The Story of Vaccine •
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W. H. 0. DRIVE AGAINST SMALLPDX THE STORY OF VACCINE HEARTBURN 4r. • 4 „ just as well, she added, for it would protect her against smallpox : "I cannot take that disease for I have had cowpox." From folklore to experiment Jenner's curiosity was aroused. He had of course been taught the technique of inoculation like all medical students of his day and was familiar with this means of protec- tion against smallpox, but he real- ized that it was not perfect. In London, in Jenner's early days, smallpox killed one to three thou- sand persons every year. Jenner came from a country district where the belief was fairly widespread that cowpox, an infection of the udder transmissible to man, would protect the person who got it against smallpox. Jenner practised smallpox in- oculations, but the scientist in him suspected that improvements were WHO Photo possible. Analysing the results of his inoculations critically he real- ized that most of the unsuccessful The Story of Vaccine inoculations—those that did not "take"—occurred among persons who looked after animals and who Courtesy WHO previously had had cowpox. This WHO Photo obviously called for further investi- gation. Leaving Sodbury, the young AS A STUDENT he was rather man spent two years in London as dreamy but he showed plenty of a resident house pupil with John imagination. There was a poetic Hunter at St. George's Hospital. streak in him and he loved nature His ambition was to set up practice and the English countryside of the in surgery and pharmacy at Ber- 1770s. This 21-year-old English- keley. Before leaving Hunter he man was the third son of the Vicar wished to know what the great of Berkeley in Gloucestershire. For man thought about inoculation. eight years already he had been Was this technique not outmoded? apprenticed to a surgeon apothe- Could something better be found? cary, Daniel Ludlow of Sodbury, Hunter's advice was: "Don't think, near Bristol. The young man's Jenner, but try." name was Edward Jenner. Cowpox protects against small- One morning during consulting pox—this idea obsessed the young hours a young country girl came to doctor of Berkeley. But proof was see him. Like any other doctor he needed. Opportunity offered it in asked her a number of questions the shape of a milkmaid, Sarah and wanted to know whether she Nelmes, and James Phipps, a boy had been ill before. Yes, she said, of about eight years. Sarah had she had had cowpox and this was To page 6 The Oriental Watchman and 56th YEAR 111 PUBLICATION A MAGAZINE FOR HOME AND HAPPINESS APRIL 1965 FEATURE ARTICLES EDI7 OP 2 The Story of Vaccine Courtesy of WHO T. R. TORKELSON 8 As Old as the Hills Courtesy of WHO ASSISTANT EDITOR 11 WHO Spurs Drive Against Smallpox George C. Thomas Courtesy of WHO 13 It's Melon Time Lydia M. Sonnenberg LAYOUT ARTIST A. C. Moses 14 What the Electrocardiogram Tells Clifford R. Anderson, M.D. 16 Exercise for the Elderly S. B. Whitehead, D.Sc. 18 Heartburn Does not Mean a Warm Heart William T. Gibb, Jr., M.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS I. R. Bazliel, Ex-Maj., I.M.S. 22 Why not a Garden? R. L. Rowe Elizabeth J. Hiscox, M.D. Philip S. Nelson, M.D., D.N.B. REGULAR FEATURES J. B. Oliver, M.D., D.N.B. 5 Guest Editorial: Smallpox—Constant Alert 10 Minute Meditations: So What! Why Worry? 21 Story Tune: A Room for Grandmother 25 Student Guide: POSTAL ADDRESS Three Plans Post Office Box 35, 26 Homemaker's Helps: Poona 1, India More Meat Substitutes 30 The Doctor Answers 32 Science on the March COMING NEXT MONTH The Publishers of this Magazine Insure Their Motor Cars and The month of May brings summer in all its searing reality. Property with And summer brings its own type of health problems. This factor has provided a guideline in the selection of articles for next month's issue. NATIONAL "Feeding Infants and Children in Hot Weather" based on studies conducted by the American Medical Association will fulfil EMPLOYERS' a special need for parents. Do children require a special diet in summer? If so, what should be included in it? These and other MUTUAL questions will be answered. Outbreaks of cholera are more likely in the hot season, GENERAL INSURANCE especially after the monsoon begins. A practical discussion of this ASSOCIA {ION LIMITED common disease, with directions on what the layman ought to do (INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND, to protect himself against it, will be presented by Dr. C. S. Small, M.D., pathologist of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Head Office for India: A frequent contributor to health journals and editor of 32, Nicol Road, Life and Health (U.S.A.) is Dr. J. DeWitt Fox, M.D. His Ballard Estate, Bombay 1. article next month on "Mental Sharpness" has particular relevance Co readers in Southern Asian countries during the lazy-dazy months Telephone 26-2823/24 of summer. People engaged in occupations requiring intellectual Telegrams: "EIVIPLOMUTUA." vigour will derive benefit from this authority's suggestions. Also branches at New Delhi . Not especially related to summer but a frequent problem in Calcutta and Madras, and rep the average household is hiccups. What causes them? How to stop resentatives and agents at al them? How dangerous are they? Dr. William T. Gibbs, M.D., other important towns in India answers these and related questions in non-technical language. Watch for his article in the May issue. They transact all kinds of fire The regular features "Favourite Recipes for the Month" by motor and miscellaneous Nelia N. Rice, B.A., and "The Garden 'Round Your House" by insurances. R. L. Rowe will contain material in harmony with the season. THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN AND HERALD OF HEALTH OUR COVER POST OFFICE BOX 35, POONA 1, INDIA Colour transparency by Prasad A Seventh-day Adventist publication, issued lishing House, 32 Mozang Road, Lahore; for monthly by the Oriental Watchman Publi.hing Burma—Book & Bible House of Seventh-day House. Subscription Rates: 1 yr. Rs. 11.25; 2 yrs. Adventists. 68 U Wisara Road, Rangoon. Rs. 21.95; 3 yrs. Rs. 32:45; 5 yrs. Rs. 53.25. If orders are sent direct to Poona, make Malaysia, Borneo, Thailand, Vietnam and cheque or money order payable to the Oriental Cambodia: Malayan dollars 9.00 ner year. Watchman Publishing House. Foreign postage (except Ceylon, Pakistan and Change of Address: Send requests along with countries listed above) Re. 1.20 extra per year. wrapper or reference numb .r appearing tiler on, Our representatives are authorized to receive indicating both new and old addresses. 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Box 128, Trivandrum li for Andhra— wrapper of your magazine, it means your Sunder Road, Box 308, Vsjayawada; for subscription has expired. Guiarat and Maharashtra—I6 Club Road, *** Artic'es in this issue thus marked have been Bombay, 8; for Uttar Pradesh, East Punjab, reprinted by the courtesy of "Life and Health." D Ihi and ad'acent states: 27, Barakhamba Road, New De'hi; for Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal— Morabadi Villa, Ranchi, Bihar; for Assam— Owned by the Oriental Watchman Publishing Pretty thou art, intensely pretty, Nongthymmai, Shillong• for East Pakistan- House. Post Box 35, Poona 1. and nrint rd and Flower, whence came thy dazzling 130/C Dhanmandi Road, Dacca; for Ceylon- published by V. Raju at and for the Oriental hue? 15/2 Alfr-d House Gardens, Colpetty, Colombo Watchman Publishing House. Poona I 796-65. 3; for West Pakistan—Oriental Watchman Pub- 4 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, APRIL 1965 ED obAL World Health Day April 7 SMALLPDX CONSTANT ALERT Dr. M. G. Candau Director-General of the World Health Organization WHO Photo by P. N. Sharma Freeze-dried smallpox vaccine ready for use. It is in the form of a stable powder which readily dissolves. Over 160 years ago, vaccination was first shown to prevent the disease; but we have failed to make full use of this weapon. It is outrageous that in one year there should still be over 100,000 cases of small- pox and 25,000 deaths from this disease. It is equally outrageous that the world as a whole should still be constantly threatened by it. The World Health Organization in 1958 began INTERNATIONAL co-operation in health a campaign for the eradication of smallpox from the began in the last century under pressure from dread world and I am confident that eradication can and diseases that were causing suffering and death all will be achieved. Yet victory will not be attained with- over the world.