6038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 There being no objection, the excerpt be recognized for not to exceed 10 U.S. CIRCUIT JUDGE was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, minutes. Otto Kerner, of Illinois, to be U.S. circuit as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without judge for the seventh circUit vice Win G. PURPOSE objection, it is so ordered. Knoch, retired. The purpose of H.R. 2901 is to give the offi­ cial name, Lake Oahe, to the reservoir be­ hind the Oahe Dam. ELIMINATION OF RESERVE CONFIRMATIONS The Oahe Dam was constructed by the REQUffiEMENTS Executive nominations confirmed by Army Corps of Engineers under the Flood the Senate March 11, 1968: Control Act of 1944. It is one of the largest Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask earthfill structures in the world, and im­ unanimous consent that the Senate turn DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COUNCll. pounds a maximum water surface pool of to the consideration of Calendar No. 989, The following-named persons to be mem­ 376,000 acres with a shoreline of 2,250 miles. H.R. 14743. It is being laid before the bers of the District of Columbia Council for The reservoir has never been named offi­ Senate so that it will be the pending busi­ terms expiring February 1, 1971: cially. It is fitting that the reservoir be ness tomorrow morning. Margaret A. Haywood, of the District of named for the Indian people who first lived The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Columbia. in the area. Oahe is a Sioux Indian word will be stated by title. J. c. Turner, of the District of Columbia. meaning "foundation, a place to stand upon, Joseph P. Yeldell, of the District of Colum­ The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R. bia. or a stepping stone." Oahe Reservoir is, in 14743) to eliminate the reserve require­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF APPEALS fact, the founda.tion of the Missouri Basin ments for Federal Reserve notes and for development program. It is expected to be the Austin L. Ficklin, of the District of Colum­ foundation of great future development. U.S. note and Treasury notes of 1890. bia, to be associated judge for the District The name is already generally accepted and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there of Columbia of Appeals for the term of 10 in common usage. objection to the present consideration of years. the bill? DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF GENERAL There being no objection, the Senate SESSIONS ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO proceeded to consider the bill. William C. Pryor, of the District of Colum­ 11 A.M. bia, to be associate judge of the District of Columbia court of general sessions for the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask ADJOURNMENT TO 11 A.M. term of 10 years. unanimous consent that when the Sen­ James A. Belson, of the District of Colum­ ate completes its business today, it stand Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if bia, to be associate judge Of the District of there is no further business to come Columbia court of general sessions for the in adjournment until 11 o'clock tomor­ terms of 10 years. row morning. before the Senate, I move, in accord­ ance with the previous order, that the Joyce Hens Green, of the District of Colum­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Senate stand in adjournment. bia, to be associate judge for the District of objection, it is so ordered. Columbia court of general sessions, domestic The motion was agreed to; and (at relations branch, for the term of 10 years. 6 o'clock and 35 minutes p.m.) the Sen­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REDEVELOPMENT LAND .ate adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, AGENCY RECOGNITION OF SENATOR YOUNG March 12, 1968, at 11 a.m. OF OHIO TOMORROW Alfred P. Love for reappointment as a member of the District of Columbia Re­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask development Land Agency for a term of 5 unanimous consent that after the read­ NOMINATION years, effective on and after March 3, 1968, ing of the Journal tomorrow the distin­ Executive nomination received by the pursuant to the provisions of section 4(a) [Mr. of Public Law 592, 79th Congress, approved guished Senator from Ohio YOUNG] Senate March 11, 1968: August 2, 1946, as amended.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Will America Also Go Down the Drain? people" need or want these expensive pro­ signs. At the same time it is spending $5 grams at home and abroad, that we only owe million to erect new signs to put up along our huge debt to ourselves. But the dollar ls the highways! J. in trouble. Inflation is increasing. We are los­ Do you want to pay taxes to finance a $2,350 HON. PAUL FANNIN ing gold at unprecedented rates. And taxes OF ARIZONA picnic shelter in Manitowoc County, Wis.? are still increasing. How about the $2.5 million we spent to build IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES In 1960 our total federal budget was $94 houses in Rio de Janeiro? The $1 million we billion. Last year it was almost double that­ Monday, March 11, 1968 spent on trains in Thailand? The $1.5 million $172 billion. The President has asked for we spent on a WAC barracks in Maryland Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, I ask $186 billion for 1969. And every state is in­ just before the WACs were sent to Florida? unanimous consent to have printed in creasing expenses and increasing taxes. Or the $45,000 flagpole? Do we really need to spend all these bil­ You paid $33,398 for 130 knobs at the Pen­ the Extensions of Remarks an editorial lions? Do "the people" want to be taxed all entitled "Will America Also Go Down tagon that retailed at only $210. You paid those billions? for 27,000 tons of food that was just plain the Drain?" published in the Arizona There have been 112 "new" federal pro­ "lost" overseas. That cost $4.3 mllllon, or the Republic of Sunday, February 11, 1968. grams since 1960. The President has asked same amount that an entire city of 10,000 The editorial is thought provoking and for 16 new ones this year. Since 1960 only people pay each year in income taxes. contains much good commonsense. I one federal program has been abolished. All You are paying the salaries of 276,000 more commend it to the reading of every the rest have been increased. Congress last federal employes this year than last. Non­ year increased the budget by $13.5 billion­ defense spending has almost doubled since Member of the Senate. more than the biggest total budget of Roose­ There being no objection, the editorial 1960. The national debt has increased 14 velt's peacetime years! times since 1960. Since President Johnson was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, We have spent $152 billion on foreign aid as follows: entered the White House, your cost of living and interest on what we borrowed to spread has increased 9 per cent! this money around to more than 100 coun­ Wn.L AMERICA ALSO Go DowN THE DRAIN? The federal government spends $17 billion tries. What good did it do? What good did "Germany will militarize herself out of on "research." That is enought by itself to existence, England will expand herself out of it do you? What good is it doing now? There is $23 billion "in the pipeline" for wipe out this year's inflation-producing defi­ existence, and America will spend herself out cit. What is this research for? Nobody knows. of existence." So said Nikolai Lenin in 1917. foreign aid- all so far unspent. Yet the Pres­ ident keeps asking for more and more billions The Library of Congress tried to find out and Germany has fulfilled the prophecy. Eng­ reported that nobody in the feder.:itl govern­ land has fulfilled the prophecy. America is to add to it! in the process of doing so. Do you want to spend the $36.5 million ment knows how many research laboratories Our country has already reached the point Vice President Humphrey just promised to are federally financed or where they are! where our profiigate, wasteful, extravagant send to the Ivory Coast while the President The Department of Health, Education and and unnecessary government spending is was proposing a tax on American tourists Welfare spends more than $100 million a year threatening the entire future of our nation going abroad? on research programs like "Understanding and our people. We keep being reassured that The administration is spending millions to the Fourth Grade Slump in Creative Think­ we can afford all ·those billions, that "the beautify our highways and tear down ugly ing." The Commerce Department spent $95,- March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6039 000 to find out why shipping rates are lower Many will starve to death in spite of any such effort is not being made and that such on imported goods than exported goods. crash program we might embark upon now. controls are not being developed. And oUl' The National Science Foundation :financed And we are not embarking upon any crash experience with attempting such controls in a study of the 1966 governor's campaign in program. These are the harsh realities we the international whaling industry gives us Maryland. What on earth for? The National face. little hope that they would be effective if Institutes of Health spent $11,782 to finance In 1966, the population of the world in­ they were imposed. "A Social History of French Medicine 1789- creased by some 70 million people, and there So from the point of vi.ew of the coming 1815." It spent $10,917 for 'Emergence of was no compensating increase in food pro­ crisis, we can relegate the idea of saving Political Leadership; Indians in Fiji." duction. Indeed, there has actually been a mankind by tapping marine food supplies to The Office of Economic Opportunity shelled decrease in food production in many areas the same fairyland as using hydroponics, syn­ out $39,000 to find out why some under­ over the past two years. thesizing food from petroleum and using de­ privileged youths reacted favorably to "It's According to the United Nations Food and salination plants to make the deserts into What's Happening, Baby"-a nationally tele­ Agriculture Organization, advances made in vast granaries. None is practical in the short vised rock and roll show praising the Job food production in developing nations be­ run-indeed, most would present serious dif­ Corps. The National Science Foundation gave tween 1955 and 1965 have been wiped out by ficulties even if we had a century instead of Stephen Smale, who organized demonstra­ agricultural disasters in 1965 and 1966. Last a decade in which to act. tions aimed at halting troop trains in Oali­ year, on the average, each person on Earth What about getting more food from the fornia, $6,556 of your tax money to go to had 2 per cent less to eat. The reduction, land? This could be done by bringing more Europe! of course, was not uniformly distributed. land under cultivation and by increasing U.S. government agencies sudsidize with Only ten countries, including the United the yield on land now cultivated. An increase your taxes $2 billion a year in university States, grew more food than they consumed. is clearly possible technologically; in many "research." The result has been that 40,000 Apart from the United States, all countries areas of the world, yields per hectare are far professors have stopped teaching to do fed­ with large populations, including India, below those known to be possible. However, eral "researoh." Dr. W. T. Lippincott of Ohio China, and Russia, imported more than they the reasons for the disappointing agricul­ State University calls federal research grants exported. tural performance of undeveloped countries "the most powerful destructive force the SURPLUS ALMOST GONE in the past and the reasons we can expect higher education system ever faced." The United States has all but exhausted little improvement in the near future are Is all this, and much more, really neces­ her store of surplus grain. Last year she clear. sary? Is it even desirable? Does it do any shipped one quarter of her wheat crop, nine One major reason is a lack of agricultural good for the people of the United States who million tons, to India. A massive famine was expertise in developing countries and a lack support it? Do you "demand" these services, prevented, although the threat persists today, of sufficient aid in agronomy and related sub­ implore your federal governm·ent to start made temporarily less ominous by a good jects to make up for this. But even more im­ new programs at the rate of more than 100 crop year. But every month the Indian popu­ portant are sociological forces. These include every 10 years? lation increases by an estimated one and attitudes about the "proper" ways to raise The average American is being taken by one-half million. In another ten years it crops and the prestige of agricultural science his government and its sycophants to the would take the entire grain production of relative to other professions. Finally, there tune of billions of dollars. He get nothing the United States to save India from famine. is the general insufficiency of communica­ back but the bills for hundreds of unneces­ The trends in both population growth and tions and educational systems, which makes sary and useless programs that the govern­ food production are clear. Only the United rapid changing of attitudes difficult or ment loads on his back. States will be in a position to donate food impossible. How much can you take? How much can to starving countries, and a catastrophic gap It is true that some professional optimists the nation take? How much, before we go will appear soon between her supply and claim that all is not lost. They say, for in­ down in the dust under this intolerable world demand. The Department of Agricul­ stance, that India in the next eight years can burden? ture has predicted that the curve represent­ increase its agricultural output to feed some Unless this is stopped-and soon-Lenin ing possible exportable American grain sur­ 120 million more people than it cannot after will be proved right. "America will spend pluses will intersect the curve representing all feed today. To put such fantasy into per­ herself out Of existence" and we will all lose the food aid requirements of 66 developing spective, one need consider only the strain the "last best hope of earth" to the tyranny countries in 1984. such an increase would put on a highly of communism. In an excellent book, "Famine 1975," Wil­ efficient agricultural system. liam and Paul Paddock argue cogently that Unfortunately, more is needed than fer­ the 1984 prediction is optimistic and that tilizer and pesticides-research, training of calamity awaits us in the middle of the next technicians and massive public information The Fight Against Famine Is Already Lost decade. In either case, it is too late to pre­ programs in countries where every family vent the famines and probably too late to do does not have a radio and TV set. A crash much to decrease their magnitude. program (of which there is no sign) might supply the hardware in time, but the more HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS THE OCEAN MYTH important human engineering requires more OF MARYLAND For a moment, let us take the simplistic time than is available, even if the developed IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES view that a solution involves only either in­ nations were to make an all-out effort. Thus creasing human food or limiting the human the answer is not to be found in increasing Monday, March 11, 1968 population. First let us look at the problem food productions. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, a most of increasing food supplies, either from the The picture on the population control interesting and thought-provoking arti­ land or the sea. side is equally dismal. India has had a gov­ We rapidly can do away with what I have ernment-sponsored birth control program cle entitled "The Fight Against Famine called the "Food from the sea myth." With since 1951. In the 16 years since then, an Is Already Lost," written by Paul Ehr­ very minor exceptions, man hunts the sea, increasing amount of money has been poured lich, was published in the Washington he does not farm it or herd its animals. At into the program and more and more people Post of Sunday, March 10, 1968. Mr. the moment, he cannot take advantage of have been added to the bureaucracy running Ehrlich is a distinguished population bi­ its primary productivity and so must feed it. Today the head of the program is a top ologist at Stanford University. at levels in the food chain at which much government official. I ask unanimous consent that the arti­ of the sun's energy, bound by photosynthesis, And what has been accomplished? At the has been lost in the inefficient transfers from start of the program, the Indian growth cle be printed in the Extensions of Re­ producer to primary consumer to secondary rate was around 1.3 per cent per year. Now it marks. consumer, and so forth. is pushing 3 per cent. At the start of the There being no objection, the article There already are disturbing signs that program, the Indian population was about was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, our relatively meager present yield from the 370 m1llion; today it is around 550 million. as follows: sea will be threatened by overexploitation of After 16 years of efforts it is estimated that fisheries as the world's protein shortage gets only 2 per cent of India's 95 million couples THE FIGHT AGAINST FAMINE Is ALREADY LoST more acute. And what of farming the sea? of reproductive age practice contraception (By Paul Ehrlich) The insignificant bit that we do now (much systematically. The battle to feed humanity ls over. Un­ less than 1/10 of 1 per cent of the yield) is Recently India has been talking about like battles of military forces, it is possible done along the shoreline and is best viewed compulsory sterilization for all males who to know the results of the population-food as an extension of terrestrial farming. No have sired three or more children. Ignoring -conflict while the armies are still "in the deep-sea farming is done now, even experi­ the political, sociological, legal and moral field." mentally-and we lack the technical knowl­ problems such a program would encounter, Sometime between 1970 and 1985, the edge even if we wished to start. there is still the vast logistic problem. world wm undergo vast famines. Hundreds Some very optimistic people think that As A. S. Parkes recently pointed out, even of m1llions of people are going to starve to with colossal effort and strict international if the victims could be rounded up, it would death. That is, they will starve to death controls, we might conceivably almost dou­ take 1000 surgeons or parasurgeons operat­ unless plague, thermonuclear war or some ble our y;ield from the sea in the next decade ing eight hours a day, five days a week, eight other agent kills them first. or so. But it should be obvious to all that years to sterilize existing candidates. And CXIV--381-Part 5 6040 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 the stock of candidates grows by leaps and socially unpalatable and politically unrealis­ crease of yield while minimizing environ­ bounds daily. tic, but, unfortunately, the time when sugar­ mental deterioration. Furthermore, developing countries wm not coated solutions could be effective is now long The United States should use its power be saved by any of the other panaceas, such gone. and prestige to bring extreme diplomatic as the "p111," the IUD or "family planning," A TAX ON DIAPERS and/or economic pressure on any country so beloved of the technological and social The first step would be to establish a Fed­ or organization impeding a solution to the optimists. The "p111" requires consistent be­ eral Population Commission with a large world's most pressing problem. The United havior, and people don't behave consistently. budget for propaganda-propaganda which States has gone against world opinion in The IUD has long-range potential, but has encourages reproductive responsibility. This other areas--why not in the most important been far from a panacea. commission would be charged with making area? For instance, a concentrated program of clear the connection between rising popula­ Runaway human population growth is, IUD insertions was initiated in Hong Kong, tion and lowering quality of life. It would in many ways, analogous to the runaway which has had_"family planning" for 31 years also be charged with the evaluation of en­ growth of cell populaitlons which we call and now has more than 50 birth control vironmental tinkering by other Government cancer. Today, attention remains focused on clinics. From 1963 to 1967, some 55,000 IUDS agencies-with protecting the United States the symptoms of the world's cancer-food were inserted in a population of roughly from projects such as the Federal Aviation shortage, environmental deterioration and, three-quarters of a million women between Agency's supersonic transports. to some extent, pestilence and war. the ages of 15 and 45. Of these, some 21,000 The second step would be to change Amer­ This focus must be shifted so that we IUDs have dropped out or been removed, the ican tax laws so that they discourage rather do not waste time treating symptoms while fate of the others being in doubt. On top of than encourage reproduction. Those who im­ the disease rages unchecked. The cancer must this, it has been reported that in one period pose the burden of children on society be excised. The operation may seem brutal of the program, the patients who received should, whenever they are able, be made to and callous and the pain may be intense. But assistance were usually about 31 years of age pay for the privilege. the disease is now so far advanced that only and already had had six children. The income tax system should eliminate all with radical surgery does the patient have Which brings us to "family planning." deductions for children and replace them any chance of survival. Justin Blackwelder of the Population Crisis with a graduated scale of increases. Luxury Committee summed it up very nicely: taxes should be placed on diapers, baby "Family planning means, among other things, bottles and baby foods. that if we are going to multiply like rabbits, It must be made clear to the American we should do it on purpose. One couple may population that it is socially irresponsible to Soviet Deep Sea Research Leads plan to have three children; another couple have large families. Creation of such a climate United States may plan seven. In both cases, they are a of opinion has played a large role in Japan's cause of the population problem-not a solu­ successful dealing with her population prob­ tion to it." lem. HON. BOB WILSON Populaition control is primarily a matter Third, the United States should pass Fed­ of human attitudes, not contraceptive tech­ eral laws which make instruction in birth OF CALIFORNIA nology. And human attitudes are not chang­ control methods mandatory in all public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing or being changed at anything like the schools. Federal legislation should also for­ Monday, March 11, 1968 rate necessary to minimize the coming catas­ bid state laws which limit the right of any trophe-a catastrophe which could not be woman to have an abortion which is ap- Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under avoided entirely even 1f men's minds were proved by her physician. · leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ transformed tomorrow. Fourth, the pattern of Federal support of ORD, I include the following: THE ONLY CHANCE biomedical research should be changed so (From the San Diego (Calif.) Union, Mar. 3, that the majority of it goes into the broad 1968) Mankind must now face the inevitab111ty areas of population regulation, environ­ of massive famines, and act accordingly. mental sciences, behavioral sciences and re­ SOVIET DEEP SEA RESEARCH LEADS UNITED Over the next few years, there must be an lated areas rather than into short-sighted STATES enormous propaganda campaign which will programs on death control. It is absurd to be (By Eve·rett S. Allen) focus all people's attention on the basic preoccupied with the medical equality of life cause of the famine-overpopulation. Every­ "The important thing about the Soviet until and unless the problem of quantity of oceanography program is not how large or one must be convinced that a reduction in life is solved. the human population size and its stabiliza­ how good it is, but the fact that it grew to Quantity is the first problem. If that one be roughly the equivalent of the U.S. effort tion at a reduced level are the only goals can be solved, perhaps we will buy the time which can give Homo Sapiens a long-range in less than 20 years." for scientists in fields such as biochemical This is the conclusion of Capt. T. K. Tread­ chance at health, happiness and prosperity. genetics to solve some of the problems of Men must learn to view the planet Earth well, deputy commander, U.S. Naval Ocean­ quality. If the quantity problem is not solved, ographic Office, writing a 1967 appraisal of as a spaceship with a strictly limited carry­ the quality problem will no longer bother us. ing capacity, and must reach a reasoned con­ the United States' position in marine sci­ sensus as to the ideal size of its human crew. PENALIZE THE PROLIFIC ences, compared to other major nations. They must realize that determination of crew If the Uni•ted States can attack the prob­ Capt. Treadwell continued: "Their growth size ls necessary before science and tech­ lem at home, it wm then be in a position rate in this area clearly exceeds that of the nology can design an optimum environment to bring its prestige and power to bear on United States. If they continue at the same for that crew. If these lessons can be learned, the world problem. Perhaps then the time rate and we continue at the same rate, they and man can get through the "time of of famines can be shortened. Even more im­ wm clearly be the world's leader in ocean­ famines" without a thermonuclear holocaust, portant, perhaps the educaitional ground· ography in another 20 years. then the future wm brighten considerably. work can be laid which wm permit further In similar vein, Dr. John P. Craven, chief That future, for better or for worse, now cycles of outbreak and crash in the human scientist of the Navy's Deep Submergence depends very heavily on the behavior of population to be avoided. The United States Systems Project, has commented: "Based. on Americans and the policies of their govern­ should: studies of the Interagency Committee on ment. The United States, as the only world Announce that it wlll no longer ship food Oceanography, President Kennedy in 1963 power with a prospect of food surpluses, to countries such as India where dispassion­ proposed a $2 bilUon, 10-year program to should take immediate action in two areas. ate analysis indicates that the unbalance be­ explore and develop the oceans. In four years, First, it must set an example for the world tween food and population is hopeless. As we have spent less than one-sixth of the by establishing a crash progratn to limit its suggested by the Paddocks, our insufficient amount President Kennedy estimated to be own serious "population explosion." Then it aid should be reserved for those whom it necessary to achieve the goals he set forth." must establish tough and realistic policies may save. Interviews with leaders in the field gen­ for dealing with the population crisis at the Refuse all foreign aid to any country with erally reflect tltis feeling-that we are doing international level. We can hope that other an increasing population which we believe much more in oceanography than we were Western countries will follow suit. ls not making a maximum effort to llmit 10 years ago but we ought to be doing more, Some biologists feel that compulsory its population. not only in terms of money, but man-hours family regulation would be required to sta­ Make available to all countries extensive devoted to research, planning, education and bilize the population of the United States aid in the technology of population control. tighter organization, as well. at a reasonable level--say 150 million Make available to all interested countries The effort is inhibited, in part, by the people. Americans are unlikely to take kindly massive aid for increasing the yield on land costs of Vietnam, as are many areaa of to the prospect, even though the alternative already under cultivation. The United States American life; it also suffers from govern­ way of stopping their population growth may most important export in this area should mental red tape; interagency rivalries lack be thermonuclear war. not be fertilizers but teachers who under­ of long-range planning; too little cross-dis­ I have proposed four less drastic steps stand not only agronomy but ecology and cipline scientific teamwork, and growing which might get the job done and which sociology as well. Centers should be estab­ pains, according to the ocean scientists would at least make American intentions lished in each developing country for train­ themselves. clear to the rest of the world. The steps are ing of technicians who can promote the in- Their concern stems from the faict that. March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6041 for one thing, the submarine threat to the sia has increased her production 100 per Cutback in Federal Aid Highway Funds: United States has been and is expected to cent to more than 5 million metric tons in remain a very serious consideration in de­ 1965'. or about 9 per cent of the total world Says AAA, It Is "the Highway Yo-Yo" fense planning. Yet, in the words of a presi­ catch. To.ta! U.S. fish production has re­ dential committee, we "hardly have sufficient maiined fairly static, averaging slightly be­ information on the ocean environment for low 3 million tons. It is conceivable that the HON. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON Navy antisubmarine warfare needs." Russians will lead the world in fl.sh produc­ OF WYOMING This is the .conclusion of the Panel on tion within the next decade." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Oceanography of the President's Science Ad­ Bureau of Commercial Fishery officials visory Committee (PSAC), which reported, would like to see their research budget ex­ Monday, March 11, 1968 "The most urgent aspect of fed.era! involve­ panded five times, from the present $28 mil­ Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, the ment in ocean science and technology for lion annually, and believe that, with develop­ the next five to 10 years relates to national ment of new, versatile vessels and accurate March 1968 issue of the American security in the strictly military sense." mapping of sea resources, the annual catch Motorist, published by the American · An important response to this lack lies in could be boosted from five bill1on to 28 billion Automobile Association, contains an edi­ a Navy program called ASWEPS-Antisub­ pounds. torial with which the people of Wyoming marine Warfare Environment Prediction Space satellite technology could revolution­ can find substantial agreement. Services-the purpose of which is to collect ize our task of learning about the oceans, but Entitled, "The Highway Yo-Yo," the data on ocean surface and subsurface con­ lack of funds is preventing full use of satel­ AAA editorial notes: ditions affecting naval operations, and fore­ lite technology by ocean scientists. casting these conditions. Dr. Richard C. Vetter, executive secretary, The recent $600 million cutback in Fed­ PSAC also found, "The general level of re­ National Academy of Sciences' Committee on eral-aid highway funds to the States is an search in the Navy's Man in the Sea Project, Oceanography, said: "The Navy has a mar­ obvious sledgehammer tactic to bludgeon aimed at enabling man to live and work in velous satellite navigation system receiver, Congress into passing the tax surcharge the ocean depths for an extended period, is expected to cost only $20,000 to $30,000 measure this year. inadequate. Insufficient attention has been apiece. We ought to have one on every The editorial continues by pointing given to biomedical problems of survival in oceanographic ship. The chances are slim out: the wet, cold, dark, high-pressure environ­ that we will have even three or four in the ment and our efforts in this field lag well next year. It is poor management to have If the nation's interstate highway program behind those of other countries." this capacity and send ships to sea without is ever going to be completed it must con­ An oceanographer. of nat1onal reputation it. There are many other instances of simi­ tinue in an orderly uninterrupted fashion, who works closely with the Navy was blunt lar frustration." free from the fl.seal yo-yo tactics of the pres­ in his evaluation: "Thie deep submergence The purpose of the 1966 National Sea ent Administration. search and rescue program is not adequately Grant College and Program Act was to I include the editorial at this paint integrated with the research program. The strengthen the pool of trained manpower, to in the RECORD: deep ocean r·esearcil program is grossly un­ strengthen applied research and to improve THE HIGHWAY Yo-Yo derfun-ded." the process of information transfer between The Administration has done it again. It It received $24 million for fl.seal 1967. This the federal government, states, departments was less than the amoun.t sought by the has announced a crushing $600 million cut­ within academic institutions and sectors of back in Federal-aid highway funds to the Deep Submergence Rescue Group, which, industry. prompted by the loss of the submarine states, an obvious sledgehammer tactic to The problem of the moment is that appli­ bludgeon Congress into passing the tax; sur­ Thresher with its entire crew, urged develop­ cation for funds from scientific and techno­ ment of Navy sear-ch and recovery capabili­ charge measure this year. logical communities has exceeded available What the average motorist may not under­ ties through a program that would cost $300 money-for fiscal 1968, Congress appropriated million over 10 years. stand is that this cutback in funds isn't a $4 million-by 10 to 1 and Sen. Claiborne money-saving measure. It is akin to a bank "The Man in the Sea Project lags behind Pell, D-R.I., author of the Sea Grant Act, industry in operating depths," said the ocean­ president informing his customers that they fears that budget-cutting legislators may not may not remove any funds from. their sav­ ographer of national reputation. "Supporting grant the programs the $10 million he feels research, that is the physiology of diving to ings accounts. The Highway Trust Fund is a is essential for normal growth in fiscal 1969. "savings account" made up of money pa.id deep depths, is lacking suppor-t." Red tape government financing also is a Rear Adm. O. D. Waters Jr., oceanographer by highway users in the form of various headache. Dr. William A. Neirenberg, director, taxes. Money in this fund cannot, by law, be of the Navy, was more restrained, but con­ Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said, ceded, "Sometimes there are lean budget used for anything other than for highway "There is a bureaucratic barrier between sci­ construction. years. We could use more in deep submer­ entists who should know what ought to be gence a.nd ocean -engineering. Deep rescue and When President Johnson signed the Fed­ done, and the people in government who eral-Aid Highway Act of 1964 into law he deep search programs are very costly." can make the funds available. If the govern­ Navy reaction to PSAC's recommendation said the Interstate highway program "is not ment wants to send a man to the moon, it costing the General Fund of the United that it step up d·evelopment of new tech­ finds a way of explaining this simply, of get­ nology for ocean explora;tion or turn over States Treasury a single cent ... this is one ting instant communication between scien­ of our best investments.... " the responsibility to a civHian agency was tists and legislators, but our programs have prompt. lt cr·eated DOT-Deep Ocean Tech­ If the nation's Interstate Highway pro­ to be explained endlessly." gram is ever going to be completed, it must nology-which is concerned with extending Other scientists echoed the view that "if the operating range of the submarine to continue in an orderly, uninterrupted fash­ we had one government agency to deal with ion. free from the fl.seal Yo-Yo tactics of great depths; advancing the technology of instead of 20, at least we would know wheth­ deep submergence systems and antisub­ the present Administration. er we were or were not going to get money. In October, 1966, some $4.4 billion in funds marine warfare techniques, and developing Individual agencies give us an atmosphere of new materials, power sources, structures, was apportioned to the states for high­ unstable budgets." ways. One month later the funds were cut by equipment and instruments to support ad­ Oceanographers hope their reports will of­ vanced weapons systems in and on the sea $1.1 billion. fer an answer to those who think we should In February, 1967, the funds were restored. floor. be doing more in marine science, who share For these and related projects of ocean­ In August, 1967, some $4.74 bilUon in funds with Dr. Vetter the belief that "within the was apportioned and in January, 1968, they ographic research, the Navy has asked that framework of 50 to 100 years, any large coun­ its annual fundi.ng, now at about $300 mil­ were cut by $600 million. try will have to have access to the resources An effective Federal-aid highway program lion, be increased to $1 billion by 1970. of the ocean for survival:" Meanwhllie, Russia clearly ls surpassing simply cannot exist with this kind of ac­ the U.S. in shipping and fishing. Both closely tivity. related not only to economic health, but national securi.ty as well. Mr. Speaker, Wyoming is expected to Donald L. McKiernan, special assistant to The "Pueblo": How Long, Mr. President? lose some $20 million in Federal aid high­ the secretary of state, says: "Between 1955 way funds because of this so-called infla­ and 1965, the Sovtet Union increased its an­ tionarY measure. The continuity of one nual fl.sh catch 140 per cent, and the U.S. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE of the most progressive highway pro­ annual ca.tch remained stable. Since World OF IOWA grams in the United States will be War II, the U.S. has fallen from second to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES broken, and when the funds are at last fifth place in world ocean food production released, as they must be under law, they and we are apt to fall lower." Monday, March 11, 1968 will buy less highway than could have Charles L. Philbrook, Bureau of Commer­ cial Fisheries, Gloucester: "In a brief span Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is the been purchased this year because the of 10 years, the U.S.S.R. has overtaken the 49th day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her crew funds will have been debilitated by U.S. in fish production. In the process, Rus- have been in North Korean hands. inflation. 6042 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 Further, if the funds are being with­ groups. Certainly its objective is a worthy this same magnificent occasion, Dr. held this year to "dampen inflationary one, and it seems to fall in an area where Frizzell was named to the prestigious pressures," they will certainly raise Federal-state cooperation could be useful. Anderson County Council of Honor. havoc with these pressures when they It was with deep regret that Senate are released en bloc next year or the duties presented my attendance at this year after. Or does the administration memorable dinner, but I sent a letter envision not releasing the funds at all? A Tribute to Bonner Frizzell, a Patriarch of tribute to Dr. Frizzell, dated February Fortunately, there are indications that of East Texas 13, 1968, which I understand was read a new administration will return reason during the dinner. to highway policy when the 1969 calen­ I ask unanimous consent that the fol­ dar year rolls around. But for the bal­ HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH lowing material relating to the life of ance of calendar 1968, the States will ap­ OF TEXAS Dr. Bonner Frizzell and to the recent parently have to seek piecemeal relief IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES dinner honoring that life be printed in from the excesses of a cutback which Monday, March 11, 1968 the Extensions of Remarks to the REC­ makes neither dollars nor sense. ORD: As the AAA says: Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, it There being no objection, the items An effective Federal-aid highway program was my good fortune to grow up in an were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, simply cannot exist with this kind of ac­ area of Texas that has been and contin­ as follows: tivity. ues to be blessed with great human wealth-a wealth best measured by the ANDERSON COUNTY COUNCIL OF HONOR depth of character that has been bred DINNER HONORING DR. BONNER FRIZZELL Safety in Youth Camps Invocation, Dr. Robert L. Badgett, Pastor, there. I speak of the east Texas region First Christian Church, Palestine. around Henderson and Anderson Coun­ "The Old Schoolmaster," Don Norton, HON. JACOB K. JAVITS ties, an area that was home to such all­ Master of Ceremonies. OF NEW YORK time Texas greats as John H. Reagan, Unveiling of Portrait, M. D. Stewart, James S. Hogg, Tom M. Campbell, and Former Principal, Palestine High School. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 0. M. Roberts. Touch With History, Mrs. E. E. Tucker, Monday, March 11, 1968 These are men remembered and hon­ President, United Daughters Confederacy. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, this month ored in Texas for their devotion to hu­ School and Church, W. C. Wylie, Former we will greet the advent of spring, the man progress and for their life-long ef­ Teacher, Palestine Schools. fort to strengthen what Professor Joe B. The Unforgettable Character, Charles W. gentle harbinger of the summer to come, Wooldridge, Executive Vice President, T P when 6 million young Americans will Frantz, of the University of Texas, has and L Co., Dallas, Texas. go to summer resident or day camps. I described as: Presentation of Plaque, Harry Myers, At­ feel certain that as legislators and as The tenuous but continuous thread of torney, Life-long friend. parents we share the same concern for freedom that has woven itself through Texas, Benediction, Don Norton. the well-being of these children. How­ the Southwest, and the United States since Cabeza da Vaca first dented our topsoil. INSCRIPTION ON PLAQUE ever, it is estimated that less than half We Humbly Honor Dr. Bonner Frizzell, of all camps meet minimum safety As a youth in and around Chandler, Schoolmaster, Educator, Historian, Who standards, and, as the Washington Post Henderson County, Tex., it was my Taught, Lived, Recorded, and Became A Part has pointed out, while camp safety is pleasure to grow up in the midst of men of the Proud History of His County. primarily a State responsibility, only a who were the inheritors and proud Andersop County Council of Honor Feb­ few States have adequate regulations, bearers of this great tradition. Among ruary 16, 1968. and 19 States provide no regulation the finest of these was the respected whatsoever. It is to meet this need that [From the Elkhart (Tex.) Eagle, May 16, superintendent of the Palestine, Tex., 1963] S. 1473, the Youth Camp Safety Act, of independent school district, Dr. Bonner which I am a cosponsor, was introduced DR. BONNER FRIZZELL: THE OLD SCHOOL­ Frizzell. This eminent educator, who MASTER last year. This measure, which has the labored 36 years in the area as teacher active support of the American Camping In his 81 years, Dr. Bonner Frizzell, Ander­ and administrator before he retired in son County's bearded and beloved "old Association, is pending before the Com­ 1950, has been a major inspiration and schoolmaster", rose from McGuffey's Reader mittee on Labor and Public Welfare; it source of strength to me throughout the and a Blueback speller in a one-room merits consideration by the committee. years, just as he has inspired countless school-to a college professor. He has spent I ask unanimous consent that the others in subsequent generations. all his life furthering the cause of educa­ Washington Po'st editorial, entitled Bonner Frizzell, originally from Hen­ tion. "Safety in Youth Camps," be printed in derson County, was a friend of ncy fa­ "It is a great adventure-" he says, speak­ the Extensions of Remarks. ing of his life and many experiences. "Deal­ thers and a friend of mine. Our families ing with human personalities is the most There being no objection, the editorial have been friends for generations. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, rewarding thing on earth." This man of strong convictions, borne Dr. Frizzell was born in Pine Grove Com­ as follows: of noble ideals, refused to stand aside munity, between Palestine and Athens, on SAFETY IN YOUTH CAMPS from the action and passion of his time, February 16, 1882. He attended high school Every parent of the 6,000,000 children who and his life has been a major force for in Athens, and later, Bruce Academy there. attend resident or day camps or participate human progress far beyond his imme­ He built bridges for the railroad, worked in organized tours each year doubtless has diate range of influence. His is the great­ in a clay and tile plant, and then clerked in some concern for their safety. Yet it is esti­ a bank. At the age of eighteen, when school­ mated that less than half of the camps of ness that is the true greatness of Texas. teaching was merely a matter of keeping this type functioning in the United States If one seeks to know what is the true one lesson ahead of the pupil, he began his meet minimum safety standards. Accidents spirit of Texas, and if one would know long career of education. Here he saw the are frequent, and it is difficult for parents what it means to be a Texan, one would need of more advanced learning, so he en­ to determine whether the camps to which do well to reflect on the life of Bonner tered Texas Christian University, where he their children may go are properly managed Frizzell. worked his way to a B.A. Degree. While in the from the viewpoint of safety. college, he was secretary to the President Senator Ribicoff is attempting to do some­ Mr. President, on February 16, 1968, and Captain of the football team. He was thing about the problem by sponsoring a bill the people of east Texas honored Dr. four times class president and one time the to set up Federal standa.rds for youth camp Frizzell on his 86th birthday. During a president of the entire student body. Writing safety. His measure would encourage the birthday dinner at Palestine, Tex., a fascinated him, and he served on all the states to accept those standards and to pro­ portrait of this great schoolmaster, school publications. In 1909, the year he vide camp inspection machinery, with the painted by Miss Osjetea Briggs, was un­ received his B.A. Degree, he was also the aid of Federal grants. The problem is pri­ veiled. The board of trustees of the class orator. marily one for the states to deal with, but Palestine independent school district After graduation, Bonner Frizzell earned only a few st::ttes have adequate regulations money to go to the Pulitzer School of Jour­ of their own and 19 states provide no regula­ paid tribute to him that night by an­ nalism at Columbia University by working tion whatever of youth camps. nouncing their unanimous decision to as news editor of the Waco News Tribune. The bill has the support of the American name the new Palestine High School While at Columbia, he worked as the direc­ Camping Association and of several similal' library the Bonner Frizzell Library. At tor of employment service and answered a March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS letter from Texas, he took the job he was [From the Palestine (Tex.) Herald-Press, gious groups and holds life membership in a offered as a professor, and then taught there Dec. 15, 1967] number of these. He has been president of an until 1913. DR. BONNER FRIZZELL To BE HONORED impressive number of such groups and vice That fall, he accepted an offer from Pales­ FOR SERVICE president of the Texas State Teachers Associ­ tine Public School System to act as a prin­ ation. cipal of Rusk Elementary School. That same (By Ernest Jones) In 1950, he was chairman of the Palestine year, he married Miss Jennie Elizabeth Kel­ "Je suis pret--I am ready," is the motto of City Charter Commission. His civic activities ler. Six years later, he became superintendent a Palestine man singled out to receive have been wide and numerous and he has and business manager of the Palestine Pub­ "flowers for the living." had had a long and deep interest and partici­ lic Schools, a position he held for thirty-one On his 86th birthday, Friday, Feb. 16, the pation in public and political affairs. years, until his retirement in 1950. Anderson County Council of Honor Will pay Published studies, essays, sketches and arti­ During his administration, Dr. Frizzell tribute to Dr. Bonner Frizzell for his notable cles are too numerous to list, and he has no made the Palestine School System into contributions to education and the history less than 57 manuscripts not yet published, one of the fl.nest in the state. Always the of Anderson County. He will receive a plaque many of these of historical significance. builder, he improved the schools by con­ and a portrait. His research of Anderson County historical structing more buildings, and by adding Osjetea Briggs, counselor for the council, material has been prodigious. more on to those already bullt. As a part of announced today the annual selection made His self-listed hobbies include Texas folk­ a vast improvement plan, a new Rusk Ele­ by the council, an anonymous group of citi­ lore, local history, hobbies, "Catomania" and mentary School was constructed, a new gym­ zens who have presented such awards each "Oognomania" (for more than 50 years he nasium and a band hall built for Palestine year since 1954. Miss Briggs is painting a por­ has collected pictures and stories of ca ts and High School, and several other improve­ trait of Dr. Frizzell to be presented to him. varied spelling of his own name involving ments made in the overall system. By 1939, "We are planning a testimonial for Dr. more than 1,000 patronymic deviations. the Palestine School System had ten modern Frizzell to be held in the John H. Reagan In 1899-1902 he was a private in Company buildings which would accommodate 3,000 Room of the Sadler Motor Hotel on his birth­ G, Third Texas Volunteer Guard. In 1903-05, students and eighty teachers. For a while, Dr. day," Miss Briggs announced. he was sergeant of the TCU Cadet Corps. Frizzell owned the radio station K.N.E.T., She said the setting for the occasion is fit­ He has traced his ancestry back to the and during the time, the high school had ting because of Dr. Frizzell's particular in­ Fraser-Frazier Clan of Norman origin in Scot­ broadcasting equipment right in the build­ terest in matters pertaining to the early his­ land. He is a descendant of Nathan Frizzell ing. As superintendent, he maintained strict tory of this county so long dominated by the of Maryland, a Revolutionary War soldier. discipline and down through the years, his distinguished statesman, "the Old Roman" Dr. Frizzell was married June 26, 1913, to students spoke with reverence of him and of Palestine. Jennie Elizabeth Keller of Palestine, daugh­ the "mark they toed." Dr. Frizzell, dubbed a full Kentucky Colo­ ter of William Victor and Henrietta Keller. Dr. Frizzell retired in 1950 ending his long nel earlier this year by the governor of Ken­ Their two children are Jean Elizabeth (Mrs. career as a hired servant to education. How­ tucky, was born Feb. 16, 1882, and reared on J. Tuggle) and Eunice Louise (Mrs. R. C. ever, as its chief ambassador, and as a a farm in the Pine Grove community in Hen­ Royston). staunch supporter of the Palestine school and derson County. He is the son of William Asa­ The distinguished former educator is con­ its students, he fills speaking engagements hoel and Frances Missouri Knight Frizzell. fined to a wheelchair at present due to arth­ before their groups, Parent Teacher Orga­ He attended rural schools in Henderson ritis in Southern Heritage Retirement Home nizations and Civic Clubs. He is a life mem­ County and high school and Bruce Academy in Palestine. ber in the Texas State Teachers Association, in Athens, took a business course at Tyler The Texas Congress of Parents & Teachers, and went on to Texas Christian University [From the Palestine (Tex.) Herald-Press, East Texas School Men's Club, and the An­ (including the Academy) 1903-09, where he Feb. 18, 1968) was class and student council president. He derson County School Executives. He is listed HONOR PAID TO DR. FRIZZELL in "Teachers in Education," in "Who in The was an editor on various student publications South & Southwest," and also "Who's Who including Cap & Gown Daily during his col­ (By Ernest Jones) in Communication & Transportation." lege career, and later did graduate work at "In the words of Tiny Tim, 'God bless and He is a Historian and an Educator. He Columbia University and University of Texas. keep us all.' " is coauthor of the Texas supplement of Our At TCU he captained the 1906 football Thus Bonner Frizzell, "the old school­ Government, the State adopted Civic text­ team, was a letterman four years and won master," brought to a close a touching pro­ book. He has written many articles for news­ the Mitchell Medal in Oratory. He was class gram in his honor Friday night on his 86th papers, and does research in local and family orator in 1909, publicity director in 1908-09 birthday at the Anderson County Council of histories. and part-time secretary to the president two Honor annual dinner in the John Reagan By nature, Dr. Frizzell is a philosopher. He years. Room of the Sadler Motor Hotel, where 200 does most of what he calls his "philosizing" He taught two 3Y:z-month terms in Mere­ stood and cheered his entry in a wheelchair. about education. He believes in a strict dith Chapel rural school in Henderson If prophets have been slighted by their "standard" education. He firmly believes that Ooun ty and was an instructor at Texas A&M neighbors, none ever can foresay a like fate as long as the students master thoroughly two years, including one year ·as publicity for Palestine's senior educator, historian and such subjects as language, math, government director of that college. churchman. By resolution of the board of and the classics, they will be able to pre­ Dr. Frizzell was principal of a Palestine trustees of the Palestine Independent School pare for the future. Because of all the new grade school from 1913-18 and on the faculty District, the new Palestine High School Li­ vistas in science, there will be great changes, of various summer college schools. He was brary became officially the Bonner Frizzell in all things, but the standard subjects will director of summer normals of the University Library, where finally a magnificent portrait never change, nor will the need for them ever of Texas three years. During World War I, he of Dr. Frizzell is destined to hang. vary. served as Army YMCA educational director. And from Washington, Ralph W. Yar­ -The beard-? In 1953, he had a heart In 1919, he was chief supervisor of rura! borough, Texas' senior U.S. senator, hailed attack. The doctor forbid his shaving. A schools and chairman of the Teacher Place­ the honor guest as the surviving member of barber was too inconvenient, and the old ment Bureau, state Department of Educa­ a triumvirate of Texas Patriarchs, thus ele­ schoolmaster would not risk his wife so near tion. vating Dr. Frizzell to the rank of the late his throat with a razor-so he grew the beard. He was superintendent and business man­ Walter Prescott Webb and J. Frank Dobie. Well meaning friends and acquaintances are ager of Palestine Public Schools from 1919 to Sen. Yarborough, in a letter read at the forever advising him as to how to trim it. 1950, and served also as secretary of the dinner by Osjetea Briggs, called Bonner­ Some prefer the goatee look, while others school board, 1923-50. Frizzell "a beacon light for the last genera­ like his "Moses" appearance better. His wife Along with all these activities, Dr. Frizzell tion. He has been a beacon light for this· has given up in her efforts to get him to worked as a carpenter on the T&NO Railroad, generation. He will be a beacon light for the shave it off. He declares that it's warm in the bank clerk, court reporter and abstracter, next generation. May, we have many gen­ winter, and that it provides insulation in news editor of the Waco Tri·bune, special erations who follow in his footsteps and. the summer. The old schoolmaster wears his agent of the U.S. Census Bureau of Manu­ emulate him. God bless Bonner Frizzell, the beard and his age-with great dignity. factlf,rers. kind of life he's lived and the things he An eloquent speaker, at a recent dinner He was an acting director of the Columbia stands for.'' for school executives, he said, "I am pre­ Universi·ty student employment bureau, a The dinner program was a happy one. Don pared to believe that we are advancing ... member of the Texas State Textbook Com­ Norton, master of ceremonies, moved it along that we are strengthening our teacher train­ mission, correspondent for the Dallas News with wit and brevity. ing." and Houston Post, first owner of Radio Sta­ M. D. Stewart, former high school princi­ There was a note of pathos in his voice. tion KNET, 1936-40, and chairman of the pal, unveiled the portrait of Dr. Frizzell. "Old' The listener could look back across the boards of directors of the National Educa­ principals never die. They just lose their­ years he had walked through the field of tors Life Insurance Company, Educa·tors Au­ faculties," Stewart quipped. education during its most formative times, tomobile Insurance Company, Educwtors In­ Miss Ethen Reed, "Girl Friday" to Dr. and knew that nowhere in all the tomor­ vestment Corporaition and Educators Invest­ Frizzell and two other superintendents, rows of the young people present--would ever ment Life Insurance Company. made the surprise announcement that the be the grand adventure the old schoolmas­ He has been affi.liated with numerous Board of Trustees by resolution had paid' ter knew. learned societies, clvlc, educa.tlona.l and reli- tribute to Frizzell's 36 years of services ta, 6044 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 the local public schools by naming Bonner Here, the young Wooldridge associated On Feb. 16, his 76th birthday, Anderson Frizzell Library to perpetuate his name. The with big people, but when he went home to County's Council of Honor saluted him with resolution recited accomplishments for the the Glen Garden tour.nament in Fort Worth a banquet in tribute for his contributions school system and education for which it with Frizzell as a guest ln his parents' home, to education and history. gave him credit and paid tribute to his serv­ there, Wooldridge ruefully related., he was ices and scholarship. exposed as "just little Charlie" to his home FOR GOD'S CHILDREN Mrs. E. E. Tucker, Elkhart, president of the folks. Dr. Frizzell, with a great gray beard that Davis-Reagan Chapter, United Daughters of "We were at opposite ends of the pole on hides his smile, takes pleasure in looking the Confederacy, spoke of Dr. Frizzell's fam­ many issues. We discussed our differences of back to the days of the land. ily links with the Confederacy and how they opinion. Of 10 issues, I suppose we disagreed. "The pioneers called it the country for influenced his life. Two of his uncles fought on about eight. But because of his candor God's children," he said. "They were im­ in the war and one witnessed. the tragic and understanding, we forged. a respect and pressed by the grass, the running waters, the death of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. a cameraderie which, so long as I walk this fl.sh and game. Frizzell always was deeply interested in that earth, will make him an unforgettable char­ "They were cultivators of the soil. Thrifty historic period and was a speaker at many acter to me," Mr. Wooldridge said with deep people, religious and hard-working. UDO and Sons of Confederate Veterans' func­ feeling. "And they multiplied and replenished the tions, serving the Sons of the Confederacy Then he told about the chairs that the earth with their descendants.'' Howdy Martin Camp at Athens as historian. schools had bought. Mr. Frizzell demanded BORN IN LOG HOUSE His maternal grandfather, Kindred. K. they be of a certain make or its equivalent, Dr. Frizzell, one of those descendants. was Knight, was ex officio chairman of the draft and a stalemate developed over whether the born in a one-room log house in Henderson board during the Civil War. "equivalent" chairs were as good as the County. "History is of the past but it is for the famous name brand. Mr. Frizzell didn't think Like the other boys, he dug potatoes, future. The future is made on the influences so. Wooldridge was nominated as arbitrator chopped cotton and harvested corn. of the past. Dr. Frizzell has reflected. that of the chair squabble. He was a husky young But he also attended the rural schools cultural heritage to upcoming generations." man. He smashed into the substitute chair and went on to Texas Christian University Mrs. Tucker went on to say, "We never had and it broke into pieces. No one said a word, where he was both captain of the football to call on the Rangers or Sherlock Holmes to and Frizzell got the chair he preferred. team and class orator. find out where Dr. Frizzell stood on any In times when loafing and stealing seem He then returned to the rural schools of issue." to be condoned, when hippies and weed Henderson County, this time as a teacher The Old South never bred a truer gentle­ smoking appear glorified and glamorized, for $35 a month. man, a more courtly or cultivated personage while irresponsibility is almost accepted, "I taught them from a Blue Back Speller or a more honorable citizen than Dr. Frizzell, Wooldridge suggested two things as needed: and there was none of this so-called progres­ she concluded. 1. Men flexible enough to accept progress: sive education," he said. W. C. (Clint) Wylie, himself a former He (Frizzell) has been "years ahead of his Palestine educator, spoke as a longtime asso­ time." 2. Stab111ty to cling to the eternal CLASSES MARRY ciate, expressing deep appreciation of Dr. virtues. Dr. Frizzell recognizes God as the His high school consisted of two students, Frizzell and his family. author of truth. His moral code does not a girl in geometry and a boy ln algebra. From the time he came to the Palestine change. "I submit that Dr. Frlzzell's life, his "All went well until the Christmas vaca­ schools in 1919, the schools were "his life," old-fashioned virtues, the stab111ty of his tion when my algebra class married my Mr. Wylie said of Frizzell. "He started. from foundation, is what the world needs." geometry class and I lost my high school." scratch and did a marvelous job. His leader­ In closing, Mr. Wooldridge said this old Dr. Frizzell then went on to work his way ship was of the very highest ... He didn't world is a little bit better because of the life through those many fields, finally becoming look favorably on frills and furbelows. He and works of "this unforgettable character, superintendent of Palestine schools in 1919 said the greatest thing was the teacher in this warm friend of mine and yours-our be­ and remaining until 1950. the classroom. He was a real scholar." loved professor, Bonner Frizzell." And he watched as others left the land. Wylie told how Dr. Frlzzell worked at Another long-time friend, Attorney Harry "They diversified to fill public office, to be­ Austin with Henry Stilwell of Texarkana to I. Myers, presented. a plaque to Dr. Frizzell. come teachers and preachers, workers along obtain more money for Texas schools. He de­ "My heart is full of love for him because he the highway and shipbuilders on the Gulf," scribed. the educator as a "purist in speech gave me love," Mr. Myers said. He had known he said. "The way of life changed but not and thought," as a person with a most un­ Frizzell sinoo he came to Palestine and the people.'' usual vocabulary, a "born schoolmaster" who through all those years learned. to love and "It had been the simple life, the rustle life was meticulous with the taxpayer's money respect him. of the time," he said. "But we were happy. and believed. in getting full value for a school "I didn't always agree with him. He was We had our amusements and diversions. dollar. thinking ahead. I'm proud to be selected to "He found a rundown school system and deliver this plaque. There is a saying, 'Things RECALLS RUSTIC LIFE began working immediately to improve it." we do for ourselves die with us. Those things "There were the play parties when young Mr. Wylie also paid tribute to Dr. Frizzell's we do for others live forever.'" people came from far and near to dance the work in the First Christian Church as a The plaque was presented. on behalf of Virginia Reel and sing the songs of the deacon, elder and Sunday School teacher, the Council of Honor and acting for the South. It was also an occasion for courtship. member of the TCU and Jarvis Christian citizens of Palestine and Anderson County. "There were the square dances with the College board of trustees. Dr. Frizzell was asked. if he wished to fiddle and guitar. The young people made Frizzell devised. about 1932 a way to pay speak. He had his chair wheeled to the the floor rock, all of which was disapproved teachers 12 monthly checks instead of nine, speaker's stand, where he stood and spoke of by the churches. The preachers would bear something that was of tremendous benefit slowly and distinctly. down on these sinful ways and cast the cul­ to the teachers which has spread over the "I am grateful beyond words. It is beyond prits from the congregation. Then they would country since. And he obtained provisions my capacity to express my gratitude,'' he repent and return to the fold. for sick leave and other improvements for said. "There were the revivals and camp meet­ the tee.ching profession. He told a brief joke, and closed. with the ings which would last for weeks with preach­ Charles W. Wooldridge, Dallas, executive words of Tiny Tim. ers of all denominations. vice president of the Texas Power & light Dr. Frlzzell's wife, his two daughters, two "And the political roundups. If you were Company, who has served with that firm 1r1 nephews and two sisters-in-law were intro­ a Confederate soldier-particularly if you years, spoke of Dr. Frizzell as a friend with duced. by Toastmaster Norton at the open­ had been wounded-you were reelected. And whom he could differ on many things and ing of the program. the polLtical orators with their flourishes. still hold in the highest esteem. When one would make a particularly stir­ With warm humor, Wooldridge spoke of [From the Houston (Tex.) Chronicle, Feb. ring point, the young men would kick their h1s association with Dr. Frizzell when 25, 1968) heels and strut like prancing jackasses. Wooldridge, a young engineering graduate "The great orators are all gone now." FROM SOIL OF EAST TEXAS TO CEMENT OF THE from a then somewhat unrecognlzed school MEMORIES REMAIN (Texas Tech) who was trying to get up in CITIES the world, spent six of the "happiest years (By Joe Murray) Today, the small farms are also gone, re­ of my life.. among the red hills, the pines East Texans, a people whose pioneer fami­ placed by a few large ones. and the wonderful people here. He tried to lies sank their roots in the earth along side The potatoes, corn and cotton have been trace the route he traveled. to the realization the pine trees, today have been separated replaced by beef, timber and dairy products. of "what a wondedul man this (Dr. Frizzell) from the soil and set down in the cement The rich soil of the valley and the plains is." of the cities. took the cotton. The rich wages of the cities He and Frizzell often played golf together Dr. Bonner Frizzell of Palestine left the took the men. at Meadowbrook. No. 4, a par 3 hole, was the land at age 16 to seek the world of wisdom. "But you know," Dr. Frizzell said. "When nemesis for all but Frizzell, who, standing on Today, his name ls followed by an alpha­ I was making $35 a month as a schoolmaster, the wrong side, would fire off a drive that bet of degrees and his fields have varied I saved more money than I ever did in later rolled down and around a slant and back from carpenter, bank clerk and court re­ life. onto the green. porter to educator, a.uthor and orator. "There was no occasion to spend." March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6045 SENATE OFFICE BUILDING, for the last generation. He has been a bea­ strategic nuclear aircraft capability and our Washington, D.C., February 13, 1968. con light for this generation. He will be a defense in this area, down through combat Miss 0SJETEA BRIGGS, beacon light for the next generation. May aircraft, tanks, vehicles, bombs and ainmuni­ Palestine, Tex. we have many generations who follow in tion for the M-16 rifle, have been so widely DEAR MISS BRIGGS: From my early boyhood his footsteps and emulate him. God bless publicized that no point will be achieved by a.t Chandler, Henderson County, 25 miles Bonner Frizzell, the kind of life he's lived, reta.bulating them here. from Athens, the county seat, I would hear and the things he stands for. We have pursued nuclear "parity" to the my father come home from Athens and He ennobles Democracy. He typifies free point where we are about to be on the losing mention the names Frizzell a.nd Owens. Not men. He gives us a standard to work toward. end of the megaton gap. until a. half-century later, when Bonner Men like Bonner Frizzell are needed in these Despite the vast and proven superiority of Frizzell published his historical and genea­ times. nuclear propulsion for combatant surface logical book on the Ow.ens a.nd Frizzell fa.m­ Sincerely yours, ships, only a handful of navy ships now un­ mes did I realize that the two families were RALPH W. YARBOROUGH. der construction will be so equipped. Al­ closely related. though our naval forces currently outnumber The Frizzell family was a great and hon­ those of the U.S.S.R., the Soviet Navy ls grow­ ored family in my home county of Hender­ ing rapidly and ours is not. Furthermore, the son and I became acquainted with its edu­ Is the United States Really the World's preponderance of Soviet naval power is in new cational leadership in the three years that ships; ours in ships of World War II vintage. I taught in the rural schools of Henderson Strongest Nation 1 New, modern Soviet ships include 19 County in the 1920's. cruisers, 170 destroyers, destroyer escorts, From that personal acquaintance, Bonner and frigates, many armed with surface-to­ FriZzell, a prestigious superintendent of the HON. BOB WILSON surfa.ce missiles; almost 600 motor torpedo Palestine Independent School District, sup­ OF CALIFORNIA boats, many also missile-armed; and the ported me in a. race for Attorney Genera.I in largest submarine fleet in the history of the 1938, though he had to proceed with care IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.s world 360 seagoing boats, 55 of them nuclear~ and circumspection because his actions were Monday, March 11, 1968 powered. not approved by some or all of the school board of Palestine. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under And in the vita.I para-military merchant marine fleet, unless the United States takes Years later in retirement, after a. distin­ leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ guished career as one of the leading school prompt and drastic action to revitalize our ORD, I include the following article from dying merchant marine, it won't be very long administrators of Texas, he grew a great the San Diego, Calif., Union of March 3, beard, worthy of a riverboat captain, a poet, before the rapidly expanding, thoroughly or an author, looking like Longfellow or 1968: modern and aggressive Soviet merchant fleet William Cullen Bryant. Someone asked him Is THE UN11'ED STATES REALLY THE drives U.S. flag shipping from the seven seas. why he grew a beard. Characteristically he_ WORLD'S STRONGEST NATION? How about personnel? said, "I no longer have to report to a boa.rd; (By Vice Adm. Ruthven E. Libby, No less an authority than Rep. L. Mendel now I a.m free." When I heard it, I thought of U.S. Navy, retired) Rivers, chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, urged recently that our reserve the eggshells he walked on in supporting me For at least the last seven years we Ameri­ in that thirty-years-ago race of 1938. forces be called up in order to fill "a danger­ cans have smugly accepted administration ous gap" in our defenses. He declared that That was only another beginning, another assurances that the United States of America starter, after our earlier acquaintance. Ohr the Marine Corps deployments in Vietnam is the most powerful nation on earth-a cannot be maintained without extending friendship grew and in the early 1950's, when statement that millions of our citizens have the time ca.me for the Democratic Party to interpreted to mean that no further effort by tours of duty unless there is a reserve callup. be submerged or to fight, Bonner Frizzell was them either to support or to defend them­ The latest airlift of 10,500 men to Vietnam, one of the stalwarts in that fight. He was not selves is required. he said, has weakened strategic forces in the a mere supporter. Like a. mighty oak, he was United States, affected our ab111ty to meet Adoption of this philosophy by all our citi­ other contingencies, a.nd sent men be.ck to a comforting shade under which one could zens would, of course, destroy whatever take refuge from the hot winds of great war who had been back from Vietnam as power we now possess in short order. By the little as 60 days. economic and political power in Texas. He same token, our national power currently is was a staunch rod upon which to lean. He being seriously eroded by other philosophies What of the over-all state of training? was a mighty force, with his intellect and which, if they become more widespread in Probably the present shape of the Atlantic his courage. Patriarch Bonner FriZzell of this country, also will destroy it. Fleet is indicative of that in which all the Palestine, Editor R. T. Craig of Athens, a.nd No one can doubt that potentially the other nondeployed elements of the service a few more were like a. rod and a staff of the United States of America is the most power­ find themselves. The Senate Armed Services Psalmist. They strengthened me, they en­ ful country on earth. But several recent Committee's preparedness investigating sub­ ooura.ged me, they supported me. Support shocking a.nd distressing events have created committee reported months a.go (a.s was meant not merely voting for, it meant up­ at lea.st a. reasonable doubt as to the exact noted in this column) that thousands of holding my arms in the most difficult days of degree of our power at the moment. trained personnel had been detached from my life. We have been told repeatedly by the Atlantic Fleet ships to provide crews for ships Bonner Frizzell is one of God's Noblemen, highest-level Communist leaders that we a.re deployed to the 6th Fleet in the Mediterra­ a. great soul, the inheritor and bearer of a caught up in a. protracted confilct with them nean and the 7th Fleet in the South Chin.a grea. t tradition. that extends a.cross the entire spectrum of Sea. The result was that non-deployed At­ In his youth he was stimulated by a.ll­ human endeavor. As Adm. Arleigh Burke re­ lantic Fleet ships, while, numerically up to time giants of Texas history, John H. Reagan, cently reminded us, "In Communist seman­ complement, were manned with warm bodies Jim Hogg, and Tom Campbell, those East tics a weapon system need not necessarily be but little else. In sum, our deployed fighting Texas stalwarts who set the face of Texas a piece of military hardware. It can be a.ny men a.re competent, courageous, well-trained forward for progress. Bonner Frizzell never instrument of confilct--political, economic, professionals; but they are a.bout a.11 we've forgot that road of progress, never deviated, m111ta.ry or para.mmtary-that can be used got. never turned on his own idea.ls or his own to undermine free world interests." The la.st two elements can best be consid­ people, but marched face forward for the It follows that if we are to win this conftict, ered together, a.nd the picture is not en­ progress, the greatness, and independence we must be strong in all areas in which it is couraging. The undeclared Vietnam war has of the people of Texas. The great Patriarchs waged-strong politically, psychologically, been fought under the doctrine of "grad­ are thinning. Walter Webb and Frank Dobie economically (which includes fiscally) a.nd uated response," promoted by former De­ are gone, but the fact that Bonner Frizzell militarily. As was the case with Achilles, a fense Secretary Robert McNamara. a.nd Gen. lives and is here with us stirs every heart weakness anywhere can be fatal. Maxwell D. Taylor, and almost entirely un­ in Texas and makes it glow with a special As a starter, let's examine our military der civ11ian management and control. pride. establishment. Just how strong are we, actu­ Of this, Rep. Rivers says: "Probably no He has aided me, he has strengthened me, ally, in this area? war in history has been more poorly man­ he has encouraged me. His presence was At the risk of over-simplification, we ca.n aged from a. civilian viewpoint." He said worth an army. We might para.phrase Walter list four main constituents of military power: further that the administration has no Scott and say, "Where oh where were Rode­ military hardware; the number of mmtary victory plan for Vietnam, and that Gen. rick then, his horn were worth a. thousand persons available to use it and their individ­ William Westmoreland, without any public men," but we've always known where Bon­ ual competence-their state of training; the complaint, ha.s operated with restraints and ner Frizzell was. His horn has never been skill with which these two elements a.re com­ limitations that would have driven a. lesser still. His voice present was worth a thousand bined and directed; and the national will and man to complete distraction." And with men. determination to use this force at the proper respect to rumors that the general ls about The lamps he has set in so many class­ time, in the proper place, and in the requisite to be relieved, Rep. Rivers says: "The ques­ rooms and the political fl.res he has set in degree to insure our national security. tion is not whether we should remove Gen. so many just causes will burn on for genera­ Oonslder rthese elements: Westmoreland. The question ls whether we tions after he is no longer with us. Hardware: Our deflclencles in arms and will ever start listening to Gen. Westmore­ Bonner Frizzell has been a. beacon light armament, ranging a.11 the way from our land. 6046 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 Obviously our adversaries have no hesi­ The $2 million less that farmers will re­ The voters of the many Jersey shore tancy about using military force when, as, ceive this year because of diverting oorn communities which I represent appre­ and if necessary to achieve their purposes. acreage will be multiplied several times over Note how the Soviet navy promptly moved in the economy of Lyon County, the state ciate the President's deep regard for the 16 cruisers and missile frigates into the Sea and the nation. beaches and ocean communities of Amer­ of Japan to interpose between the Korean ica. I commend him for his efforts in coast and the puny U.S. Naval task group their behalf. belatedly sent there in support of U.S. dip­ lomatic demands (so far fruitless) that the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo be returned Oil Pollution and Hazardous Substances and its crew released. Control Act of 1968 The "Pueblo" Incident: Pattern for Note that the North Koreans thumb their noses at U.S. efforts to obtain the release of More? these hapless Americans, threatening "in­ HON. JAMESJ.HOWARD stant war" if we dare use force to effect their OF NEW JERSEY release, and getting away with it so far. HON. JOHN R. RARICK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Note that Washington forbade the 7th OF LOUISIANA Fleet commander, Vice Adm. William F. Monday, March 11, 1968 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bringle, to go to the rescue of Lt. (j.g.) Joe Dunn, shot down off Hainan Island. Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the recent Monday, March 11, 1968 massive spill of oil in San Juan Harbor Are we, or are we not, the most powerful Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as a com­ nation on earth? If we are, maybe we should is a grim recommendation of support for start acting like it. President Johnson's Oil and Hazardous bat soldier in Europe during World War Substances Pollution Act of 1968. II with experience as a prisoner of war, Just last week, when the tanker Ocean I have watched the growing crisis in Eagle broke apart at the entrance of world strategy with increasing concern. Feed Grain Program Is Poor Substitute San Juan Harbor, P.R., Representative Recently, it was my good fortune to visit GEORGE FALLON, chairman of the House two key spots in free world defense, Committee on Public Works, immediately Southern Africa and the Republic of HON. JOHN M. ZWACH sent me to the island for an on-the-spot China; and by direct conversations with OF MINNESOTA inspection of the disaster requesting that leaders of free governments to gain a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I report my findings to· him and the far deeper insight into what lies ahead Monday, March 11, 1968 committee. Chairman FALLON, one of the than can be obtained solely by reading. most able and respected Members of this Of the many incidents since the sink­ Mr. ZW ACH. Mr. Speaker, many peo­ body, has for many years not only been ing .of the U.S.S. Liberty in June 1967, ple throughout this land of ours have concerned but active in the fields of water durmg the Arab-Israel war, the capture the feeling that the farmers are prof­ and oil pollution control and prevention. and seizure by North Korea of another iting highly from their diverted acres When the committee amended the Oil vessel of our NaVY, the U.S.S. Pueblo, is payments. Such claims have appeared Pollution Act of 1924 a few years ago he of transcendant significance vindicat­ from time to time in the CONGRESSIONAL displayed his leadership and respo{isi­ ing the strong warnings of Ge~eral Mac­ RECORD. bility in this vital area that is so im­ Arthur that were not heeded. It may be It was my privilege to read an editorial portant, not only to his home area of added, Mr. Speaker, that during Mac­ on this subject, "Feed Grain Program Is Baltimore but also to the Nation. Arthur's classic testimony of May 3 to 5, Poor Substitute" in the March 2 issue of Recent events have shown that acci­ 1951, before the Armed Services and the Marshall Messenger, printed in the dents of this type can no longer be re­ Foreign Services and Foreign Relations heart of the Minnesota farm belt. garded as a once-in-a-lifetime event. Committees of the U.S. Senate, he re­ Because of the clarity with which this Rather, the wave of the future is dis­ peatedly emphasized that if the United subject is treated, I share it with my col­ tressingly patched with oil slicks. States did not bring the Korean war to leagues by inserting it at this point in a "decisive and victorious end," our the RECORD: The Torrey Canyon and the Ocean Eagle have served notice that tomorrow's country would have to accept the conse­ FEED GRAIN PROGRAM Is POOR SUBSTITUTE beaches, tomorrow's coastal and inland quences of a disastrous defeat. Vietnam (By Don Olson) waters, tomorrow's recreation activities is a direct result of that failure in states­ Lyon county farmers who sign up for the and fishing industry depend crucially on manship and now we have the Pueblo Federal feed grain program will receive about what we do today to prevent the buildup incident with the threat of a new war $3,267,231 in diversion and price support pay­ of such ecological disasters. on the part of North Korea. ments this year. This is based on a 90 per cent Fortunately, we have in our country s~gnup and 40 per cent of the corn and sor­ The prevention and control of oil spills ghum ground being diverted to other crops should. be the . prime responsibility of some able writers with the combination or uses. (See story on front page) tJ:ose I?-Volved m the transportation of of knowledge and courage that the situ­ This sounds like a financial shot-in-the 011; spills, even spills that cause wide­ ation requires, among them Anthony arm for the farmers and the county as a spread havoe to beaches and wildlife Harrigan. In an admirable appraisal of whole. And, in one respect, it is. often are free of responsibility. the Pueblo incident in the February 12 But look at the financial sacrifice that is Under present laws, it frequently takes 1968, issue of the American Security being made to collect the $3 million. Council Washington Report, of which ~ Philade~phia lawyer to figure out who In order to get the Federal payments, farm­ he is managing editor, Mr. Harrigan ers will be diverting some 77,000 acres of corn is !esponsible for doing what, when an oil ground. If, instead, this were planted to spill occurs. While the various agencies warns the people of our country of what corn and if the average yield-per-acre were are ~rying to figure things out, the oil they will have to face should hostilities realized this Fall, farmers would harvest al­ contmues to spread havoc. be resumed in Korea. most 5 million bushels of corn. The President's excellent message "to By way of emphasis and elaboration, I If the market price were $1 per bushel, would like to stress that the capture and this would amount to $5 million shot into re~ew a nation," proposes a logical l~gis­ lat1ve proposal which would bring order seizure of the Pueblo, in Asiatic eyes, was the economy. And if, instead of $1 a bushel, a deep humiliation of the United States. farmers were to receive a fair price for their out of chaos. Such humiliation has not been equaled corn, the 1968 harvest would mean over $7 The Oil Pollution and Hazardous Sub­ since the early part of the last century, million to the farmers and our economy. stances Control Act of 1968 provides for All of this does not mean that the Mes­ when the Barbary pirates preyed with senger advocates no farm programs at all. centralized leadership and authority in impunity upon our naval and merchant This would bring the over-night collapse of dealing with this major environmental vessels in the Mediterranean until our rural economy. But farm programs are a problem. Stephen Decatur and other naval leaders mighty poor substitute for real, genuine farm It would provide for laying down some put a stop to their depredations. prosperity. rules for oil transporters, covering both As regards the Pueblo, there is increas­ If farmers are going to plant less corn this year, farm implement firms are going to feel prevention and cleanup. This legislation ing evidence of the denial of news about the pinch along with seed corn dealers, fertil­ is urgently needed. the case which the people of our country izer salesmen and others who help the farmer I salute the President for taking a have a right to know. First in importance produce corn. tough stand on a tough problem. is, What were the orders under which the March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6047 commanding officer of the Pueblo was North Korea certainly played a trump assing Japanese army units in control of operating with respect to the following card for the Reds in taking the Pueblo. Manchuria. These so-called Khabarovsk vet­ erans were led by an able Korean strategist questions: Its leaders, along with those of Moscow, named Kim II-sung. He was killed in action First, the action to be taken by him if Peking and Hanoi, are no doubt gloat­ by Japanese military police in 1937, but his attacked and/or boarded; ing over the latest humiliation of the reputation was such that the Soviets chose Second, was he, or was he not, prohib­ "fearing paper tiger" of the West. the then 26-year-old Kim Song-che to take ited from using his .50-caliber guns and Mr. Speaker, is it not timely to reflect both the command and the name of the small arms to repel attack and boarding? that North Korea in Red hands exists deceased guerrilla leader. today because perfidy in the foreign rela­ In that command, the modern Kim II-sung Third, was he, or was he not, prohib­ met many of his present day cabinet offi­ ited from scuttling his ship to prevent tions of our Government betrayed a pop­ cers-men like Minister of Defense, General capture? ulation which had trusted Washington's Kim Chang-pong; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fourth, did he, or did he not, use his pledge for their total independence as a General Pak-Song-chol; and the leader of the men and arms to repel boarders and unified nation without division between Korean Worker's Party which is the core of prevent capture? north and south along the 38th parallel? the Communist organization in that country, Were the Korean people consulted at General Kim IL Fifth, did the commanding officer have In 1940, the Khabarovsk veterans were cause to fear not being backed up by his any time concerning the secret agree­ ment contrived by our Department of routed by the Japanese and retreated to the seniors had he resisted? State to let Soviet troops occupy the Soviet Union, where they became the nucleus Sixth, what bearing did the Arnheiter­ of the Russian-trained Korean Independence north half of the Korean Peninsula for Brigade. At the end of World War II, it was Alexander case have upon the command­ an unspecified period, a secret agreement ing officer's failure to resist? this Brigade which led the "liberation," Com­ which assured Red conspirators the op­ munist style, of North Korea and laid claim Still another question arises, if the portunity to establish in North Korea a to South Korea as the Japanese surrender led Pueblo was not equipped to defend itself, bastille force. to evacuation from the Korean peninsula. why was it authorized to venture into a Mr. Speaker, this perfidious secret The present North Korean hierarchy is hazardous area without adequate armed treaty brought about the deaths of tens made up almost entirely of the Khabarovsk protection, either of its own or by escort? of thousands of U.S. troops in the Korean veterans of the 1930's, and the Soviet-orga­ Mr. Speaker, I think that I speak ac­ nized Independence Brigade of the 1940's. war. The secret agreement was lamely ex­ The Soviet-oriented North Korean leader­ curately when stating that had the com­ plained by the State Department, along ship also is dependent on Moscow for weap­ manding officer of the Pueblo been Rich­ with similar secret agreements for be­ ons. By last June, North Korea had been ard G. Alexander or Marcus A. Arnheiter trayal in other parts of the world as be­ newly equipped with Soviet SAM missiles and that ill-fated ship would never have been ing attributable to the haste and errors Mig-21 fighters. As Dennis Bloodworth, a boarded and captured, regardless of the of wartime conditions. That is not easily British correspondent in Asia, has noted, orders under which she was operating. accepted. But in any case why were the "the Russians still control the powder train ... Pueblo The North Koreans, as proteges of the The commanding officer of the officials and staff members responsible Soviet Union, aimed in seizure of the Pueblo has the reputation of being an able, pro­ for these so-called errors not brought to at nothing less than expansion of the war fessional officer. His orders must have book with a thorough house cleaning of front in the Far East. In this dangerous served to inhibit him to permit his ship the Department of State? enterprise, they are serving as proxies of the to be "taken alive" in violation of the Mr. Speaker, from the betrayal of half USSR. highest traditions of our gallant Navy. of Korea to the Reds into the visiting of Americans with an awareness of history The fact that out of his crew of 83 only will draw a parallel between the capture of a friendly government in Cuba in favor of the Pueblo and the sinking of the U.S. gun­ one was killed and a few wounded makes the Red bandit Castro, a long succession boat Panay by Japanese aircraft on Dec. 12. it obvious that the vessel put up little of so-called errors has brought our coun­ 1937. In sinking the Panay and killing and tight. Why? try to the dangerous edge of real peril. wounding American navy men, Japan man­ Another question that should be an­ In the interest of our national security, aged to humiliate the United States. Even swered is this. In view of the lessons there must be a full inquiry into the in­ though authorities in Tokyo later apologized learned from the attempted sinking of cident with proper exposure of account­ for the sinking, the United States lost "face" the Liberty by the Israelis in the Medi­ ability wherever it may be disclosed. in Japanese eyes and in the eyes of other people in the Orient. terranean, why was the Pueblo placed in In the light of these known events and The United States is in danger of suffering a situation that invited the same treat­ the present critical situatiOn of our a similar loss of "face" as a result of the ment in the Sea of Japan? country, the following article by Anthony Pueblo incident. For example, failure of the The responsibility, Mr. Speaker, must Harrigan has special significance : U.S. to respond strongly and effectively lie in Washington-in the Department of THE "PUEBLO" INCIDENT; COMMUNIST against North Korea could have a damaging State, the Department of Defense, and AGGRESSION IN NORTH ASIA effect on Indonesia. That South Asian nation of 100 million people has swung back into the the Central Intelligence Agency. I hope (By Anthony Harrigan) orbit of the anti-communist nations of the that this respansibility is placed where it WASHINGTON, February 12, 1968.-North Pacific world. Nevertheless, the Indonesians. belongs and not unloaded on the hapless Korea's seizure of the United States intel­ might jump back on the fence if they be­ commanding officer of the Pueblo as the ligence collecting vessel Pueblo in interna­ lieved that the U.S. lacked the intestinal blame for Pearl Harbor was shifted from tional waters clearly involved a three-phased fortitude to punish a small North Asian na­ the conspirators who permitted it to Ad­ objectiv·e: 1) humiliation of the U.S., 2) tion that was pulling feathers from the eagle's. miral Kimmel and General Short. Only establishment of the image of Americans as tail. the Congress, after due inquiry, can "paper tigers", and 3) diversion of U.S. mili­ It should be remembered, too, that the tary might from the Vietnam theater of op­ Panay incident proved to be a prelude to properly place such responsibility. erations. World War II. The Japanese interpreted North Korea and the Kremlin bosses The seizure of the Pueblo, an unprece­ America's failure to defend its naval rights now have the United States "over a bar­ dented act of piracy in the modern world, with force as evidence of U.S. unwillingness: rel." They have been encouraged to be­ certainly would not have taken place solely to protect its vital interests. Thus the Panay lieve that Washington will take no ade­ on the initiative of the Kim II-sung regime incident served for the Japanese as psycho­ quate corrective action but will only in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang. logical conditioning for the Pearl Harbor make further efforts to appease and do North Korea is even more of a satellite of attack. Moscow than is North Vietnam. If the U.S. indulges in nothing more force­ nothing to off end them. They know also Kim II-sung cannot claim that he is a ful than diplomatic talk and discussions at that Washington will not blockade the Korean nationalist. Indeed, Kim II-sung is the United Nations, the North Koreans and North Korean coasts. not even his real name but is an alias for their masters in Moscow surely will be en­ Meanwhile, South Koreans have be­ his true name of Kim Song-che. The origin couraged to commit fresh acts of aggression come understandably and justifiably dis­ of both the alias and the hard core leader­ both on the high seas andi on land. illusioned with the United States, re­ ship he heads dates back to the 1930's. Sev­ As the Soviets have orohestrated the poli­ quiring the President to send a special eral hundred thousand Koreans had fled into tics of North Korea, it is only logical to con­ representative to Korea in an effort to Manchuria. when Japan seized Korea in 1905, clude that they have planned the provoca­ and into Russian Siberia when Japan occu­ tions engaged in by the North Korean armed improve relations. Nothing material will pied Manchuria in 1931. The Soviets enlisted forces which culminated in the capture of come of this for Washington will exert and trained these men as guerrillas. the Pueblo by naval patrol craft of the a check rein on South Korea to prevent Such a Communist guerrilla force based in "Korean People's Army." Indeed, the U.S. that country from taking overt action. the Russian center of Khabarovsk was har- public has been ill-advised of the develop- 6048 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 ment pattern of communist aggression in Gen. Mark W. Clark, who signed the Korean North Asia as American forces scored gains truce for the U.N. Command in 1953 when he Foster Calls for Increase in Basic in Vietnam. was supreme commander of allied forces in Funding-Outline's Fiscal Year 1969 Henry Scott Stokes, Far East correspondent the Far East, has put North Korea's latest of The Times of London, recently reported actions in proper perspective. He said of the R. & D. Plans that while on a visit to South Korea late in seizure of the Pueblo: "I believe this das­ 1967 he found U.S. Army officers saying that tardly act of seizing the ship is part of a plan "a war was already beginning and noting by the communists, Soviet included, to put HON. BOB WILSON specifically a likelihood that guerrilla activi­ a squeeze on us in order to get what they OF CALIFORNIA ties would begin in 1968 on a significant want and to get us to call off the bombing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATivEs scale." in Vietnam. I think the two are tied to­ As a matter of fact, seizure of the Pueblo gether." Monday, March 11, 1968 came only after a number of naval inci­ As early as last July, the Korean Commu­ Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under dents that were little-noticed in the United nists were laying the groundwork for a new leave to extend my remarks in the States. During the first 10 months of 1967 outbreak of host111ties, Joseph C. Kun, writ­ RECORD, I include the following: North Korean patrol boats seized 17 South ing in The China Quarterly (July-September, Korean fishing boats. Indeed, the piratical 1967), cited the "recent intensification of ·in­ [From the Army, Navy, and Air Force Journal, attack on the lightly-armed Pueblo should cidents along the demarcation line between Feb.24,1968] be viewed in relation to the deliberate bump­ North and South Korea." He linked the new FOSTER CALLS FOR INCREASE IN BASIC RESEARCH ing of a U.S. destroyer by a Soviet warship dlffi.culties to the elevation to the Politburo FuNDING--0UTLINES FISCAL YEAR 1969 in the Sea of Japan last year. The Soviets, of seven important mllltary leaders friendly R. & D. PLANS with a long history of aerial buzzing as an to the Soviet Union. These leaders and Pre­ The Pentagon's research chief has warned harassment tactic, have adopted a similar mier Kim II-sung apparently were deter­ that a "serious weakening" of the United tactic at sea. In the Mediterranean, Russian mined to establish a guerrilla beachhead as States' long-term national security position warships have cut into formations of the a second front for the war in Asia. By the use could result unless more funds are provided U.S. Sixth Fleet and engaged in other dan­ of patrol boats-first against South Korean to bolster Defense Department basic research gerous maneuvers that have almost caused fishing boats and now against a U.S. naval programs. serious collisions. The Soviet naval actions vessel-they also have resorted to guerrilla Director of Defense Research and Engineer­ a.re crude attempts at intimidation. Rus­ war at sea. ing John S. Foster, jr, told the Senate Armed sian Cold War planners apparently believe Much of the politico-psychological advan­ Services Committee that DoD funding in the they can shove American warships off the tage that the North Koreans gained from the Research and Exploratory Development cate­ seas. This kind of naval thinking is in char­ hijacking of the Pueblo would have been gory has suffered "a critical 30% reduction" acter, for long ago the Soviets declared the nulllfied had the United States moved swiftly since FY 1964, that there has been a corre­ Gulf of Finland a "closed sea" to f'Oreign in reprisal. The U.S. could well have learned sponding reduction in the number of new vessels. Unfortunately, the United States a lesson from Israel. When Egyptian patrol programs started each year since then, and and its free world allies failed to maintain boats armed with Russian missiles sank the that any reductions in the proposed FY '69 the principle of freedom of the seas in that Israeli destroyer Eilat, the Israelis promptly R&D budget also "wlll lead directly to the portion of the strategic Baltic Sea. We have smashed a vital Egyptian oil refinery. But termination of significant programs." If re­ paid a severe price, in the waters off Korea, the U .s. lost the opportunity to respond in cent year R&D budget-cutting trends are for neglect of a vital principle. swift and telling fashion. A massive show of permitted to continue, Doctor Foster warned Dr. Stefan Possony, director of interna­ naval strength off the coast of North Korea that: "our national technological position tional studies at Stanford University's is not the same as an actual strike at vul­ soon would be crippled and the effects would Hoover Institution and M111tary Affairs Edi­ nerable communist targets. persist for several years." tor of the American Security Council Wash­ Unwlllingness to resort to force until all Seeking Congressional approval of an $8- ington Report, states with regard to the cap­ diplomatic avenues have been fully ex­ billion RDT&E budget for the Defense De­ ture of the Pueblo: plored may be understood in the foreign of­ partment for FY '69, the DoD research chief "At no time in history has a foreign power fices of European nations. In the backward acknowledged that there initially had been captured as many highly trained intelli­ states of the world, or in nations where com­ "good reasons" (primarily SEA requirements) gence specialists at one time." munist insurgency is a daily problem, the for thinning the research and exploratory Aside from the data the communists may language of force is the only language that development base in the post-FY '64 period, learn about the American electronic coun­ has an athentic tone to it. Every day of de­ but now, he said, "the combined lnfiuence of ter-measures, there is the violence done to lay, moreover, has given the communists new already tight budgets and . . . Congressional the freedom of the seas doctrine. The Pueblo opportunities to exploit the ship for prop­ reductions ..• has pushed this trend too incident raises the spectre of communist aganda purposes. Delay underscores for far." "pinprick" navies engaging in a dangerous many countries the frustration of the strong­ The budget proposed. for FY '69, Doctor game of adventurism against lightly-armed est military power in the world. The ulti­ Foster said, "reflects a commitment to reverse U.S. naval vessels and ships in the American mate propaganda success for North Korea this trend in order to seize more of the tech­ merchant fieet. In addition, it will be neces­ would come if South Korea's government nical opportunities clearly linked to future sary for defense authorities to provide ade­ felt obliged to wtthdraw a significant portion national security problems. quate protection to the far-ranging force of the troops it has sent to South Vietnam. "Without question," he emphasized, "the of electronic monitoring vessels that plays The South Korean soldiers are among the next generation of defense capabilities de­ a key role in watching the mmtary activi­ best fighting men in the war. Their depar­ pends entirely upon the breadth and imagi­ ties of communist states with sea frontiers. ture would be a real loss on the battlefield nation of our basic and applled research Not only will surface and air cover be and a psychological shock to the South now." needed for such vessels, but the credib111ty Vietnamese. In his closed door testimony the Defense of the U.S. will have to be restored insofar If more trouble comes in Korea, the U .S R&E Director: (1) pointed out that most as enjoying supremacy at sea is concerned. public will have to carefully appraise the recent increases in U.S. defense capablllties The inab111ty or failure of the U.S. to inter­ danger and the defense requirements. Today, have been achieved largely as a result of pre­ cept the North Korean patrol boats that had the United States has approximately 50,000 vious efforts in the research and development captured the Pueblo has hurt America's men in South Korea, including the 2nd and field; (2) elaborated upon the complex and image as an air and sea power capable of 7th Infantry Divl-sions. The South Korean multi-faceted variety of threats which must reacting swiftly and decisively on a global Army has 540,000 soldiers organized in 18 be considered in an R&D program planning; basis. If this image is not restored it is pos­ regular divisions and 10 reserve divisions. The and (3) enumerated item after item in the sible, for example, that Communist Cuba United States, with its military manpower strategic and tactical weapons areas for might be tempted to indulge in piratical strained to the limit in Vietnam, is in no which initial and/or continued development acts of its own against U.S. ships operating position to augment the forces in South funding is programmed. in the FY '69 budget. in the vicinity of that island. Korea, if ground war should break out. Thus Here are excerpts from his testimony: The North Korean threat has not been the American people shoUld understand that THE THREAT confined to the sea, however. In the last year, a new war in Korea would suddenly confront "To manage defense R&D we .•. examlne North Korea has strengthened its terrorist the United States with a decision as to any shifts in the actual and potential threats warfare organizations. One of these special whether to use battlefield atomic weapons to national security. The purpose of each mllitary units consists of 24,000 men. It ls for the first time. With a firm commitment R&D effort is . . . measured expllcity in trained to establish guerllla bases in South to defend South Korea's freedom and terri­ terms of improvements to our current ca­ Korea and to carry out assassination orders torial integrity, and without the manpower pab111ties to meet known or possible and other forms of political terrorism. In or the wealth to sustain a second costly con­ threats.••. " connection with this activity, Rear Adm. ventional ground war in Asia, the United Soviet Unton States might have to move with great speed John Smith, American representative on the " ... we recognize that the Soviet Union­ Korean military armistice commission, has to utll1ze atomic armaments. and China, of course--are still characterized charged the North Korean regime with em­ These, in short, are the dimensions of the by secrecy...• This produces uncertainty in barking on "a continuing campaign of prov­ m111tary and political problem arising from our estimates of their current and likely fu­ ocation, sabotage and assassination." the hi-jacking of the Pueblo. ture forces, and even more uncertainty about March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6049 the pace and goals of their advanced research. "In space defense, we are continuing to version ... the XM-179 ... We are perform­ This demands that we carry out an aggressive improve our satelllte detection and tracking ing concept formulation efforts on a rapid R&D program to guard against surprises. capability, and to develop anti-satellite fl.re, lightweight 105mm howitzer system. "Because we cannot be sure about the types weapons. "Higher intensity conflicts may demand de­ and numbers of their planned deployments, "In the command and control area our livery of ordnance at greater than conven­ we must develop, and in some cases even de­ programs are oriented primarily toward an tional artillery ranges. Tactical surface-to­ ploy, systems to assure that we will possess 'Assured Execution' capability. We are inves­ surface missiles are being developed for this an adequate capab111ty. This margin of stra­ tigating alternative, more survivable com­ role . . . FY 69 funding is requested for con­ tegic safety •.• has been substantial. We munications links to the Fleet Ballistic Mis­ tinued development of the XRL [Extended plan to continue this strategy. We openly ex­ sile force and are considering the use of Range Lance]. plain the strategy In the hope that public larger, longer endurance aircraft for air­ " ... We are completing the conversion of disclosure of our general capabilities, our in­ borne command and control systems. We are PERSffiNG from a tracked to a wheeled sys­ tent, and our R&D objectives, will deter developing components for Air Force and tem ... We plan to develop ... the Mech­ attack.••• " Navy communications systems which will anized Infantry Combat Vehicle (MICV- Communist Chinese permit us to net all very low frequency radio 70). ". . . the Communist Chinese did not carry assets into one common system." "The Main Battle Tank (MBT-70) is be­ out their first tests of an ICBM as early as TACTICAL FORCES ing developed to provide the heavy armor we had thought possible. They appear to be "The purpose of our research and develop­ capab111ty for the m1d-1970's ... at least six months behind our estimates of ment in tactical warfare is to provide the "Three anti-tank missiles in our inventory their earliest schedule." technical capabilities needed for U.S. forces and in development are the Shillelagh, Vietnam to meet a range of possible conflicts, short the Tow, and the Dragon . . . · "Turning to Vietnam, there is little ques­ of a :major strategic war, with measured, "To provide the next generation of heli­ tion about growing threats ... Attempts to effective responses ..." copters for tactical mobility, we plan to carry out concept formulation on the utllity overrun special forces and government out­ Air warfare posts have intensified.... In NVN, rede­ tactical transport (UTT) for squad lift, and ployment of regular North Vietnamese Army "The Overland Radar Technology (ORT) on the light tactical transport (LTT) for units toward the DMZ suggests a threat of program was started to solve ... technical platoon lift ... The UTT and the LTT wlll massive conventional engagements in I problems that have prevented development be capable of all-weather operations . . • Corps. Also there are indications of buildup of of an integrated, self-contained Airborne (They] wlll receive en-route protection, re­ coastal artillery which could pose an in­ Warning and Control System (AWACS) ... connaissance support, and suppressive fire creased threat to Sea Dragon ships operating we are ready to proceed with Contract Def­ support for debarkation/embarkation from otf NVN. inition for AWACS in FY '68, and, assum­ ... the compound helicopter (AH--56A) "Increased effectiveness of NVN anti-air ing continued progress, with development [Cheyenne]. systems (which involve improvements in in FY '69 ... Sea warfare combined SAM-MIG tactics) indicaites "We are continuing the development of "Our air ASW capability and the qualita­ greater potential air attrition in the future. follow-on versions of Standard Arm in tive superiority of our submarines are being This is a very serious trend." FY '69 as well ... The introduction of the improved with development of a new tor­ F-111/MK II into the inventory should pro­ New urgency pedo, the MK 48. We are beginning develop­ vide an improvement in radar bombing ac­ ment Of an ocean-wide ASW command and "Perhaps the most significant shift in curacy ... Avionics for the A-7 D/E are ex­ control system; and developing new escorts threat during the past year occurred simply pected to provide improvement in naviga­ (DX), as well as improved sensors, weapons, because we are using, and therefore reveal­ tion and weapon delivery accuracy ... · and command and control systems for our ing, many of our nonnuclear capab111ties in "Weapon lethality will be increased Southeast Asia. Literally hundreds of ad­ escorts ..." through developm.ent of an improved fam­ "The decision to develop the VSX-a new vanced components and systems are being ily of general purpose bombs with greater 'tested' in combat-electronic countermeas­ carrier-based ASW aircraft--is a major high­ penetration against hard targets and better light of our FY 1969 program. The VSX will ures, bomblet warheads, communications fragmentation against area targets. The de­ gear, and new ordnance. be able to search out several times the area ". . . while this operational experience velopment of tactical nuclear bombs and now covered by the S-2 aircraft. helps us plan future. R&D, it also means we standoff missile warheads is being continued "For the submarine's ASW role, R&D pro­ lose a margin of technological surprise. As­ . . . Guided standoff air-to-ground missiles grams emphasize improving sonar torpedoes, sessed along with the ..• estimated 10% are another means for precise ordnance de- and communica.tions. We have been working growth in soviet spending during the past livery .. . on the development of an improved torpedo year for mll1tary ~nd space sciences, this 'dis­ " ... Longer range projects to be initiated since 1964 ... We are also developing sonar closure' places new urgency on our entire in FY 69 are: (1) a major air-to-ground improvements for submarines ... R&D program." gun development program with rounds opti­ "We are developing Extended Range ASROO mized for specific categories of targets and a command and control system for illltra­ STRATEGIC .FORCES and (2) a fuze program to develop im­ and inter-ship use to improve coordinated "Our strategic systems R&D focuses on the proved proximity fuzes, delay fuzes and ASW operations ... We are ... supporting key characteristics important for Assured mine-type fuzes for GP bombs ... the Navy's urgently needed escort replace­ Destruction: the survivability of deliverable "Communications needs require the devel­ ment program, DX/DXG ... payload after accepting a first strike attack, opment of a short-range squad radio and "Two approaches to point [air] defense and the abUity to penetrate any potential of special lightweight communication equip­ systems for individual ships are under de­ defenses . . :• ment for the forward air controller. An air­ velopment: "The Advanced Surface Missile "Contributing to survivability are such borne near-line-of-sight relay is being de­ System . . . is a phased array radar which capabUities as hardened missile silos, de­ veloped to extend the range of battlefield should improve our ab111ty to opera.te effec­ fense of missile forces, and underwater bas­ communications .... tively against attacks by cruise missles, ing as in the case of our Polaris/ "We are also conducting concept formula­ whether launched from the air or from ships, Poseidon fleet. Bomber survival depends tion studies for a possible new aircraft, the as well as against attacks by conventional upon adequate warning and upon area de­ A-X, designed for the close support mis­ aircraft ... fense protection . . . OTH radar will in­ sion ... "New boa.t hull designs and propulsion crease the bomber warning time . . ." "Tactical aircraft studies have established systems are being investigated for landing "In the missile penetration area, our R&D craft, and a new amphibian, the LVTPX12, programs are structured to lead actual soviet the need for improved fighter aircraft (FX/ VFAX) in the mld-1970's to perform the es­ has been developed ... ABM defenses and to hedge against potential "The Marines need long-range shore Soviet defense improvements. Multiple war­ cort and al.r defense missions currently as­ signed to the F-4 and the F-8." bombardment support before and during heads will be available on Poseidon for amphibious operations. The Landing Force high confidence 'exhaustion' of any type of Land warfare Support Weapon (LFSW) is in Concept For­ defense. Other penetration techniques are in " ... We are engaged in advanced develop­ mulation for this purpose. The Lance mis­ advanced development should they be re­ ment effol'ts on sensors to extend the recon­ sile also has the potential to meet this need quired ..." naissance capabilities of our ground forces and is cheaper; however, it must be tested "The SRAM missile now under operational . . . Our current vehicle, the M-114, does in a sea environment ..• development will significantly improve not provide the desired cross-country speed, "Concept Formulation is also underway on [bomber] penetration capab111ty against po­ mob111ty and quietness of operation. To over­ a Landing Fire Support (LFS) ship which tential terminal defense improvements. Sev­ come the shortcomings of our present equip­ will provide major caliber bombardment ca­ eral new pepetration concepts are in the ment, we are conducting concept formula­ pability for amphibious assault landings . . . early stages of advanced development." "In the future, OTH radars, AWACS air­ tion studies for a new armored reconnais­ "In amphibious shipping, we are develop­ craft, and modified interceptors will provide sance scout vehicle.•.. ing the LHA, a landing ship that for the a way to move any air battle away from the "To provide tp.e required increases in range first time will transport a complete fighting North American populations and lessen the and mobility for armored warfare, a self­ unit ... It features increased transit speeds, likelihood of successful penetration from propelled 155mm howitzer ... is planned for an improved over-the-beach cargo capabil­ either low or high altitude. FY 69 ••. We are also considering an armored ity, and reduced unloading times." 6050 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 AmLIFT all this time to compute the results. I (d) No federal aid to education in any "The C-5A aircraft . . . will provide . . . am, however, gratified that so many good form, 18.9 % . necessary strategic mobility. All major mile­ citizens saw fit to make their views (e) No opinion, 2.2 %. stones have been met, and we expect the known. In addition, I have received hun­ Do you feel that Congress should help planned operational date of late FY 1969 to settle labor disputes? bemet ... dreds of letters and notes expanding on (a) Yes, 41.9 %. "The Air Force has proposed development the answers given. (b} No, 51.4 %. of a new intra-theatre transport aircraft The tabulation of results follows; I find (c) No opinion, 6.7 %. (LIT) . . . The primary mission of this air­ it both interesting and enlightening: Do you favor federal financing of Presi- craft would be tactical deployment and re­ INTERNATIONAL ISSUES dential campaigns? supply of mobile air and ground forces to (a) Yes, 12.4%. What policy do you favor for the United (b) No, 84.5 %. areas otherwise inaccessible to surface trans­ States in Vietnam? port and beyond the practical range of heli­ (c) No opinion, 3.1 %. (a) Expand the war with additional troops Do you agree with President Johnson's pro­ copter delivery ... and bombings of North Vietnam in an ef­ "V /STOL aircraft, helicopters and hybrid posal that a 10 % surtax be placed on in­ fort to go all out to win. 49.6 %. comes? helicopter-aircraft research and development (b) Continue Administration policy of activities are being conducted to provide a (a) Yes, 20.8 %. supporting South Vietnam, with limited (b) No, 71.4 %. firm technological base from which to make a bombings of the North as a way of achieving choice in fulfilling future requirements." (c) No opinion, 7.8 %. a settlement, 10 %. Due to the increasing cost of a college THE SEA PROGRAM ( c) Restrict our efforts to South Vietnam education, do you feel that parents should be A large share of the FY '69 R&D budget, and attempt to negotiate a settlement, 6.5 %. allowed an income tax deduction for their Dr. Foster said, is programmed for SEA­ (d) Withdraw our forces from Vietnam, children's college expenses (tuition, room, oriented programs, where already, he dis­ 8.6 %. board, fees, books, etc.)? closed, about 20 new items per quarter are (e) Submit the Vietnam situation to the (a) Yes, 77.7 %. introduced into the inventory for operational United Nations for a settlement, 24%. (b) No, 19 %. test and evaluation; about 35 items per quar­ (f) No opinion, 1.3%. (c) No opinion, 3.3 %. ter for operational use. What policy do you favor concerning the Although it will mean an increase in so­ The bulk of the FY '69 SEA research pro­ Middle East situation? cial security taxes, do you support the 12Y:i % gram will, according to Dr. Foster, be al­ (a) United States political support of increase in social security benefits recently located into various program areas as follows: Israel, 12 % . passed by the House? (b) United States political and military Counter-infiltration (a) Yes, 61.5 %. support of Israel, 11.2 % . (b) No, 34%. 1. work on technology "to allow us to find (c) United States political support of the ( c) No opinion, 4.5 % . the enemy and determine his pattern of op­ Arab States, 0.5%. Do you favor celebrating Washington's eration in jungle and other difficult terrain." (d) United States political and military birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day 2. Improvements in ordnance delivery ca­ support of the Arab States, 0.7 %. and Veterans• Day on Mondays to allow for pability "so that we can hit targets ac­ (e) Settlement handled by the United Na­ three-day weekends? curately and decisively." tions, with the United States remaining (a) Yes, 58 %. 3. Development of counter-infiltration neutral, 74 % . (b) No, 37.3 %. techniques and border security systems (f) No opinion, 1.6%. (c) No opinion, 4.7 %. which can be effective in both peacetime or What policy do you favor regarding the Concerning the cost of living and main­ limited war environments. Panama Canal? taining a home over the past few years, have Neutralization of main force-type units (a) Continuation of United States control you found: 1. Work in target acquisition, and develop­ over the Canal, 47 .3 % . (a) That the cost of living has increased ment of "accurate and discriminating" (b) Granting the Republic of Panama com­ in relation to family income? 82.9 %. weapons. plete control over the Canal, 2 % . (b) That the cost of living has remained 2. Engineering support to reduce time and (c) Joint operation of the Canal by the about the same in relation to family income? manpower requirements for construction of U.S. and Panama, 45.7%. 12.3 %. small camps and military bases, jungle clear­ (d) No opinion, 5%. (c) That the cost of living has decreased in ing, and construction of defensive positions CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT relation to family income? 2.6%. in hostile environments. Would you favor establishing a voting age (d) No opinion 2.2 %. Interdiction operations of 18 for all national elections? Automobile manufacturers have stated that (a) Yes, 39.2%. the federal safety regulations recently im­ 1. Improved target acquisition capability posed have caused the price of new automo­ for night and all weather attack. (b) No, 57%. (c) No opinion, 3.8%. biles to increase. In view of this statement, 2. "Real time" reconnaissance methods. do you favor: 3. Quick reaction electronic warfare and NATIONAL ISSUES (a) Maintaining present safety standards? electronic countermeasure programs. What policy do you favor concerning the 32.5 %. 4. Search and rescue in hostile environ­ War on Poverty? (b) Establishment of additional safety ments. (a) Expand programs and appropriate ad­ standards? 57.5 %. Pacification ditional funds, 23.4%. (c) Eliminating safety requirements in 1. Greater effort on village and hamlet (b) Continue programs as they presently order to reduce the cost of new cars? 5.5 %. security and on development of reliable exist, 24.2 % . (d) No opinion. 4.5%. communications. ( c) Reduce existing programs and funds One controversial issue facing the Congress 2. Work in coordinated programs with AID, allotted for them, 21.2%. is that of meat inspection. As a purchaser of State, and other agencies in areas where R&D (d) Eliminate the War on Poverty, 23.8 %. meat, do you find that the quality of mea.t can play a role such as identification, intel­ (e) No opinion, 7.4%. sold meets with your approval? ligence, interrogation, and the application of What is your view on the selective service (a) Yes, 44%. defense technology to the nation-building system (draft)? (b) No, 49.4% process. (a) Retain the present draft system, ( c) No opinion, 6.6 % . 32.9 %. In general, do you approve of the way (b) Use the lottery system, with all young President Johnson is doing his job? Questionnaire men between the ages of 19 and 26 considered (a) Yes, 51 %. equally eligible, 34.1 % . (b} No, 40.3 %. ( c) Use the lottery system, pooling all (c) No opinion, 8.7%. HON. JOHN H. DENT eligible men, but starting with 26 year-olds, OF PENNSYLVANIA 8.5 %. Mr. Speaker, several :points come out ( d) Use the lottery system, pooling all clearly on these returns. For example, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eligible men, but starting with 19 year-olds, there is very strong sentiment for doing Monday, March 11, 1968 11.6%. ( e) Using the lottery system, but deferring more to wind up the war in Vietnam. Mr. DENT. Mr. .Speaker, several weeks college students, 9.4%. Nearly 60 percent of those res:ponding to ago I mailed a questionnaire to every (f) No opinion, 3.5 % . the question favor at least a continuation home in my congressional district. The Which of the following most closely re­ of the administration policy in Vietnam, purpose of my sending it was to better flects your feelings on federal aid to educa­ with 10 percent for the continuation of understand how my people feel about tion? that policy and 49.6 percent for expand­ (a) Federal aid for school construction to some of the many issues facing our Na­ and supplies, only, 34.0%. ing the war and going all out win. On tion. (b} Federal aid for teachers' salaries, only, the other hand, only 8.6 percent prefer Over 120,000 questionnaires were sent 9.5%. our withdrawal from Vietnam. Surpris­ out, and more than 20,000 returned. Be­ ( c) Federal grants to the states to be ingly, 24 percent would like to have the cause so many were returned, it has taken used as they see fit, 35.4%. United Nations negotiate a settlement. In March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6051 any event, this is the one issue in which trated individual replied that he was per­ eligible men, but starting with 19 year-olds, most of my constituents have an opinion. fectly satisfied with the quality of meat, 6.5%. Fewer responded with a "no opinion" an­ but not especially happy with the way ( e) Using the lottery system, but deferring college students, 20.9 % . swer to this question than to any of the his mother-in-law cooked it. (f) No opinion, 2.4%. others. The last question concerned the way Which of the following most closely re­ A really big score for the U.N. came on President Johnson is doing his job, and flects your feelings on federal aid to educa­ the Middle East question. Some 74 per­ 51 percent approve, while 40.3 percent tion? cent favor U.S. neutrality in the dispute disapprove. The remainder did not ex­ (a) Federal aid for school construction between Israel and the Arab States, with press an opinion. and supplies, only, 41.9 % . the U.N. settling the problem. Of those Mr. Speaker, I have made it a policy (b) Federal aid for teachers' salaries;-only, 5.7 %. picking sides, Israel overwhelmingly re­ to send out questionnaires each year, (c) Federal grants to the states to be used ceived more support than the Arab since I find the results of great assistance as they see fit, 46.9 % . States. to me. Normally, I mail one to each home (d} No federal aid to education in any The Panama Canal question drew al­ in my district. This year, however, I de­ form, 3.4%. most equal responses from those for a cided to also send one to each high school (e) No opinion, 2.1%. continuation of U.S. control and those senior in my district, as they will be the Do you feel that Congress should help set- favoring a joint operation of the canal by voters of tomorrow. The results of nearly tle labor disputes? 3,000 responses by those seniors to the (a) Yes, 52.7%. the United States and Panama. Very few (b) No, 31.9 %. would like the Republic of Panama to same questions their parents were asked (c) No opinion, 15.4 %. have complete control over the canal. follow: Do you favor federal financing of Presi- The establishment of a voting age of INTERNATIONAL ISSUES dential campaigns? 18 for all national elections is still an What policy do you favor for the United (a) Yes, 11.7%. unpopular proposal to the majority of States in Vietnam? (b) No,79.5% . my constituents. Some 57 percent were (a) Expand the war with additional troops (c) No opinion, 8.8 %. and bombings of North Vietnam in an effort Do you agree with President Johnson's :against it, with nearly 40 percent in favor to go all out to win, 47 .3 % . proposal that a 10 % surtax be placed on in­ of it. (b) Continue Administration policy of comes? The responses to the war on poverty supporting South Vietnam, with limited (a) Yes, 9.6 %. question could hardly have been more bombings of the North as a way of achieVing (b) No, 73 % . .equally distributed among four choices. a settlement, 14.8 %. (c) No opinion, 17.4 %. Some 23.4 percent of those responding (c) Restrict our efforts to South Vietnam Due to the increasing cost of a college ed­ would like to expand the poverty pro­ and attempt to negotiate a settlement, 10 %. ucation, do you feel that parents should (d) Withdraw our forces from Vietnam, be allowed an income tax deduction for their grams, while slightly more would like to 8.9 %. children's college expenses (tuition, room, eliminate them. Also, 24.2 percent favor (e) Submit the Vietnam situation to the board, fees, books, etc.)? continuing the programs as they present­ United Nations for a settlement, 17% . (a) Yes, 90% . ly exist, and 21.2 percent would like to (f) No opinion, 2 %. (b) No, 6.4 %. see them reduced. It could be said, how­ What policy do you favor concerning the (cJ No opinion, 3.6 %. ever, that almost one-half of those re­ Middle East si.tuation? Although it will mean an increase in so­ sponding favor at least a continuation (a) United States political support of cial security taxes, do you support the 12¥2 % along the present lines. Israel, 8.4 % increase in social security benefits recently (b) United States political and military passed by the House? As far as our Selective Service System support of Israel, 8.3 % . (a) Yes, 50.3 %. is concerned, the majority of my constit­ (c) United States political support of the (b) No,29.3 % . uents are for the lottery system. Al­ Arab States, 1.4%. (c) No opinion, 20.4 %. though nearly 33 percent are satisfied (d) United States political and military Do you favor celebrating Washington's with the present system of drafting men support of the Arab States, 1.2 % . birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day into the military service, well over half (e) Settlement handled by the United and Veterans' Day on Mondays to allow for favor some version of the lottery system. Nations, with the United States remaining three-day weekends? neutral, 78.8 %. (a) Yes, 62.5 %. Federal aid to education has become (f) No opinion, 1.9 %. (b) No, 22.1%. widely accepted, and now the only ques­ What policy do you favor regarding the (c) No opinion, 15.4 %. tions seem to be how and for what the Panama Canal? Concerning the cost of living and main­ money will be distributed. (a) Continuation of United States control taining a home over the past few yea.rs, A majority are against the Congress over the Canal, 35.8 %. have you found: helping to settle labor disputes, and a (b) Gra nting the Republic of Panama (a) That the cost of living has increased great majority are opposed to Federal complete control over the Canal, 2.3 %. in relation to family income? 80.4 % . systems of financing Presidential cam­ (c) Joint oper.ation of the Canal by the (b) That the cost of living has remained U.S. and Panama, 44 % . about the same in relation to family income? paigns. (d) No opinion, 17.9 %. A tax increase is never a particularly 12.3 % . CONSTITUTION AL AMENDMENT (c) That the cost of living has decreased popular proposal, and the President's 10- in relation to family income? 1.5%. percent surtax is no exception. Over 71 Would you favor establishing a voting age of 18 for all national elections? (d) No opinion, 5.8 %. percent are against the surtax, with a (a) Yes, 63.1 %. Automobile manufacturers have stated surprising 20.8 percent in favor. (b) No, 32.4%. that the federal safety regulations recently Tax deductions for college expenses (c) No opinion, 4.5%. imposed have caused the price of new au­ and the recent social security increases tomobiles to increase. In view of this state­ were both accorded overwhelming en­ NATIONAL ISSUES ment, do you favor: What policy do you favor concerning the (a) Maintaining present safety standards? dorsements by those responding, while War on Poverty? 36.0 %. the celebrated 3-day holiday weekend (a) Expand programs and appropriate ad­ (b) F.stablishment of additional safety proposal was acceptable, though to a ditional funds, 50.0%. standards? 51.8 % . lesser extent. (b) Continue programs as they presently (c) Eliminating safety requirements in Nearly 83 percent said the cost of liv­ exist 28.1 % . order to reduce the cost of new cars? 3.7%. ing has increased in relation to family (c) Reduce existing programs and funds (d) No opinion, 8.5 %. income, while only 12.3 percent felt it allotted for them, 8.2 % . One controversial issue facing the Con­ has decreased. (d) Eliminate the War on Poverty, 6.7%. gress is that of meat inspection. As a pur­ A significant majority favor establish­ (e) No opinion, 7.0%. chaser of meat, do you find that the quality What is your view on the selective service of meat sold meets with your approval? ing additional automobile safety stand­ (a) Yes, 53.0 %. ards even though it could mean an in­ system (draft) ? (a) Retain the present draft system, (b) No, 28.9 %. crease in the cost of cars. Over 32 percent 43.5 %. (c) No opinion, 18.1%. want to at least maintain present safety In general, do you approve of the way (b) Use the lottery system, with all young President Johnson is doing his job? standards, while only 5.5 percent are for men between the ages of 19 and 26 con­ eliminating safety requirements in order sidered equally eligible, 16.7%. (a) Yes, 44.3 %. to reduce the cost of new cars. (b) No, 37.7% . ( c) Use the lottery system, pooling all (c) No opinion, 20.0%. More people are dissatisfied with the eligible men, but starting with 26 year-olds, quality of meat sold in their markets 10.0%. With relatively few exceptions, the than are satisfied. One particularly frus- ( d) Use the lottery system, pooling all seniors feel very much like their elders 6052 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 on the issues facing the United States. ORD, I would like to include the following United States. These people are told that Their responses on Vietnam and the article from the Philadelphia Inquirer, the rest of the nation will provide for them; that they will be provided with welfare Middle East are very similar, but they of March 9, 1968, entitled, "Nasser's geared to inflationary times; that the re­ do differ on the Panama Canal question. Half-Hearted Retraction": strictions on increasing welfare payments The seniors generally favor a joint op­ NASSER'S HALF-HEARTED RETRACTION for lllegltimate births wm be waived; that eration of the canal by the United States One of the Big Lies of the six-day Israeli­ their government will build six m1111on and Panama, while most of their elders Arab war last June was the charge spread houses for them; that the pot at the end of are for a continuation of U.S. control. by Nasser and others that American planes the rainbow ls in Washington. On the voting age question, the stu­ were used to help Israel. It was a lie; Nasser, The report encourages further riots be­ dents had an overwhelmingly affirmative Hussein and all the other Arab leaders knew cause those who stirred up trouble last year reply of 63.1 percent. Only 32.4 percent it was a lie. The Israeli Air Force didn't re­ can point to their accomplishments in shak­ quire any help from any quarter in its devas­ ing the dollar tree. felt a national voting age of 18 should not tating strikes. This ls akin to demands by foreign coun­ be established. There are multitudes of Arab people, how­ tries for more American aid or else they will The war on poverty also elicited a ever, who presumably stlll believe that the woo the Kremlin. greater favorable response from the sen­ U.S. intervened on the Israeli side. Nasser Meanwhile, the taxpayers who must work iors, with 50 percent favoring an expan­ did not want the Egyptians to know that the hard to pay for Uncle Sam's giveaways w111 sion of poverty programs and only 6.7 Israelis were able singlehandedly to defeat cringe at the prospect of a national program percent for an elimination of the war on the combined Arab forces in less than a week; to destroy incentives and to invite social­ thus the handy fabrication about massive ism and the welfare state. poverty. The percentages of their elders American air support. Mayor Henry G. Marsh, of Saginaw made are 23.4 percent and 23.8 percent, re­ The indirect sort of retraction now fur­ sense when he said: "We need money but spectively. nished by Nasser in the course of an inter­ we are deluding ourselves 1f we think money The seniors also seem to prefer the view with a Look magazine editor ls a great can replace personnel, individual, local re­ present draft system to a greater extent, deal less than the enormity of the original spons1b111 ty." and support deferments for college stu­ Big Lie demands. Nasser is not apologizing The Saglnaws and the Midlands of this dents. More of them, however, favor some for his false charge; he is not telllng his peo­ nation are in the best position to determine form of the lottery system, as do their ple that he lied to them. He ls, as usual, the extent of local problems and to work trying to have it both ways; placate the U.S. toward their solution. elders. and thus have diplomatic relations, and aid, And much of the job ls in keeping peo­ While a majority of my constituents do restored, while at the same time continuing ple working. The private enterprise system not feel the Congress should help settle to give the public impression at home that has provided the most and best-paying jobs labor disputes, a majority of the seniors we are the enemy. It ls about time that our. in the world. Labor shortages exist through­ feel Congress should. They are just as State Department and our aid-givers make up out the land. There is opportunity for all. opposed to Federal financing of presiden­ their minds not to reward Nasser duplicity. May we work toward making sure that tial campaigns and the President's surtax opportunity ls shared by all who wm accept proposal, but a greater percentage favor its respons1b1lit1es. tax deductions for college expenses than do their elders. Nation Cannot Buy Domestic Tranquility The adults responded more favorably to the social security increase than the HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG Washington Does Not Have To Force students, while the latter expressed People To Retire to Wyoming greater support for the 3-day holiday OF :MICHIGAN weekend proposal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Student views on the cost of living and Monday, March 11, 1968 HON. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON OF WYOMING automobile safety standards closely re­ Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, the semble those of their elders, but they recently released report of the Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strongly disagree when it comes to the dent's Commission on Civil Disorders is Monday, March 11, 1968 quality of meat sold. The seniors seem yet another indication that this admin­ Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, I no­ perfectly satisfied with that quality, istration has only one solution for a while a majority of their elders are not. ticed in the February 25 edition of the problem-moTe governmental spending. Washington Sunday Star, a distressing Regarding President Johnson's per­ This approach has been singularly in­ formance, a majority of the seniors ap­ fact in Joseph Young's excellent "Fed­ effective in our foreign policy and there eral Spotlight" column, that at least one prove of the way he is doing his job. is little reason to believe that further This question, however, seemed to pro­ employee of a Federal agency faces re­ extension of the welfare state concept location to Wyoming, apparently as a voke the most varied responses among will work at home. A recent editorial in seniors from the different schools in our punishment for not retiring at the age the Midland Daily News, published in of 55. area. For example, the seniors at Mones­ my district, is particularly pertinent to· sen High School voiced approval of the Apparently, according to Mr. Young's this point. I take great pleasure in pre­ column, the employee in question refused way President Johnson is doing his job senting it for the RECORD, as follows: by 53.6 percent to 29.0 percent, while to retire, ignored pressures to that end those at Hempfield disapproved 57 per­ NATION CANNOT BUY DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY and, the agency threatened to relocate cent to 25.7 percent. An initial reading of the summary of the him in a remote post in Wyoming. The report of the President's Commission on Civil employee has nothing against Wyoming Mr. Speaker, you can imagine the tre­ Disorders stirs resentment. mendous workload associated with send­ except that all his friends and relatives The commission appears to believe that live here and he knows no one in Wyo­ ing out and tabulating so many ques­ money and the welfare state will solve the tionnaires. But I will say again, that it is country's domestic problems. ming. well worth the effort. A Member of Con­ Saying the price tag may exceed that of Mr. Speaker, aside from the strong gress can only believe he knows how his the Vietnam war, the commission infers that feeling that a person's usefulness does people feel on certain issues, but when he "dollar diplomacy" concepts are being ap­ not cease at an arbitrary age like 55, knows how they feel, it enables him to be plied. I consider it reprehensible that any such The United States has not been able to a better representative; and I always pressures should be put on a Federal em­ buy its way out of world problems and there ployee, or any employee, for that mat­ want to be the best possible Representa­ is little reason to suggest that this approach tive I can be. at home will do much more than compound ter. the problems at hand. However, if official Washington is in­ Nasser's Half-Hearted Retraction There are dreamers who believe that the clined to regard life in wonderful Wyo­ creation of thousands of new jobs will moti­ ming as a form of earthbound limbo, let vate the unemployed dropouts from schools me dispel that illusion because it is sel­ HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT or work assignments. dom that a person with the means to But the tragic fact in many cases and OF PENNSYLVANIA retire there needs any additional in­ areas is that getting the job is not so im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portant as is getting the individual to work. ducement. If Monday, March 11, 1968 And this applies to the marginal people of the unnamed bureaucrat in question all races. . is indeed transferred to Wyoming against Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, under Now comes a much-publicized report from his will, may I wish him well and assure leave to extend my remarks in the REC- a group appointed· by the President of the him that he will soon have many good March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS. 6053 neighbors in a State where friendships tinguished himself as a member of the After their marriage in 1928, Mr. and Mrs. come easy and stay long. fourth estate. Beveridge began to think about a newspaper to they could call their own. This incident, in my mind, points up The article referred follows: That same year, Charles O'Neal came to the need on one hand for the quick pas­ WILLIAMSBURG EDITOR WILEY BEVERIDGE: AFI'ER work for Beveridge. O'Neal also had his aim sage of the Ervin "bill of rights" for Fed­ 56 YEARS, NEWSPAPER WORK STILL FASCINATING set on owning a newspaper. eral employees, and on the other, need (By Art Hough) "We pooled our resources and located at for a bureaucrat's refresher course WILLIAMSBURG.-Wiley Beveridge had been Sumner, November, 1930, in equal partner­ on the advantages of life in the big sky carrying a Saturday Evening Post route in ship." country of wonderful Wyoming, where Goldfield, Iowa, for two years when a scout Beveridge was by now a co-publisher, but you can see the sun, feel the grass, drink for the local weekly newspaper signed him it wasn't until 10 years after that that he the water, and smell the clean air with­ up and gave him his start in the printing took over as sole publisher of the Sumner industry. newspaper. He sold out in 1947 and then, as out battling smog, fog, corruption, crime, Now, 56 years later, Beveridge is publisher he puts it, "floated" for a few years. or pollution. of the Williamsburg Journal-Tribune. He is He was news editor of the Clarion news­ If that is exile, then so be it. a relative newcomer to Williamsburg, since paper, worked for a year in the composing I include the article to which I have he has only been here since 1957. room of the Press-Citizen at Iowa City, be­ referred in the RECORD: Wiley was 14 when he was hired by the fore Paul Lindemeyer, then a publisher at NEW TYPES OF PRESSURE To FORCE EMPLOYEES Goldfield newspaper. He is now on the smil­ Strawberry Point, got in touch with him TO RETIRE ARE CHARGED ing side of 70. and told him the Clarion paper was for MORE HOURS (By Joseph Young) sale. He puts in more hours than he did a half Beveridge and Lindemeyer bought the Charges of new types of government agen­ century ago, but he'll admit that the pay is Clarion newspaper in the fall of 1950 and cies' pressure tactics to force employes to better now. pontinued as partners for seven years. They retire are being heard by congressional com­ His first job was at $1 per week for 25 sold out, Jan. 1, 1957. mittees. hours. Five months later, June 1, 1957, Wiley Such charges previously had come to the After high school graduation his pay and became publisher of the Willianisburg Jour­ attention of the Senate Constitutional the number of hours was raised. He got $12, nal-Tribune. He bought the paper from Rights subcommittee headed by Sen. Sam the then going rate for printer's devils in W. H. Halbasch, who had operated the news­ Ervin, D-N.C., and the House Civll Service those parts. paper for 20 years. Manpower subcommittee headed by Rep. Wiley was born in a community some 60 The Beveridges' son, Reid, was then 15. David Henderson, D-N.C. The charges in­ miles south of Chicago, but by the time he Reid went on to Monmouth, took his mas­ volved employes being forced to retire on was in third grade the family was living ter's in journalism at Columbia university, threats that they would otherwise be re­ in Goldfield, in Wright county. and went immediately to Houston, Texas, moved on charges of mental disab111ty. "Goldfield was about 750 then," Beveridge where he is now an editorial writer for Now there are charges that employes are recalls. "It has shrunk some since." the Chronicle. being pressured to retire by threats of re­ He started in Oct. 1, 1911, working on a WITH IPA assignments to unwanted jobs, greatly in­ four-page newspaper. creased workloads, transfers to jobs in remote Like all good newspapermen, Wiley's most "It was all handset, every letter by hand" appreciated honors have come from fellow and unacceptable locations, withdrawal of and it was great experience for a boy who all work assignments so that employes have journalists. In 1959, he was elected to Sigma already had the desire to be a country editor. Delta Chi, national professional journalistic nothing to do, and other similar tactics. Wiley saved his money and by the fall of In some agencies, as soon as employes society, and in 1961 "to my great surprise," 1916 he was enrolled in Monmouth college he was elected to the board of directors of reach the minimum retirement age, they in Illinois. It was there that he met Miss begin to feel the pressure to retire. the Iowa Press Assn. He is now recording Margaret Gracey, who taught several years in secretary of IPA and is slated to advance to One case, according to the charges, in­ the Newton, Iowa, schools, before they were volved an employe who had spent his en­ the presidency in 1970. married. Mrs. Beveridge ts her husband's Weekly newspapers greatly outnumber the tire government car~r in Washington, On right hand man in the front omce of the reaching age 55, with 30 years' service, his "big city dailies" in Iowa. At last count Journal-Tribune. there were 396 weeklies in this state. agency started pressuring him to retire. TO NAVY When refused, the agency threatened Lack of Unotype operators has forced many to relocate him to a remote post in Wyo­ Beveridge's schooling at Monmouth was of these newspapers into offset printing, ming. The employe has nothing against interrupted by World war I. War was de­ Beveridge agrees, but he intends to stay Wyoming, except that all his friends and clared in April, 1917. Wiley stayed on through with the conventional letterpress type of relatives live here, he knows no one in Wyo­ his sophomore year, but in the spring of printing. ming, and at this time of his career and 1918 he was excused from final examina­ His shop ls well-equipped and-at least life he and his wife want to remain in tions so that he could enlist in the navy. just as important-he has a good linotype Washington. In July, 1918, he was assigned to the Santa operator he hopes wm work for him for­ Other cases, it is charged, involve employes Oliva, a Grace Line ship which transported ever. She is Mrs. Gerald Carney, who was being given menial tasks after years of re­ cargo to Gilbraltar and Marseilles. employed by the Journal-Tribune when sponsible assignments; heavy workloads all "We celebrated Armistice day, Nov. 11, Beveridge came here. Her husband is em­ out of proportion to what an employe can 1918, coming down the Spanish coast from ployed by a Williamsburg lumber yard. reasonably handle; the "silent, ignored treat­ Marseilles to Gibraltar. We docked at HobQ­ "Offset will be the saving grace for many ment," where an employe has nothing to ken and later made four round trips trans­ small weeklies," says Beveridge, "if they can do and his self-respect suffers accordingly. porting soldiers home from Brest, St. Nazaire, work together in groups. Some papers a.re All of this lends emphasis to the need for and Bordeaux." going to teletypesettlng used 1n conjunction enactment of the Ervin "bill of rights" for The Santa Oliva brought back 2,000 soldiers with their letterpress operation, and that's federal employes, already approved by the on each trip. good, too." Senate, but which thus far is languishing Because he could punch a typewriter, FASCINATED in the House Civil Service and Manpower Beveridge eventually was drafted as a navy After 56 years, Wiley ls still "tremendously subcommittee. yeoman and advanced to yeoman 2/c before fascinated by this thing." his discharge in August, 1919. "Like all beginners, I had printer's ink in Fresh out of the navy, Wiley hurried back my blood. I always had newspapers as my After 56 Years, Newspaper Work Still to Monmouth and was graduated in 1921. goal. We were in debt up to our ears at NEWSPAPERS Sumner during the depression, but we made Fascinating He then spent a short time on the Aledo, it." Ill., Times-Record, a 16-page county-seat The "big story" in Williamsburg during weekly, before he was lured back to Mon­ Beveridge's tenure, might surprise a more HON. FRED SCHWENGEL mouth to manage a print shop. cynical or sophisticated newspaper man. OF IOWA After 1¥2 years at Monmouth, he was put "The biggest event of all time here was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in touch with a publisher at Wyoming, Ill., the construction of interstate-BO. I observed who elevated him to resident manager of the it all the way, personally interviewing when Monday, March 11, 1968 Princeville, Ill., Telephone. He stayed there paving was under way. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, the three years, doing all of the writing, setting "Some thought I-80 would be detrimental Sunday, March 3, edition of the Cedar type, and handling advertising. The paper to this community, but it isn't. Construction Rapids Gazette carried a feature story had a staff of three, including the resident of two truck stops, restaurants, and motels manager, but it was another step up for at the interchange has helped employment on one of the First District's most experi­ Wiley. in this area. enced weekly newspaper editors, Wiley After another three yea.rs, Beveridge lo­ ''People who are camping out or feeding Beveridge. cated at Lacon, Ill., where he was resident themselves come off the interstate and visit Mr. Beveridge is the editor of the Wil­ manager for seven weeklies located in Illinois Williamsburg. There frequently are picnics liamsburg Journal-Tribune. He has dis- and Wisconsin for four years. in the city park." 6054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1.968 When Wiley sees strangers in town, he my bill will provide and I am pleased to Secretary Hull was recognized and gener­ always makes it a point to strike up conversa­ have the support of the administra­ ally acclaimed as the architect and "Father tion with them-if possible-learning where tion on this important matter. of the United Nations." He participated in they are from, why they are here, and where the planning conferences for the world orga­ they are going. nization at Dumbarton Oaks and at the San "Business men benefit directly or Francisco Conference when the UN was es­ indirectly." tablished. Williamsburg also benefits from having An Evening With Cordell Hull's Secretary Hull was also a brilliant political industry within commuting distance. Confidential Assistant tactician and one of his greatest accomplish­ "About 75 people from here are employed ments in this regard was an agreement he in Amana," Beveridge noted. "Some people exacted from Republican Presidential Candi­ come here to live because they can commute HON. JOE L. EVINS date Thomas E. Dewey in 1944 for a biparti­ to their jobs elsewhere." san treatment of the United Nations plan OF TENNESSEE SEVENTY-TWO YEARS in the presidential campaign. The pact was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES According to the 1960 census, Williamsburg called the "Hull-Dewey-Dulles Agreement of has a population of 1,342 and Beveridge esti­ Monday, March 11, 1968 1944" and is considered one of the most un­ mates the population of the Greater usual agreements in American history. Williamsburg area to be 1,702. The Journal­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Standing at President Roosevelt's side as Tribune covers an east-west corridor with a the Honorable Cordell Hull, Secretary of the war began and as the first impact of the circulation of 1,839. It is published on State and my predecessor in Congress Japanese aggression shocked the Nation, Sec­ Wednesday with a Thursday dateline and is from the Fourth Congressional District retary Hull emphasized the importance of distributed by mail or over the counter. of Tennessee, certainly was one of the strength as an assurance of ultimate peace. The newspaper has been published here great men of our time--and of all times. "Nation after nation," he said in 1942, for 72 years. It now has a staff of eight, plus "learned too late that safety against such He has often been referred to as the attacks lay only in more effective force; in Publisher Beveridge, who helps out wherever "f.ather of the United Nations." He he is needed, often making up pages in the superior will; in concerned action of all free back shop. fought for preparedness prior to World nations directed toward resisting and de­ The paper is dependent on both advertising War II, he was deeply involved in the feating the common enemies." and commercial printing. alliance that defeated the Axis Powers, Following the Moscow Conference attended Many subscribers who know the paper is and he had a firm belief in the necessity by the United States, Russia, Great Britain printed on Wednesday come to the newspaper of a world organization where all nations and China, Secretary Hull in a memorS1ble omce to get their edition. could meet in a public forum and dis­ address before a Joint Meeting of Congress "It is a good feeling," says Wiley Beveridge, cuss and debate their problems and dif­ on November 18, 1943-the only Secretary of "when people come in to get the paper off the State to ever address such a Joint Meeting­ counter Wednesday afternoon, rather than ferences. told how all of the participating nations wait until Thursday's mail brings it to them." In this connection, I recently spent an agreed to support the concept of a world evening with the late Secretary Hull's organization. He outlined the purpose of the competent, knowledgeable, confidential conference: to plan for cooperation in a assistant, Mr. Carlton Savage, of Wash­ peaceful world following cessation of hostil­ ington, now retired from the State De­ ities. Hunger Reserve Bill He was optimistic in hoping that there partment. would no longer be a need for alliances, As a result of this evening, I have pub­ spheres of influence and balances of power. HON. JOHN M. ZWACH lished in my newsletter, Capitol Com­ It was his hope that the UN would bridge OF MINNESOTA ments, the following: the differences between nations. Although IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TuRNING BACK THE PAGES OF HISTORY: AN the UN has not fully realized these goals, as EvENING WITH CORDELL HULL'S CONFIDEN­ subsequent events show, the objectives of Monday, March 11, 1968 TIAL ASSISTANT the UN continue to be desirable and worth­ while-a forum for discussions and solutions Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, on Decem­ Recently I had the rare privilege of spend­ of the problems of the world and the promo­ ber 11, I introduced a bill designed to ing an evening with Mr. Carlton Savage, tion of peace. confidential assistant, adviser and close set up a? additional reserve for wheat, The documents which Mr. Savage ex­ feed grams, and soybeans so that there friend of the late Cordell Hull for more than a score of years. Mr. Savage, who has retired hibited include an account of Secretary would be an adequate supply of such from service with the State Department in Hull's appearance before the American So­ food to meet the needs that could arise Washington, is a competent, sincere person ciety of Newspaper Editors in which he dis­ from an emergency. who enjoys reliving the highlights of his life cussed the problems involved in working H.R. 14365-which I have called the and close association with Secretary of State with the Russians against the common hunger reserve bill-adds those protec­ Cordell Hull, my distinguished predecessor enemies. in Congress from the FOurth Congressional Patience and perseverance was counseled tions which were sadly lacking in the bill by Secretary Hull as he praised the courage that had been voted down in the House District. During our evening together, Mr. Savage of the Russians in repelling German aggres­ Agriculture Subcommittee. provided additional insights into the life of sion. He said Stalin had treated him cour­ These stocks consisting of up to 300 the late Se<:retary Hull who, Mr. Savage said, teously, was well-informed, had a facility for million bushels of wheat, 500 million considered "courage, character and fair­ pinpointing basic issues in discussions, and bushels of corn or its equivalent in oth­ dealing" as the major attributes men should had a very good sense of humor. As the two er feed grains, and up to 75 million bush­ cultivate. This disclosure was especially in­ parted fo1lowing the Moscow Conference, els of soybeans, are to be considered teresting to me because I can recall some Stalin thanked him profusely for his par­ a separate reserve as distinguished from advice that the elder Hull gave me in my ticipation in the conference, turned away, early years of service in the Congress. In that walked a few steps away, returned to Sec­ those Commodity Credit stocks pur­ conversation, Judge Hull advised me to com­ retary Hull and again shook the Secretary's chased as a regular function of our price bine hard work with patience and persever­ hand vigorously. support program. The hunger reserve will ance for success in the Congress. I have found Perhaps the most eloquent of the Hull be stored in the hands of the farmer that advice eminently correct for service to speeches was an inspiring address entitled and cannot be moved, as is the case our people, District, State and Nation. "The Need for Spiritual Rebirth," delivered with CCC stocks, by the Secretary of Mr. Savage, as a talented writer, assisted March 22, 1941, which included this state· Agriculture unless there is an emergency. Secretary Hull in preparing his lengthy ment: Second, such stocks can be moved at memoirs. He has a rare and fascinating treas­ "We need today a resurgence of spiritual ure of Hull documents and memorabilia, in­ purpose and moral stamina. We must re­ not less than 100 percent of parity price. cluding a number of unpublished pictures. dedicate ourselves to the service, the defense In the President's farm message of Mr. Savage accompanied Mr. Hull on all of and the nurturing of freedom under justice last week, I was very pleased to see that his missions and took notes and minutes on and law. Our homes, our schools, our the administration has relented from all actions and proceedings. His memoranda churches, our leaders in every walk of life their previous stand and now added some trace the development and carrying out must inculcate this faith and this spirit." of the very safeguards that we attempted of the Hull Good Neighbor Policy and his Certainly these eloquent words and thia to do by amendments in the earlier bill. constant fight to build this Nation's strength message are as vital today as they were The President urges swift passage of as the war clouds gathered prior to World when this great statesman and Tennessean War II. Secretary Hull's role in the Roosevelt delivered them more than 25 years ago. Moral such a hunger reserve to be owned by Administration in cementing the alliance stamina, spiritual purpose, strength, pa­ the farmers, and asked that such reserve that defeated the enemy and his leadership tience and perseverance are needed today a.a stocks not be sold at less than parity. in building the United Nations were relived we seek to solve our problems at home and These are the very two safeguards that again in discussing ·these events in history. abroad. March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6055 The Senator Who Is "Mr. Kansas" gress from Kansas. There was another hard Emporia Gazette, William L. White, son of campaign, but Frank Carlson won by about the famous William Allen White, wrote of his 2,700 plurality. He doubled that in 1936 and 1931 legislative colleague, "The current senior HON. CHESTER L. MIZE in four subsequent elections he increased his sen a tor from Kansas was then exactly the margin of victory each time. same lean, blue-eyed, pink-complected, tow­ OF KANSAS headed Swede that he is today; shrewd, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEVELOPED PAY-AS-YOU-GO TAXES blunt, sparing of speech but always saying Congressman Carlson served in the House clearly whatever needed to be said but with Monday, March 11, 1968 12 years. His principal committee assign­ no swirls nor flourishes." Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, much has been ments were to ways and means (taxation) A miller who has known the senator many and postal affairs, but he was also a leader years recently t.old me, "Frank Carlson typi­ written and said about the retirement of in formulating the son conservation program. the senior Senator from Kansas, the fies this state as nobody else does and he is Perhaps outstanding wa.s his sponsorship of literally Mr. Kansas." Honorable FRANK CARLSON, at the end of the pay-as-you-go plan on federal income taxes, to replace the old system of paying Senator Carlson has a long record of par­ this term. No other Kansas statesman, in ticipation in religious affairs. When he was my memory, has held such a high place this year on last year's earnings, the result of 16, he organized a community Sunday School in the hearts and minds of the people he which was that the taxpayer was always a in his home area and was superintendent of serves, or has been so highly regarded year behind his tax liabilities. Upon the first try, his bill was defeated by nine votes, a Baptist Sunday Sohool for 20 years. He by his colleagues in Government. whereupon Speaker Sam Rayburn called the established a Bible class in Washington that An article in the March 5 edition of Kansan to one side and said, "Frank, your is still active. He originated the Presidential the Southwestern Miller chronicles the plan is right and must be adopted, but we Prayer Breakfast in 1953 and has presided highlights of his distinguished career of Democrats can't permit a Republican to have at all of the annual occasions. public service spanning a third of a cen­ the credit for this important step. Why don't REMOTE CONTROL FARM OPERATOR tury. This article also gives an insight you let one of our boys co-sponsor the bill?" Suoh is the career on the national level of Wise to the fine points of political finesse, into why Senator CARLSON deserves the the one-time farm boy, the son of immigrant Mr. Carlson adopted this advice and the blll parents who went from Sweden to Kansas. He rich accolades which are being accorded soon became law. attended rural schools, business college and him. Under leave to extend my remarks, Kansas State University. He began farming I wish to bring this excellent article to ELECTED GOVERNOR IN 1946 Two events converged during his sixth in 1914 in partnership with his father, and the attention of all who respect and ad­ congressional term to take Mr. Carlson back he ran the threshing rig that served the mire those public servants who measure to Kansas. The first was his daughter's de­ community. After military services in World up to the highest ideals of statesman­ cision to enroll at the University of Kansas War I, he farmed for himself on a corn, ship: ·and her parents' wish to live as near as pos­ wheat and liv·estock place of 320 a.cires, now expanded to 600. Since 1935, he has operated THE SENATOR WHO Is "MR. KANSAS" si:ble to her. The other was the opportunity to become governor of Kansas. Both came to this establish:ment by remote control. He Events of a commonplace nature sometimes told me a few d·ays ago that this place in have surprising consequences. For instance, pass in 1946. Governor Carlson's four years in Topeka the valley of the Republican River produced there was a midsummer rainstorm in 1932 more than 13,000 bushels of corn last year in Cloud county, Kansas, that seemed to have were highlighted by a vast improvement in the state's mental health program, provision on 100 irrigated acres, adding that water is no importance beyond ending a dry spell and lifted but 30 feet from a thick gravel deposit. stopping field work for a day or so, yet this for the first time for state aid to elementary schools, addition of new buildings to state Unsolicited have been honorary degrees small incident propelled Frank Carlson into colleges, better pay for teachers and a com­ from Kansas State University and eight a distinguished public career of more than prehensive highway improvement plan. Dur­ other institutions. He is a board member of a third of a century. ing his administration, he was chosen as the Agricultural Hall of Fame, the Mr. Carlson, then a young farmer near Con­ chairman of the National Governor's Confer­ Menninger Foundation and of the Private cordia, had an evening phone call from Alfred ence in 1949 and chairman of the Council CoUeges of Kansas. He was president of the M. Landon, who had just been nominated for of State Governments the next year. Cloud County Farm Bureau. governor. Said the candidate, "Frank, can NOT TO RUN AGAIN AFTER 18 YEARS Frank Cadson was Republican county you meet me tomorrow in Topeka? I want ch.airman in the late 1920's and served in the you to take the state chairmanship. With a Just before the end of his gubernatorial Kansas legislature in 1929 and 1931. As man in the petroleum business as the nomi­ career, Mr. Carlson was elected to fill a chairman of the committee on assessment nee, it is imperative to have a farmer in vacancy in the U.S. Senate and to the suc­ and taxation in the latter year, he drafted charge of the campaign. Others will raise the ceeding six-year term. He was re-elected in the state's first income tax law, an action money and do most of the work, but I must 1956 and 1962 and thus is now in his eight­ that would not usually be regarded as a sure­ have you at the head of things." eenth year in that great body. He is the only fire route for political preferment. "We pre­ The man on the farm hesitated. He had cl tizen of Kansas ever to be Congressman, sented the facts about the state's needs to just bowed out of the legislature after two Governor and United States Senator. He the people," he said, "and they haven't seen terms because service there interfered with startled political circles by announcing re­ flt to change the basic concepts in the law his business, and his campaign experience cently that he would not be a candidate for even rafter 37 years." was limited to his home county. Finally he a fourth term, although it is almost uni­ yielded in part to his friend's entreaties, say­ versally believed that he would easily be PROVERBIAL MEMORY FOR PEOPLE ing, "Well, Alf, if it rains tonight I'll meet elected again. The Carlson memory for faces and names-­ you, but if tomorrow is dry I must stay home ACTIVE ROLE IN FARM LEGISLATION one of the most useful assets that a ma.n in the political field can have-is proverbial. and put up hay." When his party was in power, Senator Jupiter Pluvius opened up the spigot in Once at a Kansas Wheat Field day, a dozen or Carlson was chairman of the post office and more men from various parts of the state the wee small hours, Mr. Carlson drove to civil service committee. He has been on the the capital city and accepted the chairman­ came up to shake hands, and I was witness important finance committee through mos·t to the fact that he called all by name and ship and Mr. Landon was elected-the onl~ of his senatorial career, his earlier experi­ Republican in the nation to defeat an in­ location. An admiring colleague who is him­ ence on the House tax-writing committee self no amateur in this art remarked, "I cumbent governor that year. "It was a tough standing him in good stead. He is a member battle," Mr. Carlson recalled recently. "Times of the vital committee on foreign relations. honestly believe that if Frank Carlson were were hard in 1932 and a dollar was an im­ to be taken blindfolded to any spot in Kansas, He has taken an aictive part in shaping farm he would be able to identify half the men portant amount of money. Most of the time legislation, and on more than a few occasions we had hardly enough in the treasury to buy whom he would see when his sight was his practical good sense has been most help­ restored." postage stamps." Just before election, vast ful to the agricultural trades in connection confusion was generated by a huge write-in with various legislative proposals. He was a Frank and Alice Carlson will return to campaign for a bizarre radio doctor who was key adviser to President Eisenhower and a make their permanent home in Concordia known to many as Goat-Gland Brinkley, and member of the Hoover Commission on Reor­ soon after the end of the present senatorial he polled about 175,000 votes and nearly ganization of the Executive Branch. He was session, he to preside over the operation of bowled over both of the old parties. a delegate to the United Nations in 1964, by the farm and both to try to keep up with FIRST NAMED TO HOUSE IN 1934 appointment by President Johnson. He has the progress of three grandchUdr·en who with Declining the new governor's offer of any been especially influential in tax and postal their father and mother live in Junction state post he might desire, Mr. Carlson re­ legislation. He is chairman of the committee City. The Carlsons may not spend much time turned to his farm but his successful man­ that determines Republican committee as­ dwelling upon their past service to com­ agement of the 1932 campaign impelled his signments. He is in brief, an extremely in­ munity, state and nation, nor upon the dis­ party's local leaders to slate him for Congress dustrious senator. tinctions and honors that have been earned, two years later. The outlook was bleak, for TRIBUTE AS SHREWD AND BLUNT but there are a lot of others who will long it was not a Republican year and his oppo­ In a recent editorial entitled "Frank" in remember the fine type of citizenship that nent was the only woman ever to go to Con- Kansas' most prestigious newspaper, the they represent. 6056 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 A Peace Corps Volunteer From Phila­ old city and I am most happy to go there thing new that is bound to fail? Nothing when I have an opportunity. can ever be outside of politics in this town. delphia Writes Home After a short stay in the s~all Republic's I cannot trust the other members of the Capital, our group was assigned sites. Flor­ committee. The Peace Corps volunteer is a ida de Copan was to be my place of work good guy, but the others! What ls this rich HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER for the coming two years. Copan is in the American doing spending two years in our OF PENNSYLVANIA Western part of Honduras and ls famous for town when he can be living well in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Mayan Culture which flowered many United States? These are some problems years ago. I felt suddenly lost when I was which all Peace Corps volunteers hear during Monday, March 11, 1968 told that my site was away from other Peace two years of service. It takes time to show Corps volunteers and a long way from any that we do have an interest, and that we Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. Speaker, a major city, the closest being San Pedro Sula, are not deceiving anyone. Peace Corps is con­ young man from Philadelphia, Lewis A. the banana center on the North Coast of tact with other people, communication of Wexler, has been a Peace Corps volunteer Honduras. One week after our group arrived ideas, and making friends. We are presently in Honduras for the past year and a half. in Honduras we arrived at our respective working on the base constructed by former Recently he wrote a letter home to his sites. The Peace Corps volunteer I was to workers in community development. Hope­ friends and acquaintances that I have replace in the coming months, was with me. fully, it will be easier in the future, for our had the pleasure of reading. I found it We arrived at a small town late on a clear group too will place additional blocks on night, and found ourselves in a small house the foundation built by our predecessors. one of the most fascinating, informative, in a town of about 3,500 people. This I Two exceptional highlights of my past and inspiring accounts of the Peace learned was Florida de Copan. The first few year with the Peace Corps were the two visits Corps program that I have ever seen. nights I spent on the floor of this house and of my father to Honduras. In late March my Mr. Wexler, the son of a well-known later moved into a boarding house. The first Dad visited my site in Honduras. I stlll re­ Philadelphia lawyer, Morris M. Wexler, few weeks were spent learning Spanish and ceive questions as to his whereabouts and is stationed in Florida de Copan, a town meeting the people. The people, at first a his health. He was welcomed warmly and I of some 3,500 in western Honduras. It is little suspicious and guarded, soon started to believe will not forget his trip to Honduras. divulge many of the problems of the town. Last Spring we visited San Pedro Sula, the apparent from the letter that he en­ Food consisted mainly of rice, beans, eggs, industrial center of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, joys his assignment and believes in the and a little meat. After a few days of com­ Florida de Copan, and the famous Mayan mission of the Peace Corps. His letter can plete abstinence, I was compelled, by a most Ruins of Copan. We also visited the Bay give all of us a clearer glimpse into the basic drive, to eat. Soon, I became a "Cat­ Islands, three off-shore islands that are yet everyday work of the Peace Corps, and racho," or a pure Honduran. Shortly there­ undeveloped (attested to by the complete I include the text of Mr. Wexler's letter af~er I moved into the house occupied by lack of tourist facil1ties). The islands are in­ in the RECORD: the volunteer who had left my site, and food habitwted by English speaking people and FLORIDA DE COPAN, and housing were of less importance. are most interesting. Ask my Dad if he en­ Honduras, Central America, February 1968. I promptly ·became involved in the affairs joyed his first trip to Honduras and he will of the town. I was invited by the Mayor of DEAR FRIENDS: Since coming to Honduras beam and probably pull out pictures of more than a year ago (October 10, 1966), I Florida to attend all meetings of the mu­ Florida de Copan and a bus stuck in the have wanted to write all my friends and nicipality and was told of the full cooperation middle of a river. His second trip to Honduras acquaintances of my experiences in the Peace that I would receive from the town. I became was only for a few days la~t October, but I Corps. During the coming months, before I quickly involved in building school projects enjoyed seeing him and taking a few days return to the United States, I hope to write with the help of Care, the formation of a off from work. These two visi.ts have made more in this fashion of Honduras, Hondurans Credit Union in the town, a. park project, and the past months even more enjoyable. and the Peace Corps. agricultural projects. After many meetings, If I can answer any of your questions about many failures and many suc~esses, the towns­ During the past year and several months I the Peace Corps and Honduras. I hope you people responded slightly better to -,the needs will not hesitate to write to me. remember many of the highlights of my ex­ of the town and to their civil responsibility. perience. The first few days in Honduras, the With best wishes for a happy and pros­ We have. learned from our ·failures, and have perous 1968, I remain, first few days in Florida de Copan, meetings taken great pride in our successes, but we of:various groups to which only two or three Sincerely yours, . have worked together and stayed together LEW WEXLER. people turned out, good meetings in which through many feuds, and adverse criticism. various town leaders took an interest, good Especially difficult !or a volunteer in a for­ projects, bad projects and frustrations, learn­ eign country is to learn what another people ing of cultural differences between Hondur­ mean by "Si" or "No". Are the people only Victorr or Defeat Is the Choice ans and Americans (both painfully and pleas­ saying something to please an outsider? It antly), explaining Peace Corps to skeptical takes time and plenty of work to get to know Hondurans, getting afoul of the politics of the people well enough to get down to brass the community and country, the two visits HON. BOB WILSON tacks ... it almost takes an entire year for OF CALIFORNIA of my Dad to Honduras, the warm reception the people to have faith in the worker who he received at my site, and the questions I is pushing development in the town. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES still receive about him, these are some of the One of the most difficult problems in a Monday, March 11, 1968 many things I remember during the past year small town in Latin America is coping with of Peace Corps Service. However, in my mind the political situations famous in this part Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under I do not look back upon the schools built, of the world. The ruling power is always leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ the new Saving and Loan Cooperative in taking advantage of' the party out of control. ORD, I include the following editorial from Florida de Copan established and a central This ls no exception in Florida de Copan. park constructed, but rather the many friends the San Diego, Calif., Union, of March 6, Some members of the community will not 1968: I have made in Honduras and the many ex­ enter public buildings, others will not go to a periences ·that we have shared together. session in another part of town. A volunteer No MAGIC SOLUTION IN VIETNAM: VICTORY OR Peace Corps' Honduras 7 arrived in Hon­ cannot please everyone and must be suffi­ DEFEAT Is THE CHOICE duras in early October of 1966. The first ciently resourceful to rise above the petty It is an anomaly that as the Communist week was spent in Tegucigalpa, the pic­ arguments and feuds that stand in the way pressure and terrorism in Vietnam increases turesque Capital of Honduras. Not surpris­ of development in Latin America. The peo­ there is also an escalation of so-called debate ingly everyone spoke Spanish. Even after ple in the town cannot usually muster in the United States of America that is three years of Spanish at the University of enough force to free themselves of these framed in terms of "alternatives." Pennsylvania, some study in Mexico, and an problems. A volunteer is able to do this as an There are only two alternatives in Vietnam extensive course in Peace Corps training, I outsider in the community, but must be care­ that should be of concern to us: Victory or found myself immediately lost in the Hon­ ful not to be part of any one group or defeat. The latter is grim and unthinkable, duran idioms and expressions. Irrespective organization, for at the end of two years the which leaves the former. of the difficulty with the language I fell im­ people will have either no volunteer or a To gain victory at this late stage when the mediately in love with Tegucigalpa. The new volunteer who ls not yet sensitized to military war has been prolonged too long al­ Capital of Honduras was founded in the the problems of the community. The Peace ready means that Americans now will have 16th Century (Honduras was discovered by Corps must develop the human resources of to face up to some grim truths. Columbus on his last voyage in 1502) and the town sufficiently to help the people solve The first is that nobody will wave a magic flourished as a leading gold and silver center. their own problems apolitically. wand to end the war in Vietnam. The victory will come largely as the result of the efforts Tegucigalpa lies on an old plateau along the Skepticism ls another great problem. What can an American do in this town? This Amer­ of the South Vietnamese, ourselves and the Choluteca River and is a most colonial city. ican guy ls just learning to speak Spanish scattering of allies we now have on the The Spanish influence is everywhere--in and he wants to organize a saving coopera­ scene. the adobe homes, the narrow streets, the tive. The Peace Corps ls fine, but you do Another truth is that the war of so-called public plazas, and the old churches. The city not have any money to give away. Everything "graduated response" will at best lead to only is surrounded by mountains and has a nice else that we have tried before has failed. a half victory-which is equivalent to none climate most of the year. It is a wonderful Why should we put our time into some- at all. March 11, 1.968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6057 We must accept the fact that negotiation ment, H.R. 15860, which would allow hope that they will have the option of at this time, when the Viet Cong are staging States to pass along to their public as­ disregarding an amount equal to the full their major offensive of the war, is self de­ feating and delusory. sistance recipients the full amount of the 13:Y2 percent social security benefit in­ Communists have worked to near perfec­ social security increase to which they crease. The arbitrary limit of $7 .50 is tion the dogma of famed military expert Karl are entitled under the 1967 amendments. inadequate and unjust. There should be von Clausewitz that "negotiation is war car­ My amendment will help to accomplish no dollar limitation on the social security ried out by other means." what I am certain most of us intended­ benefit increase. Listen to the advice of Gen. Henri Navarre, an increase in the standard of living of It was the intent of those who par­ commander for the French at Dien Bien Phu all of our social security recipients equal ticipated in the framing of the first act in 1953: "In 1953 we were faced with the Viet to the 13 %-percent benefit increase that social security beneficiaries should Minh, who like the Viet Cong today, were which we passed in December. receive amounts which are more than prepared to talk peace, but on their own terms only. To achieve those terms they tried As our public assistance law is writ­ the minimum for survival. I believe that to force a military victory so hum1llating to ten, the states must take into consid­ it was the hope of this Congress, too, us that the outraged politicians and pacifists eration all income and resources of an that the 1967 benefit increase should rep­ at home would be prepared to call a halt." individual in determining whether he is resent a real improvement in the stand­ Doesn't the situation sound similar? To­ eligible for public assistance and how ard of living of our older people. It cer­ day the graduated American response to Viet much his assistance will be. In recent tainly was not the intent that older peo­ Cong initiative has brought Communist years Congress has provided for some ple might be allowed to suffer for the terrorism to the cities and 5,000 American troops are surrounded at Khe Sanh. exceptions to this provision. In 1962, for sake of State treasuries, which under And Americans should listen to the mili­ example, we passed an amendment al­ present law can reap the benefit of the tary experts who say wars are. won by power. lowing the States to disregard a small reductions in assistance payments. Power means the capabUlty to wage war, the amount of earned income in determin­ I am sure that many of my colleagues skill to use the capability and the timeliness ing the assistance needs of recipients of in the House share the conviction that and will to do so. old-age assistance and aid to the dis­ all of our social security beneficiaries We have the power. We have the sklll to abled. We have passed a more generous should benefit from the recent increase win in Vietnam. "Graduated response" dic­ earnings provision for the blind, and to the fullest extent provided in the law. tated by civilians has robbed us of tactical to timeliness. And we have the wlll to win also for recipients of aid to families with I urge them, in addition, lend their among the public. A Copley Newspapers poll dependent children. support to my bill, which will make this in California and Illinois showed 80 per cent In 1965, when we passed a 7-percent conviction a reality. of the people support the war; 73 per cent increase in social security benefits, Con­ think a military victory is essential to stop gress provided that the States could, if Communists and three fourths said only they so elected, disregard up to $5 a more military pressure will make the Vie·t month of any income in public assist­ Stop Blaming Whites Cong negotiate. So the final truth Americans will have to ance cases. In this way, an effort was face is that they must make their voices made to pass along part of the increase ri in social security benefits to recipients HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL heard in support of the United States com­ OF ll.LINOIS mitment to ha.sten the mill.tary victory in of public assistance. Without this provi­ Vietnam. The voices must be loud enough sion, our neediest people-those on pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to drown out the babel of the minority of lic assistance-would simply have their Monday, March 11, 1968 pacifists and persons of questionable assistance checks reduced by whatever motives. Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in all of Fortunately, the circumstances a.re right. amount their social security benefits the welter of comment and conversation The voices of individual Americans will be were increased. over the report released by the Presi­ closely heeded in this, an election year. But Twenty-four States have taken some dent's Commission on Civil Disorders, we must speak up. action toward implementation of this I was interested to read the findings of provision, resulting in higher income for a Detroit psychiatrist, Dr. Elliott Luby, many thousands of people, and hope of who is a professor of law and psychiatry higher income for others whose States at Wayne state University in Detroit. Congressman Claude Pepper Introduces have not yet taken advantage of the Dr. Luby has just completed a study Legislation to Pass Along the Full 13% Federal provision. of racism for the National Institute of In the 1967 amendments the Congress Mental Health and one of his key recom­ Percent Social Security Benefit Increase increased the amount which States mendations is that social scientists to Public Assistance Recipients could disregard from $5 to $7 .50. In should stop blaming the white man for doing so, Congress reaffirmed its posi­ all the trouble. tion that all social security beneficiaries As has been noted elsewhere, the riot­ HON. CLAUDE PEPPER should get some advantage from a ben­ ers in Detroit were, by and large, a well­ OF FLORIDA efit increase. It is my conviction, how­ employed group making an average of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever, that we should have done more $115 to $120 a week and, according to Monday, March 11, 1968 than this. Dr. Luby's :findings, "group that was The $2.50 increase in the amount very optimistic about its future." Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, when which the States may disregard is, in I think the doctor's report is worthy of President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed my opinion, an inadequate sum. When consideration as we seek to find solu­ the Social Security Act in 1935, he com­ we voted for an increase in benefits of tions to these problems and include an mented: 13 % percent, we voted for what many article appearing in the Chicago Tribune This law ... represents a cornerstone in in Congress considered an absolutely today, describing the :findings of Dr. a structure which is being built but is by no minimal increase. Our public assistance means complete. Luby and his associates at this point recipients who are also social security in the RECORD: He foresaw, as did some others at the beneficiaries are entitled to at lea,st this full amount. It is unnecessarily cruel to STOP BLAMING WHITES time, that the program being established DETROIT, March 10.-A Detroit psychiatrist then was one which would of necessity deprive them of it through Federal leg­ completing a study of racism for the National reflect and respond to changes in a dy­ islative restrictions. Institute of Mental Health says social sci­ namic society. It should be emphasized that the num­ entists should stop blaming the white man The Congress has understood this. ber of people who could potentially be for all the trouble. Since 1935 the Social Security Act has affected by a pass-along provision is not Dr. Elliott Luby, associate director of De­ been amended many times in thousands small. For example, 1 million of the 2 troit's Lafayette clinic and professor of law of different ways. As legislators, we have million people on old-age assistance are and psychiatry at Wayne State university, says last summer's Detroit riot was "not an not hesitated to use the mandate of those also getting social security benefits. I expression of apathy, hopelessness, and who elected us to propose needed im­ would hope that in the months to come despair." provements in the programs under this more and more States will see flt to take Instead, Luby said, it was an expression act. up the option now offered them to dis­ of the black man's "growing identity, grow­ It is in this spirit of gradual improve­ regard some income in computing as­ ing pride, growing esteem, and an indica­ ment that I am introducing an amend- sistance benefits. But I would further tion that the black man no longer is meas- 6058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 uring himself in terms of the white man." Throughout this entire matter, the out of an easy-going pleasure yacht. At every Luby's report on his findings was broadcast Navy has been somewhat less than candid step of the way, his efforts were resisted by today by a Detroit radio station. junior officers who resented discipline and with me and with the American public­ conspired to undermine his measures. RECEIVED $135,000 GRANT and its deliberate attempts to cover what Luby, who is white, was given a $135,000 was originally a bad decision have not STICKLER FOR RULES grant by the institute, a branch of the de­ gone unnoticed. Doubtless he made mistakes. Arnheiter is partment of housing and urban development, Syndicated Columnist James J. Kil­ a spit-and-polish Dutchman, a stickler for to conduct his study. He and a staff of psy­ rules, but a first-class fighting man. He lusted chologists and psychiatrists interviewed 400 patrick has written a number of articles for action. The Navy has known such skippers persons arrested in last July's riot and also on the Arnheiter case, and he, too, asks in the past. And the rule spelled out in Navy talked to white people and Negroes in the the same question. manuals, when such officers get over-zealous, areas where the rioting took place. Mr. Speaker, I include Mr. Kilpatrick's is to counsel with them. It is of the "utmost His findings are in direct opposition to a latest column in the CONGRESSIONAL importance," says the regulation, that senior report released last week by the President's RECORD: officers attempt to straighten out an erring commission on civil disorders. The Kerner NAVY KEPT ON HOOK commander before taking disciplinary action report placed much of the blame for the (By James J. Kilpatrick) against him. riots on white racism and on Negroes' pov­ This wise policy was ignored in Arnheiter's erty and despair. WASHINGTON.-The Navy has begun to re­ case. Hearsay charges against him were cir­ Luby, however, said he is "becoming weary turn fire in the Arnheiter case, and a good culated behind his back. He lost his com­ of social scientists" making white people thing, too-for it suggests that the top brass mand before he could say one word in his "culpable for all of the difficulties which who have closed ranks in this sad affair are own defense. The Navy never lifted a finger blacks have experienced in this country." He feeling pressures that may yet produce the against the junior officers who formented said "this seems to be the etiquette of social full public airing that is urgently needed. disloyalty. In the light of the Navy's own science research today." For those who just came in: Lt. Com. Mar­ regulations, it · is incredible that an offi­ cus Aurelius Arnheiter, 42, is the gung-ho RELATED TO DESPAIR cer's career could have been so ruthlessly naval officer who took command of the USS destroyed on such fl.imsy evidence of such Luby said, "Riots in the past have been re.: Vance, an aging destroyer-picket ship, in trifl.ing allegations. Why did it happen? lated to notions of hopelessness and despair, December of 1965. It was his first command, So far as the Navy is concerned, Amheiter to unemployment and to poverty." after a brilliant performance as executive is dead. His only hope for vindication lies in However, he said, "Our studies strongly officer of the USS Ingersoll. It was also his a congressional investigation, or in constant suggest that the rioters were a well-em­ last command. Ninety-nine days later, when pressure by the press. He is one man, gravely ployed group making an average of $115 to his ship arrived at Subic from combat patrol wronged. So was Dreyfus. $120 a week, a group which felt that it had off Vietnam, Arnhei ter was summarily re­ substantially improved its status in the moved from command. He has since been community during the last three to five beached in San Francisco, and passed over years, a group that was very optimistic for promotion. His career has been utterly about its future. destroyed. Noise Reduction "And certainly this was not a despairing SHOULDN'T BE BURIED group of men, or an impoverished group. Now, it may seem strange, at a time when They in a sense were making a good income so much is going on, for a columnist to re­ HON. JOHN 0. DINGELL and they were rather confident about them­ turn to the Arnheiter case. But if a gross OF MICHIGAN selves and their future." injustice has been done to even one career IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When asked to explain why such people officer-and a great many responsible persons would riot. Luby said, "The closer the dis­ are convinced that Arnheiter is a pathetic Monday, March 11, 1968 tance becomes between the lower and mid­ victim of cumulative blunders-the story of Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, it is most dle class, the more militant and aggressive this one man ought not to be buried in topi­ unfortunate that blight seems to have and assertive the lower class becomes." cal news. become almost a way of life in America SENSE OF IDENTrrY Until this last week, the Navy had pre­ served a stony silence on the Arnheiter case. today. Decay in our cities, disfigurement Luby said, "Black people . . . are now de­ Secretary Paul Ignatius was suggesting, dead­ of the countryside, air pollution which veloping a sense of identity, a feeling of self­ pan, that there was no direct relationship is ruining our lungs and killing many determination and feelings that they are between the Arnheiter case and the abrupt of our magnificent trees, and water pol­ able now to control their own community." "resignation" of Arnheiter's articulate de­ lution which is destroying plant and fish Luby said the civil disorders are "a sign fender, Capt. Richard G. Alexander, as pro­ life as well as the natural scenic beauty of racial pribattleship New Jersey. ship between the black man and white man For two months, the official line was that of our lakes and streams. in the United States. since Arnhei ter had filed certain legal pro­ And over it all hangs that horrible "And in thls sense," Luby said, "it may ceedings in California, the Navy could say consequence of 20th century urban civil­ either bode ominously for the future de­ nothing. ization-noise. Blaring horns, the pending upon the white response or it may Now the Navy is insisting publicly that rumble of trucks, construction clatter suggest that the black man is now on the Arnheiter had his day in court, that the ver­ and bang, street drilling, and the shriek threshhold of making his most significant dict against him was impressively reviewed, of jet airplanes all add to the cacophony contributions to American culture and life." and that his "derelictions" abundantly justi­ with which we must contend each and fied the decision to deny him further com­ mand assignments. Without questioning the every day of our lives. sincerity of these gentlemen, it has to be said Major steps have been taken to al­ Navy Kept on Hook that many an outside critic, after searching leviate some of our many urban ills, review of the case, will fiatly disagree. thanks to the widsom of our President. If Arnheiter were as completely in the But little has been done to date to hold HON. JOSEPH Y. RESNICK wrong as the Navy now contends--if the case down the decibels. were all that black against him-it is be­ However, there is a ray of hope. Noise OF NEW YORK wildering that so many respected voices IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should have been raised in his behalf. Vice is not just an unpleasant annoyance that must be endured as part of the price of Monday, March 11, 1968 Adm. Thomas G. W. Settle, now retired after 51 years in the Navy, reviewed the entire Arn­ progress, as President Johnson has so Mr. RESNICK. Mr. Speaker, the Navy's heiter file and gave the young officer com­ wisely seen. His proposal for abatement handling of the case of Lt. Comdr. Mar­ plete support. Rear Adm. Dan Gallery has of jet aircraft noise should help to al­ cus Arnheiter-its summary relief of this angrily described Arnheiter's ordeal as "the leviate our most intolerable source of old story of big-shot professionals covering excessive sound. young officer from his command as a re­ up each other's mistakes." Vice Adm. Lorenzo sult of a conspiracy by two junior of­ Sabin concurs. Even more significant, per­ It is clear that authority must be given ficers without so much as a court-mar­ haps, is the eloquent testimony of enlisted to the Secretary of Transportation en­ tial-has attracted a good deal of at­ men who served on the Vance under Arn­ abling him to certificate aircraft using tention. heiter. They knew what Arnheiter sought to noise as a criterion. The efforts in the Many naval officers and former officers achieve. area of research and development relat­ have written me echoing the words of And what was this? The evidence is con­ ing to noise reduction technology will be vincing that Arnheiter inherited a sloppy virtually meaningless in the absence of Capt. Richard Alexander-another ship, infested with cockroaches suffering young officer who was suddenly relieved from miserable morale and lax discipline. regulations to establish common stand­ of a choice commandpost for coming to He had one month before going on the line. ards. Arnheiter's defense-how could this hap­ In this month, he sought by admittedly The quality of our environment is a pen in the U.S. Navy? Dacronian measures to build a taut warship problem with which all of us in the Con- March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6059 gress should be concerned. Passage of ments are now actually rising faster in the create minimum disturbance to the beau­ H.R. 3400, which would implement the central cities than in the suburbs through­ tiful countryside. out the country. This unexpected surge of President's proposals, would represent a new pupils is a burden for which the down­ Keystone responded with plans for positive step toward improvement of town schools are utterly unprepared. cooling towers that reduce to a minimum this environmental quality. As late as 1957, the Commission finds the the amount of water needed in steam central cities were still spending slightly generation and to preclude thermal more per school child, on the average, than pollution of the affected stream. It in­ were the suburbs. But by 1962 there had been stalled electrostatic precipitators that Detroit School Suit on Fiscal Equality a pronounced shift in favor of the suburban capture 99.5 pe-rcent of the fty ash that children. And by the school year 1964-65, when the cities were spending an average of comes from coal combustion. And it con­ only $449 per pupil, their suburbs were spend­ structed 800-foot stacks that disperse HON. WILLIAM D. FORD gaseous emissions far into the atmos­ OF MICHIGAN ing $573. In the Washington area the difference was phere. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES relatively modest: $508 per child in the city Suddenly the striking industrial com­ Monday, March 11, 1968 schools, an average of $562 in the suburbs. plex has become an appealing tourist at­ But in metropolitan Los Angeles it was $424 traction, a bonus that even the most Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, in the city, $654 in the suburbs. In Chicago it optimistic could not have anticipated so the Detroit Board of Education has be­ was $433 in the city and $578 in the suburbs; early in the life of the installation that gun a court suit which may prove to be in Dallas, $334 in the city and $597 in the one of the most significant legal actions suburbs. is now delivering power to the eastern of this decade. The suit threatens to end In Detroit, the Commission found, local seaboard. The large number of engineers taxes that year came to $171 per capita. In and other personnel required to construct the long-standing disparity between rich Detroit's suburbs, they averaged $141. But and maintain the plant, plus the work and poor school districts. in the amount spent on schools, the compari­ it provides for the men who man the The Detroit suit contends that educa­ son tilts in the other direction. Detroit could mines which supply coal to the generat­ tion is a State responsibility, that the only spend $454 per pupil, while its suburbs ing station, seemed reward enough to an 14th amendment requires that the State averaged $539. Far more heavily taxed, the city was still unable to put as much into its area thankful for the economic stimula­ provide equal education for all children, tion Keystone was to bring. and that the entire State-aid program schools as its suburban neighbors did. But even dollar equality is not good On March 1 Penelec added some top­ be revamped. enough. "These city children cost more to ping to its many contributions by pre­ An excellent analysis of the Detroit educate," Commissioner Howe said recently. senting to Governor Shafer a long-term position was presented March 5 in the "How much more? Nobody knows for sure. We lease for developing as a public recrea­ Washington Post by J. W. Anderson. I can only guess at what it would actually cost tion area the lake built to supply the commend this article to any of my col­ to run a topflight city school system." water for that plant. The 1,400-foot-wide leagues who share my concern over the Detroit's School Board is asking the Wayne body of water and 1,633 acres of land in ·growing problems of education in this County Circuit Court (and beyond it, a suc­ cession of appellate courts) to enforce on Armstrong County will be maintained Nation, and by unanimous consent, I and operated by the Pennsylvania Fish include the article in the CONGRESSIONAL Michigan a new definition of equality in school budgets. Statewide equality would Commission. RECORD at this point: mean, no doubt, the end of local school tax The Johnstown Tribune-Democrat's (From the Washington (D.C.) Post, May 5, rates. The most obvious solution is a uniform March 4 editorial, "Keystone Lake," ex­ 1968] state school tax that would be followed by plains the potential of the new recrea­ DETROIT SCHOOL SUIT ON FISCAL EQUALITY a drift of budget decisions to the state level. tion area. Under unanimous consent I (By J. W. Anderson) It would be a severe wrench away from the custom of local control of schools, and it insert it in the RECORD following refer­ Detroit's School Board is now challenging, ence to another Penelec project which at last, the scandalous disparity between the would come at a tiine when school systems rich suburban school districts and the poor are increasingly talking about decentraliza­ adds still further to its stature as a good urban ones. As a threat to the encrusted tion. A very high order of political intel­ neighbor. American tradition of free but inequal public ligence would be required to keep schools in On March 5 Penelec announced its education, the Detroit suit promises to be the touch with their surrounding communities if third annual evergreen tree program, a most influential litigation since the great the main budget policies were being made beautification project in which the com­ desegregation decisions 14 years ago. by the State government. pany provides seedlings to be planted by For many years, Detroit argues, it has taxed Detroit's suit jeopardizes a pattern of local local groups that include Granges, property at the highest rates permitted by control as old as the public schools them­ law and still it cannot match the quality of selves. But in financing the schools, local op­ Scouts, 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers and the schools in many other Michigan districts. tion may indeed be no longer constitutionally Future Homemakers, campers, hikers, Education is, after all, a state responsibility. supportable. By any definition of equality, and even school classes as well as civic, If Michigan is going to educate its children, the children of the big city slums are now business, and social organizations. the city says, then the Fourteenth Amend­ suffering fiscal discrimination as damaging as Penelec's program was inaugurated in ment requires Michigan to provide equal the Southern racial discrimination of 14 years 1966 as a practical approach to help education. ago. Prescribing equality of education is no make communities more attractive and simple matter in a big industrial state. Here to encourage sound conservation prac­ Detroit makes a second claiin, a truly radical tices. Already more than 300,000 trees one that moves far beyond dollars as a meas­ We're Proud of Penelec have been planted by 205 interested ure of equality. The city needs extra state groups, and the total will exceed the aid to give the children of slums an equal HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR half million mark this year. opportunity, and the School Board's lawyers Is there any wonder why central Penn­ are asking the court to void any state aid OF PE..'NNSYLVANIA sylvania is so proud of Penelec? law that fails to provide this additional help. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Harold Howe II, the U.S. Commissioner of The Tribune-Democrat editorial fol­ Education, has been calling attention for Monday, March 11, 1968 lows: some tiine to the nationwide inequities be­ Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, Pennsyl­ KEYSTONE LAKE tween city and suburb. "While the demands vania Electric Co. has a longstanding Over the years, American industry has on the city's services and revenues have been taken a lot of criticism (much of it deserved) increasing, its tax base has been decreasing reputation for providing excellent serv­ about how it has exploited natural resources. as one corpora tion after another had heeded ice over a wide area of central Pennsyl­ In more recent times, however, industry the siren song of handsome new industrial vania. It is also recognized as a mighty has taken one of the lead·ing roles in con­ parks developed in the suburbs," Howe said fine friend when it comes to community servation efforts. last fall, in a plea to the States to revise their service and responsibility. Even beyond that, certain aspects of in­ school aid laws. "Thus the proportionate When Penelec and associated utilities dUJStrial development pay a dividend. For ex­ amounts of money available to the city decided to construct the giant Keystone ample, an industry's need for a supply of schools has been decreasing at the very time water sometimes pays off three ways-the that the need for money has been increas­ mine-mouth generating station at She­ industry gets its water; in doing so, conser­ ing and as educational problems have become locta in Indiana County, Pa., residents of vation needs are observed; additionally, rec­ more intense." the area had every reason to be confi­ reational facilitLes are provided. A series of astonishing figures, developed dent--on the basis of the company's ex­ That has happened with a project of the by the Advisory Commission on Intergovern­ cellent record-that the new facility Pennsylvania Electric Co. Penelec has pre­ mental Relations, shows that school enroll- would be designed in such a way as to sented a long-term lease to Keystone Lake 6060 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 and nearby land tracts to the state for use as UNDERWRITTEN BY UNITED STATES ber 5, 1967, on this subject and I am in­ a recreational area. The lake, located between The program conducted in the one-story serting it in the RECORD at this point: Elderton and Sagamore in Armstrong County, building emanates from the Metropolitan THE FEDERAL BUDGET AFTER VIETNAM serves the Keystone Electric Generating Sta­ Senior Centers of Dade County. tion. While the $1.9 million cost is underwritten I. GOVERNMENT IN THE PRIVATE ECONOMY As a recreational area for use by Pennsyl­ by the federal government, it took two years Fortunately I can approach this subject vanians, the sector will provide fishing, boat­ to approve the design since nobody could with some intelligence, not my own, but that ing, picnicking and related outdoor activi­ find a. preced.ent. which has been supplied in compact and ties. The original design by Miami architect dynamic form by Dr. Martin R. Gainsbrugh So Keystone Lake will be serving industrial, Robert Bradford Browne uses only 10 percent in a paper delivered before the Subcommittee conservation and recreational interests. The of the 6.7 acres for the entire complex. The on Economy in Government of the Joint water will be used by the generating sta­ structures, of poured monolithic concrete Economic Committee on May 10, 1967, en­ tion. It will be pure enough to sustain fish exposed and stained, combined with tinted titled "The Government in the Market life; therefore conservation is served. And glass, are free of institutional gloom. Economy" (pages 148-1'55, iPart I of the !Hear­ it will offer a good place, within easy reach ings before the J.E.C. on Economy in Gov­ of many Johnstown district residents, for FINE PROJECTS ernment). leisure activities. The halls are open to light and ·air, with Dr. Gainsbrugh's statistics show clearly More of this type of industrial-conserva­ offsets ait intervals to give a sense of privacy. that the rhetoric propounded by the suc­ tionist coexistence would be welcomed. Of its 172 dwelling units, 35 one-bedroom cessful popularizer of the econolllic and po­ apartments accommodate couples and 137 litical myth, Dr. Kenneth Galbraith, that etliciencies, single individuals, in a total of the good guys with good works, namely the 575112 rooms. public sector, have been starved and the According to Irbye Giddens, MHA develop­ bad guys with bad works, namely the private Miami's Progress in Housing for Elderly ment director, five projects now under con­ sector, have been glutted is erroneous. struction are: Let me recapitulate some of the data A 17-acre site in the Perrine section for 128 educed by Dr. Gainsbrugh for six of the HON. DANTE B. FASCELL family and 20 senior citizen units. seven economic dimensions he selected to OF FLORIDA Scattered areas in Northwest Miami for determine the extent of government and pri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 329 elderly people and 516 family units vate economic activity in our society. On the Miami River east of Robert King The seventh d1mension chosen by Dr. Monday, March 11, 1968 High Towers (another MHA accomplish­ Gainsbrugh, government as a regulator or Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, as the ment), 600 senior citizen units and 48 family business structure and operations, I have population in America continues to grow apartments. omitted from my recapitulation. This is not A northwest structure of 166 units for the because it is unimportant, but because it ls by leaps and bounds, the need for suit­ aged and 11 family dwellings, and into this area -that, as a practicing .political able housing becomes more and more im­ The "Scott Homes," also northwest. economist I would seek to channel the efforts portant. Already, there is a shortage of of government as much as possible away from housing, in general, and of attractive and WOOD IMPRESSED the other six areas, or dimensions, and it is functional housing for the elderly and Inquiring whether Negroes want public by far the least expensive dimension of gov­ h.ousing in the downtown urban-renewal ernment. the underprivileged in particular. project, MHA discussed 147 acres in the cen­ An outstanding example of the progress .tral Negro district with spokesmen from Dimension 1. Government as a purchaser of being made in this increasingly im­ chapters of the Urban League, Congress of goods and services portant area of housing for the elderly Racial Equality, National Association for the The combined expenditures of Federal, appeared in the Christian Science Advancement of Colored People, Southern state and local governments, after eliminat­ Monitor of February 23, 1968. The Miami Christian Leadership Conference, and the ing duplications, were $1.7 billion in 1903 Economic Opportunity Program. and $208.8 billion in 1966 (7.5 percent of Housing Authority is to be commended GNP in 1903, 28.2 percent of GNP in 1966). for the imaginative and dynamic ap­ Unanimously endorsed, 100 new units will be the first urban-renewal project. "The record of government as a purchaser proach it has taken in the field of low­ Last November, Robert C. Wood, Under­ clearly reveals that for two-thirds of this rent housing. secretary of the Department of Housing and most prosperous century with its years of The article follows: Urban Development, after a countrywide war and peace and of deflation and inflation, government demand has grown more rapidly SMATHERS PLAZA: MIAMI-HOUSING FOR THE tour of new sites, said he was impressed. ELDERLY than the private sector." EXPANSION PLANNED "The actual number of full-time equiva­ (By Peg Robinson) "If you can keep up with the progress lent workers directly employed in the public Civic agencies at times pick up an unfiat­ made up to now, you will be an area in the sector, including those in the armed forces, rtering reputation for inefH.ciency. Not so the forefront," he predicted.. was about 14.6 lllillion in March 1967, 60 per­ Mia.ml (Florida) Housing Authority, known The Smathers Plaza, a major accompllsh­ cent of whom worked at the state and local worldwide for its excellence. MHA chairman ment, was a kind of swan song for the MHA, level." Martin Fine says the newly dedicated George which stepped aside Jan. 1 for Metropolitan Direct government employment in 1929 to­ A. Smathers Plaza "set a new standard for Miami-Dade County take-over, having con­ taled 3.3 m1111on: 0.8 m1111on Federal (0.53 cl­ future buildings, both public and private." structed 1,273 apartments iu four years at v1lian, 0.255 military) 2.5 state and local. Senator Smathers, speaking at dedication a cost of $14,899,633. In 1947, the comparable figures were 7.1 ceremonies Dec. 17, said "this magnificent Mr. Sofge will occupy a similar otlice under m1llion total: 3.5 Federal ( 1.9 civilian, 1.6 new f.acillty, which is complete with com­ the new aegis. m1litary) 3.6 state and local. mumty center and surrounded by an attrac­ In 1966, total 14 milUon: 5.7 Federal (2.6 tive park environment, is tangible proof that civilian, 3.1 military) 8.3 state and local (2.2 housing for the elderly can be aesthetically state, 6.1 local). pleasing as well as function'al." "In addition, estimates are available of the With the air of luxury aipartments, the two The Federal Budget After Vietnam indirect employment arising from the $67.9 structures-one six stories, one 13, plus a billion of receipts of the private sector from third, single story, for the senior day center­ government purchases in 1965. In combina­ the complex m1gh.t appear costly. It is not. HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS tion, the direct and indirect employment OF MISSOURI LOW COST NOTED arising from government totaled nearly 20 MHA executive d.irector Haley Sofge cited IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million jobs. Thus 26 out of 100 individuals $10,238 a unit, which includes sidewalks, Monday, March 11, 1968 employed in the U.S. in 1965 were at work landscaping, parking surfaces, and commu­ directly or indirectly for the government. nity center. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, the some­ Two generations ago only 5 out of every 100 This compares favorably w1.th an Atlanta, what hopeful title I have given to my employed were public servants." Ga., proJect at $13,500 and another at Nash­ remarks is not meant as an indication Dimension 2. Gover.nment as a supplier of ville, Tenn., at $12,500. that I join with those who envision a free goods and services Neighbors were apprehensive lest public social-economic millennium upon the Social welfare expenditures by all forms of buildings would lower property values, but, termination of the Vietnam conflict. To government were in relative terms equivalent fol"eCast a Miallli newspaperman, "Lt is clear the contrary, I foresee many serious to 12 percent of GNP in fiscal 1966, while in the effect will be just the opposi.te." economic issues and decisions tha·t we 1900 they were about 2.4 percent and about So ready for occupancy were the "senior 4.2 percent at the close of World War II. citizens" that 49 tenants celebrated Thanks­ will have to face, and that we should Transfer pP,yments from government rep­ giving Day there, first of the 217 who moved begin now to study and evaluate them. resented. about 8 percent of all personal in­ in before Christmas. The average monthly Recently I had the opportunity of pre­ come received by individuals in 1966 con­ rent is $31.14; average yearly tncome of resi­ paring a paper for the Tax Foundation's trasted to 2 percent in 1929. dents, $1,551. 19th Annual Tax Conference on Decem- About 25 percent of the nation's entire March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6061 health and medical b111 is met out of public construction and health research facilities. forgiven. With that comforting thought in revenues with medicare merely beginning. Until very recently stockpiling of strategic mind, I accepted your assignment today. In 1929, total government transfer pay­ materials had been regarded as a subsidy, but Discussions of post-Vietnam Federal fi­ ments were $1.5 billion and 1.7 percent of the new subsidy figures prepared by the nances are usually based on the assumption personal income. Library of Congress no longer include this that nearly $30 billion of war spending will In 1966, the total was $44.6 billion, 7.7 per­ item. These stockpiles have of late been em­ almost immediately become available for cent of personal income. ployed as an anti-inflationary device, with other purposes. The impllcation is frequently Dimension 3. Government as a revenue their actual or threatened release timed to made that we will be able to embark on a collector exercise maximum leverage on efforts by pri­ spending spree, particularly for those domes­ vate producers to raise prices, as in the case tic programs which are said to be "starved" In 1929, total government revenue was of aluminum or copper." for lack of adequate financing. $11.3 billion and 11 percent of GNP ($3.8 bil­ Martin Gainsbrugh has given us some I think it ought to be made clear at the lion Federal, $7.5 state and local). dimensions by which to measure government outset that any sharp and sudden drop in In 1944, total government revenue was extension into the market economy, but only defense expenditures at the end of Vietnam $51.2 billion and 24 percent of GNP ($41 bil­ to a limited extent has he given us the di­ hostilities is highly unlikely. If anyone really lion Federal, $10.2 state and local. mensions of the Federal government's exten­ expects defense expenditures to drop to the In 1966, total government revenue was sion vis-a-vis the state governments and the pre-Vietnam level, his perception of the world $212.3 billion and 28.7 percent of GNP ($142.5 local governments. In considering a Federal today and his reading of history are obviously billion Federal, $69.8 state and local). budget it is important to have in mind not different from mine. Dimension 4. Government as a producer and only total government vis-a-vis the private It is quite clear that the end of the war seller sector, but also the relationship between the will bring a de-escalation of defense costs re­ Government's share of the total domestic three tiers of government, Federal, state and lated to Vietnam, but I suspect that sitch tangible wealth has risen from about 7 per­ local. de-escalation will be somewhat gradual and cent in 1900 (or $88 billion in current dol­ Furthermore, it is important in considering that some of the funds spent for milltary lars) and 9 percent in 1929 (or $423 billion) the market economy to separate the two pri­ purposes will necessarily be devoted to the to an estimated 14 percent (or $2,340 billion) vate sectors into for-profit and non-profit. important ·task of economic reconstruction in 1966. Conversely the share held by the The non-profit sector of the private economy to secure the peace. private sector dropped from 93 percent in becomes increasingly important as health, In a world beset with hostility and con­ 1900 to 86 percent in 1966. education, recreation, and welfare increases in tinuing threats to American security, it also In 1958, of the total $215 billion held by importance in the society. Government in the seems likely that other defense-related costs all governments, state and local governments U.S.A. has increased in size at the expense of will rise and absorb at least part of Vietnam held $165 billlon and the Federal govern· both the for-profit and the non-profit private savings. The growing nuclear power of Com­ ment, $50 b1llion. sectors. It would be valuable to know to what munist China and the likelihood that she However, in 1900 the Federal government's extent it is so for each. Furthermore, it would will develop a delivery capability in the near assets equalled its obllgations. By 1958 the be valuable to know whether the ratio be­ future has already led to a decision to con­ tween the two segments of the private sector struct a "thin" anti-ballistic missile defense Federal government's debt had grown to be system. If a decision ls made to proceed with 8 percent greater than its assets. have changed materially in recent years. However, data of this nature is hard to a complete system, which is at least possible, In contrast, in 1900 the net worth of state the costs will run to $40 billion and very and local governments (assets over their come by. For example, I have seen figures ranging from $14 billion to $17 billion as the likely more. obllgations) had increased from 3 percent The Middle Eastern crisis this summer and to 6 percent of their obligations. amount of money that the private for-profit sector of our society spends annually on the recent threat of war between Greece and Dimension 5. Government as money lender training and retraining. Both figures are real­ Turkey over Cyprus demonstrate again the and guarantor ly guesstimates, not truly estimates. It is also kind of world we live in. However much we Total outstanding Federal loans were: difficult to find what is spent on education in may want to avoid another commitment of 1929, $10 billion ($2.2 guaranteed and in­ the non-profit sector, although not quite as American military power, we simply cannot surance loans; $7.8 direct); 1953, $25.9 bil­ difficult. Health figures are even harder to count on our ab111ty or our willingness to lion ($15.8 guaranteed and insurance loans; oome by, and welfare figures are by far the stand aloof from conflicts which threaten to $10.1 direct); 1966, Est. $136.3 billion ($98.2 most speculative. upset world peace and stability. Certainly we guaranteed and insurance loans; $38.1 di­ Getting back to relationships of Federal, must be prepared for any eventuality. rect). state and local government--Table 5 (Fed­ Finally, another source of growing defense expenditures arises from the rapid obso­ MORTGAGE DEBT OUTSTANDING AT YEAR ENO eral, State and Local Expenditures 1902- 1966) in the Tax Foundation's 1967 Facts lescence of current m111tary technology. For [Dollar amounts in billions) and Figures on Government Ftnance is quite years the DEW Line served as our early­ informative. warning system against Soviet attack. Ad­ vances in technology have made the DEW Financed or under­ 1934 marks the first peacetime year that written by Federal Line obsolete and forced the development of Federal expenditures exceeded local gov­ more sophisticated and expensive systems of Total, credit agencies, total Privately ernmental expenditures, and 1941 represents all holders percent of all financed defense. I think there can be no reasonable mortgages the first peacetime year that Federal expen­ doubt that this trend will continue into the ditures exceeded the combination of state and future and put upward pressure on defense Amount Percent local governmental expenditures. Since then, costs. the Federal government has continued to 1939 ______out.strip both state and local governments. The only reason I have gone into this is to $35. 5 $6.8 19. 0 $28. 7 fl.ash a caution signal for those who have al­ 1950 ______72. 8 24.9 34. 2 47. 9 Since the end of World War II, Federal ex­ 1966 ______366. 0 99. 8 27. 3 266. 2 penditures have declined from a 2 to 1 ratio ready allotted Vietnam savings to their fa­ in respect to the combination of state and vorite domestic programs. I am very much local expenditures to slightly below a 7 to 5 afraid that such savings will be much less Dimension 6: Government subsidy and quast­ than we now anticipate. In addition, we can­ subsidy ratio. Incidentally state expenditures vis-a­ vis local government rose from a 1 to 5 ratio not overlook the fact that we are starting "Federal subsidies have been estimated by in 1902 to a 1 to 1 ratio in 1950 where they from a budget deficit of $20 to $30 b1llion or the Legislative Reference Service of the Li­ have remained up to the present with just a more. Even if Vietnam costs were to disappear brary of Congress to total about $8 billion slight adjustment giving a small margin in overnight, the budget would--at long last-­ annually in recent years. The cumulative favor of local over state. be in reasonable balance with no large sur­ pluses to spare. outlays for such purposes since 1950 are now Since 1950, all three sectors of government about $85 b1llion and this sum does not in­ have increased by over 200 percent. Federal I think the only reasonable assumption clude veterans programs, foreign aid and expenditures rose from $44.8 billion to $137.8 that can be made at this time is that the some of the other major expenditures that bill1on in 1966, an increase of $93 bill1on. end of the Vietnam War would result in some might well be embraced in a broader defini­ State expenditures grew from $12.77 billion reduction of defense expenditures over a tion of subsidy. in 1950 to $38.2 billlon in 1966, an increase period of a year or two, but probably sig­ "Over half of all subsidies over this period of $25.4 billion. Local expenditures increased nificantly less than the full amount now has been extended to agriculture in connec­ from $12.76 billion in 1950 to $43.5 billlon being spent on the war. At the same time, tion with carrying costs and losses involved in 1966, an increase of $30. 7 billion. a reasonable rate of increase in the gross in price supports, agricultural surplus dis­ national product would yield an additional posal abroad and soil-bank acreage restric­ II. FEDERAL FINANCES AFI'ER VIETNAM $10 to $20 billion in administrative budget tions. Business 13Ubsldies largely in the form If the events of the recent past have made receipts at present tax rates. of postal deficits and shipping and aviation anything clear, it is the enormous difficulty Taking somewhat lower defense expendi­ subsidies have comprised about a fifth of all of forecasting Federal government revenues tures and higher revenues into account, we Federal subsidies. Subsidies to labor, largely and expenditures in even one fiscal year. then have to choose between various policy for unemployment trust fund adm1n1stra­ Long-term forecasts obviously are even more alternatives such as tax reduction, increased tion, have in turn totaled about $6.5 billion hazardous. Perhaps the only saving grace outlays for essential services, additional aid or more than 7.5 percent of all subsidies. is that long-term forecasts, however inac­ to state and local governments, or debt re­ Other such aid has been directed toward curate they ultimately prove to be, are usual­ duction. These are the alternatives that the home owners and tenants, private hospital ly forgotten and, if not forgotten, at least fl.seal policy debate will revolve around after 6062 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 Vietnam. What alternative or combination unparalleled in our nation's history. The stand the difficulties involved in determin­ of alternatives should we choose? Let me question is not what the ra-tio was in 1946, ing whether expenditures are current or cap­ indicate some of my own preferences and, but what it should be today. From 1870 to ital, but I think it is imperative that our in the process, at least suggest some guide­ 1940, the ratio of debt to GNP in peacetime Federal cost accounting reveal to the extent lines which I believe should be followed in never rose above 20 percent. possible the useful life of goods procured. At making that choice. There is little reason for rejoicing at a present there are no such procedures. Ill. GUIDELINES FOR FISCAL CHOICE reduction of this ratio (which took over 20 There are many reasons for having this in­ High on my list of priorities would be a years from its swollen postwar peak to a level formation. One in particular is in deter­ reduction in the budget deficit and the prob­ more than double that which historically mining how the expenditure for the item is prevailed in the periods when the United to be financed. For example, should the Fed­ lems of managing our public debt. It used to States was growing most rapidly. The be said that deficits didn't really matter, but eral highway program have been financed out even the "new economists" now realize that present level of the Federal debt gave us of current general revenues, out of revenue the problems of debt management matter little flexibility to cope with possible future bonds, or as it is out of earmarked taxes go­ very much indeed. Not only may they ham­ wars or economic crises which could require ing into a trust fund over a period of 15 string monetary policy and create an infla­ extensive deficit financing, as the "new econ­ years? If the useful life of the highways omists" are now finding out. Interest rates could be considered to be thirty years instead tionary potential in the economy, but if the have soared to their highest levels since the deficits are too high, they put intense pres­ of 15, then :financing the capital asset Civil War as a result of a war which the through taxing the users could have been sures on financial markets and contribute to Administration boasts is not even a "large the high interest rates which the "new stretched out longer than the 15 years. war," and is costing less in percentage of Debt is a very useful tool for :financing economist s" rightly deplore. GNP than any previous war. Nor can this be Anyone who questions the economic a capital asset and spreading its charge soundness of debt financing is likely to face defended as intentional inasmuch as the more equitably over the total usage. Debt present Administration gives great lip serv­ ls a useful tool for financing emergency cur­ the accusation that he thinks that debt is ice to the importance of maintaining low inherently evil. But this accusation is just rent expenditures out of future income. Yet a straw man designed to disguise the real interest rates to attain social justice for using debt to finance emergency and nec­ the lower income groups and economic essary current expenses, such as for a war issues. No one really thinks that debt is evil growth for us all. per se. But debt is an economic tool, like fire. to preserve wealth, requires paying back It can be beneficial if properly used and In addition, two-thirds of the decrease in that debt in an orderly fashion out of the destructive if misused. Every businessman the burden of the debt (as measured by the future general revenues because this cur­ knows that debt can be wealth-creating, debt-GNP ratio) is due to the serious de­ rent expenditure for defense, though essen­ neutral, or wealth-destroying, depending on preciation of the dollar's value since 1946. tial, creates no wealth to tax as does the how the funds acquired by debt are spent. This is one way to reduce the burden of the capital expenditure for highways. debt, because, through inflation, the govern­ Likewise expenditures for retirement It is pointless to talk about debt in the ment can relate its fixed obligations to dol­ abstract without any consideration of the benefits are not in themselves wealth-creat­ spending to be made through debt financing. lars that are now worth less. It is, however, a ing and therefore must be identified as The real question for government i&--are the very economically, costly, and soctally inequi­ current rather than capital expenditures. funds borrowed from the public going to be table way to reduce the debt burden. This bears on the determination of whether used for permanent additions to the nation's Another way to make a judgment on the these expenditures should be financed out wealth, including both its human and its proper size of the Federal debt is to relate it of current general revenues, with debt, with physical capital, or for current but necessary to the physical wealth of the Federal gov­ a user tax trust fund concept, as the Fed­ outlays such as defense, protection of the ernment which backs up the debt. We can eral highway program, or some other con­ wealth we have, or for temporary schemes to get some real insights into this ratio by cept? The social security system is financed stimulate aggregate demand, which remove comparing the Federal government's net under a concept totally new to our other discipline in spending money wisely. This worth with the net worth of state and local systems. It is a pay-as-you-go system with I deplore under any circumstances. Holding governments and of the private sector (both a small trust fund set up to guard against back legitimate government purchases of corporate and household sectors). In an ar­ short run contingencies, :financed by an ear­ goods and services to wait more favorable ticle appearing in the Morgan Guaranty Sur­ marked tax which gives some appearance of markets is another matter, that is just good vey (August 1966), Dr. John W. Kendrick being a "user tax," but upon analysis ls procurement practice and should provide all pointed out that in 1900 the Federal govern­ not. It actually depends upon political as­ the flexibility needed for the Federal govern­ ment's assets equalled its obligations. By sumptions, namely that Congresses of the ment to assist in smoothing out the economic 1958, the Federal government's debt had future will vote the taxes to pay the bene­ cycles by increasing its purchases during eco­ grown to be 8 percent greater than its assets. fits for the present taxpayers when they nomic downturn and holding back during A favorite contention of the "new econ­ qualify for benefits under the law if it is periods of economic upturns. "This kind of omists" is that the level of the Federal debt still in existence when they reach the age spending policy does not remove the disci­ is not too high because the Federal debt has of 65. plines needed to be certain that the dollar is grown much more slowly since 1946 than the It ls difficult to project Federal budgets spent efficiently. In other words, spending debt of state and local governments and the into the future without having cost ac­ for spending's sake alone is to be eschewed. private sector. The statistical part of the counting which reveals the current or capi­ In deciding whether or not to use the tool argument is accurate, but it tells only part tal nature of the expenditure, unless all of debt financing, we must also consider the of the story. By choosing 1946 as a base year, Federal governmental expenditures are to level of the Federal debt. If the debt is al­ the "new economists" have once again pre­ be treated as current. ready too high in relation to economic ac­ judged the argument in their favor. During While on thiis point, it is important to tivity and the wealth of the saciety, which World War II, while Federal debt was bur­ note that local governmental expenditures it presently is, we should then be very reluc­ geoning, state and local governments actually are rather clearly separated into current tant to use debt other than to finance emer­ reduced their debt because shortages of la­ and capital expenditures inasmuch as most gencies and avoid other projects, no matter bor and materials made new building im­ capital iteinS are financed through bonds how worthwhile. Even financing an emer­ t)ossible for the duration. Similarly, private against general or special revenues. Further­ gency, such as war, requires that the proper debt grew only slightly because of these same more, local governmental expenditures re­ debt ratio be sought as soon as possible after shortages. A large part of the percentage late quite closely to preserving and enhanc­ the emergency is over. For the next ten years, increase in state and local debt and private ing the wealth which serves as the base of one of our budgeting objectives should be to debt since 1946 must be attributed to the the tax so in some respect expenditures for get the Federal debt down below 20 percent backlog of demand for construction projects maintaining schools, streets, fire and police of GNP. and consumer goods which could not be ob­ protection all preserve and enhance the What should be the proper size of the tained during the war. value of the real estate which lies at the Federal debt? This question cannot be an­ The argument is also fallacious because it base of the tax. leaves out any mention of the net worth of swered in a vacuum, but must be related to Next priority tax rate reduction the amount of wealth and economic activity the non-Federal sectors of the economy. From in the society. 1900 to 1958, the same period studied by Dr. In addition to reducing the budget deficit, The "new economists" seek to avoid the Kendrick, the net worth of state and local I would place a high priority on tax rate real issue by citing the fact that the Federal governments (assets over their obligations) reduction. F'ederal income tax rates, even debt was 124 percent of GNP in 1946 and increased from 3 percent to 6 percent of their after the 1964 cuts, are still beyond the point was only 45 percent of GNP in 1966, and then obligations. The surplus of asset holdings of diminishing returns and still causing concluding that we are in a healthy fiscal over debt obligations for state and local judgments to be reached for tax reasons situation. They imply that the economy can governments increased not only absolutely rather than economic reasons. support a much higher debt at the present put as a percentage of total obligations. An In other words, high tax rates still im­ time, due to the increase in GNP since 1946. even more striking picture holds true in pede the full development of the present The fallacy in the theory of the "new econo­ the private sector. Federal tax base (economic activity) and also mists" lies in the selection of the year 1946 I was disappointed that the Commission stunt the growth of the ultimate base upon as a benchmark. Is 1946 the year from which on Budget Concepts appointed by President which this base of economic activity itself our progress (if any) in debt reduction is Johnson to study and recommend reforinS in relies, namely wealth. The tax take is, th~re­ to be measured? The United States, of neces­ the Federal budget advised against the estab­ fore, less than it would be if the rates w:ere sity, financed Wo:rld War II heavily_ by debt lishment <;>f a capital budget. I fully under- lower and applied to a larger base. We could March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6063 today embark upon a 20-year p.rogram of re­ liapoleonic wars and those wars leading up itures of governmental services, we are ducing Federal income tax rates every two to the present one. going to have some impact on the economy. years and continue to incre~e our Federal This factor becomes of basic importance in We seek to keep that impact at a minimum. revenues. discussing Federal bu9.gets of the future. We prefer not to tax low incomes, we prefer The best tax system is that which en:.. Government spending, Federal, state and to tax high incomes, not so much for equity courages individuals and businessmen to in­ local, must be related to governmental pur­ as efficiency in getting the money with the crease their incomes and profits. I think there poses-supplying the needs of the people for least economic impact. We prefer to tax is no doubt that our tax system today is heav­ those goods and services which it is deemed wealth, not the process of creating the ily weighed against such incentives. to be most· efficient to provide through the wealth. We do not tax money spent for de­ In emphasizing both a reduction in taxes mechanisms of government. The govern­ sirable social purposes. Equity in tax law and in the government's budget deficit, I mental purposes must be translated into :i;eally relates to efficiency in collecting taxes. don't want to leave the impression that there purchases of goods and services in order to Taxpayers in the U.S. pay voluntarily-I will not be justifiable increases in public achieve broad objectives or goals. To insure think the psychology of making criminal expenditures. Obviously, in a complex and prosperity, to end poverty, to insure domestic penalties on tax evaders is not so much the growing society, gross public spending will tranquility, to provide for the national de­ threat to the evader as it is reassurance to increase over time, although not necessarily fense, and to promote the general welfare are the payer that all are in the same boat and per capita public spending. The real ques­ goals. Only by developing specific programs no one is favored. tions are how fast spending is increasing and can we fulfill these goals. This means spend­ This is the theory of the tax neutralists. what the public funds are being spent for. ing for a purpose--a purpose that can and This is the classical tax theory in America. In theory, as a society grows in wealth and should be disciplined by modern cost ac­ There is a new school of tax writers who are standard of living, increased choice between counting and by cost-benefit ratios. When not neutralists. Because the power of taxa­ goods and between services--discretionary the private sector can provide the goods or tion to produce economic efforts and to ren­ purchasing power-becomes of greater im­ services needed, the government should pro­ der economic decisions is so great, and I portance. Indeed, it becomes a valuable sta­ vide them only in the event of other over­ might add, so subtle, these theorists advo­ tistic in determining how the society is grow­ riding social reasons. cate an old system as if it were new, to mulct ing in inftuence. Discretionary purchasing One source of confusion that needs to be rather than to tax. They seek to write · tax power has two ingredients. 1. The purchasing cleared up is the difference between the im­ laws to deliberately produce economic deci­ power itself which can be, based upon choice, pact of the aggregate level of Federal spend­ sions-their decisions-to channel expendi­ a consumer dollar or an investment dollar. ing and particular types of Federal expendi­ tures into certain areas supplanting the pri­ 2. The increased variety of goods and services tures. Some types of Federal expenditures are vate decision-making process with the polit­ on the market from which to make the selec­ capital expenditures and do add to our pro­ ical process. tion if the person decides it shall be a con­ ductive capacity and the nation's stock of In our Federal income tax laws, we have sumer dollar. wealth, both physical and human. It should always given a deduction for donations to Reading between the lines, one can see be clear that when the productive resources charitable and educational institutions. that as variety of goods and services increase of our economy are fully employed, govern­ These new tax theorists say thereoy the gov­ the percentage of the market once held by ment spending for current consumptions or ernment subsidizes these institutions. I say the purveyors of traditional lines of goods even for capital purposes takes resources that we give the deductions not to subsidize, but and services declines to make way for the otherwise might be used to increase our ca­ rather on the theory that we do not wish to new goods and services. Indeed, the old line pacity to produce. tax this area. As a matter of policy, set by law may even be phased out completely, like the Those economists and policy-makers who in expenditure policy, we prefer to obtain horse and buggy, if the new line meets the have emphasized the aggregate impact of the money to run the government from other needs of the people better. Federal spending on economic activity have areas. This is money being spent for social Government goods and services, Federal, tended to erode the fl.seal discipline upon purposes which, if it were not so spent, is state and local, are no different from products what a sound expenditure policy must rest. requiring or well might require the govern­ of agriculture, steel, power, chemical, etc., The aggregate economists have said, in effect, ment to spend it directly. or services of transportation, communica­ that we must have spending for spending's So a tax credit to individuals who spend tions, insurance, health or law, etc. As vari­ sake, in order to stir up economic activity money on education or businesses which ety increases their percentage of the con­ when aggregate demand is insufficient. This spend for training, both of which I advocate, sumer dollar will decline. Of course, popula­ philosophy undermines a sound and wealth­ is entirely consistent with American classi­ tion increase may still provide a quantity creating expenditure policy. cal tax theory. If the private sector dqes not increase in the demand of the goods and If the purpose of Federal spending is to spend the money for these purposes, then services. Furthermore, as productivity in­ equate demand to the economy's capacity, the people through their government would creases occur, the number of people necessary then what does it matter what you spend the probably do so as a last resort--although I to provide the particular goods or services money for, so long as it is spent? In my view, submit, much more inefficiently. declines. Today 6 percent of the people pro­ expenditure policy must relate to what the Much has also been said recently about duce the food and fiber· for themselves and money is spent for. If Federal outlays are for the proper fl.seal relationship between state the other 94 percent. At the beginning of investment purposes, they must increase and local governments, and the Federal gov­ our Republic 94 percent of the people pro­ wealth and earnings. If they are for current ernment. I disagree with those who believe duced food and fiber for themselves and the expenditures, they should not exceed present that the Federal government, either through other 6 percent of the society. revenues, except in periods of identifiable revenue sharing or some form of block grants, The points I am leading up to are these. emergencies, and the length of those periods can provide swift and flexible remedies to There is no reason to assume that as our must be related to the basic wealth already state and local fl.seal problems. society becomes more affluent ... and com­ in being. Military expenditures are designed In my view, revenue sharing and block plex in the process, that government goods to protect the wealth and the institutions of grants are undesirable since they must in­ and services should assume a greater or even society today. But these expenditures are evitably involve some Federal control no the same percentage of the purchasing dol­ non-wealth creating in themselves, and matter how much people like myself wm en­ lar they have had. Quite the contrary, if should therefore be ellminated whenever deavor to minimize it-Congressional respon­ productivity increases are coming about in possible and certainly supplemented as soon sibility to the taxpayers it affects could not the providing of government goods and as possible by future wealth-creating ex­ allow otherwise. The political pain of impos­ services ... and these productivity increases penditures. ing taxes must always be tied to the pleasure should be coming about ... then fewer peo­ We should always remember that direct of spending tax money if expenditure disci­ ple should be providing the increased amount Federal expenditure., are not the only way pline is to be maintained to insure that pro­ of goods and services, including an increased to meet public problenis. In fact, at present grams are carefully designed and adminis­ variety. And the total costs of these govern­ many ineffective and inefficient Federal pro­ tered. mental goods and services should be a lower grams address themselves directly to such I also want tax collection for efficiency's percentage of GNP or of purchasing power problems as education, training, and retrain­ sake to be close to the agency of government than before. ing, and air and water pollution. Much di­ that is going to spend the money so that If 6 percent of the people can provide the rect and effective private sector aid could be there is a minimum of cost in transferring agricultural needs of our society when for­ channeled into these and other areas merely the money from the agency that collects it merly it took 94 percent ... because of pro­ by providing tax credits against Federal in­ to the agency that spends it. Also a close­ ductivity increases and increased variety of come taxes. ness between the people who raise the reve­ goods and services available ... then on the Let me state the case for this most needed nue and those who spend it imposes a disci­ same logic a much smaller percent of our reform in Federal tax policy. This reform pline on the spending agencies since they people can provide military defense to our is in accordance with, indeed is really re­ have a better understanding of the cost of society and do it by taking a lower percent stating, American classic tax theory, namely, spending. of our GNP. that we do not tax money which is beinft Another reason I oppose revenue-sharing Indeed, technological advancement in mili­ spent for a social purpose which, if it were and block grants is because I believe the tary science has advanced rapidly, and it is not being spent privately, would require gov­ state and local governments can and must quite clear that percentagewise !ewer people ernment expenditures. Putting it aIµ>the.r take better use of their own revenue sources. are required to be in uniform even during way, we know that when we extract money The Tax Foundation is familiar with my a war to defend the country than in the from the prtva~ sector to pay for the expend- views on the property tax and how well it has CX:iV--382-Part 5 6064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 responded since World War II to meet local has finally been updated by the Bureau of their effects, and the growing regulation of fiscal needs. In my view, the property tax is the Budget, establishes the guidelines for business by government. But I think enough not overburdened but in many localities, par­ determining what government should pro­ has been suggested to indicate the dimen­ ticularly those states and local governments duce for itself and that which it should pro­ sions of the threat which exists to our private which cry "poor mouth" the loudest, it is cure outside the government. Unfortunately economic system. I can think of no more poorly structured and in some scandalously this Bulletin is little known and discussed meaningful subject for study by the Tax and inequitably enforced, if enforced. at all. by economists, accountants and political Foundation and the Joint Economic Com­ It does need to be modernized in most com­ scientists. Here in many respects is the heart mittee than that of the optimum size of munities, and there fortunately are states of the question of what our Federal budgets government in relation to the private sector and localities which provide the prototype, if of the future are going to be like. and the threat to our system posed by the we wm only start doing our homework to· Just as there is an A76 to attempt to draw growing economic power of government. identify them. a rational line between the goods and services These, then, are some of the vital guide­ The property tax, a tax on wealth, not eco­ to be provided by the Federal Government lines which I believe we should steer by in nomic activity I must stress, needs more un­ vis-a-vis the private sector, so there should the coming decade. I wish I could confidently derstanding and certainly a lot of updating be the counterpart of A 76 to draw a rational report· that the debate on our future fiscal if we are to enjoy its maximum advantages. line between that which should be provided policy is proceeding constructively and free The property tax is dependent upcn sound by local or state government vis-a-vis the of the mythology of the "new economics." and equitable assessment policies which, in Federal government. What concerns me most is that many of the turn, depend upon sound zoning laws and up­ Furthermore, A76 only gives us insight into right questions are not yet even being asked. to-date building codes equitably 'and vigor­ the goods and services provided by the for­ The only hopeful sign I see is the growing ously enforced. It requires an understanding profit private sector vis-a-vis government. awareness that government is not necessarily that idle land-raw land-should be taxed a There should be an A 76 to establish the the only or the most effective instrument to homewhat higher rate than improvement on guidelines to determine when the non-profit meet social needs. The increasing interest in the land, so that there will be an encourage­ sector of the private sector should be pro­ mobllizing the talents~ capital, and energies merit to put land to its most productive use. viding the goods or services vis-a-visa both of the private sector to meet public needs is The property tax is the one tax of all the taxes government and the for-profit sector. encouraging but requires constant emphasis available to governments that is antihoard­ _I must admit to a bias against the non­ and attention. I hope that the Tax Founda­ ing, the incentive of the imposition of the profit sector ... to a degree. My definition tion will make this-and some of the other tax being to make the asset productive so of a non-profit organiza.tion is one with a subjects which I have discussed today-an that the earnings are available to pay the tax poor accounting aystem. Capital, whether important part of the, program of study and to preserve the net worth of the asset, and used by government; non-profit or profit or­ public education in the years ahead. hoarding, I submit, is a basic sin to a pro­ ganization, is a reality. It must be procured ductive economy. like anything else in the market. If the cap­ Not only should land be taxed at a some­ ital is to exist, people must save and to save what higher value than improvements, but they ,must have some incentive ... and land should also be assessed and taxed with once having saved there must be a further Census Reform Support Growing major consideration given to the location of incentive to have them invest ... spend the the land-its "site value." These tax proce­ savings for creating new wealth, in the form dures can readily and effectively be coordi­ of factories, machinery, trained manpower HON. JACKSON E. BETTS nated with zoning laws, local policy, and the OF OHIO work of the city planner. and management. This brings me to my final, and perhaps­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I also advocate a payment to state and most important, point. How large should local governments of Emms in lieu of real government be in relation to the private Monday, March 11, 1968 property taxes on Federal property and im­ economy? At what point does the growth of Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, the need for provements located within a local jurisdic­ government weaken the private economic tion. This tax reform is only 'basic equity in­ structure upon which government itself a limitation on compulsory census ques­ asmuch as the Federal agency derives the depends for its revenues? There are not tions, provided for in my bill, H.R. 10952, same benefits as other property holders from yet any definitive studies on the subject, but is endorsed day after day by the news­ schools, streets, sewers, fire and police pro­ my suspicion is that we are rapidly reaching papers of this country. Letters from hun­ tection, et cetera, and it would, in an im­ this point in the United States. dreds of citizens refieot the same strong mediate and obvious sense, provide addi­ Dr. Gainsbrugh of the National Industrial belief that personal privacy must be pro­ tional revenue for the state and local gov­ Conference Board, as I have said, testified tected by eliminating many prying in­ ernment. This tax change would also serve to earlier this year on this subject. He pointed quiries or providing that most questions impose a greater degree Of discipline on the out that "the long-run secular trend indi­ Federal government in its acquisition and cates government absorbing an even larger may be answered voluntarily. I am de­ retention of land for Federal purposes be­ share of national output, thereby expanding lighted that so many Americans share cause of its conformance with up-to-date its influence not only as to what shall be pro­ my concern and are appealing for con­ cost accounting. . duced but also where and by whom." gressional aotion. The property tax should be the major fiscal Some of the figures are startling. Govern­ It is not necessary for me to belabor tool of the local governments, bu.t there is ment-Federal, state and local-took less the issues concerning the press in calling room for the implementation' of other useful than 11 percent of the nation's current out~ for census reform. I commend the follow­ fiscal measures. Among the ·most promising put as recently as 1947, but by last year, the fiscal techniques in terms of revenue poten­ figure had nearly doubled. The employment ing editorials to my colleagues, Mr. tial and also tax equalization are the looal picture shows the same trend. In 1965, 26 Speaker, as they persuasively demon­ payroll and the local income tax. · percent Of all individuals employed were strate why 1968 must be the year to pro­ Local income taxes and payroll taxes as­ working directly or indirectly for govern­ tect personal privacy by adopting census sume a greater measure of desirability, first ment. Two generations ago, the figure w~ reform legislation. of all because they allow a shift in fiscal em­ only 5 percent. The editorials follow: phasis from the Federal government to the As you might expect, the growth of govern­ local government. By lessening Federal pay­ ment has been accomplished by a considera­ [From the Wilmington (N.C.), Sunday Star­ roll and income taxes in favor of local pay­ ble step-up in the rates of taxation. The pub­ News, Feb.18, 1968) roll and inpome taxes, we spend our revenue lic sector today collects the equivalent of Is PRIVACY SACRED? directly from those people paying the taxes about 29 percent of our national output com­ Should a person be liable for a fine and to those spending the tax revenue. This pared to 17 percent ~arly 30 years ago. Fed­ jail term for refusing to answer a Census shortening Of the distance traveled by the eral receipts alone are now greater than the question about his plumbing? revenue dollar will result in a cutting of ad­ nation's total annual output as recently as Is one's Constitutional right to privacy ministrative costs. Secondly, greater local 1941. violated if the Bureau of the Census com­ spen~ing of increased local revenues means one of tlle most striking and important pels him to answer whether he owns an air more of our spending will be subjected to the discoveries in the Galnsbrugh study was the. conditioner, how many w·eeks he worked the "discipline of closeness"-the discipline movement of government into areas of ac­ previous year, and how many·times he's been which emerges when :People spending the dol­ tivity previously reserved for tax-paying married? lars must also directly raise the tax revenue. enterprises. The government's shai:e of do­ Several Congressmen think so. They object Toward this end, I would' ~evelop the urban mestic tangible wealth has increased from to the 50-question, 20-page questionnaire payroll and income taxes and provide that about 7 percent 1n 1900 to 9 pe:i;cent· ln 1929,_ which the Bureau of the Census plans to mall the urban income and payroll taxes levied be to an estimat~d 14 percent in 1966. ·Perhaps to one:..fou'rth of the U.S. households in 1970. deductible from Federal obligations. the classic illustration of government in­ Failure to answer all questions can result in In aeveloping an intelllgent.Federai' budg­ truding into industries previously financ.ed _ a $100 fine and 60 days irr Jail. et, it becomes of paramount importance to and owned priya~ly ls the electric . power Congressman Jackson Betts of Ohio who 0 de~rmine wha:t s-ervices and good~ ~he gov­ industry. doesn't like it, has introduced legislation to ernment must provide in-house and what There is more ~ thdt could be mentioned "if limit the questions in the Census of Popula­ through the pnvate sector. t. · ' · time permitted-government~ money lender tion and Housing 'that can be asked under­ It is noteworthy that Bulletin A76, which and guarantor, government subsidies and penalty of fine and imprisonment: "I feel March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6065 it is outrageous that the citizens should be If you refuse ·to answer questions on the tional requirements for congressional dis­ threatened with imprisonment for failure to form you can be arrested, fined $100 and tricting. comply," he told Congress. ' be put in jail for 60 days. Says Mr. Betts: "These questions would be A majority of independent businessmen The original intention of the census was mandatory and any other question would feel the same way. A poll conducted by the to take a count of the people of the states have to be listed on a separate form marked National Federation of Independent Business so that the House of Representatives could plainly as voluntary and could contain such found 83 per cent of the business proprietors be reapportioned. It has since become that sociological and household research items as in favor of Congressman Betts' legislation, and a lot more. You may be asked anything government, business, or academics desired." with only 13 per cent opposed, and 4 per now from whether you share a shower to As it stands now Americans will be threat­ cent undecided. how many days you worked last year and ened with a 60-day jail sentence or $100 fine In North Carolina, 81 per cent are in favor, how many times you've been married. for not responding to questions having noth­ 13 per cent opposed, and six per cent un­ The feeling that it's none of the govern­ ing to do with essential facts about popula­ decided. ment's business is beginning to grow. Sev­ tion. We ag~ee with Representative Betts The nation's independent businessmen, eral congressmen are trying to rally support that Congress should act before the 1970 who frequently complain about the increas­ for legislation to restrict what the census census to prevent harassment of people liv­ ing paperwork required of them by the gov­ taker is permitted to ask you. A poll con­ ing in the United States by questions which ernment and the continual invasion of pri­ ducted by an organization of independent are nobody's business but their own. vacy, are obviously receptive to the argu­ businessmen found 83 percent of its mem­ ments put forth by Congressman Betts on bers in favor of this kind of legislation. In [From the San Rafael (Calif.) Independent the Census questionnaire. Connecticut the figure was 80 percent. Sig­ Journal, Feb.12; 1968] He points out that if a citizen wishes to nificantly, a lot of information collected by WHAT Is LEFT OF FREEDOM WITH NATIONAL assert his right of privacy, by refusing to the census amounts to free market research ·answer Census questions, he may be sub­ for industry. Even businessmen, as the poll DATA BANK? ject to prosecution like a criminal. The would indicate, are opposed to this. "The more than 120 bits .of information penalties were provided years ago to promote A b111 prepared by U.S. Rep. Jackson Betts which our citizens could be required to give compliance and accuracy, but since then, the of Ohio would limit the categories of census the Census Bureau in 1970 may seem harm­ questionnaire has been expanded to include questions a person must answer to essential less in themselves. If each answer were sep­ questions of housing, unemployment, and ones: name and address, relationship to the arated from the respondent's name and the personal history. head of the household, sex, date of birth, files confidentially maintained in Census Congressman Betts, calling the proposed race, marital status, and number of visitors Bureau, perhaps personal privacy would not questionnaire, "a monstrosity," says the form in the household at the time of the census. be threatened l:)y this extensive citizen in­ has deviated from its original Constitutional The Bureau of the Census defends its tervogation by our government. Even today, purpose, which is to determine the popula­ nosiness by saying restrictions "would de­ however, this is not the case with the sale tion of the states so that the House of value the significance and importance of the and sharing of so much population and Representatives can be apportioned. Con­ national census at a time when its results housing data by the Census Bureau. Tomor­ gress has failed to assert some control over are more critically ' needed than ever before." row, a national data bank will be the center the Census and protect the right of privacy, Significant to whom? Important to whom? for consolidated personal factsheets on every he says. · Critical by whose standards? Will someone American and present protections of pri­ "Does the government need to know if a explain? vacy may be thrown to the winds." person has an air conditioner, the cond·ition The speaker was Rep. Jackson E. Betts, .of his plumbing and if he shares his [From the Toledo {Ohio) Times, R-Ohio, in behalf of his resolution to reduce shower?" he asked in appealing for Congres­ Feb. 19, 1968] to seven the number of 1970 census ques­ sional action. "I don't really think so." CENSUS SNOOPING tions every American head of a family would be required to answer. "These are questions that simply require The U.S. Constitution provides that a the taxpayers to oonduct market research for . Rep. Jerome R. Waldie, D-California 14th census of the population shall be taken every District, would go farther. He would make private industry." 10 years for the purpose of determining the His bill would limit the categories of no question compulsory. apportionment of the House of Representa­ What concerns these two and other con­ questions which a peraori must answer under tives. The Census Bureau ts attempting to penalty of law to a few essential ones: name convert this simple head count into a nation­ gressmen is a long list of questions proposed and address, relationship to the head of the wide snooping operation into the personal by the Census Bureau, with a provision that household, sex, date of birth, race, marital affairs of the people of this country. refusal to answer could result in a federal status, and number of visitors in the house­ prison term. The matter is now in the hands For example~ the bureau proposes to ask of a House committee. · hold at the time of the census. people if they have been married more than Any other questions would be asked on a once and what was the date of their first The growing snoopery of the census is in­ voluntary response basis. marriage. In what way do these questions teresting. The Bureau of the Census haS answered contribute to determining congressional ap­ The first federal census, in 1790, asked criticism by saying the restriction "would portionment? If a congressional district has only for name of head of family, address, devalue the significance and importance of 10,000 persons who have been married twice, number of free white males of 16 years and the national Census at a tinle when its re­ three, or nine times, how does this alter the up, free white males ·under 16, free white sults are more critically needed than ever membership of the House? After all, a man females, all other free persons, and number before." ' does not get one vote for having one wife of slaves. · Congressman Betts contends that the pro­ and two votes for having had two marriages. The list of questions gradually lengthened posed form is so long and complex that many Another proposed question, rather imper­ until it totaled 45 in the 1890 census-the persons will be overwhelmed by it and others tinent we think, is, "Do you share a shower?" 10th. At that point, somebody apparently will object to "its detailed trivia." He ex­ Or try this question for absolute insanity, called a halt, for it was down to 21 in the pressed the possibility th.8.t "the nuisance of "Hew do you enter your home?" 1900 census and 20 a decade later. Then it it all may in fact decrease accuracy." began creeping up again, totaling 31 on the Putting the few essential questions on a The amount of rent payments, the value of your property, and many questions con­ latest census, in 1960. computer punch card would better promote However, in 1960 something new was accuracy, he suggested. cerning your home equipment and appliances are to be asked in the 1970 census in a na­ added: a census of housing. This was a Congress has put up little resistance to the "sample" census. A designated number of infringement of privacy, he said, because in­ tion which once maintained that a man's home is his castle. The census takers also are householders in ea.ch census tract was asked formation did not circulate so widely. a long list of questions, including: "Is there But now, there is a proposal for a Federal interested in knowing if you have a radio, a television, a telephone, a clothes drier, a a bathtu:b or shower?" and if so, "Is it shared Data Bank, a computer system.which would with another household?" Check which fuel combine information from various govern­ home food freezer. What purpose, and more important, what used for heating, cooking, heating water. ment agencies to develop a complete dossier How many televisions, radios? Is there a of information on an individual. business ts it of the Federal Government's to ask if you own a particular appliance or washer? A dryer? Gas or electric? Etc., etc. "The dimensions of tliis are momentous," gadget? Such information might well be of Now the Census Bureau proposes to include Representative Betts told, a Co~gr~sional value to the manufacturers of these appli­ these; plus five new ones, in the 1970 decen­ subcommitte~. "Information. is power and ances so that they could concentrate se111ng nial population -census. It proposes that the government would .have complete files ca~paigns in areas where few of their prod­ everybody woUid have to answer-or face a on everything a.bout a person within .min"tttes ucts are in use. But the question arises prison term. ' after the pus);l of a ~utt?n." . ·. . ' whether it is the function of the Federal This is what has aroUsed Betts, Waldie Go~ernment to use tax money to conduct re­ and some others in Congress. [From. the Me!iden (ponn.). Jo~r,naCFeb. rn, search fol" private ·industry. Let the appli­ Involved .are (1) invasion of privacy, (2) 1968) ance manufacturer conduct his own research what may be done with the data collected, _ TJIE NOSY -0ENSUS TAKER if he wants new' markets for his products. and (3) compe111ng that the person answer, In 1970 one-fourth of the households in Rep. Jac~son E. Betts, an Ohio Rep:Ublican, with refuSal to do so· a federal crime more theJ United -States will get a 20.:.page, 50- h'as introduced legislation to limit tlie official serious than driving a stolen automobile qu~stion f<:>rm t6 fill out,iand 'e\ren no'w· it's · census qf population to seven simp~e, direct acro8s a State line: ' · · ' being •described a.s 1'an invasion '·ef privacy. questions which he says will meet const1tu- -Asfde· from the penalty for not answering, · 6066 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 the question of use of the answers is a very tions are the ones you might expect to be will object to 'its detailed trivia.' He expressed serious one. The Census Bureau proposes to asked in a totaUtarian state like the Soviet the possibility that 'the nuisance of it all feed them into a computerized national data Union but not in the USA. may in fact decrease accuracy.' Putting the bank which would provide cradle-to-grave Before 1970 and the census rolls around few essential questions on a computer punch information on everyone in the U.S. ' we strongly urge Congress to pass legislation card would better promote accuracy, he Beside such a data bank, "Big Brother" in limiting the questions so that they do not suggested. George Orwell's "1984" would be but a in any way invade the priyacy of the least "Congress has put up little resistance to fumbling amateur. If every resident were or the greatest in th.is land. the infringement of privacy, he said, be­ required to lay bare all sorts of personal in­ cause information did not circulate so widely. formation in answering more than 120 census (From the Long Beach (Calif.) Independent­ "But now, there is a proposal for a Federal questions--with the alternative being a fed­ Press-Telegram, Mar. 2, 1968) Data Bank, a computer system which would eral prison term; and if all his answers were combine information from various govern­ then fed into the data bank, along with his CENSUS MAY ASK FOR UNNECESSARY ment agencies to develop a complete dossier income tax returns, military record, or no ANSWERS of information on an individual. telling what else-what privacy would there (By L.A. Collins, Sr.) "'The dimensions of this are momentous,' be left to invade and who, even in jest could "Should a person be liable for a fine and Representative Betts told a Congressional call himself a free man? jail term for refusing to answer a census subcommittee. 'Information is power and the question about his plumbing?" The above government would have complete files on [From The Tulsa (Okla.) Tribune, February question is out of a release from the National everything about a person within minutes · 14, 1968) Federation of Independent Business. It goes after the push of a button'.'' UNCLE SAM'S LONG NOSE on to ask: This is one issue that will take a lot of support from the. people back home if Con­ The Census Bureau is planning to ask a "Is one's constitutional right to privacy lot more personal questions in 1970, accord­ violated if the Bureau of the Census compels gress is to adopt the bill introduced by Rep. ing to Congressman Betts of Ohio. him to answer whether he owns an air con­ Betts. The bill is H.R. 10952. If you feel there ditioner, how many weeks he worked the should be fewer questions to be answered He says they will inquire: How many peo­ you should write Congressman Hosmer and ple share your bathroom? If you have been previous year, and how many times he's been married? Several congressmen think so. They any other members of the House you may married more than once, how did your previ­ know. The Census Bureau is now working out marriages end? How do you enter your object to the 50-question, 20-page question­ home? What is the value of your property? naire which the Bureau of the Census plans out the 20-page questionnaire to be printed Not only that, but they now want the right to mail to one-fourth of the U.S. households next year. in 1970. Failure to answer all questions can to conduct a national census every five [From the Mount Vernon (Ohio) News, years, instead of every decade. result in a $100 fine and 60 days in jail. We can see how an intelligent head count, "Congressman Jackson Betts of Ohio who Feb. 22, 1968] along with some pertinent public data, can doesn't like it, has introduced legislation to PROTECTION FOR PRIVACY help our government conduct its business limit the questions in the Census of Popula­ Sen. Frank J. Lausche proposes legis­ more effectively, and we have no objection to tion and Housing that can be asked under lation to block penalties against anyone that. penalty of fine and imprisonment. 'I feel who does not wish to answer. some of the But if the Census Bureau is going this it is outrageous that the citizens should be more personal questions planned for the route, we have some questions of our own threatened with imprisonment for failure 1970 census. to ask first : to comply,' he told Congress. A majority of As it now stands, you can be fined up In an age when privacy for the individual independent businessmen feel the same way. to $100 for refusing to tell the value of · is shrinking relentlessly, is this sort of offl.­ A poll conducted by the National Federation your home, whether you worked last week, cial pray really justified? Are not the gains of Independent Business found 83 per cent and a few other questions in that vein. in terms of governmental efficiency in dan­ of the business proprietors in favor of Con­ Rep. Jackson E. Betts of Ohio has been ger of being outweighed by ithe loss of pri­ gressman Betts' legislation, with only 13 per complaining for some weeks about a census vate identity which Americans like .to feel? cent opposed, and 4 per cent undecided. invasion of privacy, and Sen. Lausche pro­ When every American is punch-carded, "The Nation's independent businessmen, poses to do something about it. processed and computerized down to the who frequently complain about the increas­ The senator's proposal deserves consider­ most personal of detail, what will we really ing paperwork required of them by the gov­ ation and, probably, enactment. have gained? ernment and the continual invasion of We'll grant that census data of this type It is said that every animal has a "shelter privacy, are obviously receptive to the argu­ may be valuable to specific businesses, but instinct," a form of psychological retreat ments put forth by Congressman Betts on why should the taxpayers' money be used from which he can exclude all other animals. the Census questionnaire (when applied to to gather data for specific businesses, and Who voted in favor of Uncle Sam poking his individuals). He points out that if a citizen why is it any of the government's business nose in there? wishes to assert his right of privacy, by refus­ at what age you had your last baby, what ing to answer Census questions, he may be you think your home is worth, or-as long (From the Indianapolis (Ind.) Star, Feb. 18, subject to prosecution like a criminal. The as you are not getting government aid-if 1968) penalties were provided years ago to promote you worked last week? compliance and accuracy, but since then, the INVASION OF PRIVACY Yes, we know the Bureau of the Census questionnaire has been expanded to include tells us its records are confidential, and The Fourth Amendment of The Constitu­ questions of housing, unemployment, and such figures are used only statistically. tion of The United States of America reads in personal history. There have been too many tales of govern­ par.t, "The right of the people to be secure "Congressman Betts, calling the proposed ment snoopers getting into income tax in their persons, houses, papers and effects questionnaire, 'a monstrosity,' says the form records, first class mail, and other sup­ ... shall not be violated." has deviated from its original Oonstitutional posedly private and confidential informa­ On Monday Representative Jaickson E. purpose, which is to determine the popula­ tion. Federal income tax records are now Betts (R-0.) told the Women's National Re­ tion of the states so that the House of Rep­ open to states and cities for local income publican club that the questions planned to resentatives can be apportioned. Congress has tax checks. be asked in the 1970 census constitute a vio­ failed to assert some control over the Census We are fast losing the privaicy which is lation of this amendment. and protect the right of privacy, he says. the right of every free person, and the Such questions as "How many people share 'Does the government need to know if a census of 1970 would be a good time to your bathroom?" "If you have been married person has an air conditioner, the condition call a halt to the erosion of this right. more than once, how did your previous mar­ of his plumbing and if he shares his shower?' Rep. Betts, Sen. Lausche, and others who riages end?" and others violate the precepts he asked in appealing for Congressional seek to defend this right deserve support of the Four.th Amendment. action. 'I don't really think so. These are in their effort. Betts said the penalty to be imposed for questions that simply require the taxpayers not answering these questions is a "fine of to conduct market research for private in­ $100 or 60 days in jail." He says this is a clear dustry.' His bill would limit the categories of [From the Greenfield (Ind.) Reporter, violation of constitutional guarantees, such questions which a person must answer under Feb. 13, 1968] •as the "secure in your papers clause, and the penalty of law to a few essential ones: name How FAR SHOULD THE CENSUS Go? freedom from arrest clauses." and address, relationship to the head of the Should a person be liable for a fine and We've said before tha.t such questions are household, sex, date of birth, race, marital jail term for refusing to answer a Census nobody's business except the individual in­ status, and number of visitors in household question about his plumbing? volved. A person's name, address, age, occu­ at the time of the census. Is one's Constitutional right to privacy pation, race, sex and other germane questions "The Bureau of the Census has answered violated if the Bureau of the Census compels are properly part of the business of head criticism by saying the restriction 'would de­ him to answer whether he owns an air con­ counting, wh!ch is the primary purpose of value the significance and importance of the ditioner, how many weeks he worked the the census. national Census at a time when its results previous year, and how many times he's been But a person's physical habits, marriages are more critically needed than ever before.' married? or lack of them, whether he uses the front or Congressman Betts contends that the pro­ Several Congressmen think so. They object the back door is by no means the btlsiness of posed form is so long and complex that many to the 50-question, 20-page questionnaire a government of free individuals. Such ques- persons w.1.11 be overwhelmed by it and others which the Bureau of the Census plans to mail March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6067 to one-fourth of the U.S. households in 1970. duce H.R. 6196 in the 89th Congress, to Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, Failure to answer all questions can result in establish a National Foundation on Arts and seven other members appointed by a $100 fine and 60 days in jail. and Humanities and strongly SUPPorted the Administrator from among private Congressman Jackson Betts of Ohio who the extension of this act earlier this citizens interested and experienced in doesn't like it, has introduced legislation to limit the questions in the Census of Popula­ month when it came before the House. artistic fields. tion and Housing that can be asked under It was, of course, a great source of satis­ Mr. Speaker, this Na.tion is second to penalty of fine and imprisonment. "I feel it faction to me that the Congress estab­ none in economic and political power. is outrageous that the citizens should be lished a National Foundation and that But the noblest aspirations of a people threatened with imprisonment for failure to it now promises to aid in promoting ex­ come to expression in the artifacts of comply,'' he told Congress. cellence in artistic endeavor, befitting a their creative genius. I should hope that A majority of independent businessmen mature, civilized nation. our public buildings would be not only feel the same way. A poll conducted by the National Federation of Independent Business My bill requiring artwork in public monuments to our power but symbols of found 83 per cent of the business proprietors buildings grows out of this long interest our appreciation of artistic achievement. in favor of Congressman Betts' legislat.ion, in the arts. Certainly the quality of our I am privileged to continue my own with only 13 per cent opposed, and 4 per cent architecture is a clear sign of our appre­ efforts to further art in America with this undecided. ciation of beauty. It was Winston bill. And I am heartened that with our In Indiana, 84 per cent are in favor, 11 per Churchill who said: present national awareness of beauty in cent opposed, and 5 per cent undecided. We shape our buildings; thereafter they our environment, this measure will be The nation's independent businessmen, shape us. promptly and carefully considered by the who frequently complain about the increas­ ing paperwork required of them by the gov­ Public buildings which are drab testify Congress. ernment and the continual invasion of pri­ to a dearth of spiritual sensitivity. But vacy, are obviously receptive to the argu­ a building enhanced by fine paintings, ments put forth by Congressman Betts on March Newsletter of Congressman the Censusi questionnaire. murals, or sculpture truly helps "shape" He points out that if a citizen wishes to the esthetic appreciation of those who Jack Edwards assert his right of privacy, by refusing to enter. answer Census questions, he may be subject I think it is important to note that this to prosecution like a crimi:pal. The penalties bill is another effort in a general rea­ HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON were provided years ago to p.romote com­ wakening of our Nation's awareness of OF ALABAMA pliance and accuracy, but since then, the ''beautification." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES questionnaire has been exp.anded to include questions of housing, unemployment, and The President's Task Force on the Monday, March 11, 1968 personal history. Preservation of Natural Beauty recently Congressman Betts, calling the proposed reported: Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I would questionnaire, "a monstrosity," says the form The Federal Government ... is the great­ like to bring to the attention of the has deviated from its original Constitutional est single builder and landowner in the readers of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD purpose, which is to determine the popula­ Country. As a consequence--though often the message contained in the March tion of the states so that the House of without specific intent-it greatly influences newsletter of my colleague Congressman Representatives can be apportioned. Con­ the quality of our environment merely as a JACK EDWARDS. His comments are as gress has failed to assert some contro~ over matter of good housekeeping. The Federal follows: the Census and protect the right of privacy, Government should insure that its physical he says. installations not only serve their immediate DON'T BLAME THE RIOTERS "Does the government need to know if a purposes efficiently but also enhance the ap­ Well the President's Commission studying person has an air conditioner, the condition pearance of their general setting. last summer's riots has reported and has of his plumbing and if he shares his found everyone at fault but the rioters. While shower?" he asked in appealing for Congres­ I think this bill I am introducing will this is not surprising, it nevertheless is dis­ sional action. "I don't really think so." serve the purposes espoused by the gusting to read a 250,000 word report which "These are questions that simply require President's task force, as well as the took 7 months to prepare only to find that, the taxpayers to conduct market research for President himself who said in his mes­ they feel, police brutality ranks as one of the private industry." sage on natural beauty that beautifi­ major causes of the riots. His bill would limit the categories of ques­ cation "requires attention to the archi­ Now we will be called on to spend about tions which a person must answer under $2 billion each month to cure all the ills of penalty of law to a few ess·ential ones: na.me tecture of building.'' the rioters. Sure jobs and education will help, and address, relationship to the head of the Some Federal agencies involved in con­ but interestingly enough the report found household, sex, date of birth, race, miarltal struction activities have shown admira­ that those arres·ted in the riots in Detroit status, and number of visitors in the house­ ble attention to the importance of art. last summer had a higher than average edu­ hold at the time of the census. The Federal Housing Administration, for cation and most of them had a good job. instance, in a policy statement of Febru­ I guess the riot report will give the lagging ary 27, 1964, emphasizes the use of art Great Society a real shot in the arm. How­ by American artists in multifamily ever, early reaction in Oongress would indi­ cate a very cautious attitude. There is a gen­ H.R. 15859: Needed Legislation for housing projects developed with FHA eral feeling, in which I concur, that crime, Beautification of Public Buildings mortgage insurance. FHA authorized up violence and riots must not be rewa.rded. to 1 percent of the estimated cost to be spent for art. NEW FLAG FILM HON. CLAUDE PEPPER My bill would extend this kind of due I am happy to announce the availability of a 15 minute film depicting the history of the OF FLORIDA concern for beauty in building to the American flag which is for use through my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strucitures built or contracted by the office. Federal Government for its own use. Monday, March 11, 1968 This I 6MM color and sound movie was pro­ In summary, the legislation I am in­ duced by the U.S. Marine Corps and it illus­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, I am again troducing today will: first, benefit art­ trates many important happenings in our introducing legislation to require that at ists, by providing them opportunities for history through tracing the symbol and use least 1 percent of the money available to creating decorative art; second, beau­ of the American flag. construct Federal buildings shall be used tify our public buildings, by requiring at The film, The Story of Old Glory, is perfect to provide for decorative art in such least 1 percent of the cost to be used for use by schools, civic clubs, church groups, scout meetings and is one that will be en­ buildings. on decorative art in these buildings; joyed by all age groups. During my entire career as a legisla­ and third, further art itself, by encour­ The film can be obtained on a loan basis tor, I have been concerned with the cul­ aging the creation of murals, mosaics, by contacting my Mobile Office, 319 Federal tivation of art and the encouragement of paintings, sculpture, ironwork, pottery, Building, 433-3581, ext. 404. American artists. In 1938, I introduced a weaving, wood carving, stonework, and bill, S. 3296, into the 75th Congress to artistic work in other media. GOOD NEWS FOR OUR RIVER SYSTEM The President's Budget for fiscal year 1969 provide for a permanent Bureau of Fine The bill establishes an advisory board contains the following items of interest in Arts. As a Senator, I also authored S. which will advise and consult with the Southwest Alabama. 2967 in the 76th Congress. ·Neither of Administrator of General Services in I will be working to obtain ·appropriations these bills were enacted, but my inter­ carrying out the intent of this bill. The for these projects which mean so much to est in this legislation never flagged. I board will be composed of the Chairman the growth of our area. All projects are under was privileged, 27 years later, to intro- of the National Endowment for Arts, the control of the Gorps of Engineers. 6068 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 Alabama Rlver-$110,000 for operation and system, all of which will help to create some I was most encouraged to note that one maintenance. 115 new jobs. of the major themes of this message was Alabama River Channel-$1,261,000 for The total cost of the project ls $359,500 the growing need for health manpower. construction. and the city of Pine Hill will invest $71,900. Bayou La Batre-$80,000 for operation and Completion of the 100,000-gallon water stor­ Health care today requires the serv­ maintenance. age tank, extension of water mains, and ices of a wide range of skilled and un­ Clairborne Lock and Dam-$4,900,000 for sewer system construction will be completed skilled personnel. Our ·hospitals, clinics, construction. · in about 15 months. nursing homes, and private medical and Dauphin Island Bay-$25,000 for operation These improvements are in part largely dental. practitioners must be adequately and maintenance. due to the great plant being built nearby, staffed to insure -that every citizen ob­ Millers Ferry Lock and Dam-$8,900,000 for MacMillan Bloedel United, Inc., which will tains quality medical care. construction and $400,000 for operation and employ over 700 people. maintenance. The essential ingredient, then, in plan­ Mobile Harbor-$1,200,000 for opera.tlon BALANCE OF PA,YMENTS AND THE MERCHANT ning for health is health manpower. and maintenance. MARINE Whatever health legislation Congress Mobile Harbor (Holllnger's Island Chan­ The Balance of Payments problem st111 passes will be suQcessful only to the ex­ nel)-$57,000 for general investigation. plagues us. ,Travel restrictions are not the tent that we have the necessary person­ Perdido Pass--$402,000 for construction. answer. But I believe a strong Merchant Marine can provide a large part of the an­ nel to carry out the programs. And our Tennessee Tombigbee Waterway--$500,000 need is not simply for more physicians for advance engineering and design. swer. A study has just been completed which shows that if we had no American Merchant and dentists; we must increase the health nm I GET YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE? Marine, our Balance of Payments deficit manpower supply at all levels, from Every residence in the 1st District should would be 30 % higher. Think, then, how much hospital' orderlies and technicians to doc­ have received my 4th Annual Legislative we could improve our balance of payments tors in the highly skilled specialties. Questionnaire last month. If you have not deficit if we Just had an adequate Merchant _ Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, we must yet completed yours and returned it to me, Marine transporting a larger share of our please do so today for I value your opinion American Commerce. Everytlme we pay for­ look beyond current needs to the future on these important matters which are being eign flag ships to transport our goods, we are requirements for health in our society. considered in Congress. Just eating into our gold supply. It Just According to many experts in the field, WHAT NEXT L. B. J.? doesn't make sense. the health manpower shortage is now It seems a good percentage of those VIP's THE GIGANTIC FEDERAL BUDGET critical and all indications are that it will invited to the White House for official func­ Although President Johnson said his record become much worse as population growth tions recently have been show business per­ one hundred and eighty-six b1lllon dollar continues and the expectations of our sonalities. It must be paying off, because now budget for the coming fiscal year was tight society regarding health services in­ the American taxpayer is being called on for and stringent, examples stlll come to light crease. $200,000 to "prop a flop". The money has indicating that no really extensive effort was Mr. Speaker, the challenge of planning been earmarked for the purchase of tickets made to do away with unnecessary spending. to meet health manpower needs of the to sagging Broadway shows I Congressman Durward Hall, Missouri Re­ future rests with us in Congress here If the shows are good we will buy our own publican, pointed out recently that the tickets; if they are not, we won't. What ls budget provides for two projects for the and now. wrong with this simple economic fact? study of blackbirds. They wm cost more than I hope all Members will give careful Should the Senior Bowl and Junior Mfss $60,000. consideration to the President's message Pageant be eligible for a federal grant in the One ls a grant of $50,400 to the University on health and to the legislative measures event they have vacant seats at perform­ of Wisconsin to prepare "An Ecology of Black­ which he has urged. ances? This action further points up the bird Social Organization." Ecology ls a ten­ little regard this Administration has for the dollar word describing the pattern of rela­ taxpayers of our country. tionships between creatures and their total EDWARDS LEGISLATION environment. VFW Midwinter Conference Listed below are bills I have introduced The other ls an $11,200 grant to the Cali­ in the House of Representatives recently. fornia Polytechnic College for a study of I will work for the passage of these meas­ "Competition and Social Organization in Mixed Colonies of Blackbirds." HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES ures and will continue to press for favor­ OF OHIO able action on other bills I have pending There are many other instances that indi­ in committee. cate the United States Government has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H.R. 13983-Amend Title I of the Hous­ spending, or plans to spend, money on proj­ Monday, March 11, 1968 ing Act of · 1949 to protect state and local ects that appear to be questionable or un-­ governments against the loss of tax revenues necessary. I know the budget can be cut. I Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, the Vet­ which would otherwise result 'from acquisi­ know there are non-essential expenditures erans of Foreign Wars led by their Com­ tions of property in Urban Renewal projects. which can be omitted. I will be working to­ mander in Chief Joseph A. Scerra, of H.R. 12208 and H.R. 14256--To protect wards this end as the appropriations bills come before the House. Gardner, Mass., are holding their mid­ American iron, steel and textile companies winter conference in Washington, March from unwarranted foreign competition and COAST GUARD EXPANSION IN MOBll.E 9 to 12. The purpose of the conference to assist in the balance of payments prob­ The U.S. Coast Guard has shown its con­ is to bring to Washington the leaders of lem. tinuing interest in the Mobile area in an­ the VFW so that they may confer with H.J. Res. 996--To amend the Constitu­ nouncing its plans to construct additional tion to give Congress the power to override facilities at the Coast Guard Air Station at Members of the Congress and officials decisions of the Supreme Court, by a two Bates Field. Over $2 million will be spent to of the executive agencies to discuss na­ thirds vote of Congress. make this the largest Coast Guard Air Station tional goals of this great veterans orga­ H.R. 14777-Amend Elementary and Sec­ in the nation. nization. Many of the goals of the Vet­ ondary Education Act of 1965 to allow state · This expansion, coupled with the new buoy erans of Foreign Wars are under con­ and local school authorities to plan their tender and sea rescue base to be developed sideration in the Congress today. school programs without outside interfer­ at Brookley Field this year, will give the This oldest of the major veterans orga­ ence. Mobile area the finest air-sea rescue service H.R. 14959-To amend the Federal Food, nizations is led this year by a friendly, in the country. The Coast Guard is adding purposeful man who has ably, forcefully Drug and Cosmetic Act to prescribe penal­ greatly to the growth and economy of the ties for the possession of depressant, stimu­ First District. and courageously led the VFW to new lant, and halucinogenlc drugs by unauth­ heights in membership and results. Joe orized persons; to increase penalties for the Scerra had hardly begun his year as unauthorized sale, delivery, or disposition of commander in chief before enplaning to such drugs; and for other purposes. South Vietnam to serve as a Presidential H. Con. Res. 625-Requlre France to begin The Need for Health Manpower payment of World War I debt to U.S. observer at the national elections held in H. Con. Res. 640-To help the balance of that tortured land last fall. He returned payments problem by encouraging American HON. JOHN BRADEMAS to take up the fight for veterans benefits industry and American public to ship and OF INDIANA and with his term only half over we travel on American ships. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would have to say at this -time that Joe has had a very good year. To mention GOOD NEWS FOR PINE HILL Monday, March 11, 1968 I was pleased to announce recently the just one of the major accomplishments grant awarded to Pine Hlll by the Economic Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, on of his year-and I pick this one out be­ Development Administration, to expand the March 4, President Johnson sent to Con­ cause the VFW has been preeminent in cities water system and to install a sewer gress his message on health in America. focusing attention on this problem-we March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6069 have seen a reversal of the policy of the sistance to those who have served in the Specifically, resolution of the mounting executive branch of our Government Armed Forces and thereby rendered a spe­ crisis r~quires-- with respect to the closing of our na­ cial service to the Nation which entitles 1. Transfer of jurisdiction over national tional cemeteries. The back of the clo­ them or, if deceased, their survivors to spe­ cemeteries to the Veterans' Affairs Committee cial consideration. in the House of R~presentatives. sure policy has been broken. We can go Our oourse of action during the comifig 2. A national cemetery system adequate~ on now to resolve the issue instead of year: To broaden and improve existing pro­ provide a national cemetery in every State. hiding it. grams, to win acceptance of new veterans Medical care We all know that when winter begins concepts, creation of a Standing Senate Vet­ erans Affairs Committee. Medical care for veterans must be main­ to fade in Washington so also come our tained at the finest and highest level possible. young people from all over these United Compensation Specifically, the VA medical program re­ States. We have also come to know that The compensation program for service quires-- when the VFW holds its Washington connected death and disability for all vet­ 1. Upgrading of fac111ties and equipment. conference each March these veterans erans or their dependents must be con­ 2. Training, employment, and retention of bring with them a very special group of tinuously revised to maintain an adequate the finest medical and nursing personnel. our youth. standard of living, taking into consideration 3. Improve post-hospital care program by These are young Americans, not yet cost of living increases, loss of earnings providing more nursing care facillties for out of high school, who give us fresh in­ growth capability and equitable adjustment elderly veterans and VA approved community of payments to widows or eligible depend­ care for psychiatric patients. sight into the meaning of this democratic ents to sustain their rights through periods 4. All overseas veterans be entitled to hos­ society which we cherish. These are the of changing status. pitalization as a matter of right without fur­ winners of the VFW Voice of Democracy Specifically, the compensation programs ther qualifications. contest. From every State in the Union, must provide-- Senate Veterans Committee and also representing young Americans 1. Compensation payments set well above The Senate has approved establishment of living in Panama, Okiriawa, and Korea, the government standards for other assist­ a Committee on Veterans' Affairs as a provi­ the winners were selected from a group ance programs. sion of a Legislative· Reorganization Bill ( S. of entrants numbering almost 400,000 2. An extra measure of compensation for 355) now pending in the House. House oppo­ high school students. We look forward to disa.b111ty due to combat or extra-hazardous sition to features of the bill other than the meeting this fine group of Americans. service. creation of a Senate Veterans Committee They are representative of our youth and 3. Automatic cost of living increases. makes passage very doubtful. We believe it 4. The vesting of permanent rights in wid­ necessary, therefore, for the Senate to act their belief in our heritage and their ows. independently to: dedication to our purposes is shared by 5. Special cons.tderation for disabiUty en­ 1. Create a standing Committee on Veter­ those many young Americans, only a few titlement should be accorded all former pris­ . ans' Affairs in the U.S. Senate. years older than they, who wear the uni­ oners of war. V."l'.W. NATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS form of our country. We, of the U.S. Pension GOALS, 1967-68 Congress are delighted to join with them The V.F.W. recognizes the principle of pen­ in welcoming these fine young Ameri­ Preamble sions for non-service connected disabled vet­ The V.F.W. believes that morally and stra­ cans. erans in the conviction that they have made tegically the United States has no choice but The story of the young Americans sacrifices in the national interest above and to take whatever military steps are necessary serving in our Armed Forces is well told beyond that required of citizens who did not to achieve victory in South Vietnam. We be­ in an article which appeared in the Jan­ serve in the Armed Forces and that such mil­ lieve, further, that anything short of com­ uary issue of the VFW magazine, edited itary service performed by such veterans en­ plete victory will destroy chances for ultimate by John Smith, entitled "The True titles them to financial aid. peace and will undermine the security of the Fairness requires substantial increases in United States. Young American." As the article points income limitations to raise the program out the true young American can be above the level of Government standards for South Vietnam found on the battlefields in Vietnam­ other assistance programs, insurance against 1. Support whatever action is required to not in demonstrations. I commend the reduction or loss of pension from increases in conclude the war with victory. article to the membership of this House Social Security and restructuring of both 2. Oppose any form Of truce, cease-fire, or and to all Americans. One feature of it pension programs. coalition government that could impair win­ that will be of particular interest to my Specifioally, the pension program requires: ning a full victory. 1. $600 to $1000 increases in income limi­ 3. Oppose recognition of the so-called na­ distinguished colleagues is the reference tations. tional Liberation Front. to two Americans of the younger gen­ 2. Permanent protection against reduction 4. Blockade North Vietnam. eration serving their country in Vietnam or loss of pension from future social security Military personnel whose father fought with valor in an and other retirement increases. 1. Increase military pay, allowances, and earlier conflict and now serves with dis­ 3. Restructuring of the pension programs retirement benefits. tinction in this body. The young Amer­ by raising income limitations and pension 2. Provide government or commercial icans are Jim and Jack Teague. And payments with provision for minimum pen­ transportation to home for military person­ their father, of course, is our respected sion guarantee for those in · lower income nel on leave prior to and upon return from chairman of the Veterans' Affairs Com­ categ~ries. overseas duty, and those on convalescent and mittee, the Honorable OLIN E. "TIGER" Veteran preference emergency leave. Continued vigilance by V.F.W. to preserve 3. Support legislation for pay-and-a-half TEAGUE. We thank the VFW for this veteran preference in employment. for mtlitary personnel while volunta.rlly serv­ contribution toward keeping the proper ing in Vietnam beyond minimum required perspective toward our young people. GI bill 1. The V.F.W. recommends that the reha­ tour of duty. The VFW has grown to the point b111tation assistance authorized for those who 4. Free mail for military personnel overseas where its membership now totals almost have served in the armed forces since Jan­ or hospitalized. 1% million. We hope they continue to uary 31, 1955 be broadened to provide assist­ Military policy grow and continue to provide the en­ ance commensurate with current economic 1. Support full-scale anti-missile defense lightened leadership which is reflected conditions and provide one and one-half days system for United.States. in the top priority legislative and secur­ eduoation and training benefits for each day 2. Oppose merger of and retain a strong ity goals which VFW Commander in of military service. national guard and reserve. Chief Joe Scerra has presented to the 2. The widows and orphans of veterans 3. Support programs for U.S. supremacy in who were killed or who were disabled in serv­ space and oceanography. Congress. These are goals which have ice should be eligible to receive career-ori­ 4. Support a U.S. built enlarged and mod­ been well considered and well presented. ented education training. ern merchant marine as a vital element of They follow: 3. The veterans GI loan program should defense. V.F.W. NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE GOALS, 1967-68 be put on a permanent basis with provisions Foreign policy The President's historic message outlin­ for restoring eligibillty upon repayment of 1. Retain full U.S. control of Okinawa. ing the Nation's responsibilities to veterans previous loans. 2 Oppose ratification of proposed Panama and the establishment of a Presidential Study Cemeteries Canal treaties. Group to conduct a comprehensive study of 3. Urge U.S. withdrawal from U.N. if Red The Executive Branch has run roughshod China is admitted. compensation, pension and other veterans over the right· of veterans to burial in a na­ benefits, makes it possible to advance in 4. Retain full U.S. control of Guantanamo tional cemetery. The Congress and the ad­ Bay. giant strides toward the attainment of long­ ministration have a moral responsibility to sought goals. Most hopefully these mile­ move ahead with a reasonable and equitable Mr. Speaker, we wish to conclude our stones will provide the basis for further as- national cemetery program. remarks by stating that during my long 6070 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 service on the House Veterans' Affairs of up to eight persons will be living in ECONOMY Committee, I have come to appreciate. the one 12- by 18-foot room. Most of these Although the largest Sicilian popula­ fine cooperation of the Washington of­ rooms will have neither windows nor tion centers of Palermo, Trapani, and fice of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. bathing facilities. Because of the poor Marsala did not suffer overwhelmingly Executive Director Cooper T. Holt and heating and ventilating systems in the from the quakes, the island's entire econ­ Director of National Legislative Service rooms, the refugees will have to with­ omy is expected to be affected by the dis­ Francis W. Stover have particularly been stand subfreezing temperatures in the asters. Thus, the earthquakes truly dealt a great aid in bringing the objectives of winter months, and extremely high tem­ a blow to 4 million persons. the veterans to our attention. peratures during the summer season. While the Sicilian economy struggles Third, the tent cities cannot provide to return to normal, the Italian Govern­ the basic community services destroyed ment must spend between $50 and $60 by the earthquake. Although homes are million merely to provide temporary Sicilian Trip of the highest priority, there must be housing for the refugees. funds to build schools, hospitals, fire and Rebuilding the damaged homes and HON. JOSEPH Y. RESNICK Police stations, utilities and village stores. providing permanent housing for those FOOD whose homes were totally destroyed will OF NEW YORK Big commercial kitchens in the tent cost between $450 and $600 million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cities distribute free bread, spaghetti and These figures do r.ot include the al­ Monday, March 11, 1968 a little meat to the refugees. All other lowances promised to the refugee fam­ foodstuffs-like fruit, coffee, and sugar­ ilies nor the cost of helping the people Mr. RESNICK. Mr. Speaker, more recover their farm animals and tools so than 7 weeks ago, a series of earthquakes the people must purchase. Those not living in the Government they may work again. struck a triangular area of Sicily bound­ The :floods in Florence in 1966 crip­ ed by Salemi, Poggioreale, and Santa centers are receiving food allowances equivalent to $3 a day for a family of pled one-third of the Italian economy. Margherita di Belce. The initial destruc­ Nevertheless, it was beginning to surge tion, the death of 300 persons, the injury five. Many Sicilians are still without food upward in 1967. The cost now of repair­ of 1,000 was reported throughout the ing the damage of the Sicilian earth­ world. But little attention has been paid because they cannot reach the Govern­ ment center or fear to leave their homes quakes will be a tremendous financial to the disaster's aftermath, the misery drain on the Italian Government. and deprivation in which the survivors and farms, as uninhabitable as they may are living. be. They have no w~y to produce their PROPOSALS At the request of individuals and relief own food requirements. The Italian Government must have agencies seeking to help the victims, I In many cases; children are without help in aiding the refugees. The Sicilians went to Sicily to see firsthand what the milk, which before they could get on are a proud, hard-working people. They needs of the survivors are and to help their family farms. This is true in Cala­ must be given the opportunity to earn raise the funds needed to assist in re­ tafima, for example, where there also is their own way in life. This is a drastic building the blighted area. a shortage of clothing and blankets to emergency which must be met through I have found that the Sicilian Regional shield the refugees from the cold. drastic efforts. and Italian Central Governments are do­ The refugees fear that the Govern­ · . In ordinary times the United States ing a magnificent job to aid the disaster ·ment's food subsidies will stop by mid­ never has to be reminded to respond victims. But the deprivation, the destruc­ April because of a shortage of funds. to the needs of peoples of other nations. tion, and the urgent needs are so strik­ They point out that this was the ex­ When disaster strikes, when people are ing that the two Governments cannot be perience of the victims of the :floods hungry, the American people give expected to return the region to a normal which struck Florence in the fall of 1966. quickly, willingly, and generously. life in any reasonable period of time In an effort to produce as much food Unfortunately, this Nation now faces without extensive aid from other nations. as possible, the Italian Government major needs within its own borders. As The American people and their Gov­ quickly repaired the region's roads and the report of the President's National ernment already have contributed al­ arranged to transport the farmers from Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders most $3.5 million to aid the refugees. In ·the centrally located tent cities to their reemphasized only a few days ago, our January, the International Ladi.es Gar­ farms and villages, scattered on the hill­ own cities, our own poverty-stricken citi­ ment Workers Union donated $50,000 to sides of the mountainous region. zens need prompt attention at the same help the Sicilians. My investigation re­ Unfortunately, the extensive loss of time as we courageously are helping to veals, however, that as generous as this farm animals and tools sometimes makes fight a war to guarantee the freedom of is, it is still not enough. this transportation useless. The refugees the peoples of Southeast Asia. There are four major areas of need: simply have no way to work their fields. Therefore, I am not calling upon our HOUSING These basic losses probably will result Government for a massive and costly Eighty thousand Sicilians now are in a tremendous cut in this year's har­ Federal program to aid the Sicilians. homeless. Some are living in shacks fash­ vest, forecasting widespread hunger this The U.S. Government can help in some ioned out of paper; others in freight cars, spring and winter. _ way, but the burden of America's assist­ and others in tents supplied by the Ital­ There is evidence that unless a great ance to these unfortunate victims of ian and United States Governments. deal of help arrives immediately, the nature will have to fall upon the pri­ - Half -of these refugees have houses hunger pattern may last for 3 to 5 years. vate sector of our Nation and our citizens which could be repaired, but are unin­ PERSONAL NEEDS as individuals. habitable at this time. The remainder The Italian Government has promised There are five major ways in which the have absolutely nothing to return to. to give each refugee family 500,000 lira­ American people and other fortunate na­ Five villages were completely devas­ about $833-to cover all losses except tions can help the Sicilian refugees. tated. The quakes, which struck Janu­ houses. As generous as this amount is, First. At relatively little cost, the U.S. ary 14 through 16 and again January 25, it still cannot be expected to sufficiently Government can make available food ravaged 7 percent of four more villages cover the costs of the huge losses suffered surpluses to help feed the 80,0-00 refugees and 50 percent of still another four by these people. and the farm animals still alive. The food villages. Their lives have been completely dis­ can be given free of charge or at a mini­ Although most of the refugees have rupted. mal cost. been moved into tent cities where basic The earthquakes not only crumbled As a member of the House Agriculture food and medical attention are being their houses, farm buildings, stores, and Committee, I plan to draft such a pro­ provided, the situation is not encourag­ public buildings; killed their farm ani­ posal. ing. mals, relatives and neighbors; ruined Second. The United Nations with its First, many of the people can bathe their tools; but the disasters deprived many humanitarian agencies must do­ only once every 2 or 3 weeks. In most of them of their basic personal belongings nate funds and emergency supplies to these tent cities, is a grave threat of essential to daily life--clothing, sheets, the Italian Government in this time of epidemic. towels, razors and blades, toothbrushes, great need. Second, refugees will .soon be moving combs and hairbrushes, shoes, soap, and Third. The American people must dig from tents to barracks, where families a hundred other items. into their own p JCkets to find funds to March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6071 establish a loan agency to provide cap­ developed, both drivers carried pistols, one The SRS reports that in 1967 they dis­ ital for the Sicilian merchants to rebuild of them was shot dead. tributed 9,240,000 questionnaires and It wasn't exactly headline news as Detroit the stores and provide the services racked up homicide No. 57 for 1968, compared had 232,000 objective survey contacts-­ which the villagers depend upon. to 37 on the same date last year. Nor was measurements and interviews. In addition, our citizens must realize it any surprise to police that neither of the I fully appreciate the need for accu­ the huge amount of money needed to two pistols was registered, although Michigan rate agricultural estimates. However, it purchase food to broaden. the diet of the has long required permits for hand guns. seems to me that it is high time that refugees and avert disease in the near Carrying a concealed weapon can, on paper, the situation is reviewed from both an future; to buy clothing, building ma­ get a man five years in prison. And often it's economy view and considering the con­ the only charge police can lodge immediately terials for homes and farms, animals, against a suspect. More often than not, how­ stant interference in citizens' private tools, school supplies, and personal be­ ever, good police work is thwarted as the affairs. longings. courts answer concealed weapons charges Thanks to the Italian Red Cross and with little more than a legal slap on the the Italian medical community, the wrist--a token fine and probation, for ex­ Myth of Anti-Americanism refugees are receiving adequate med­ ample. Of some 24-hundred persons picked up on ical attention. But money is needed to concealed weapons charges in Detroit last purchase additional medical supplies. HON. BOB WILSON year, only about 12-hundred have been con­ OF CALIFORNIA I also urge the American people to victed of anything. Nearly 500 were freed search their closets, attics, and base­ outright, with 746 cases still pending. Most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments to find clothing and personal items of the convictions that were obtained came on Monday, March 11, 1968 so desperately needed by the refugees. reduced misdemeanor pleas. All of this causes us to again wonder how Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, while Fourth. American manufacturers and there are many detractors in this country firms could perform a great service by anyone can think a new law calling for reg­ istration of all firearms would be any more who seem to oppase our firm stand contributing the personal items and effective than the old law covering only hand against Communist -aggression in Viet­ medical supplies that are needed in great guns. nam, it is commonly thought that our quantities. Vitamins, toothbrushes, Citizens with larceny or worse in their hearts who pack hidden weapons aren't about allies are overwhelmingly opposed to our soap-items like this would be a tre­ resistance to the aggressive actions of mendous help. to sign them up, law or no law. North Vietnam against South Vietnam. Fifth. Finally, volunteers in the health I have been heartened in recent days and social service fields, preferably ones by two documents, one of which came who can converse in Italian, are sorely Agricultural Census from a cousin of mine, a Britain named needed to aid the Pontifical Relief Com­ Tom Sowler, who quite vividly expressed mission perform its services. gratitude at our resistance, as follows: The people of Sicily have been plagued HON. ROBERT DOLE As far as Vietnam is concerned the at­ by natural disaster. Two summers ago, OF KANSAS titude of myself and all my friends is frank landslides left thousands without shel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disbelief. We have seen General Westmore­ ter. Only last fall, Palermo was infested land (a British name) many times on tele with millions of rats. And Mount Etna,. Monday, March 11, 1968 and aways he has filled us with confidence. on the island's eastern tip, erupts We have believed that everything was under Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, on February U.S. control for he said so. To what can we periodically. 29, I introduced a bill which would pro­ cling as truth when we see the terrible trials The island's residents have always hibit the use of questions directly relat­ of that savage and cruel fighting in Vietnam? been poor; some would term them pov­ ing to production, acreage, operation, Has someone in high places badly under­ erty stricken. But the Sicilians were and financing of any farm or farmer in estimated the situation? No war has ever just beginning to emerge from their his­ the agricultural census.· Since then, the been fought for less selfish motives but when tory of financial strife when January's mail that I have received on this subject must the senseless waste of young lives earthquakes struck them down again.. cease? You are in Vietnam for an ideal. Your has been completely in support of this country is being bled white for others. How They are a proud people who ask no legislation. I hope that enough interest reminiscent it is of British struggle in all unnecessary charity. They need only the can be stirred up on the proliferation of corners of the world when we were strong. consideraition one neighbor should show Government inquiries and questionnaires Pax Britannica! The suffering. The misun­ to another during periods of distress. I probing into the private life and busi­ derstanding. The cost in human lives. Blame­ hope that the American people and the ness affairs of our citizens to result in a less lives. From all this you will realise that international community will express hard-nosed review of this situation. I am confused. I thought you people at con­ their concern for their Sicilian friends siderable sacrifice had got Vietnam sewn up. Some of the statistics from the Presi­ And now! Is this just the beginning of some­ in tangible form. dent's budget in and of themselves are thing larger? You must stand fl.rm you indicative of the need to review the ac­ Americans. Without your stand we all are tivities involved in the census of agri­ lost. But can we really believe the casualty culture. New obligational authority for figures? It would seem to me that your suf­ Rarely Obeyed, Seldom Enforced the Bureau of the Census is reported as: fering must be greater than is admitted or [In millions] else the Viet Cong is much less. We too over here talk of the credibility gap. For God sake HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Fiscal year 1967------$27. 2 put up somebody who means what he says OF MICHIGAN Fiscal year 1968------37. 3 and says what he means. Fiscal year 1969------43. O IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In addition, a recent column in Time magazine indicates even the British press Thursday, March 7, 1968 The fiscal year 1969 figure includes $3.2 millions for preparatory work for is not solidly opposed to our country's Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I insert in the forthcoming census of agriculture. defense of freedom. the CONGRE3SIONAL RECORD a recent edi­ At the same time, the President re­ As a portion of my remarks, the col­ torial of station W JBK in Detroit, Mich. quests $14.7 million in NOA for the Sta­ umn, "Myth of Anti-Americanism," from This fine editorial points out the folly tistical Reporting Service of USDA-an. Time, March 1, 1968: of enacting additional firearms legisla­ increase from the estimate of $13.8 mil­ MYTH OF ANTI-AMERICANISM tion which would only make gun owner­ lions for fiscal year 1968. This Service With mounting stridency, the British press ship by the law-abiding citizens, for has the responsibiUty for "providing the has criticized the U.S. role in Viet Nam, por­ sporting or protective purposes, more dif­ official estimates on this Nation's agri­ traying it as a misguided effort in a hopeless ficult. It would have no effect on the culture, including acreage, yield, and cause. But there has always been a minority criminal element who obtain and use production of crops, stocks, and value of of u .S. supporters, and one of them is Daily guns illegally. Mail Columnist Bernard Levin, an acid­ farm commodities, numbers, and inven­ tongued critic of everything from theater to The editorial follows: tory value of livestock items. Data col­ world affairs. RARELY OBEYED, SELDOM ENFORCED lected and published on prices paid and Levin noted in a recent column that he Early Monday morning on a Detroit street, received by farmers are basic to compu­ had spent the previous night at the opera. one car backed into another. An argument tation of parity prices." His readers, he assumed, had spent it watch- CXIV---383-Part 5 6072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 ing television or enjoying other pleasures. continue what we have been doing for the set an example at home. None of the battle­ "A lot of Americans and South Vietnamese, last five years for another four years. grounds on which we are engaged, none of however, spent it dyin.g." So the question the American people will the places in which we are being tested, is be answering with their votes in 1968 is: more important than the ground we stand on THE WORLD'S ABUSE Shall we continue? here. For the ultimate testing-place of On that note, Levin sailed into British The only answer to his question is: When America is America itself. complacency. He expressed the kind of all­ the strongest nation in the world can be And this is the time to begin. It's time to American sentiments that a U.S. commen­ tied down for four years in the war in Viet move on to a new freedom. The old negative tator today would voice only at the risk of Nam, with no end in sight; when the richest freedom.s--freedom from hunger, freedom being laughed out of the league of sophis­ nation in the world cannot manage its own from want, freedom from fear--are no longer ticated pundits. "They spent it dying," con­ economy; when the nation with the greatest enough. The new freedom has to mean free­ tinued Levin, "so that you can go on watch­ tradition of respect for the rule of law is dom for the poor as well as the rich, freedom ing television, reading books and helping the plagued by rampant lawlessness; when the for black as well as for white; and it has to children with their homework, and so that nation that has been a symbol of human mean not only freedom from but freedom to. I can go on listening to Wagner. I don't know liberty is torn apart by racial strife; when It means freedom to grow, freedom to choose, about you, but I am grateful and wm now the president of the United States cannot freedom to travel, freedom to create, free­ say why." As Levin saw it, the confrontation travel either at home or abroad without fear dom to work-and freedom to enjoy the in Viet Nam may be "confused and horrible, of a hostile demonstration-then it's time fruits of our labors. its aims blurred, its cost in innocent blood America had new leadership. Let us recognize that rights have no mean­ unaccountable. But if it is lost, if the Ameri­ I don't think America can afford four ing-freedom has no meaning-without the cans finally get tired of doing the world's more years of Lyndon Johnson in the White opportunity to exercise those rights and to work for nothing but the world's abuse, if House. use that freedom. South Viet Nam is left to its fate, then what This ls not a time to continue what we For most of us in America, the American wm follow, as surely as Austria followed the have. It's a time for a new beginning. Revolution has been won and the American Rhineland, and Czechoslovakia followed Aus­ When I say we need new leadership, I am dream achieved. But there are millions for tria, and Poland followed Czechoslov.akia and speaking not simply of leadership able to deal whom the dream has been an unreachable six years of world war followed Poland, is a with pragmatic problems like those of mili­ vision. nuclear confrontation on a global scale be­ tary strength and economic management, or The prophets of despair, the peddlers of tween the forces at present engaged in one of housing and jobs and education. This has hate, would have those mlllions believe that tiny corner of the globe." to be done and it can be done. But I mean by taking up arms-whether literally or fig­ With that, Levin sat back and braced for something more. uratively, or both-they can destroy a society a fiood of criticism. In fact, he received more We need leadership that recognizes that that they see only in fragments, of which mail on the column than on anything else the real crisis of America today is a crisis of they see only the underside and not its prom­ he had written in his eleven years in jour­ the spirit. ise or its glory. nalism, but he found his 450 letters running What America needs most today is what it They have to be persuaded, first, that they 3 to 1 in support of his position. Last week once had, but has lost: the lift of a driving cannot--and they cannot. he mused over the reaction in a column for dream. But second, they have to be shown the the International Herald Tribune. "We can Let us look at America now, at the start other side of that society, and they have to now firmly discount the myth that practi­ of this final third of the 20th Century. be shown it as a reality, which they can cally nobody in Britain understands and Whether peace and freedom survive in the attain. supports the American stand over Viet Nam," world depends on the United States, and the It has not been so. Let us begin by confess­ he wrote. great question is whether we can meet this ing that fact. Most of his press colleagues stlll disagree challenge. It must become so. Let us proceed by with Levin. Evening News Columnist Kenneth In a material sense, our assets are immense. accepting that commitment. Allsop suggested that "this fire-eating war­ Our economic strength is unquestioned, and How do we do this? rior" of the pre5s "ought to volunteer for a our military strength can be whatever we We do it first, by turning the power of suicide squad and parachute into Viet Nam." choose to make it. freedom to the uses of freedom. But one barometer of popular opinion, the But in what should be our area of greatest The question today is not whether we pro­ Daily Mirror, which heretofore had had al­ strength, we have lost something. Back in vide food for the hungry, homes for the 111- most nothing kind to say about the U.S. in the days when America was one of the weak­ housed, jobs for the jobless. The question is Viet Nam, last week paid tribute in a front­ est nations of the world, when this granite how. page editorial to the courage of U.S. troops. state was one of only thirteen, then Amer­ And here we have one of the great, fun­ ica's ideals were more powerful than they damental issues which the people will decide are today. America meant more to the world. with their votes in November. The Johnson It was a symbol of liberty and hope. It was Administration's approach to every problem weak militarily, poor economically, but rich ls to begin with government. Ours is to begin Address by Richard M. Nixon in its devotion to a new concept of freedom. with people. The trouble with their approach The tragedy ls that somehow, while that is that it has failed. What they forget ls that concept has driven this nation higher, faster, what has made America great has not been HON. JAMES G. FULTON than any nation at any time, the American what government has done for people, but OJ' PENNSYLVANIA idea has been losing its meaning for the what people have done for themselves. The choice we face today, very simply, is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES world and for America. There are two reasons: the world has this: Do we continue down a road that leads Monday, March 11, 1968 changed, and America has changed. to big government and little people? Or do Then we were a new nation in an old we take a new road, one that taps the en­ Mr. FULTON af Pennsylvania. Mr. world. Now we are an old nation in a new ergies of the greatest engine of productivity Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ world. the world has ever seen-the engine of Ameri­ marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ At home and abroad we must recapture can industry and American private enter­ lowing address by Richard M. Nixon, de­ the American dream. prise? livered on February 3, · 1968: America did not create freedom, but free­ I say we take this new road. dom did create America. The trouble ls that This means providing tax credit and other ADDRESS BY •RICHARD M. NIXON, AT CONCORD, incentives for business to go where the need N.H., FEBRUARY 3, 1968 we have let both the word and the concept grow stale. The word "freedom" has become ls, and to do efficiently what government now The finest hours in our nation's history a Cliche, and the concept has too often been does so inefficiently. have been triumphs of the American spirit. made an excuse for inaction. Let me be very precise: I am not saying We now are engaged in a great test of that If we are to restore the vitality of the that government is the enemy. After all, it's spirit. Throughout the land, bitter conflicts American ideal, we have to bear in mind our government; it belongs to the people. It are being waged between the races, between that freedom is not static. Like any other has a role to play. But government alone the generations, between ideologies, between living thing, freedom has to grow to survive. simply ls not capable of doing the job that advocates of lawful change and of chaotic Today we live in a period of unprecedented needs to be done. And even more impor­ violence. change and growth in the world, a time when tantly, it's not capable of giving fire to the When the leaders of a great nation lose young people at home and new nations spirit and life to the dream. the trust of its people, when they lose t.ouch a.broad are groping for new directions-and a Government would be capable if all we with its spirit, the soul of the nation ls static ~oncept of freedom simply ls not cared about were the old freedoms from. torn. enough. But it fails because it stunts the new free­ When Lyndon Johnson took office five years Let us dedicate ourselves not only to the doms to. ago, he proclaimed the slogan: "Let us con­ preservation of freedom, but to the expan­ Whenever a new government program is tinue." sion of freedom. proposed, there ~s one test that we should Today, five years later, President Johnson The place to begin is here at home. We apply. Does it limit freedom? Or does it is saying to the American people: Let us cannot provide an example abroad unless we expand it? March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6073

There are those who say that there's Chicago Citywide Leadership Confer~nce Miss Cathy Johnson, Alabama Voice of nothing new about relying more on private enterprise. After all, American business is on Soviet Jewry. Democracy Representative older than the American government. But I have already included my remarks what is new is both the capacity and the delivered at this meeting in the CON­ will of private enterprise to do the job. Dur­ GRESSIONAL RECORD. Today, I would like HON. JOHN BUCHANAN ing this past third of a century, while we've to include in the RECORD a statement OF ALABAMA been loading more and more onto the which is being distributed by the Chicago IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shoulders of government, private enterprise .has been undergoing a quiet revolution. Its Citywide Leadership Conference and Monday, March 11, 1968 leaders have developed a social conscience which dramatizes very succintly the far beyond anything the leaders of the 20s or plight of the Jewish people in the Soviet Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, Ala­ the 30s would have recognized. And at the Union today. bama has every reason to be proud of same time, technology has thrown wide the Mr. Joel Ollander, secretary of the its representative in the annual Veterans windows of the possible. It's private enter­ conference and Midwest regional director of Foreign Wars voice of democracy con­ prise, not government, that has been turn­ of the American Jewish Committee, test. Miss Cathy Johnson, Alabama win­ ing the wonders of science to the service of ner, is a senior at Shades Valley High man. The American system of private enter­ worked very closely with Dr. Jerald C. prise is the greatest instrument of change Brauer, dean of the divinity school at School in Birmingham, Ala. She is the and of progress the worlq has ever known. the University of Chicago and chairman daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. And the skills and the resources it now com­ of the leadership conference, on this Johnson. Last August Cathy became the mands are those that we need if the new statement asking all Americans to Join first Alabamian to be elected president freedoms are to be made a living reality in this appeal. of the American Legion's Girls' Nation. for all of our people. It is my hope that many cities across An excellent student, Cathy ranks first And its use of free private enterprise that in a class of 400, with an academic aver­ can provide for all of us an opportunity to America will joint this imposing crusade participate in this great adventure. to end the oppression suffered by the age of 4.0 plus. She is a national merit There's another thing we need if we're Jewish citizens of the Soviet Union. finalist. To this outstanding academic to make our freedoms real. We need the civil The statement being distributed by the record, she has added a remarkable list order that makes freedom possible. We need Citywide Leadership Conference on So­ of extracurricular achievements. She is · the rule of law to sustain the light of hope, viet Jewry follows: chairman of the Jefferson County Dem­ and the light of hope to sustain the rule ocratic Youth Advisory Committee. Last of law. STATEMENT year she was elected Alabama Girls' This above all is itself a matter of the To the members of the Council of Minis­ State governor, before going on to be­ spirit--the spirit of justice, the spirit of ters of the Uri.ion of Soviet Socialist Re­ law, the spirit of reconcma.tion. And this publics. come Girls' Nation president. must come from our national leadership. She was a 1968 finalist in the Alabama To a crisis of the spirit, we need an answer From citizens of the City of Chicago meet­ Junior Miss Pageant, where she was of the spirit. ing in conference on the oppression suf­ elected "Miss Congeniality." She has· Ours is an exciting time to be alive, and fered by the Jewish citizenry of the So­ also been selected by the students and an exciting place to be alive. viet Union. To the young people of America today, I We call upon you ... the leadership of faculty of her school as "Miss Shades say this: it's true that you are inheriting a the Soviet Government, to recognize the Valley," and the "most likely to suc­ world you never made. But this was also flagrant violations of human rights perpe­ ceed." true of every generation. The great, exciting trated upon your Jewish citizens by some of Cathy is president of Usherettes-­ difference is that you live in a world you your regimes' policies and practices-direct school hostesses--treasurer. of the Na­ can change. and indirect. We call upon you, the leaders tional Honor Society, and editor of her Never has it mattered so much in the world of the Soviet Government, to enforce and de­ school's yearbook. She is a member of the what the people of one nation do-the fend the constitutional rights of your Jewish choices they make--the vision they hold out. citizens to the same extent you have done student council, interclub council, French It's our chance today, and your chance so in the case of other national and religious National Honor Society, French Club, tomorrow, to give a new dimension to the groups in the U.S.S.R. We call upon you to American Field Service Club, pep squad, American dream, a dimension which can recognize and to honor your pledge to sup­ Chemistry Club, and History Club. She change America and enable America to help port ~he international rights of man, as you has also served as a page in the Alabama change the world. have subscribed to them publicly many times Legislature for two sessions. As we make the American ideal of free­ in the :Past. I commend to all my colleagues her dom come true here at home, America will To prevent your Jewish citizens from a free speech on the theme "Freedom's Chal­ be able, by its example, to help bring a new exercise of Judaism, their age old faith­ freedom abroad-a freedom powered not by the maintenance of religious seminaries, the lenge," which follows: the force of arms, but by the power of ideas publication and distribution of prayer Three men entered a space capsule. They and the force of example. books, the production and distribution of were to be the first in America's moon shot The world is waiting for that kind of a religious articles-violates your own solemn program. Sixty seconds and an electrical message, for that -kind of an idea, for that guarantees. To prevent your Jewish citizens spark later, Astronauts Grissom, White and kind of action. For it has become a world of from freely pursuing their national culture, Chaffee were dead. young nations, and young people, tired of the and to deny the rights of Jewish intellectuals A young man and his wife were riding old isms, wanting the material things of life to fully express themselves in their national down a Dallas avenue acknowledging the but also wanting something more. language--Yiddish-through books, nation­ admiration of their public. Three rifle shots That something more is what America has wide newspapers, schools and the theatre, later the vitality that was President John always meant to the world. And, if America will serve as a continual reminder of the Fitzgerald Kennedy no longer existed. ls to heal its spirit and find its soul again, violation of your own constitutional guaran­ A boy stepped out from behind a tree that something more is what America needs tees. To discriminate against your Jewish in a Vietnamese swamp. A shot rang out today. citizens in public life, to promote and nur­ and another American soldier lay dead. ture propaganda campaigns using anti­ It is these men and those thousands like semitic stereotypes, to encourage discrimina­ them who comprise the generation immedi­ An Appeal to the Council of Ministers of tory application of maximum penalties, only ately preceding ours. It is the unique quality brings the inequitable administration of of this and every previous generation in the the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics your constitution into sharper focus. history of this nation that they realized that freedom is not free. They have stood up for for an End to the Oppression of Its We respectfully and urgently request that every man's right to think and act as he you take proper cognizance of our statement Jewish Citizenry chooses. They have fought throughout the and take appropriate steps 'j;o reinstate with world td prove that nothing is at last sacred all speed the constitutional guarantees for but the freedom of the individual. They have HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI , 1 the benefit of your Jewish citizens. This wm ttied to make this land free and they have undoubtedly help eliminate the seeds of given this the greatest of all to our genera­ OF ILLINOIS racism and discrimination which still last, tion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and enhance the progress of all of the peo­ This concept of the American heritage is Monday, March 11, 1968 ples of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ reminiscent of the story concerning the old publics. man on his solitary journey through the Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently Res~tfully, woods. He comes to a deep chasm in his it was my privilege to particiJ?ate in a ---I ---. path yet crosses it easily, but he turns on 6074 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 reaching the other side and builds a bridge. ald, Latin American Correspondent Wil­ cessor. Plaza was elected this month on an A fellow traveler asks him why he should liam Montalbano reported on his inter­ unprecedented fifth ballot. do such a thing when he will never again view of Dr. Mora, who has some A former University of California quar­ have the opportunity to take advantage of it. terback who speaks accentless colloquial The old man answered that he saw a young provocative observations on the future English, Plaza is expected to improve the man following him and realizes that he may of the Organization of American States. image of the OAS. He is also with U.S. sup­ have difficulty in crossing this chasm. He is Mr. Speaker, I commend this article to port, expected to have a freer rein for ac­ building the bridge for him. This bridg~ the attention of our colleagues, since I tion than Mora enjoyed. is the American heritage. believe what Dr. Mora had to say should Mora feels greater responsibility will in­ We have accepted this gift but not the be given careful consideration: evitably fall to the post of OAS secretary responsib111ty which necessarily goes along MORA URGES; "FREE NEW OAS LEADER" general. with it. We have crossed freedom's bridge but "The secretary general needs greater au­ have not turned on reaching the other side (By William Montalbano) thori ty for more jobs; especially in peace in order to build those bridges which the Dr. Jose A. Mora, retiring secretary-gen­ and security. The mechanisms are estab­ generations of Americans future so desper­ eral of the Organization of American States lished and in the future he will have more ately need. We have taken our heritage with (OAS), has called on hemisphere govern­ possib111ties of taking action quicker," he no strings attached. This cannot be done. If ments to ·allow his successor greater freedom said. we are to maintain our precious liberty, we of action. Mora dismisses charges the OAS still must say as John Kennedy did, "I do not Mora, who leaves office in May after 12 exists primarily to satisfy the U.S. shrink from this responsibility, I welcome years as OAS chie.f executive, said in an in­ "I have a great respect for the American it". terview with The Herald that he believes states. I am sure they wouldn't be in the We have to be able to stand up on our the responsibilities of the secretary-general organization today if it were an 'American own two feet and declare to all the world this need to grow as the OAS matures. Ministry of Colonization.'" ts my country. May she always be in the "People say the secretary-general needs "The rules of the game are changing. They right, but my country right or wrong. There more power. But the question should be are more decent today. People tend to forget is no other alternative. Our generation has phrased: How can we make better utiliza­ how it was in the beginning of the century. been blessed with a greater heritage than tion of the secretary-general? Political power When the Marines went into Nicaragua then any other generation in the history of the does not lie with the secretary-general, but they stayed 20 years. When they went into world-liberty. We must preserve it a.t all with the OAS Oouncil," Mora said. Santo Domingo in 1965 the OAS played a costs. The American freedom is the hope of Each voting OAS member-21 Latin Amer­ major role in the peace-keeping and they the world and it is our responsib111ty and ican nations and the U.S.-has a single vote were withdrawn in a year. ours alone to keep it alive. in the council, where a two-thirds majority "We must recognize that the OAS is a very This is our challenge. We will not be able is required for action. peculiar organization. We have the richest to accept it if we stand silently at a foot­ "The secretary-general can do only what country in the world and very poor countries ball game while our national anthem is being the member governments vote by majority sitting at the same table. The OAS has to played. If we watch Red Skelton portray an to do. It is a very delicate proposition. If conciliate the different interests. old man at a parade and see him cry when there is no consensus, it is difficult to act. "In order to obtain the solution it would his flag goes past and our hearts do not swell This is the frustration of the secretary­ like on a certain matter, the U.S. needs a up inside us until they almost burst, then general. lot of votes. And not every majority is an we are not prepared to take an active part "And when there is no consensus, it is easy one." in this country's affairs. sometimes the secretary-general who is In Mora's view, a U.S. attempt to impose its We will be able to accept freedom's chal­ blamed," Mora said with a wry grin. will on an unpopular measure in the OAS lenge if and only if we can pledge that Mora was in Miami to dedicate a bridge today would result in grave-and perhaps whether America's future shall have war or at the Interama site. He returned to Wash­ fatal--damage to the inter-American system. peace, it shall have freedom and take this ington Saturday. "The Latin countries are conscious that pledge we shall. A dapper 70-year-old Uruguayan who has they need the OAS. And the U.S. needs the been a diplomat on one level or another OAS today as much as Latin America," Mora since 1926, Mora has been accused of being said. a weak chief executive, a charming but in­ "Once of our main tasks has been to in­ Dr. Jose A. Mora Urges Greater Freedom effectual figurehead unwilling to act firmly. troduce integration. The governments and Part of the problem is in the nature of people of Latin America are realizing they of Action for His Successor the job, which places the secretary-general can't live alone; that policy doesn't end at in the middle between the Latins on one the national frontier. side and the U.S. on the other. "Countries little by little are accepting HON. DANTE B. FASCELL Then, too, there is the fact that for most restrictions on their sovereignty for the com­ OF FLORIDA of its early years-the OAS was formed in mon good, that they wouldn't have dreamed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1948-only the smaller Latin American coun­ possible a few years ago." tries wanted the organization to be any­ Monday, February 26, 1968 Mora's term has spanned the creation of thing more than ceremonial. the All1ance for Progress, the Communist Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, in May of In fact, if not in name, the OAS initially takeover in Cuba and the civil war in the this year Dr. Jose A. Mora will retire as was merely an extension of U.S. foreign Dominican Republic, where he was instru­ Secretary General of the Organization policy and a convenient forum in which mental in arranging a ceasefire and which of American States, a position he has decisions taken unilaterally by the U.S. he regards as the organization's single great­ could be ratified and "legitimized." est success during his administration. held for the past 12 years. Raul Roa, foreign minister of the Fidel "We established contact with both sides in Dr. Mora's tenure has witnessed the Castro regime, once termed the OAS "the Santo Domingo and saved the situation when emergence of the OAS as a viable orga­ American Ministry of Colonization." many people thought it was impossible." nization from one that had previously This began to change in 1961 with the Plaza and Mora have been friends since been ceremonial. His leadership and skill creation of such development agencies as 1946, when Plaza was Ecuadorean ambassa­ have substantially contributed to the the Alliance for Progress and the Inter­ dor to Washington and Mora represented growth and maturity of the OAS. Dr. American Bank. The OAS was given re­ Uruguay there. Mora is due a great vote of appreciation sponsibility for administering development Mora's position in the recent balloting for by all those who believe in a fight for programs and what has been called a secretary general was studiously neutral, but "Latinization" of the organization began. he is close to the Uruguayan government, unity and strength in the Western Since Mora took ,office in 1956 to fill an which supported Plaza in all five ballots. Hemisphere. unexpired term-he was reelected to a full "I am confident Plaza will be a great sec­ Starting in 1961 with the creation of 10-year term beginning in 1958-the an­ retary general. There is a tremendous oppor­ such agencies as the Alliance for Prog­ nual OAS budget has grown from $3 mil­ turu.ty to develop the OAS and accomplish ress and the Inter-American Develop­ lion to $17 million plus a special fund of larger tasks." ment Bank, the Organization became $10 m1llion. Mora is enormously pleased with the agree­ more representative of the entire hem­ The changing U.S. position toward the ment reached last week in Maracay, Vene­ isphere through its responsibility for organization is that the OAS should be a zuela, to establish a $25 million fund to administering development programs. stronger force for hemispheric decision and foster educational and scientific develop­ should be administered by a strong chief ment in Latin America under the auspices All nations have been encouraged to executive. of the OAS. participate as full partners with the It was for this reason it supported Galo "This completes a great era of change that duties and obligations that accompany Plaza, a former president of Ecuador and began in 1961. Our main concern is the de­ such a commitment. United Nations troubleshooter highly re­ velopment of Latin America-in all fields. In a recent article in the Miami Her- garded in the hemisphere, as Mora's sue- Education and science are the latest. Mar ch 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6075 "We must ... dedicate the OAS to the with a burgeoning school enrollment has perienced staff and the need of a gen­ political development of the Americas. Our created a critical shortage in the teach­ economic and social and technical plans are eration of highly capable professors to no good if the politicians don't understand< ing profession at the college level. And, if use their skills in teaching and research. them. current forecasts are accurate, the situa­ I respectfully urge its passage. "We must form political leaders with a tion is not likely to grow any better in the vision of development. Too often proJects are near future. frustrated by politicians who then complain Currently there are somewhat more the Alliance for Progress is not working. than 6 million students enrolled in in­ The Four Chaplains Award: Chaplain "What we need are parties who will take 'Development' and carry it as a political stitutions of higher education; it is esti­ Robert L. Reiner banner." mated that by 1975 there will be a total number of nearly 9 million. This means that by 1975 the total demand for full­ HON. THEODORE R. KUPFERMAN Congressman Claude Pepper Introduces time equivalent staff will be more than OF NEW YORK 454,00-0 men and women-an increase of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Legislation To Encourage Retired Pro­ nearly 150,000 over today's levels. Find­ fessors To Return to the University­ ing this manpower is going to be n. major Monday, March 11, 1968 problem for college and university ad­ Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, each An Amendment to the Higher Education ministrators in the years to come. While year, the Chaplain Alexander D. Goode­ Act of 1965 a difficult dilemma, it is not one which Ben Goldman Lodge, B'nai B'rith, lo­ need be insurmountable. cated in the heart of my district at 527 At least a partial solution to the prob­ Lexington Avenue, presents the "Four HON. CLAUDE PEPPER lem can be found in encouraging the Chaplains Award" to a chaplain in each OF FLORIDA many able and talented retired profes­ service who, in the words of the past IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sors in the country to return to their chapter president, Mr. Herbert Drexler, Monday, March 11, 1968 classrooms and laboratories. An untold "has best personified the act of brother­ number of these men and women are hood and sacrifice performed by the four Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, we are all chaplains who died in the sinking of the concerned with the problems and prog­ forced into a premature retirement-­ simply because the calendar says they SS Dorchester during World War II." ress of education in our colleges and uni­ This award is known and highly prized versities. Our history of dedication to a are "too old." They are condemned to spend their last years in unproductive by chaplains of all faiths in the military fine system of higher education in this forces. The award serves as an inspira­ country has laid the foundations for the and unwanted idleness. Such waste is unconscionable, espe­ tion for all chaplains to continue their strong and proud nation we have today efforts toward the ideals for which the and holds out the promise of future cially at a time when our national man­ power is suffering such a tremendous award was created, and thus promote greatness. But, we cannot rest on our brotherhood and patriotism. achievements; we must continually strive drain from the war effort. We cannot towards goals for tomorrow, always seek­ ever afford such enormous extravagance The last recipient of this award was ing to improve what we have created, in use of human resources. Chaplain Robert Louis Reiner, the first for as John Galsworthy once noted, "If The years required to educate re­ U.S. Navy Chaplain of the Jewish faith you do not think about the future, you placements for these men and women, to serve with the U.S. Marines in South cannot have one." the experience which their combined Vietnam. Planning for tomorrow is a critical years of teaching off er, the tragedy of It reads: aspect of higher education. In recent talents unused-all are factors which Presented to Chaplain Robert L. Reiner years, Federal legislation has made an call for a prompt draft of such indi­ for distinguished service in the field of inter­ important contribution both to that viduals and their immediate return to faith relations. planning and to its implementation. I the universities, colleges, and junior col­ Chaplain Reiner's biography follows: have been proud to support mch legis­ leges of our country. Chaplain Robert L. Reiner, Lt., CHC, USNR, lation during my years in Congress, and By setting up a program of grants to serves on the staff of the Commandant of I have viewed with satisfaction the re­ attract retired professors to teach or the Third Naval District. He is attached to sults of our efforts. We have accom­ conduct research at developing and the office of the District Chaplain, 90 Church plished much. The National Defense rapidly growing institutions of higher Street, New York City. Education Act, the Higher Education Fa­ learning, this bill would serve as an im­ He recently returned from thirteen months duty in South Viet Nam where he was at­ cilities Act, and the Higher Education petus to that draft. It would underline tached to the 3rd Marine Division. He was Act are milestones on the road to excel­ our concern with the critical staffing the first U.S. Navy Chaplain of the Jewish lence in higher education. They have problems faced on campuses all over the faith to serve with the U.S. Marines in South benefited thousands of students by en­ country, and it would help administra­ Viet Nam. As a circuit riding chaplain he abling them to pursue their studies in tors to take action on them. These grants traveled more than 10,000 miles providing the sciences, in literature, and in educa­ would help colleges and universities, Jewish religious services for all Jewish per­ tion. strapped by the demands on their sonnel in the I Corps Area. This northern sec­ financial resources for expansion at all tor south of the Demilitarized Zone included As a result of this and other legislation Hue-Phu Bai, Da Nang, Chu Lai, and Quang we have hundreds of teachers and pro­ levels, to secure competent and enthu­ Ngai. Prior to serving in South Viet Nam, fessional people who might otherwise not siastic staff. Talent and a sincere desire Chaplain Reiner was attached to the Dis­ even have attended college. Support of to teach are necessary prerequisites for trict Chaplain's Office, Fifth Naval District, higher education activities has indeed teachers of any age, and these would en­ Norfolk, Va. been a worthy endeavor of Congress-an courage teachers with such attributes to Chaplain Reiner is a native of the state endeavor which I have been privileged continue their professions. of Washington, and a graduate of the Uni­ to share. The difficulty of securing adequate versity of Washington, Seattle, Washington. He also attended the Hebrew University, Je­ However, there remains much to be funds to pay a high-level staff has in rusalem, Israel. He was ordained as a Rabbi done. Today it is my pleasure to intro­ recent years been a major hurdle for at the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, duce-as H.R. 15858-an amendment to developing and rapidly growing institu­ Ohio. He also received a Bachelor of Hebrew the Higher Education Act of 1965. By au­ tions. They must compete with their sis­ Letters and a Master of Arts in Hebrew Let­ thorizing a program of individual grants, ter schools not only for staff, but to at­ ters from the Hebrew Union College. this bill would encourage retired profes­ tract students, develop curriculum and He has served pulpits in Youngstown, Ohio, sors to conduct research or teach at de­ obtain needed construction funds. All of Ashland, Ky., < Walla Walla, Washington, veloping and rapidly growing institutions these take money, and in a field as vital to Pueblo, Colo., West Point, Ga., and Jasper, of higher learning. Enabling these men our national well-being as higher educa­ Ala. He is a member of Seattle Lodge #503, B'nai B'rith, and Aberdeen Lodge #52 of F. and women to continue their careers is of tion, all areas deserve priority in & A.M. (Masonic Lodge). vital importance to this Nation if we are spending. ms affiliations at the University of Wash­ to achieve excellence in higher education. For that reason, this bill provides an ington included: Sigma Alpha Mu, social The rapid growth of institutions of economic solution to a dual problem­ fraternity, president of Alpha Phi Omega, a higher learning in recent years coupled the need of institutions for trained, ex- national service fraternity and honorary com- 6076 EXTENSIONS OF · REMAR~S March 11, 1968 posed of former . Boy Scouts, Hillel Student which Will authorize aircraft noise abate- This .congregation, which through its two Council, Purple Shield, and underclassman's ment regulations. · constituent units, viz. the Men's Club and activities and scholastic honorary, and Busi­ the Sisterhood conduct Bingo, heartily ap­ ness Manager of_Campus Chest, an all uni­ The President has shown us the course, proves and endorses your bill H.R. 13171. versity charity drive, Chairman, Campus Di­ now we must enact the legislation to SAMUEL HOFFMAN, vision of Jewish Welfare Fund Drive, Reli­ serve our people. YMHA-YWHA Cong. Mishkan Israel­ gious and Cultural Chairman of B'nai B'rtth Linas Hazedek of Jamaica. Hillel Foundation, a religious and social orga­ JAMAICA, N.Y. nization for Jewish college students. He also attended Brandeis Camp Institute, Santa Bingo Notices Please be advised that this organization Susa, Calif. His Service Decorations and Cita­ is in full support of your b111. If we can be tions also include: Presidential Unit Cita­ of any assistance, please let us know. tion; Viet Nam Campaign; Viet Nam Service HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER ANGELO J. LmRIZZI, Award and National Defense Ribbon. Co-Chairman, Bingo Committee, Rocka­ OF NEW YORK way Council No. 2672, Knights of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Columbus. ~Monday, March 11, 1968 ROCKAWAY BEACH, LONG ISLAND. Let Us Move Forward To Lower Noise Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, earlier in ... we must fully agree with the intent Levels for the Population this session, I introduced H.R. 13171, leg­ of this bill which could aid us in raising the islation which would permit the malling, funds needed to provide services -not ren­ by nonprofit organizations, as third class dered by the city, state or federal govern­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER ment for the mentally retarded. We intend ·mall, notices of bingo in States where to rouse support for this legislation among OF NEW YORK such contests are lawful. legislators, our parents and friends and from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is unfair that churches and charit­ other organizations similar to ours who are Monday, March 11, 1968 able organizations cannot use their ordi­ affected. IDA RAPPAPORT, Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ad­ nary bulletins to report on their own Executive Director, Association for Chil­ dress myself to the .increasing crescendo fund-raising activities when horse and dren with Retarded Mental Develop­ of noise that has accompanied our ad­ dog race tracks may advertise in news- - ment, Inc. vancing technology, and ii) support of papers whi-ch are mailed ~t reduced NEWYORK,N.Y. -the President's proposals to combat what rates. I wish to advise that I am in full con­ 1s being described as "noise pollution." I would like to read into the RECORD currence with your Bill, H.R. 13171, which I have urged privately and publicly a sample of some comments I have re­ wm allow the mails to be used for circulars that some means of control or supervi­ ceived from charitable organizations and pamphlets concerning Bingo. sion must be exercised over the ever­ about H.R. 13171: JULIUS ALTSCHULER, increasing noise problem that is attack- President, Temple Sholom. We most .heartily endorse your action FLORAL PARK, N.Y. . ing Americans today. . taken in behalf·of Bill #13171 regarding Bin­ The President has turned his attention go which would permit charitable organiza­ to this menace by urging Congress to act tions to use 3rd class mail to adverti~e their on some form of noise abatement legis­ Bingo nig:hts." lation. The bill is in, now it is up to us rto JOELEIGER, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1968 Shellbank Jewish Center. act. BROOKLYN, N.Y. In the quid pro quo of advancement, HON!' WILLIAM D. FORD . you often gain faster transportation We wholeheartedly support your legisla­ OF MICHIGAN methods but give up tranquility and tion ·with ref.ei'ence to allowing the use of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peace around large cities and their air­ notices for Bingo to go through the third ports. class mail. Monday, M'arch 11, 1968 It wouid be indefensible for me to at­ JULIAN STEUER, Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, tack aircraft as the only noise :polluters President, Flushing JewiSh Center. the Safe Drinking water Act of 1968, of the century, when our cities have be­ FLUSHING, N.Y. .recommended to us by President Johnson come a veritable .factory of noise. I do We congratulate you on your just. and in his conservation message today, would believe aircraft noise abatement must forthright appeal for legal' Bingo publicity authorize three important steps in our come first. and advertising. efforts to protect the health of Ameri­ As we build larger and faster transport Rev. STEPHEN C. SCHUBERT, cans. planes, larger and more powerful engines Pastor, St. Mary's Rectory. Under terms of the President's pro- are needed to lift the weight from run­ WOOD$IDE, N.Y. . . ,posal; the Secretary of Health, Educa­ ways. The ratio of power to -noise seems On behalf of the 1,000 members of the tion, and Welfare would receive stronger West End Auxiliary, of the Peninsula Gen­ to increase algebraically in favor of noise. eral Hospital, I want you to know that we authority to, first, develop, adopt, and The President's interest in noise pol­ support the passage of legislation H.R. enforce improved standards relating to lution and the serious need for abate­ 13171. . chemical contaminants in drinking ment comes at a time when many resi­ Mr. liABoLD R. ROBERTS, water; second, conduct a comprehensive dents of areas near our Nation's airports President, West End Auxiliary, Peninsu­ study of the safety of public drinking are literally begging for relief. . la General Hospital. water supplies in this country; and, third, In sonie respects, technology has out­ EDGEMERE, N.Y. determine whether any further steps performed itself. We have the power and are needed to insure supplies of safe the thrust, but we have not found a way The officers and members of the J. W. Per­ drinking water. son Post do hereby submit their signatures As to reduce the noise and maintain the in sup,port of the legislation H.R. 13171. the President points out, many -power. I am aware that research projects VICTOR V. ALLEGRETTI, Americans give little thought to the are presently engaged searching foi: ways Commander. safety of the water they drink, But the and means of reducing noise while at S. JOSEPH ScOONAMILLO, water they drink is not always as safe as the same time retaining the power of Corresponding Adfutant J. W. Person it should be. the engines. The results are coming slow. Post 14, American Legion. In fact, about 30 percent of the public I am confident that the technology KINGS COUNTY, N.Y. drinking water systems in this country which has brought us to where we are fall below the Federal standards main­ today will develop a quiet and. powerful The Board of Directors of Queens Child tained for drinking water. Guidance Center welcomes and supports the engine, but until that time we must act leglsla'j;ion you introduced on the ma111ng Mr. Speaker, I believe ·the problem to to prevent the ·noise irritant from .af- , of Bingo information. which the President calls our attention fecting more people. · . HOWARD D. STAVE, is a critical one. I support his request Mr. Speaker, I urge.my colleagues here President, Queens Child Guidance Center. for the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1966, today to join ii! support of legislation JAMA'I.CA, N.Y. and I urge the Congress to approve it. March 11, 1968 ,EXTENSIONS OJ; REMARKS 6077 India Begins a Long March From Famine farm had to take priority over building more which it is a part, normally grows enough steel mills. rice ( ~lmost 4 mlllion tons) to take care of to Self-Sufficiency The situation India faced was this: Most Madras! nee~s. with a portion left over for of its 50 million farmers have very small shipI!lent to other regions. Though Tanjore holdings ( 92 p¢ of them own less than had been a package district since 1960, it was HON. DONALD M. FRASER two acres each), are largely illlterate and the decision to try ADT-27 there that cata­ OF MINNESOTA have the. traditional rural suspicion of new­ pulted the area into Indian agricultural his­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fangled seed and farming methods. They are tory. The hybrid seed, a cross between a local often in parts of the country serviced by variety and a Japanese strain, was the prod­ Monday, March 11, 1968 poor roads and are thus difficult for govern­ uct of 11 years of research at Madras's Aduth­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in January, ment extension workers to reach and per­ urai experimental station (from which it got suade. Money for chemical fertllizers was not the designation ADT). along, with Representative PETER H. B. something they had lying around, and grain The new seed, which grows well even un- FRELINGHUYSEN, I was privileged to visit prices were too low to warrant going into , der poor conditions, matures in about 105 India as chairman of a congressional del­ hock with the local moneylender in order days, in contrast to the 180 days required by egation from the House Foreign Affairs to finance fertilizer or pesticide purchases. the seed traditionally used by Tanjore _farm­ Committee. Like his hard-bitten Yankee counterpart of ers. It does not need as much fertillzer or While in India, we visited the Tajore the -past, the Indian farmer was going to technical know-how as some other varieties have to be convinced if food production was in order to thrive, and its taste, often a stick­ district of Madras State, an important ing point in India, ls acceptable to local con­ rice-growing area. There we saw the in­ to be accelerated. And moreover, grain prices would have to rise. - sumers. Equally important, the yield from tensive agricultural development pro­ - In 1960, the Indian Government, with the ADT-27 ls up to four times as great as that gram under which the Agency for ·Inter­ help of Ford Foundation specialists, began obtained from the old variety. Tanjore had national Development, the Ford Founda­ its "package district" program. The package­ another asset: a gritty, determined project tion, and the Government of India are dlstrict idea was f?imple; The only way to director named Moollyil Mukundan. Back­ cooperating in a package program to pro­ encourage the kind of dramatic agricultural stopped by Ford Foundation consultants, Mu­ advances India's circumstances demanded kundan and a staff of 750 "village workers" vide farmers with all of the factors trained in a short crash program fanned out needed for a major advance in food pro­ was to funnel all of the services, seed and expertise called for into seven wheat- and in the district to persuade, cajole, entreat a duction. rice-growing areas carefully selected because portion of the district's farmers to try the The story of the dramatic results of of their favorable cllmatic conditions and new seed. Mukundan and his assistants tried this effort is told in a feature article in energetic cultivators. The aim was to provide to make the risks minimal. "We studied the March 19 issue of Look magazine. these farmers with everything they needed weather conditions for the last 16 years," he The article was written by senior editor for a major advance. Low-interest loans were said. "We did the same for humidity, maxi­ Ernest Dunbar. given to enable farmers to buy equipment, mum and minimum temperatures, hours of pesticides, fertllizer8 and seed, which were sunshine and volume of rainfall." Since so many news articles about for­ shoveled into cooperatives within ox-cart In 1965, the new seed was demonstrated eign aid seem to feature what has gone reach ·of most farms. A battallon of technical on 5,000 acres. In 1966, the area was increased wrong, it is a particular pleasure to in­ advisers biked and bused over the country­ to 200,000 acres; and in 1967, it jumped to clude in the RECORD this story of real side, providing answers for those who needed 600,000. accomplishment: them and running checks on the progress of Last year, moving ahead, Mukundan en­ the program. couraged Tanjore's farmers to make a change INDlA BEGINS A LONG MARCH FROM FAMINE in their centuries-old cropping pattern. He TO SELF-SUFFICIENCY "We felt that if farmers in nearby districts could actually see the kind of payoff these asked them to risk sowing ADT-27 on a The magnitude of' India's problems is advanced methods could bring, they'd come double-cropping basis. "By now, the cultiva­ enough to shake the staunchest believer in around quickly enough," said one Delhi tors have faith in us," . he says, "and we man's abUlty to control his destiny. In that cabinet minister. . never make people feel we're pushing them congested Asian subcontinent, a third the But the timing proved premature. Too into ·anything." Over the course of four size of the United States, more than half llttle was known about the son conditions, months, farmers were brought together in a billlon people jostle for survival. Increas­ and the kind of seed initially furnished did batches for two-day training sessions. A farm ing at the rate of more than a million:m?uths not produce markedly improved 'yields. More program planned for each man told him how a month, India's peoples have long been as­ important, though the government set up much seed he would need, the amount. and saulted by poverty. The most recent catas­ price supports for grain, they were still not proportion of fertilizer, pesticides, with credit trophe, two successive years of record attractive enough to stimulate the extra arranged so that he could buy them. In those drought, brought a proud race to the vertig­ effort needed from farmers. four months, 200,000 farmers were trained. inous edge of famine. Now, spurred by the Then came a series of events that may At times breaking through copious bureau­ specter of megadeaths, India has begun an touch off a riew era in Indian agriculture. cratic snarls, Mukundan and his fellow work· agricultural upheaval that may take this Because orsevere droughts in 1965 and 1966, ers got the material to the places where it populous nation out of the shadow of star­ grain prices rose, inducing even the most was needed. - vation and, ultimately, through a technolog­ conservative cultivators to search for better The result, with that big assist from last ical breakthrough, to an adequate diet for ways of growing more food. At the end of fall's excellent monsoon rains, was a three all its people. 1965, a resolute Indian Government an­ fold rise in the area under ADT-27 cultivation India's food miracle began with a sign no nounced that it had set 1971 as the target and, with the double-cropping, a sharp net bigger than a grain of rice, the food that ls for "self-sufficiency" in food, and significantly increase in rice yield of some 450,000 tons, the staple diet for a majority of· its people. increased its investment in agricultural the equivalent of five percent of India's total Though India contains a third of the world's projects. Another major lift came from food-grain gap in 1966-67. area under rice production and produces 31 India's own experimental agricultural insti­ Mukundan, scoffs at the idea that Tan­ percent of the global rice output, its average tutes, which raced to develop new strains of jore's farmers . are resisting change. "Tradi­ yield per acre ls among the lowest. Its 600 high-yield seed that would mature in less tion does not stand in our way here,'' he pounds per acre compare dismally with time (thus allowing two, possibly even three, argues. "The difficulty now is providing Spain's 3,230 pounds, Japan's 2,250 pounds crops a year) and would be disease-resistant. - enough seed and-fert111zer for all the farmers or the 3,100 pounds per acre output of One result of these experiments was a who want it." Italy. Primitive farming methods (like sun­ hybrid rice seed called ADT-27 that delighted While the prospect of a bumper crop was drying rice on roads) , an unpredictable farmers and officials allke last fall by en­ still a gleam in the eyes of local farmers, na­ climate and a shortage of arable land abling growers in one package district, Tan­ tional and state government officials realized kept food bowls low and anxieties high. jore, to triple the size of their rabi (spring) that the huge harvest would present un­ While the U.S. could be looked to for wheat crop. The elements of that success story are precedented problems. Paddy (as unmilled aid, it does not grow enough rice to spare. a combination of determination, hard rice is termed) must be dried within .a short With population figures relentlessly bounc­ work-and a magnificent assist by the time after harvesting, or it germinates and ing upward, Indian authorities had to some­ weather. becomes undesirable for human consump­ how shock the nation's rice production out Tanjore is a Puerto Rico-sized district lo­ tion. The traditional Tanjore practice of of its doldrums or face disaster. cated near the southern tip of India in placing paddy on the roads to sun-dry would In the first blush of independence from Madras State, long known as the "rice bowl have been inadequate because of the enor­ Britain 21 years ago, India's economic plan­ of India." Situated in the steamy Cauvery mous yield-three times the usual crop-and ners had slighted agriculture, deciding in­ River delta, the district ls a vast sea of rip­ because the grain was to be harvested during stead to devote a major porti-on of their na­ pling green rice shoot&. Much of Tanjore 1s the monsoon rains. With only about 40 per­ tion's energies and limited financial resources watered by an extensive irrigation system, cent of the crop to be consumed locally, gov­ to industrial expansion. After several crop parts of which are as much as 900 years old. ernment ofilciais at all levels realized tbey'd failures and the widening of the gap be­ There are as many acres of rice under culti­ have to pool their r~sources if the paddy was tween produce and people, the New Delhi vation in the district (1 Y2 million) as in all to be dried, stored and shipped out fast government decided that success on the of the United States; anti Madras State, of eP-ugh. In what became a remarkable ex- 6078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 ample of Indian intergovernmental team­ tralia. Under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, FOURTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, work, trucks and railroad cars were mar­ the nation's lagging population-control pro­ Washington, D.O., March 1968. shaled from various parts of the county and gram has moved ahead in the last year with DEAR FRIENDS: The following letter was funneled into the Tanjore district to carry new determination and a heal.thy step-up written by a young Navy Lieutenant who at­ away the marketable surplus. Even more in government funds. The man who directs tended Fourth Presbyterian Church regu­ spectacularly, in four months, the govern­ the drive is spirited, chain-smoking Dr. larly last August when he was assigned here ment rushed through the construction of Sripati Ohandrasekhar, a U.S.-educated for special studies before going to Viet Nam. some 20 mechanical drying centers to cut demographer. The official goal is to cut the So anxious was he to get to the church, hav­ paddy spoilage to a minimum. country's birthrate from its present 41 per ing previously heard about it, that he walked Tanjore's success with its "miracle seed" thousand to 25 by 1975. (Dr. Chandrasekha.r from Wisconsin Avenue, a distance of 3 miles, and its double-cropping innovation is not vows he'll make Lt 20.) the first Sunday he came. the only advance in the Indian food struggle. "We are using what I call 'a cafeteria ap­ The letter impressed me as a real Macedo­ Still more impressive wheat-crop yields have proach' to family planning," he says, "offer­ nian call to prayer, therefore, I am duplicat­ been scored in the Punjab, northern India's ing the 'loop,' or intrauterine device, the ing it and sending it to you urging you to wheat-producing region. In Punjab's Lud­ pill, condoms, vasectomies [male steriliza­ do likewise in the hope that it may reach, as hiana (like Tanjore, a package district re­ tion surgery] and tubectomies (the female he wishes, a million Christians. ceiving a variety of special agricultural serv­ sterilization operation]." God bless you. ices) , a new seed, bred by crossing fl, local To get the word into every corner of India's RICHARD C. HALVERSON. strain with a Mexican variety, has resulted in 500,000 villages, where 80 percent of the a dwarf wheat that can absorb generous people live, the health ministry has fielded FEBRUARY 26, 1968. amounts of fertilizer without "lodging" (fall­ a formidable array of persuaders. The red DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN CHRIST: This ing over), as did the area's traditional wheat. triangle, symbol of family planning, is seen unusual method of communication is being The new high-yielding strain has enabled everywhere. Slogans urging birth control are used because of the urgency of the situation. Punjabi farmers to reap crops more than pasted on walls, threaded into radio pro­ Some of you don't even know me personally double those of only four years ago. The grams, shouted from loudspeakers atop prop­ although we have corresponded. For you, I changeover has been dramatic. In Ludhiana aganda trucks, insistently pushed in rural am a Navy lieutenant stationed in Saigon alone, farmers who planted 20,000 acres in dispensaries. At first, the emphasis was on since 10 October, converted to faith in Christ the new wheat last year will plant 200,000 the "loop," but in the wake of complications 3 Y2 years ago. acres in 1968. that slowed down the acceptance of this de­ As you know these are times of great crisis The two successive droughts of 1965 and vice by women, the stress has now shifted and turmoil in Vietnam. Much destruction 1966 masked the beginnings of the Indian to male sterilization. and killing has occurred. The number of agricultural transformation. But with the After a vasectomy, which is performed in homeless refugees is in the thousands. There highly favorable rains of last year, the evi­ about 15 minutes, the patient walks away are much greater needs in this country today dence of the nation's food effort is now be­ and can usually return to work after a day's than existed even a month ago. My informa­ coming visible. rest. The female operation, more compli­ tion is extremely limited. The lines of com­ The recent bumper grain crop, according cated, requires up to ten days' hospitaliza­ munication throughout the country are to estimates, totals more than 100 million tion. So far, about 90 percent of the opera­ sketchy at best. From my scant knowledge of tons. India's previous high had been 89 mil­ tions have been performed on men. In most the situation, I know of one Christian church lion tons in 1964. (The 1966-67 drought-af­ Indian states, those who undergo these op­ on the outskirts of town that was 70 percent fected harvest was only 75 million tons.) erations get time off and a payment of 20 destroyed. There are 100 in the congregation, Government officials now hope to be able to rupees-$2.60-which means a lot in a coun­ including children. A church with adjoining stockpile at least three million tons to build try where a peasant's workday brings about primary and junior high school just two up a reserve. But while such a reserve would 26 cents. blocks from my billet is housing about 200 help ease India's chronic shortages, it would The Indian Government has budgeted refugees, all of whom are Christians except only be about five percent of the country's ten times as much money for its family­ for one family. Many of them are homeless annual grain consumption, and could easily planning program in the next five years as it with nothing to their name except the clothes be wiped out by another drought. So the U.S., spent in the previous five, but a Himalayan­ they wear. Included in this group are 31 which last year furnished India with 6.1 mil­ sized task remains. Though 2,600,000 persons orphans. Up north a Christian and Mission­ lion of the 10 million tons of grain that had have been sterilized so far (the goal in 1968 ary Alliance leprosarium was destroyed, six to be imported, has already pledged to send is 1,500,000), there are about 100 million In­ U.S. missionaries killed and one wounded, 3.5 million tons in 1968 to help build up dian couples of reproductive age. and the lepers driven away. stocks. (The U.S. also had a bumper grain The U.S. Government and foundations are Being a Christian I believe that obstacles crop.) providing money, materials and research to are opportunities when Christ is involved. While the quantity of food available to help the Indian Government in its desperate Consequently I feel there has never been a India's millions is increasing, the quality of struggle against human inundation. India greater opportunity for the Christian witness it is something else again. The Indians' diet, must somehow match its farming revolution in Vi·etnam. The door of religious freedom is basically rice or wheat, ls woefully deficient with a successful effort to brake its runaway wide open. President Thieu, a Oatholic con­ in protein. Some vegetables are consumed, birthrate. If it can, its triumph will be with­ vert, is inter·ested in the welfare of the but such protein-rich foods as meat, poultry, out parallel in man's history. Christian church in Vietnam. because of the eggs, fish and milk are not part of the av­ good work it is doing in his country. The erage Indian's meal. The lack of protein biggest missionary effort in Vietnam, the shows up in a high infant-mortality rate, in Christian and Missionary Alliance Church, chronic illnesses and in a general lack of has 342 churches in-country, many in­ physical well-being. Letter From Vietnam digenous. Many other churches and orga­ Chidambr.a Subramaniam, an ex-food min­ nizations are represented and are working ister, now an official of India's ruling Con­ with the Vietnamese. Now they a.re all work­ gress party, has lamented: "The most tragic HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD ing to help alleviate the suffering of these aspect of protein hunger ls that it strikes OF WISCONSIN people, both Christians and heathen, and at the most vulnerable sector of the popUla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES restore or rebuild the church. And they are tton-the children. On the basis of my own doing a wonderful job, too. At the Interna­ state of Madras, where I was minister of Monday, March 11, 1968 tional Protestant Church in Saigon between education, it has been estimated that between Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, earlier this 11 and 17 February 100,000 piasters ($847.45) 35 and 40 percent of the children of India month, the pastor of the Fourth Presby­ was collected to help the needy Christians. hav.e suffered permanent brain damage by terian Church here in Washington, This is good but I feel that more important the time they reach school age because of . than money is the power Of prayer. Much protein deficiency. This means we are, in Richard C. Halverson, distributed a let­ prayer is required for specific needs in this effect, producing subhuman beings at the ter from a young Navy lieutenant in country. That is why I am writing to you, to rate of 35 million a year." Vietnam. The message contained in that solicit your prayers for Vietnam. I am asking As the peoples of India move vigorously to letter moved Reverend Halverson and a you to pray for all of the following: solve their hunger problem by growing more great many members of his congrega­ 1. God's protection for His children in food, they are hobbled by their propensity for Vietnam. growing people. Between 1950 and 1965, when tion, of which I am proud to be a mem­ ber. 2. The Vietnamese Christians will turn to the country's grain-production rate rose God for comfort and help. nearly 3 percent (about the same as that of Under unanimous consent, I include the U.S. then), the annual population in­ 3. That this situation will strengthen their the brief note from the Reverend Halver­ faith and trust in the Lord. crease was 2.5 percent. The two-year drought son to his congregation together with the erased even that slight edge. 4. The Vietnamese Christians would trust India's masses mul.tlply at the rate of full texit of the letter from Lt. Bob Jones the Lord to prepare them for whatever hap­ 55,000 mouths a day, and the annu91 lncrease in the RECORD at this point. The material pens, to offset the fatalistic influence of their is more than the total populatiou of Aus- referred to above follows: culture. March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6079 payments program to curb dollar outflows for 5 That the material needs Di' the people Inflation's Impact on U.S. Foreign Trade and churches would be met through God's direct investments, bank lending, and tour­ ism. As one means of shoring up the trade grace. 6. That the witness of the church under balance, the Administration has tentatively HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS proposed a "border tax" of 2 % to 3 % on these circumstances would draw unbelievers OF MISSOURI to faith in Christ. · imports, with a similar subsidy to exporters. 7. That the V.C. and Roi Chanhs (re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Washington is sounding out European capi­ turnees) would be turned to the saving Monday, March 11, 1968 tals on whether they will accept such a move, or alternative steps to bolster U.S. trade, knowledge of Christ. · without retaliating against U.S. exports. 8. That these Christians would accept Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, an article God's teachings of Matthews 5: 44, 45; entitled "The Threat to U.S. Trade" in I. FLOOD FROM ABROAD Proverbs 25: 12, 13 and 24: 17, 18. etc. the February 24, 1968, edition of Business Imports showed a substantial increase last God's word is so full of promises about Week magazine explores the effect on year-around 5%, to a total of $26.8-billion­ prayer. I believe He can do more through the imports of continuing domestic inflation. even though the U.S. economy was running believing prayers of His saints than can be This is a very serious problem, as in low gear through much of 1967. This year, done by all the government and private re­ a diminishing trade surplus will affect it is feared that imports will jump by 8% lief programs that this and the rest of the adversely our balance of payments which or more. countries of the free world can mount. is already badly in deft.cit. Increased im­ Detroit auto makers, for example, had ex­ Of course, if while you are in prayer about pected car imports would run around 700,000 this the Lord should lay it on your heart to ports are a natural result of domestic in­ last year. The actual figure was much want to do more than pray. I would like to flation, the key cause of which is Federal higher-766,000. Now Chrysler Chairman suggest some people that you could com­ Government deft.cit spending. Lynn A. Townsend predicts that 800,000 for­ municate with. These are only the ones I The article referred to follows: eign cars will be sold in the U.S. this year. know about, but your chuTch may know of THE THREAT TO U.S. TRADE Privately, other auto makers say this fore­ others: cast may be on the low side. In the fourth (NoTE.-Imports have been climbing fast quarter last year, auto imports made a Rev. Gordon R. Cathey, Christian and Mis­ lately and trimming the nation's surplus in sionary Alliance, APO San Francisco, Oalif. startling jump, from $317-mUlion in the third international trade. This poses another prob­ quarter to $532-million in the final three 96243. Mr. Vern Betsch (of the Navigators), lem for the dollar's defense.) B. P. 94, Saigon, Viet Nam. Mr. David Stand­ months. Detroit doesn't know exactly why Inflation, the bugaboo that ls menacing imports are growing so fast, but purchases ing, Wycliffe Bible Translators, CORDS/REFI the domestic U.S. economy, also threatens SIL, APO San Franoisco 96243. by affluent two-car families are clearly a to squeeze the nation's vital trade surplus factor. Mr. Doug Cozart, World Vision, APO San in 1968. Francisco, Calif. 96243. LC'DR. Max C. Ellers, Steel inflow. A similar sharp upturn in The surplus is earned by American manu­ steel imports at the end of 1967 has steelmen CHC, USN, Box E, COMNAVFORV, APO San facturers, farmers, and other producers who Francisco 96214. Mr. Do Due Tri•, c/o Lt. worried. Says Edmund F. Martin, chairman sell more goods abroad than foreigners sell of Bethlehem Steep Corp. and of the Ameri­ R. D. Jones, USN, Box 7, U.S. NavAdvGru, to the U.S. This excess of exports over im­ APO San Francisco 96214. can Iron & Steel Institute: "This accelerat­ ports is the only big plus in the U.S. balance ing pace is likely to carry through at least Since none of these people ~re awa.re of of payments; it helps offset outflows for the first three quarters of 1968 and wlll un­ this letter let your communication be in the such things as tourism, military outlays and name of Christ and please keep mine out doubtedly lead to a total for the year far investment. above the 11.5-million tons Imported in of it. John 7: 18 But the surplus was a disappointing $4.1- 1967." I would like to include part of an article billion last year, compared with a peak of $7- Other steelmen forecast imports at 13- that appeared in the devotional, Our Daily billion in 1964. President Johnson, in an­ million to 15-milllon tons. At that rate, for­ Bread, published by the Radio Bible Class, nouncing his program to ease the dollar eign steel sales in this country may total which may speak to your heart as it did drain, predicted a $500-million improvement from $1.6-billion to $1.9-billion compared mine. "A little boy who lived in the slums in the trade surplus this year. But it is more with $1.3-billion last year. was brought to Christ by the workers in a likely that there will be some further shrink­ The outlook is similar for other categories Ioca.l mission. Not long afterward someone age to around $3.6-billion (chart). of imports. tried to shake the child's faith by saying, U.S. exports will continue to rise--ln fact, Higher levels of business activity will tend 'If God really loves you, why doesn't some­ they should get an extra lift from improved to fatten imports of industrial raw materials. body take better care of you? Why doesn't business conditions in some of the United A gain in plant and equipment spending He tell somebody to send you a better pair States' biggest trading partners, such as Ger­ could mean heftier imports of everything of shoes?' The boy thought for a moment many. But soaring demand for imports may from heavy machinery to office equipment. and then said, as tears rushed to his eyes. 'I more than offset any pickup in exports, Com­ Further gains in construction activity would guess He does tell somebody, and somebody merce officials fear. Such was the trend in mean more timber coming in from Canada. forgets!'" the final months of 1967, and preliminary The pickup in consumer spending promises If you believe this effort is in the Lord's figures for January don't show much im­ to bring in more radios and television sets, will, will you please: provement. clothing, footwear, toys, and other items. a. Send the extra copies of this letter to War. Of course, trade is volatile and can Fuel oil imports rose sharply in the final your Christian friends, if you received extra change swiftly under the impact of unfore­ months of 1967 as supply patterns returned copies, inviting them to pass it on to their seen events. The biggest unknown variable to normal following the Middle East war; friends. is Vietnam: A peace settlement or a slow­ this year, petroleum imports are expected to b. Show it to the pastor of your church down in the fighting could ease the demand climb higher stm. for imports and improve the U.S. trade out­ and ask him to: ll. CHANCES FOR EXPORTS ( 1) Inolude these prayer requests in the look dramatically; escalation could take an­ weekly prayer meeting. other bite out of the trade surplus. Exports also showed a substantial gain for (2) Use one collection to support needy The pressure of the war on the economy 1967 as a whole: up $1.5-b1111on, or about OhristJ.ans in Vietnam. is the main reason why the White House 5%, for a total of $30.9-billion. But while keeps urging a reluctant Congress to enact imports soared toward the end of the year, c. Pray that this information would reach a 10% income tax surcharge, in order to exports actually declined by $150-milllon in at least one million Christians by the end dampen demand. For the same reason, the the fourth quarter. of March. Federal Reserve is putting a rein on the Throughout the year, the slowdown in In his book, True Discipleship, William money supply. Western Europe's economies kept a damper MacDonald says: "The tragedy of much of "We must temper the rise in demands on U.S. exports. In addition, huge grain life today is the failure t.o appreciate our here,'' Federal Reserve Chairman William crops in Europe and other areas sent U.S. high calling. We are content t.o spend our Mcchesney Martin, Jr., told Congress last farm exports into a nosedive. Sales of U.S. years 'hugging the subordinate,' or 'major­ week, "in order to avoid surges in imports foodstuffs fell by 12%, despite rice ship­ ing in minors.' We creep instead of fly. We and to keep our exports competitive." ments to Vietnam. are slaves instead of kings. Few have the Strikes. There are other, special factors This year, U.S. agricultural exports should vision of claiming countries for Christ." squeezing the trade surplus. The marathon climb again. Overseas grain crops are likely Will you claim Vietnam for Jesus Christ strike at U.S. copper mines that began last to be somewhat smaller, and prices of such in prayer and faith? July has sent copper imports sky-high. Steel U.S. commodities as corn and soybeans look Yours in that blessed hope, users are buying more foreign steel as a more competitive. BOB JONES. hedge against a possible strike later this A business revival in the Common Market year. should also help U.S. exports of industrial *Mr. Tri is the head translator for Naval Whatever the causes, the danger is that products, ranging from chemicals and ma­ Forces Vietnam, a Chdstian for more than shrinkage in the U.S. trade sUl"plus will ofi­ chinery to jet aircraft. 40 years and very active in the Saigon Viet­ set some of the dollar savings that are ex­ The Common Market Commission is fore­ namese Christian churches. pected from the Administration's balance-of- casting a 4.5 % growth rate for the six-na- 6080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 11, 1968 tion bloc, compared with 2.6% last year. It ual Legionnaires, and their f1amilles, per­ requesting to know how many persons bases its optimism on signs of a solid re­ form valuable civic services every day of past 80 have served in the Congress of cover in Germany and pump priming in the year during peace, as well as war. the United States. The information that France and Belgium. Common Market im­ I have gathered in an effort to reply to ports are expected to grow 10% or more above Mrs. Elizabeth Bertram, a renowned last year's total of $30.6-billion; the U.S., poetess, of Templeton, Oalif ., has written such inquiries is by no means complete, which supplies about 20 % of the bloc's im­ a poem in recognition of these 49 years although I have had the emcient assist­ ports, should share in this expansion. of service to our country. As a member ance of researchers of the Library of outside the Common Market, the outlook of the American Legion, I commend it to Congress, but for what it is I am happy is dimmer. Britain's austerity program will everyone's reading and place it in the to pass it on to my colleagues and others pinch imports from the U.S. And the RECORD at this point: who may be interested. sterling devaluation-followed by devalua­ For forty-nine years, since the day you were The Honorable CARL HAYDEN, of Ari­ tions in Denmark, Spain, and other countries born, zona, is the oldest Member of the other -could shave $300-mlllion to $400-m11lion off You've defended the Flag through sunshine U.S. exports. body at the present time. He will be 91 Japan, a huge buyer of U.S. merchandise, is and storm; in October. The late Senator Theodore You have grown from a handful to two mil­ Francis Green, of Rhode Island, was 94 putting reins on its economy. Canada, too, ls lion strong trying to battle inflation; it promises to be when he voluntarily retired. The Honor­ a less eager customer in 1968, especially for With others a.we.ting the chance to belong. able Shelby M. Cullom, of my own State autos and capital equipment. Australia and Though conceived on the baittle fields long, of Illinois, died in office at 85 in 1914 and South Africa are also expected to buy less long ago I, then Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, from the lJ .S. You have each, for the homeland, faced hard­ What it seems to add up to is a respectable ships and foe. attended the funeral service and accom­ gain for exports. The problem, for Washing­ When the shooting had stopped, and Dis­ panied the body to the cemetery in ton and for U.S. producers, is what to do oha'l'ge set you free Springfield, Ill. about the expected spate of imports. You still carried on through Law and Decree Illinois, it is interesting to note, leads U.S. travelers spent some $4-billlon abroad Making sure that our Nation keeps faith the States in the number of Members in 1967, while foreign travelers spent only half with its dead, past 80 who have served in the House. that much in the U.S. So the U.S. ran a Former Speaker Joseph Cannon, 87, $2.l-b11lion tourist deficit last year, $500- But in gratitude cares for the living instead. You have made of the widows, the orphaned, Adolph J. Sabath, 86, Thomas J. O'Brien, million more than in 1966. To help bridge the gap, a Presidential Task them, 86, BARRATT O'HARA, 86 in April of this Force on Travel this week outlined a program Your reason for being. You are doing it stm. year, James B. BowJer, 82, and WILLIAM that will make it less costly for foreign trav­ From different wars, and with years in be­ L. DAWSON, 81. elers to come to the U.S., and less costly for tween, · Those from the other States include: them once they arrive. The panel also sug­ You have welded together a ha.rd-hitting J ohri Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, gested that the U.S. stop requiring visas of team served in the House of Representatives, foreign business travelers and tourists. Of the oldest Gis and the new discharged March 4, 1831, until his death February Some of the rate cuts-on hotel rooms and Youth 23, 1848, at age 80. car rentals--take effect at once. Lower plane, For God and for Country; for Freedom and train, ship, and bus fares will follow once Truth. William B. Allison of Iowa, served in the various agencies say yes. When this hap­ the U.S. Senate, March 4, 1873, until his Your standards are noble, your purposes de~th on August 4, 1908, at age 79. pens, U.S. tour operators say they will start pure, offering lower-cost packaged tours to You have built on foundations designed to Henry Clay of Kentucky, served in the foreigners. endure. U.S. Senate, November 10, 1831-March Flurry of activity. Meanwhile. other ele­ With Service your watc:hword and Peace as 31, 1842, and March 4, 1849, until his ments of the Administration's tough, new your goal death on June 29, 1852, at age 75. balance-of-payments program also were in You're the living example of a great Nation's the news this week. Robert Crosser of Ohio, served in the The Commerce Dept., which is running soul. House of Representatives, March 4, 1913- the mandatory controls on direct investments You're the unselfish Legion-all for one-- March 3, 1919; March 4, 1923-Janua.ry abroad, unveiled an unwieldy, multi-page one for all 3, 1955, when his· service ceased at age form-FDI-101-that some 4,000 U.S. com­ Answering "Ready" to each' duty's call, 80. panies must use in detalling pa.st overseas in­ St111 g1 ving your best, as you did in the field Robert L. Doughton, of North Caro­ vestments. The f.orm must be returned by When stubborn, raw Coumge forbade you to lina, served in the House of Representa­ Mar. 22, and another one-FDI-102-covering yield. tives, March 4, 1911, until his retirement investments in the first quarter of 1968 ls For forty-nine years you have carried the ball on January 3, 1953, at age 89. due May 15. Commerce also sl\.id it is about In village and City and Government Hall. Carter Glass, of Virginia, served in the to create an appeals board that wm have the I salute you-I love you, Comrades and last word on questions about the controls. U.S. Senate February 2, 1920, until his At the same time, the House Ways and Friends, death on May 28, 1946, at age 88. Means Committee heard stiff opposition from As each, at his station, "Maintains and De­ Andrew Jackson Houston, Senate, died fends." tra~el industry witnesses and others. at age 87 in office 0941) . Though medals and monuments tell of your Justin S. Morrill, served in the U.S. worth, Senate March 4, 1867, until his death on And praises are heard to the ends of the December 28: 1898, at age 88. March 17, 1968-American Legion's earth, Edmund W. Pettus, of Alabama, Sen­ 49th Birthday What greater honor can anyone win ator, 1897-1907, died at age 86 in 1907 in Than the privilege of wearing that tiny omce. Bronze Pin? Charles M. Stedman, of North Caro­ HON. BURT L. TALCOTT -ELIZABETH BERTRAM. lina, Senator, 1911-30, died at age 89, in OF CALIFORNIA office. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Edward T. Taylor, of Colorado, served in the House of Representatives, March Monday, March 11, 1968 Members Who Have Served in Congress 4, 1909, until his death on September 3, Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, March at 80 and Over 1941, at the age of 83. 17 is the 49th anniversary of the forma­ Francis E. Warren, Senator of Wyo­ tion of the American Legion. Born to ming, 1890-93, 1895-1929; died at age of fight our battle for peace, to preserve the HON~ BARRATT O'HARA 85 in office. His funeral services were memory of those who gave their lives for OF ILLINOIS held in the Chamber of the U.S. Sen­ our country, to care for their widows IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ate. and orphans, and to engage in civic ac­ Monday, March 11, 1968 The Legislative Reference Service of tivities to enrich human endeavor, the the Library of Congress lists the follow­ American Legion can be proud of its ac­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, ing Members of Congress older than 65 complishments. due to the circumstance that, at 85, I am as of the election of November 8, 1966: There are more than 3 million Legion­ the oldest Member of the House in ac­ All States: 24 Senators, 40 Representatives. naires. The American Legion has no cumulated years, it is not unusual for Alabama: Senators Lister Hill, John J, "day" of its own. Perhaps this is proper me to receive a letter from an interested Sparkman. because the Legion, through the individ- student of the American political scene Ala.ska: Senator Ernest Gruening. March 11, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6081 Arizona: Senator Carl Hayden. my colleagues may have a chance .to liberties we now enjoy for our children and Arkansas: Senator John L. McClellan. read it. for theirs. California: Representatives George P. The essay follows: Granted, keeping freedom's fire burning Miller, J. Arthur Younger (deceased), Cecil R. will not be easy. Arms, legs, and, yes, lives King, James B. Utt. r FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE will be lost in the battle for freedom, but Colorado: Representatives Byron Rogers (By Julia. Wood) isn't even this gruesome prospect better and Wayne Aspinall. Freedom? Peace? Today? In the era of nu­ than the alternative? Florida: Senator Spessard Holland; Repre- clear warfare, the very idea of freedom seems As an American, I think we can sustain sentatives James Haley and Claude Pepper. completely incongruous with everything else any loss but that of liberty. Our freedom is a Georgia: Senator Richard Russell. that is going on. Yet it must be made to fit in fragile and precious flower-neglect it and Idaho: Senator Len Jordan. today's world. in a short while it will be s·tarved by our in­ Illlnois: Sena.tor Everett McKinley Dirksen; When we hear the word "freedom", our difference and choked to death by the weeds Representatives W1lliam L. Dawson, Barratt minds immediately drift to thoughts of our of Communism. O'Hara, W111ia.m T. Murphy, John Kluczyn­ forefathers' battles for independence and to So we must never neglect or forget the im­ ski, Leslie Arends. the establishment of our Constitution. True, portance of con8tant and unending care for Indiana.: Representatives Ray J. Madden this Ls how our freedom began, but we can't our freedom because a day of neglect can and Charles Halleck. point to the·American Revolution or our Con­ cause a lifetime of regret. Iowa: Sena.tor Bourke Hickenlooper. Rep- stitution and say, "That's freedom", because resentative H. R. Gross. freedom is intangible, and no one thing can Kansas: Senator Frank Carlson. ever possibly stand for all it means. Kentucky: Senator John Sherman Cooper. It's the feeling I have as I walk to church Private First Class Stoneking Dies in Louisiana: Sena.tor Allen Ellender, Repre- on a crisp fall morning-the same feeling sentatives F. Edward H~bert and Otto Pass­ that a Catholic has on his way to Mass. Vietnam man. It's your right to stand up and speak for Maine: Senaitor Margaret Chase Smith. what you believe in and, at the same time, Maryland: Representative Samuel Friedel. it's the other man's right to voice his opinion HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Massachusetts: Representatives Philip J. though it may be completely contrary to OF MARYLAND Philbin, Harold Donohue, John McCormack. yours. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mississippi: Senator John Stennis. When you come right down to it, freedom Missouri: Senator Stuairt Symington, Rep- is all we have and all we need. Without it, Monday, March 11, 1968 resentative Paul C. Jones. our lives would be so restricted and monot­ New Hampshire: Sena.tor Norris Cotton. • onous that they would hardly be worth living. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, New Mexico: Senator Clint.on P. Anderson. However, most Americans take their rights Pfc. Danny M. Stoneking, a young sol­ New York: Representatives James J. De- so for granted that they don't even attach dier from Maryland, was k111ed recently laney, Emanuel Celler, Abra.ham Multer. any importance to them. Won't you take a in Vietnam. I wish to commend the North Carolina: Sena.tors Sam Ervin and moment to consider how empty your life bravery of this fine young man and to Everett Jordan. would be--without the tiny, stone churches honor his memory by including the fol­ North Dakota: Senator Milton Young. in wooded areas of the south, and the daily lowing article in the RECORD: Ohio: Senators Frank Lausche and Stephen newspaper; without the school houses which Young; Representatives Frank Bow, Michael dot our countryside, or the gala 4th o! July PRIVATE FmsT CLASS STONEKING DIES IN Kirwan, and Frances Bolton. Celebrations and the spirit behind them. VIETNAM: BALTIMOREAN, 19, ENLISTED IN Oklahoma: Representative Page Belcher. All of these things represent freedoms that ARMY LAST AUGUST Oregon: Sen•ator Wayne Morse. are our fundamental rights, thanks to the A 19-year-old Baltimore soldier was kllled Pennsylvania: Senators Joseph Clark and blood and sacrifice of our forefathers. Yes, March 2 by shrapnel from a mine in Viet­ Hugh Scott. Representatives William Barrett, these 'freedoms do belong to us, but we can nam, the Department o! Defense announced George Goodling, Elmer Holland. lose them-and we will if we aren't careful. yesterday. South Carolina: Representatlve John Mc­ "How," you ask, "can we lose our free­ He was P!cr. Danny M. Stoneking, son of Millan. doms?" Mr. and Mrs. John· L. Stoneking, of 1055 Bun­ South Dakota: Senator &a.Tl Mundt. It's not Communism or Fascism that ls bury way, who had been in Vietnam !or Texas: Representatives Wright Paitm.an, endangering our independent way of life. It's about seven weeks when he was killed. William Robert (Bob) Poage, ~rge Mahon. we, the people. Ironically, we, the very found­ ENLISTEI) LAST AUGUST Utah: Senator Wallace Bennett. ers of a free society, are now challenging its Vermont: Senator George Aiken. eixstence. His mother said yesterday that he was as­ Virginia: Representative William Tuck. Perhaps you are thinking, "Oh, that's ri­ signed to an infantry division that was Wyoming: Representative WillLa.m. Henry diculous. How could Americans be threat­ fighting in the Chu Lal area when the family la.st heard from him. Harrison. ening their own freedoms?" Look in today's newspaper, listen to your Mrs. Stoneking said that her son enlisted radio and become aware of the threats posed in the Army August 18, 1967, three days after by the rebell1ous dra!t card burner . who his nineteenth birthday, and was last home North Carolina's VFW Essay Winner doesn't even consider his country worth on leave from December 22, 1967 to January fighting for, 10, 1968. by hippies who advocate love and peace An archery enthusiast, Private Stoneking HON. L. H. FOUNTAIN while they perform funerals in effigy and was the holder of numerous medals and in OF NORTH CAROLINA live on dope, awards, including a second-place a.ward the Maryland Archery Assocta.tion tourna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and, even worse, by the racial riots which have torn America apart in the last few years. ment, and the championships of the Junior Monday, Marc.h 11, 1968 All of these things are threats to our free­ class of the Glenmar Bowman Club and the Junior open championship ·of the Harford Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, each dom, and I haven't even mentioned the biggest danger of all, the indifference of the Bowman Club. year the Veterans of Foreign Wars .. of American people. This could well be the final He had graduated !rom Herring Run Jun­ the United States and its ladies auxiliary push in destroying our democratic way of ior High School and attended Edgewood High School. r sponsors an essay contest for high school ill~ - After leaving school at the age of 16, he students. It is obvious that one of the hardest and did construction work in Connecticut and The contest, appropriately, is titled indeed, the most important task now con~ worked for a bakery and a concrete block "Voice of Democracy." Valuable scholar­ fronting us is that of maintaining our firm in Baltimore before Joining the Army. ships are awarded the top winners to liberty. This is the greatest challenge Amer­ His mother said yesterday that he ac­ enable them to continue to pursue their ica has ever faced. However, we can meet cepted his assignment to Vietnam philo­ freedom's challenge--by being good. citizens sophically, saying at one point: "So~ebody education at the college level. who are not only wming, but eag.er, to as­ has to be there, so why not me?" This year, the winner from North sume our respons'1bilities; by promoting But he looked forward, she said, to com­ Carolina was a young lady from the Sec­ understanding b.etween the different races pleting his year of duty and returning to the ond Congressional District, which I have and classes in our country; and, moot im­ United States and buying a motorcycle. the honor and privilege to represent. portant of all, by caring a little more about Survivors include, besides the parents, two Our winner was Miss Julie Wood who America and the ideals it has stood for since sisters, Glenda, 18, and Lynn, 16, and a before 1776. _ brother, Michael, 10, all at home. lives in Roxboro, Person County, N.C. Mrs. Stoneking said last night that, al­ The principles and philosophy which Meeting freedom's challenge ls not up to though funeral plans are incomplete, there she so eloquently stated are so badly the adults alone; in fact, it is really the will be a service in Baltimore and a military duty of my generation. As the young people funeral in Hundred, W. Va., where Private needed in our country today that I am of the world, we have the awesome respon­ Stoneking was born two years before his inserting her essay in the R _ECORD so that sibili:ty and ~the privilege. _of preserving the family moved to Baltimore.