Chapter 2. Australia: Media Concentration and Deteriotating
Chapter 2 Australia Media concentration and deteriorating conditions for investigative journalism Tim Dwyer, Derek Wilding, & Tim Koskie Introduction In the decade that has passed since the last Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) country report for Australia, the conditions for media pluralism and media freedom have changed in some important ways. In the 2011 report, the general context of Australian media was framed in the title of the chapter in terms of being “committed to investigative journalism” (Josephi, 2011). Although that aspirational goal has not changed, the optimistic conditions of its attainment have altered in terms of key political, economic, cultural, and technological dimensions. Yet, despite these deteriorating conditions, Australia’s media remain moderately robust, and enjoy a relatively free press. However, the industry itself has become further deregulated and more concentrated. The same powerful voices have an unhealthy influence over the big picture agenda, shaping public opinion around key debates including topics such as climate change, education, and health (Dwyer & Koskie, 2019). While Australia is a democratic country with a mostly independent news media, it has no explicit constitutional guarantee of free speech or freedom of the press, and no statutory bill of rights. Its journalists do not constitutionally enjoy any special rights beyond those of ordinary citizens. The High Court of Australia considered there to be implied freedom of political communication in the constitution, but it is narrow in scope. Some legal principles, including aspects of the common law, help to protect free speech, but there is nothing clearly similar to the First Amendment of the US Constitution (Wilding & Dwyer, 2019; see also Australian Law Reform Commission, 2016).
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