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Big Questions in Astrophysics – the Next Decades a Symposium to Celebrate the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation’S 100-Year Anniversary

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Big Questions in Astrophysics – the Next Decades a Symposium to Celebrate the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation’S 100-Year Anniversary BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES A SYMPOSIUM TO CELEBRATE THE KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION’S 100-YEAR ANNIVERSARY April 4, 2017, Grand Auditorium, Lux, Helgonavägen 3, Lund BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 1 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION 100 YEARS IN SUPPORT OF EXCELLENT SWEDISH RESEARCH AND EDUCATION The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation primarily grants funding in the natural sciences, technology and medicine, in the form of grants for basic research of the highest international standard. During the Foundation’s 100 years, SEK 24 billion has been awarded in grants for excellent Swedish research and education. Recent annual grants of SEK 1.7 billion make the Foundation one of the largest private funders of scientific research in Europe. Over their lifetimes, Knut and Alice Wallenberg built up a sizable fortune, and, even before the establishment of the Foundation, they financed various construction and public development projects. They wanted to organize their support through the establishment of the Foundation. The endowment consisted mainly of shares in Stockholms Enskilda Bank and Investor worth SEK 20 million, SEK 593 million in today’s currency value. Even though the Foundation has granted SEK 24 billion, the assets have, after 100 years and successful capital management, grown to SEK 90 billion. Knut and Alice Wallenberg were determined to promote scientific research and education beneficial to Sweden, things that contributed to Swedish progress in research and education. In the beginning, the Foundation mainly financed buildings to house research and education. Gradually the support shifted to financing of advanced equipment needed for research. In recent years one of the main areas of support has been individual grants for outstanding researchers. The Foundation supports outstanding individuals through its programs: Wallenberg Scholars and Wallenberg Clinical Scholars for senior scientists; and Wallenberg Academy Fellows for younger scientists. Another important area is grants for researcher-initiated projects with high scientific potential and of the highest international standard. BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 2 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES To celebrate 100 years of research funding, in 2017 the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation will organize conferences in scientific areas where it has provided substantial support throughout the years. Astronomy is one of these areas. We have been given the honor of organizing a symposium on astronomy in Lund on April 4, 2017. The symposium is titled BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES. Keynote talks during the symposium will cover major topics in contemporary astrophysics, including understanding the formation of planets and stars, galaxy evolution, dark matter and the transient revolution in astrophysics. Other speakers will present their research results from projects that are supported financially by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. In connection to the symposium, the scientific committee has taken the opportunity to organize three workshops which will cover The Transient Universe and Dark Matter on Monday April 3 and Galaxy Evolution and Star Formation across the Universe on April 5. The centenary will be celebrated with the following symposia: Lund, April 4; Lund University Umeå, June 19; Umeå University and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Linköping, September 13; Linköping University Stockholm, September 15; Stockholm University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Karolinska Institutet Uppsala, September 21; Uppsala University Gothenburg, September 28; University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 3 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION PROGRAM BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES A SYMPOSIUM TO CELEBRATE THE KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION’S 100-YEAR ANNIVERSARY Tuesday, April 4, 2017, Grand Auditorium, Lux, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 08:30–08:35 INTRODUCTION Sofia Feltzing, Chairman of the Program Committee 08:35–08:40 WELCOME REMARKS Torbjörn von Schantz, Vice-Chancellor, Lund University 08:40–08:55 PRESENTATION OF THE KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION Peter Wallenberg Jr and Göran Sandberg, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation 08:55–09:00 THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Göran K. Hansson, Secretary General, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 09:00–09:40 RECENT TRENDS IN ASTROPHYSICS AND CRUCIAL PROBLEMS FOR THE FUTURE Sir Martin Rees, Cambridge University 09:40–10:20 UNDERSTANDING THE FORMATION OF THE EARTH, SUN, AND STARS – A CHALLENGE FOR THE NEXT GENERATION Bruce Elmegreen, IBM Research 10:20–10:50 COFFEE 10:50 –11:05 THE FUTURE OF PLANETARY ARCHITECTURES Melvyn B. Davies, Lund University 11:05 –11:20 FORMING HABITABLE PLANETS ON THE COMPUTER Anders Johansen, Lund University 11:20 –11:35 TOWARD DIRECT STUDIES OF HABITABLE EXOPLANETS Markus Janson, Stockholm University 11:35 –11:50 DOING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EXOPLANETARY ATMOSPHERES Nikolai Piskunov, Uppsala University BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 4 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION 11:50–12:50 LUNCH 12:50–13:30 FRONTIERS IN GALAXY EVOLUTION: ACHIEVEMENTS SO FAR AND DISCOVERIES AHEAD Marcella Carollo, ETH Zürich 13:30–14:10 MAKING THE UNIVERSE AND ITS CONTENTS – WHAT TO EXPLORE IN THE COMING DECADES Volker Springel, Heidelberg University and HITS 14:10–14:25 THE (ULTRA-) LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS UNIVERSE Matthew Hayes, Stockholm University 14:25–14:40 EARLY GALAXY EVOLUTION – THE FAR-INFRARED PERSPECTIVE Kirsten Kraiberg Knudsen, Chalmers 14:40–14:55 THE NEW MILKY WAY Thomas Bensby, Lund University 14:55–15:25 COFFEE 15:25–16:05 ESO AND THE EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPE: THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN GROUND-BASED ASTRONOMY Michele Cirasuolo, European Southern Observatory (ESO) 16:05–16:20 UNDERSTANDING SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THEIR ROLE IN HEATING THE OUTER SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND IN PRODUCING SPACE WEATHER Göran Scharmer, Stockholm University, Institute for Solar Physics 16:20–17:00 THE TRANSIENT REVOLUTION IN ASTROPHYSICS Avishay Gal-Yam, Wiezmann Institute of Science 17:00–17:15 SUPERNOVA 1987A AT 30 YEARS Josefin Larsson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 17:15–17:30 HUNTING FOR SUPERNOVAE Jesper Sollerman, Stockholm University 17:30–17:45 ASTROPHYSICAL DETECTION OF PARTICLE DARK MATTER – NOW AND IN THE NEXT DECADE Jan Conrad, Stockholm University 17:45–17:50 CLOSING/CONCLUDING REMARKS BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 5 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION PHOTO: MAGNUS BERGSTRÖM BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 6 KNUT & ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION PHOTO: TORBJÖRN ZADIG TORBJÖRN PHOTO: RECENT TRENDS IN ASTROPHYSICS AND CRUCIAL PROBLEMS FOR THE FUTURE Sir Martin Rees, Cambridge University Powerful instruments had led to astonishing progress in tracing the emergence of atoms, galaxies, stars and planets from a mysterious ’beginning’ nearly 14 billion years ago. Unmanned spacecraft have visited the other planets of our Solar System (and some of their moons), beaming back pictures of varied and distinctive worlds. An exciting development in the last two decades has been the realisation that many other stars are orbited by retinues of planets—some resembling our Earth (and capable of harboring life). Looking further afield, observers can probe galaxies and the massive back holes at their centres and can check models of their evolution by detecting objects all the way back to an epoch only a billion years after the ’big bang’. Indeed we can trace pre-galactic history with some confidence back to a nanosecond after the ’big bang’. But the key parameters of our expanding universe—the expansion rate, the geometry and the content—were established far earlier still, when the physics is still conjectural but is being constrained, especially by precision measurements of the microwave background. These advances pose new questions. Illustrated lecture will attempt to address such issues. SIR MARTIN REES is a cosmologist and space scientist. His research interests include galaxy formation, active galactic nuclei, black holes, gamma-ray bursts, and more speculative aspects of cosmology. He is based in Cambridge, where he has been Director of the Institute of Astronomy, a Research Professor, and Master of Trinity College. He was President of the Royal Society (the UK’s academy of science) during 2005–2010. In 2005 he was appointed to the UK’s House of Lords. He has received many international awards for his research, and belongs to numerous academies including the National Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Russian Academy and thePontifical Academy. He has served on many bodies connected with international collaboration in science— and those that address threats stemming from humanity’s ever-heavier ’footprint’ on the planet, and the runaway consequences of ever more powerful technologies.He lectures,, writes and broadcasts widely for general audiences. His books include ’Before the Beginning’, ’Our Final Century?’ ’Just Six Numbers’, ’Our Cosmic Habitat’, ’Gravity’s Fatal Attraction’ (with M Begelman) , and ’From Here to Infinity: Scientific Horizons’ A further book, ’What we still don’t know’ is forthcoming. BIG QUESTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICS – THE NEXT DECADES 7 KNUT AND ALICE WALLENBERG FOUNDATION PHOTO: DEBRA MELOY ELMEGREEN MELOY DEBRA PHOTO: UNDERSTANDING THE FORMATION OF THE EARTH, SUN, AND STARS – A CHALLENGE FOR THE NEXT
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