Utopies Pirates

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Utopies Pirates Utopies pirates... ... ainsi que Les bateaux ivres de la liberté et Between the devil and the deep blue sea Boîte à Outils Editions 2012 - révisé 2013 Les textes Utopies pirates est la traduction d’une brochure de Do or Die, un collectif libertaire britannique qui publie la revue d’écologie radicale du même nom. La première traduction est du collectif FTP, parue sous le nom de Bastions pirates, revue et corrigée pour parution en plusieurs épisodes dans Archipel N° 186 à 190 (forumcivique.org). Les bateaux ivres de la liberté est un extrait de la préface que Julius Van Daal a rédigé pour Pirates de tous les pays, de Markus Rediker, l’un des ouvrages les plus fréquemment cités dans Utopies pirates. Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea est la préface de l’auteur, Markus Rediker, à l’édition française Les Forçats de la mer, marins, marchands et pirates dans le monde anglo-américain (Libertalia 2010). Professeur d’Histoire à l’Université de Pittsburgh, spécialiste du monde le la mer, Markus Rediker, né en 1952, est aussi l’auteur de L’Hydre aux mille têtes: L’histoire cachée de l’Atlantique révolutionnaire (Ed. Amsterdam, 2008), The slave Ship (Viking-Pinguin) et Pirates de tous les pays: l’âge d’or de la piraterie atlantique, 1716-1726 (Libertalia, 2008). Les illustrations P. 6, les Ranters, gravure d’époque. Toutes les autres illustrations sont tirées de A General History of the Robberies & Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, du Capi- ère taine Charles Johnson (1 édition, 1724). Utopies pirates ème ème Durant «l’Age d’Or» de la piraterie, entre le 17 et le 18 siècle, des équipages composés des premiers rebelles prolé- tariens, des exclus de la civilisation, pillèrent les voies maritimes entre l’Europe et l’Amérique. Ils opéraient depuis des enclaves terrestres, des ports libres, des «utopies pirates» situées sur des îles ou le long des côtes, hors de portée de toute civilisation. Depuis ces mini-anarchies – «Les conditions pour les marins des «Zones d’Autonomie Tempo- ordinaires étaient à la fois dures raire» – ils lançaient des raids si et dangereuses – et la paye était fructueux qu’ils déclenchèrent une faible. Les punitions infligées par crise impériale, en s’attaquant aux les officiers incluaient les fers, la échanges britanniques avec les co- flagellation, le passage sous la lonies, paralysant ainsi le système quille – la victime étant tirée au d’exploitation globale, d’esclavage moyen d’une corde d’un côté à 1 et de colonialisme naissant . Nous l’autre du bateau. Le passage sous pouvons aisément imaginer l’at- la coque était un châtiment qui 3 traction qu’exerçait cette vie d’écu- s’avérait souvent fatal.» Comme meur des mers n’ayant de compte l’a très bien fait remarquer le Dr à rendre à personne. La société Johnson: «Aucun homme ne sera ème ème euro-américaine des 17 et 18 marin s’il peut se débrouiller pour siècles était celle du capitalisme en aller plutôt en prison; car être plein essor, de la guerre, de l’escla- marin c’est être en prison avec le vage, de l’expulsion des paysans 2 hors des communaux ; la famine 1. Par exemple, la Compagnie des Indes et la misère côtoyaient une richesse faillit être mise en déroute par les pirates inimaginable. L’Eglise dominait dans les années 1690. Robert C. Ritchie - Captain Kidd and the War against the tous les aspects de l’existence et les Pirates, pp. 128-34. femmes avaient peu de choix hor- 2. L’enclosure act a permis l’appropriation privée des prés communaux et plus mis l’esclavage marital. Vous pou- généralement des terres communales qui viez être enrôlés de force dans la étaient auparavant mises en commun par marine et y endurer des conditions les paysans et habitants. (ndlt) 3. Larry Law - Misson and Libertalia bien pires que celles qui avaient (London, A Distribution / Dark Star Press, cours à bord d’un bateau pirate: 1991), p. 6. 3 risque d’être noyé... En prison, un verte du Nouveau Monde et de homme a plus d’espace, une l’énorme empire conquis par les meilleure nourriture, et commu- Espagnols dans les Amériques. De nément, une meilleure compa- nouvelles technologies permirent 4 gnie.» aux voyages en mer d’avoir plus En opposition à cela, les pira- de régularité et de précision, et les tes créèrent un monde qui leur était nouveaux empires émergents propre, où ils avaient leur libre-ar- n’étaient pas tant basés sur le con- bitre – un monde de solidarité et trôle des terres que sur celui des de fraternité, où ils partageaient les mers. Les Espagnols constituaient risques et les gains de la vie en mer, la superpuissance mondiale du ème prenaient collectivement les déci- 16 siècle, mais ils ne restèrent pas sions et reprenaient leur vie en très longtemps sans concurrence: main, refusant aux marchands leur Français, Hollandais, et Anglais ten- utilisation comme outil d’accumu- tèrent de les devancer dans la lation de richesses. D’ailleurs, Lord course à l’empire. Dans cette quête, Vaughan, Gouverneur de la Jamaï- ils ne se gênaient pas pour recourir que écrivait: «Ces Indes sont si vas- à la piraterie et attaquer les Espa- tes et riches, et ce genre de rapine gnols tant haïs, remplissant ainsi si doux, que c’est l’une des choses leurs coffres avec les richesses dont les plus dures au monde que d’en les Espagnols avaient dépouillé les sortir ceux qui en ont fait usage Amérindiens. En temps de guerre, 5 pendant si longtemps.» les raids étaient légitimés comme actes corsaires, mais le reste du Emergence de la piraterie temps il s’agissait purement et sim- L’ère de la piraterie euro-amé- plement de piraterie d’Etat (ou du ricaine est inaugurée par la décou- moins d’une piraterie tolérée, voire même encouragée). Au cours du ème 17 siècle, ces empires embryon- naires finirent par devancer les Es- pagnols et à s’établir. Grâce aux nouvelles technologies, la naviga- tion n’était plus uniquement utili- sée pour les produits de luxe, mais devint la base d’un réseau com- mercial international essentiel dans l’émergence et le développement du capitalisme. L’expansion mas- sive du commerce maritime du- amis et qu’ils étaient de plus en plus rant cette période créa également, considérés comme des «brutes, et et de fait, une population de ma- des prédateurs». Au fur et à me- rins – une nouvelle classe de sala- sure que la société dominante reje- riés qui n’existait pas auparavant. tait les pirates, ceux-ci devinrent Pour nombre d’entre eux, la pira- aussi de plus en plus radicaux dans terie paraissait être une alternative leur rejet de celle-ci. A partir de là, attractive aux dures réalités de la les vrais pirates étaient ceux qui re- marine marchande ou de guerre. jetaient explicitement l’Etat et ses Mais en même temps que les lois et se déclaraient en guerre nouveaux empires – et plus parti- ouverte contre celui-ci. culièrement l’empire Britannique – Les pirates étaient chassés loin se développaient, l’attitude envers des centres de pouvoir tandis que la piraterie évolua: «Le boucanier les colonies américaines, à l’origine festoyeur ne convient pas aux hors du contrôle de l’Etat et relati- marchands à la tête froide ni aux vement autonomes, étaient con- bureaucrates impériaux, dont le traintes de rentrer dans le rang de monde de bilans et de rapports qui la gouvernance et du commerce sent le renfermé entre en conflit impériaux. C’est alors que se dé- violent avec celui des pirates.» La veloppa une spirale infernale de classe dirigeante prit conscience du violence sans cesse croissante, alors fait qu’un commerce stable, disci- que les attaques de l’Etat entraî- pliné et réglementaire servait bien naient la vengeance des pirates, ce mieux les intérêts d’un pouvoir im- qui mena à une terreur d’Etat plus 6 périal mature que la piraterie. Ainsi grand encore . la piraterie fut forcée d’évoluer en- ème tre la fin du 17 et le début du Un tas de fumier ème 18 siècles. Les pirates n’étaient Durant la seconde moitié du ème plus des gentlemen-aventuriers sub- 17 siècle, les Iles Caraïbes étaient ventionnés par l’Etat, tels que Sir un melting-pot d’immigrants re- Francis Drake, mais des esclaves 4. Marcus B. Rediker - Beetween the Devil du salariat en fuite, des mutins, un and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, mélange pluriethnique de prolétai- Pirates and the Anglo-American World 1700-1750, p. 258. res rebelles. Alors que la frontière 5. Rediker, Op. Cit., p. 255; Ritchie, Op. entre activité commerciale légitime Cit., p. 29, 142. et piraterie était auparavant plutôt 6. Rediker, Op. Cit., p. 272 n52, 274 - «plus il y avait de pirates capturés et pendus, plus floue, les pirates réalisèrent vite qu’il la cruauté des survivants était grande»; leur restait très peu de leurs anciens Ritchie, Op. Cit., p. 2. 5 belles et paupérisés venant du Ceci n’est guère étonnant dans la monde entier. Il y avait des milliers mesure où les territoires du Nou- de déportés irlandais, de men- veau Monde étaient utilisés par la diants de Liverpool, de prisonniers Grande-Bretagne comme colonies royalistes écossais, de pirates pris pénitentiaires pour ses pauvres en haute mer anglaise, de bandits mécontents et rebelles. En 1655, la de grands chemins pris aux fron- Barbade était décrite comme «un tières écossaises, de Huguenots et tas de fumier sur lequel l’Angle- de Français en exil, de religieux dis- terre jette ses ordures».
Recommended publications
  • Masterless People ISAAC CURTIS
    STEPHAN PALMIE is professor of anthropology and social sciences at the University of Chicago. FRANCISCO A. SCARANO is professor of history at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2011 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2011. Printed in the United States of America 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 345 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-64506-3 (cloth) ISBN-lO: 0-226-64506-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-64508-7 (paper) ISBN-lO: 0-226-64508-8 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Caribbean: a history of the region and its peoples / edited by Stephan Palmie and Francisco A. Scarano p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-226-64506-3 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-lO: 0-226-64506-1 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-64508-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-lO: 0-226-64508-8 (pbk, : alk. paper) 1. Caribbean Area- History. 1. Palmie, Stephan. II. Scarano, Francisco A. (Francisco Antonio) F2175.C325 2011 972 9-dc22 2011012778 @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences- Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. 9 Masterless People ISAAC CURTIS Maroons, Pirates, and Commoners In the 16th century, the wealth of the Caribbean region and of the New World more broadly was generated largely by indigenous and African workers, and the riches they produced were transported by sea with the labor of sailors drawn from Spain's developing port cities.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the College of William and Mary from Its Foundation, 1693
    1693 - 1870 m 1m mmtm m m m&NBm iKMi Sam On,•'.;:'.. m '' IIP -.•. m : . UBS . mm W3m BBSshsR iillltwlll ass I HHH1 m '. • ml §88 BmHRSSranH M£$ Sara ,mm. mam %£kff EARL GREGG SWEM LIBRARY THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY IN VIRGINIA Presented By Dorothy Dickinson PIPPEN'S a BOOI^ a g OllD STORE, 5j S) 60S N. Eutaw St. a. BALT WORE. BOOES EOUOE' j ESCHANQED. 31 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/historyofcollege1870coll 0\JI.LCkj£ THE HISTORY College of William and Mary From its Foundation, 1693, to 1870. BALTIMOKE: Printed by John Murphy & Co. Publishers, Booksellers, Printers and Stationers, 182 Baltimore Street. 1870. Oath of Visitor, I. A. B., do golemnly promise and swear, that I will truly and faith- fully execute the duties of my office, as a vistor of William and Mary College, according to the best of my skill and judgment, without favour, affection or partiality. So help me God. Oath of President or Professor. I, do swear, that I will well and truly execute the duties of my office of according to the best of my ability. So help me God. THE CHARTER OF THE College of William and Mary, In Virginia. WILLIAM AND MARY, by the grace of God, of England, Scot- land, France and Ireland, King and Queen, defenders of the faith, &c. To all to whom these our present letters shall come, greeting. Forasmuch as our well-beloved and faithful subjects, constituting the General Assembly of our Colony of Virginia, have had it in their minds, and have proposed
    [Show full text]
  • Alan Watt "Cutting Through the Matrix" LIVE on RBN
    Transcripts of: ALAN WATT "CUTTING THROUGH THE MATRIX" LIVE ON RBN #1 - 25 August 20, 2007 - October 15, 2007 Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - 2007 (Exempting Music, Literary Quotes and Callers' Comments) Alan Watt's Official Websites: WWW.CUTTINGTHROUGHTHEMATRIX.COM www.alanwattsentientsentinel.eu "Sentience in the Balance - Treasure or Trash? - "Technique of Mass-Suggestion, Truth Your Choice." - August 20, 2007 Deflection" - Sept. 19, 2007 "Sumer to 21st Century Schmuckdom" - "Chemtrails Keeping You Quiet - War on the August 22, 2007 Minds of Men" - Sept. 21, 2007 "Puppet Masters and the Race Blame Game" - "Kaisers, Kazars, Caesars and the Norman Way August 24, 2007 - Sir, Sirius and All That Jazz" - Sept. 24, 2007 "Royalty, Life-Rafts, Religions and Repertoires "Military Madness and Mass Conditioning" - versus Another, Better Way" - August 27, 2007 Sept. 26, 2007 "Multi-Levelled Matrix of Mass-Mind Control" "Psychological Warfare, Victim - August 29, 2007 Experimentation and Continental Emergency Maneuvers" - Sept. 28, 2007 "Cracking Conditioned Cultural Values for an "Chemical Spraying, Memory Fading, Bio-War Alternate, Humane, Non-Slave New World" - on Humanity" - August 31, 2007 Oct. 1, 2007 "Tricky Techniques for Mass-Mind and Trying "Technique of Enemy Creation for Motivating Times" - Sept. 3, 2007 the Masses" - Oct. 3, 2007 "Pirates of Profit and Consenting Passive "Canadians Under "New World Order", Peasantry" - Sept. 5, 2007 According to Judge Rideout - From Sumer to the New World" - Oct. 5, 2007 "Mandatory "Total Makeover" Coming to a "Council on Foreign Relations - The Unelected Clinic Near You" - Sept. 7, 2007 Policy Makers" - Oct. 8, 2007 "Dominant Minority and Passive Majority "War in the Heavens and On Earth The Distress versus Sentient Minority" - Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast
    ITIG CC \ ',:•:. P ROV Please handle this volume with care. The University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/piratesbuccaneerOOsnow PIRATES AND BUCCANEERS OF THE ATLANTIC COAST BY EDWARD ROWE SNOW AUTHOR OF The Islands of Boston Harbor; The Story of Minofs Light; Storms and Shipwrecks of New England; Romance of Boston Bay THE YANKEE PUBLISHING COMPANY 72 Broad Street Boston, Massachusetts Copyright, 1944 By Edward Rowe Snow No part of this book may be used or quoted without the written permission of the author. FIRST EDITION DECEMBER 1944 Boston Printing Company boston, massachusetts PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN MEMORY OF MY GRANDFATHER CAPTAIN JOSHUA NICKERSON ROWE WHO FOUGHT PIRATES WHILE ON THE CLIPPER SHIP CRYSTAL PALACE PREFACE Reader—here is a volume devoted exclusively to the buccaneers and pirates who infested the shores, bays, and islands of the Atlantic Coast of North America. This is no collection of Old Wives' Tales, half-myth, half-truth, handed down from year to year with the story more distorted with each telling, nor is it a work of fiction. This book is an accurate account of the most outstanding pirates who ever visited the shores of the Atlantic Coast. These are stories of stark realism. None of the arti- ficial school of sheltered existence is included. Except for the extreme profanity, blasphemy, and obscenity in which most pirates were adept, everything has been included which is essential for the reader to get a true and fair picture of the life of a sea-rover.
    [Show full text]
  • Treasure Neverland
    TREASURE NEVERLAND ‘Captain Teach commonly call’d Black Beard’, from A General History of the Lives and Adventures of the Most famous Highwaymen, Murderers, Street-Robbers, &c. (London, 1734). TREASURE NEVERLAND REAL AND IMAGINARY PIRATES NEIL RENNIE 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox26dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Neil Rennie 2013 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 978–0–19–967933–1 Printed by the MPG Printgroup, UK Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyler Daily Courier-Times, January 1925-December 1929 Vicki Betts University of Texas at Tyler, [email protected]
    University of Texas at Tyler Scholar Works at UT Tyler By Title Indexes 2017 Tyler Daily Courier-Times, January 1925-December 1929 Vicki Betts University of Texas at Tyler, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/indexes_bytitle Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Betts, ickV i, "Tyler Daily Courier-Times, January 1925-December 1929" (2017). By Title. Paper 7. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Indexes at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in By Title by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tyler Daily Courier-Times Index 1925-1929 Microfilm at Tyler Public Library, Local History Room Note: The Tyler Daily Courier-Times did not print a Sunday issue until April 4, 1926. Until that point the Sunday issues are noted as “missing.” January 1925 Tyler Daily Courier-Times, January 1, 1925, p. 1—over two hundred Masons present at watchnight service in Tyler last evening; year 1924 just closed has been record-breaker for building progress in Tyler; building permits for December $16,925; p. 3—statement by Cyclone Davis on Ku Klux Klan; p. 6—new county officials assume duties today; Tyler people greet New Year with much noise; first Rotary meeting of New Year given to business; p. 8—Tyler versus Athens basketball game this evening; Irene Jackson of Swan died today; North Baptist Church notes. Tyler Daily Courier-Times, January 2, 1925, p.
    [Show full text]
  • QAR Internship Report Eckert
    PIRATES IN THE GRAVEYARD OF THE ATLANTIC: CONSERVATION AT THE QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE LAB by Brandon Eckert July, 2020 Director of Thesis: Dr. Charles R. Ewen Major Department: Anthropology The Anthropology Department at East Carolina University offers an internship option for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of a master’s degree. As a result of the academic partnership between East Carolina University and the Queen Anne’s Revenge Conservation Laboratory, an internship in archaeological conservation was made possible. While conservation and archaeology are often viewed as separate disciplines, the methods and theory in conservation are integral to the goals of archaeology both in the field and the laboratory. Since 2003, the QAR Conservation Lab on ECU’s West Research Campus has served as the primary facility for the management and conservation of artifacts recovered from the Queen Anne’s Revenge shipwreck in Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. An internship at the QAR Lab provides students with hands-on exposure to the routine operations of a conservation facility. This includes daily and weekly duties, as well as personal projects and special artifact treatments. The skills developed as a result of this experience are highly important for archaeologists in both field and laboratory settings, but also for archaeologists responsible for the management of museum collections. PIRATES IN THE GRAVEYARD OF THE ATLANTIC: CONSERVATION AT THE QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE LAB A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Anthropology East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Anthropology by Brandon Eckert July, 2020 © Brandon Eckert, 2020 Pirates in the Graveyard of the Atlantic: Conservation at the Queen Anne’s Revenge Lab By Brandon Eckert APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF INTERNSHIP Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survey of Cornwall
    The Survey of Cornwall Richard Carew The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Survey of Cornwall, by Richard Carew Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: The Survey of Cornwall Author: Richard Carew Release Date: February, 2006 [EBook #9878] [This file was first posted on October 26, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: US-ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, THE SURVEY OF CORNWALL *** This E-text was prepared by Steve Gilbert using an Armari PC, a Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400c scanner, ABBYY FineReader Pro 6.0 OCR software, and Microsoft Notepad. August-October 2003. Contact: Steve Gilbert [email protected] 8 Cheyne Avenue, [email protected] London E18 2DR, [email protected] UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Under the Jolly Roger: Reflections on Golden Age Piracy
    praise for life under the jolly roger In the golden age of piracy thousands plied the seas in egalitarian and com- munal alternatives to the piratical age of gold. The last gasps of the hundreds who were hanged and the blood-curdling cries of the thousands traded as slaves inflated the speculative financial bubbles of empire putting an end to these Robin Hood’s of the deep seas. In addition to history Gabriel Kuhn’s radical piratology brings philosophy, ethnography, and cultural studies to the stark question of the time: which were the criminals—bankers and brokers or sailors and slaves? By so doing he supplies us with another case where the history isn’t dead, it’s not even past! Onwards to health-care by eye-patch, peg-leg, and hook! Peter Linebaugh, author of The London Hanged, co-author of The Many-Headed Hydra This vital book provides a crucial and hardheaded look at the history and mythology of pirates, neither the demonization of pirates as bloodthirsty thieves, nor their romanticization as radical communitarians, but rather a radical revisioning of who they were, and most importantly, what their stories mean for radical movements today. Derrick Jensen, author of A Language Older Than Words and Endgame Stripping the veneers of reactionary denigration and revolutionary romanti- cism alike from the realities of “golden age” piracy, Gabriel Kuhn reveals the sociopolitical potentials bound up in the pirates’ legacy better than anyone who has dealt with the topic to date. Life Under the Jolly Roger is important reading for anyone already fascinated by the phenomena of pirates and piracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expense Accounts and Diaries of Samuel Elwell Sawyer, 1851-1889
    The Expense Accounts and Diaries of Samuel Elwell Sawyer, 1851-1889 Notes by Mary Rhinelander McCarl from original volumes property of Cape Ann Historical Association LAST ADDITIONS & CORRECTIONS: 26 August, 2004. THROUGH END OF 1874 Begin 1866, 21 February. Notes made 1998-2004, concentrating on Sawyer’s philanthropic activities in Gloucester, Mass. Expense Accounts, 1851-1860 Mr. Sawyer first made his notes in pencil, then transcribed them in ink. Some of the final entries were out of sequence and have been corrected in this edition. This is especially true of 1856. Not all entries have been transcribed. The records of small, routine expenses have been omitted. When the expense records begin, the Sawyers, Samuel Elwell and his wife Abigail Ingersoll Meads Sawyer, were living in a boarding house in Dorchester run by Doctor Capen and family, paying $15 per week. Much of their food expense was for fancy fruits and alcoholic beverages. They also spent a good deal on clothing and its upkeep. They owned a horse which they boarded with Mr. Garcelon, and buggy. In 1854, they briefly moved to the Tremont House in Boston, but beginning October 1, 1854, he is recorded as paying board to Mrs. Perkins. In 1854 he paid $40.00 per week. In 1851 Mr. Sawyer’s grandfather, Abraham Sawyer, born 1760, was still alive in Gloucester, living in the family homestead.. His mother, who had married Daniel S. Webber the Gloucester harbor pilot, soon after the death of his father in 1821, died in early December 1857. Her funeral was on Thursday, December 3, 1857 in Gloucester.
    [Show full text]
  • Pirate Articles and Their Society, 1660-1730
    ‘Piratical Schemes and Contracts’: Pirate Articles and their Society, 1660-1730 Submitted by Edward Theophilus Fox to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime History In May 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract During the so-called ‘golden age’ of piracy that occurred in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, several thousands of men and a handful of women sailed aboard pirate ships. The narrative, operational techniques, and economic repercussions of the waves of piracy that threatened maritime trade during the ‘golden age’ have fascinated researchers, and so too has the social history of the people involved. Traditionally, the historiography of the social history of pirates has portrayed them as democratic and highly egalitarian bandits, divided their spoil fairly amongst their number, offered compensation for comrades injured in battle, and appointed their own officers by popular vote. They have been presented in contrast to the legitimate societies of Europe and America, and as revolutionaries, eschewing the unfair and harsh practices prevalent in legitimate maritime employment. This study, however, argues that the ‘revolutionary’ model of ‘golden age’ pirates is not an accurate reflection of reality.
    [Show full text]
  • Kendall Weir Annotated Bibliography
    Kendall Weir May 14, 2010 Dr. Angel David Nieves AFRST 301W Annotated Bibliography “A True Survivor’s Story?” National Geographic, January 1999, 1. There is no author listed under the article; the article is essentially just a paragraph in the first few pages of this issue of National Geographic. It is placed as if there is a lengthier follow up later in the magazine, but there is not. The article’s main purpose seems like it is just to get someone thinking about the story of Robert Drury. This is probably the most mainstream location there is any mention of Robert Drury—you can find National Geographic through a simple google search, rather than multiple searches and narrowing down in specific databases. I am using this article just as much for the material as for the images. The article backs up that Daniel Defoe was most likely just the editor of the journal. It also quotes Michael Parker Pearson, someone who I have found is a main supporter of the journal, saying “We’ve been to places he described—the rivers, the mountains—and corroborated traditional practices he described that are still in place today.” Moreover, the author points out that Pearson’s team found parts that most likely belonged to Drury’s ship-- the Degrave. The drawing that goes along with this article is a depiction of Drury being held captive by a few Africans, along with other whites in the background. Weir 2 This article is successful in supporting the accuracy of Drury’s journal in a simple paragraph, but most of the evidence stems from Pearson’s discoveries.
    [Show full text]