of bluffing” often brings a puzzled response from nonmathematicians. “Isn’t that an oxymoron? Bluffing is psy- chological,” they might say, or, “Bluffing doesn’t work in online poker. -
The Impact of the Structural Characteristics of Poker on Market Evolution and Competitive Dynamics in the Internet Poker Industry in Italy
International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 14, No. 10; 2019 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Impact of the Structural Characteristics of Poker on Market Evolution and Competitive Dynamics in the Internet Poker Industry in Italy Paolo Calvosa1 1 Department of Economics, Management, Institutions (DEMI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Correspondence: Paolo Calvosa, Department of Economics, Management, Institutions (DEMI), University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Received: July 24, 2019 Accepted: August 30, 2019 Online Published: September 5, 2019 doi:10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p155 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p155 Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the impact that the specific nature and characteristics of the game of poker have had on the development of the Internet poker industry in Italy and on the competitive strategies of on line gambling operators. It facilitates the overall understanding of the different effects that the legalization of Internet gambling in Italy has had on the evolution of the poker industry, in respect to other gambling sectors. Based of existing literature, the study has shown that two distinctive features define the game of Internet poker. The first is connected to the nature of games of skill that distinguishes poker; the second, instead, is linked to the fact that Internet poker is a ‘player-versus-player game’, i.e. it requires the simultaneous presence at gaming tables by multiple players. In order to analyze the market dynamics of the Internet poker industry, from a methodological viewpoint the study is supported by an empirical investigation that concerned all the ‘on line poker rooms’ in Italy that were remote gambling licenses or sub-licensees in 2018. -
Abiding Chance: Online Poker and the Software of Self-Discipline
ESSAYS Abiding Chance: Online Poker and the Software of Self- Discipline Natasha Dow Schüll A man sits before a large desktop monitor station, the double screen divided into twenty- four rectangles of equal size, each containing the green oval of a poker table with positions for nine players. The man is virtu- ally “seated” at all twenty- four tables, along with other players from around the world. He quickly navigates his mouse across the screen, settling for moments at a time on flashing windows where his input is needed to advance play at a given table. His rapid- fire esponsesr are enabled by boxed panels of colored numbers and letters that float above opponents’ names; the letters are acronyms for behavioral tendencies relevant to poker play, and the numbers are statistical scores identifying where each player falls in a range for those tendencies. Taken together, the letters and numbers supply the man with enough information to act strategically at a rate of hundreds of hands per hour. Postsession, the man opens his play- tracking database to make sure the software has successfully imported the few thousand hands he has just played. After quickly scrolling through to ensure that they are all there, he recalls some particularly challenging hands he would like to review and checks a number Thanks to Paul Rabinow and Limor Samimian- Darash, for prompting me to gather this material for a different article, and to Richard Fadok, Paul Gardner, Lauren Kapsalakis, and the students in my 2013 Self as Data graduate seminar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for helping me to think through that material. -
An Artificial Intelligence Agent for Texas Hold'em Poker
AN ARTIFICIAL INTELL IGENCE AGENT FOR TEXAS HOLD’EM PO KER PATRICK MCCURLEY – 0 62 4 91 7 90 2 An Artificial Intelligence Agent for Texas Hold’em Poker I declare that this document represents my own work except where otherwise stated. Signed …………………………………………………………………………. 08/05/ 2009 Patrick McCurley – 062491790 Introduction 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Problem Description...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Dissertation Outline ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Ethics .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Background................................................................................................................................................................10 2.1 Artificial Intelligence and Poker .............................................................................................................10 2.1.1 Problem Domain Realization .........................................................................................................10