LTE-M, Soon NB-Iot)

1 27/02/2020 2 EMnify Snapshot

Managed Cloud Connectivity

>3m SIM 100 Employees >1000 Customers 30% R&D

SaaS Germany, PaaS Philippines

Founded 2014

3 Cellular Connectivity Anywhere In The World

(2G, 3G, 4G, LTE-M, soon NB-IoT)

180+ countries 540+ networks Our Customers – IoT Solutions

Smart Home Smart City Health Retail Agriculture

Alarm & Surveillance Parking Meter Fall Detection Inventory Mgmt Crop yield & storage Pest Control Traffic Control Health Monitoring Payment (PoS) Soil/nutrient Smart Metering Waste Management Remote Diagnosis Digital store Fences mon. Leak Detection Public Safety Medication Mgmt Customer Satisfaction Livestock surveillance

Asset Mmgmt Manufacturing Transportation Environment

Fleet Mgmt Air/water quality Stock inventory Mgmt Vehicle Diagnostics Animal tracking Noise Radiation Predictive Maintenance Connected Car Container tracking Flooding Safety Monitoring Rail monitoring Good temperature Solar & Air Energy Machine monitoring Art & Relic Preservation • B2B2B and B2C • Selling Connectivity as part of their services

5 Cellular Connectivity Explained

2G / 3G / 4G / 5G / NB-IoT / LTE-M Introduction key concepts What you should consider when deciding for your first or next modem?

NEXT WEBINAR 13.MAY.2020 Top 5 best practices for cellular IoT device security 6 What is relevant when choosing the radio type?

Certainly not this as much

Does it work Better Less Modem Costs Future where I ship? Coverage Power Size Proof Background Mobile Cellular Networks

Base Core of Visited Core of Home Antenna Station Network Network

2G / GSM (+ CDMA) TDMA BTS BSC, MSC, SGSN GGSN, HLR

3G / UMTS CDMA nodeB RNC, MSC, SGSN GGSN, HLR

4G / LTE OFDMA eNodeB MME, SGW PGW, HSS

5G / NR OFDMA / (NOMA) gNodeB AMF, SMF UDM, AUSF Differences in RF Signal Multiplexing How to distinguish different devices?

Uses Time-based TDMA TDMA FDD Every person gets a specific 2G timeslot to speak every XX μs

Code-based CDMA Uses CDMA FDD Every person uses a 3G different code/language

Frequency-based FDMA Uses - OFDMA Every person uses a different FDD/TDD 4G pitch at a different time

Uses

Duplex FDD/TDD OFDMA 9 FDD Frequency or Time-based 5G (Full Duplex) separation of Up and Downlink Coverage

3G - 1900/ 4G - 5G - 2100 700/ Low – (850/ 800/ 600/700/800/1800/2500 900/ 1700/ Mid - 2G - 1700) 1900/ 3,5Ghz 900/ 2600…. High (mmWave) – 26- 1800 40Ghz (850/ 1900)

What about difficult coverage situations? Indoor, Garage, Lower frequency - better chance for Underground? indoor coverage!

10 I want to ship worldwide – does my modem work?

GSM Dual-band • 850/1900 North America • 900/1800 RoW Worldwide: B2,3,5,8

UMTS Dual Band • 900/2100 EMEA • 850/1900 Americas World-wide (except China/Japan): B1,2,4,5,8

LTE (27 bands)

Frequency bands and carriers / countries using the band except specific bands used by 1 carrier (Japan, China, Canada): https://www.frequencycheck.com/bands/lte-band-3-1800 11 Power consumption and Cost

Cost comparison cellular modems

50 49,44 40 37,27 30 25,75 20 16,75 17,00 17,82 10 9,94 7,19 0 2G NB-IoT CAT-M1 CAT-M1 CAT-M1 3G LTE CAT-1LTE CAT-4 Idle mode: 2G - 15.1mW / 3G: 25.3mW NB-IoT NB-IoT 2G 3G 3G 100 MB download 2G - 10kJ / 3G - 3kJ Sending 50char SMS over 2G – 220mW / 3G – 620mW 2G 2G 2G http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/eason1/docs/ Avg Price Min. Max 1569188609.pdf

50% more energy consumption in 4G in Idle mode 100% more energy consumption per Mbyte when sending More Complexity -> More Processing -> More Power -> Higher Costs data over 3G . http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~lierranli/coms6998- 7Spring2014/papers/rrclte_mobisys2012.pdf

12 Why is traditional Cellular Connectivity inefficient for IoT? LTE-M and NB-IoT

Designed for Conversational Voice – always listening for paging call.

Periodic Tracking Area Update – let the Core Network know where to page / route the call. Done every 54 minutes. UsedPower TAU Idle TAU Idle TAU

Cheaper Smaller Less Improved Device Form Power Coverage Costs Factor

TAU period CAT-1 LTE-M NB-IoT Network? (10/5Mbps) PSM Cycle PSM Partial Power Save Mode UsedPower

eDRX Partial TAU Idle TAU T3324 Enhanced Partial Coverage TAU period New Power 20db 14/20db Yes Class eDRX Control period Plane CIoT Partial EPS UsedPower TAU TAU

No Roaming for NB-IoT Roaming possible for LTE-M

According to GSMA Wide range of supported 36 LTE-M bands – global versions 93 NB-IoT available BUT networks are missing

LTE-M and NB-IoT deployment in a country can be incomplete – 2G fallback

15% of the modules using . LTE-M EMnify – 30+ modules EMnify-tested LTE-M networks LTE-M (85% 2G – in non- in the network. Roaming agreements with 13 more countries LTE-M countries) signed – testing outstanding.

15 Which concepts does 5G bring?

Full Duplex – 256 QAM Sending and receiving 256 symbols data at the same time per period

High speed High Bandwidth Frequency bands Carrier Aggregation up to 400Mhz eMBB

Flexible Radio Resources scheduling URLCC mMTC 0.125ms / LTE(1ms) cMTC

Ultra Reliable Low Latency Many devices Further advances in (e.g. data duplication) NB-IoT and LTE-M

16 5G State

5G frequency bands will be more Non-Standalone Mode -> mmWave (26-40Ghz) First 5G networks are complex with differing modules radio is 5G for IoT only for high deployed in limited areas (low/mid/high bands and use case) but core network is LTE bandwidth use cases

Every year (3GPP Release) new NR functionality will be NB-IoT and LTE-M released -> modems, network will merge with 5G core will evolve / adapt

First Modules available from 5G for rural areas Quectel, SIMCom, Sierra will utilize low-bands Wireless, Fibocom, …

3.5Ghz band also used for Private Networks Germany (3.7-3.8Ghz) 73 operators in 41 countries US (CBRS 3.5GHz) with very limited deployments

17 Summary

GSM LTE-M NB-IoT • Still most used technology for IoT • World-wide availability limited • World-wide availability limited • Worldwide coverage • Roaming support make provider • No Roaming • Simple and cheap modem selection simpler • Best cost, price, battery • Battery usage, indoor coverage good • Provides good balance between consumption • GSM being phased out in favor LTE/NR bandwidth, cost, battery • Future proof technology • No new advances • Future proof technology

5G • Not a viable option today UMTS LTE CAT-1 • Few modems, low coverage, high costs • Widespread deployment worldwide • Relevant for high bandwidth • Stuck in the middle btw. 2G and LTE- use cases M/NB-IoT • Worldwide coverage in • No specific IoT technology launched developed countries as for LTE • Med/high modem costs • UMTS being phased out in favor of • High battery consumption LTE/NR

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