Subject Index Volumes 77-85 Q quality-adjusted life years (QALY), costs per 79:679–680, 79:681–684 quality assessment, external see external quality assessment quality control health information systems and poverty indicators, in Tanzania 83:569–577 immunization coverage assessment 79:501–505 immunization monitoring systems 83:503–510 vaccines 78:153, 78:155–162 quality of health care child health services in developing countries 81:886–895 for children under-five, in Bangladesh 83:260–267 client satisfaction and 79:512–517 framework for dealing with 81:313 improvement, to achieve Millennium Development Goals 84:259 maternal mortality in Indonesia and 80:228–234 patient evaluations vs WHO measures 82:106–114 private and public providers of antenatal care, in Tanzania 81:116–122 private sector, in low-income countries 80:325–330 for rape survivors in South Africa 83:495–502 quality of life (QoL) chronic diseases and caregivers in China 82:493–502 determinants in South Africa 82:206–212 in leprosy 77:515–517 oral health and 83:644 oral health-related (OHRQoL) measure, in oral health service planning 84:36–42 prevalence in general population 79:1047–1055 quinine and tetracycline, in malaria 77:235–243 R

rabies burden of disease in Africa and Asia 83:360–368 canine, pilot vaccination campaign in Chad 81:739–744 elimination of human, in canine endemic area of Thailand 81:375–381 estimating mortality in Tanzania 80:304–310 vaccines for postexposure vaccination 78:693–698 radiation exposure, Balkans and Gulf war zones 79:274 radiographs, chest see chest radiographs radon, residential exposure to, and lung cancer 81:732–738 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) anterior chamber intraocular lenses 78:372–378 cervical cancer screening, determinants of participation, in India 85:264–272 international collaboration, in Africa 83:511–517 interventions to prevent HIV 79:1121–1132 registration 82:321, 82:397, 82:714 short-course eflornithine 78:1284–1295 see also clinical trials/research rape quality of health services in South Africa 83:495–502 see also sexual violence rare diseases essential drugs for 84:686, 84:745–751 see also neglected diseases; orphan drugs rationing, antiretroviral treatment, ethical and equity implications 83:541–547 Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services (Gwatkin et al) 84:920 realization of potential life years (RePLY) 85:681–687 La Recherche bibliographique en médecine et santé publique: guide d'accès (Mouillet) 85:418–419 records electronic health 83:323 medical, monitoring HAART in Botswana 84:127–131 RED, AIDS funding-raising scheme 84:263–264 Red Cross, role in Uganda's Ebola outbreak 79:267 Redesigning humans – our inevitable genetic future (Stock) 80:985–986 Reducing the stigma of mental illness (Sartorius & Schulze) 84:333–334 referral compliance with IMCI recommendations in Sudan 81:708–716 difficult/impossible, severely ill children in sub-Saharan Africa 81:522–531 reflectors, to reduce road deaths in Tanzania 80:989–990 Réforme des régimes de soins de santé, La (Rilliet Howald) 84:78 refractive errors blindness caused by 79:237–243 global data for 2002 82:844–851 refrigeration, hepatitis B vaccine in Indonesian cold chain 82:99–105 refugees and displaced persons access to health care of Iraqi 85:656–657 in Afghanistan, hazards of winter 79:1000–1001 coeliac disease in children 79:541–545 mass cholera vaccination 77:837–842, 77:949–950 provision of clean drinking water 79:280–287 tuberculosis treatment and control 80:451–456 see also complex emergencies; humanitarian emergencies; wars and conflicts Regional East-African Health (REACH) Policy Initiative 84:608–612 registration, death see death certification/registration registries clinical trials see Clinical Trials Registry maternal mortality 79:561–568 thalassaemia surveillance 79:1006–1013 rehabilitation, landmine victims 81:665–670 Reichman and Hershfield's tuberculosis: a comprehensive, international approach (Raviglione) 85:418 religion, in tobacco control interventions 82:894, 82:923–927 remote sensing, for helminth control in Chad 80:783–789 RePLY (realization of potential life years) 85:681–687 reproductive behaviour, effect of son preference 78:379–388, 78:1373 reproductive health components 78:569 definition and measurement 80:407–409 evidence-based care 84:504 in Cameroon 83:895–903 and health sector reform in developing countries 80:667–674 humanitarian assistance and 77:1020 landmark global strategy 82:478 male and female, in Gambia 78:570–579 measuring 78:640–654, 78:655–666 perceived illness, women in India 79:1065–1069 socioeconomic factors 78:677–686 Reproductive health and human rights: integrating medicine, ethics and law (Cook et al) 82:549 reproductive health care services community-based, in Ghana 84:949–955 integration into primary health care 77:771–777 unmarried young people, attitudes in China 82:274–280 reproductive tract infections in Bangladesh 80:180–188 in pregnancy in Botswana 85:297–304 in rural community in Lebanon 81:639–645 rural women in Peru 82:483–492 see also sexually transmitted infections; vaginal discharge Republic of Korea doctors' strike 78:1478 morbidity and medical care utilization after recent economic crisis 81:567–572 Plasmodium vivax malaria 84:827–834 research and development (R&D) anti-tuberculosis drugs 80:428, 80:429, 80:517–519 antimicrobial resistance 80:126–133, 80:420 brain drain counter strategies 82:608–615, 82:616–623 censoring of "dangerous," by scientific publishers 81:308–309 civil society perspective 82:757–763 Cochrane Collaboration functions 82:778–783 economic evaluation 82:733–739 ethics see under ethics European support for African 80:843 funding see research funding Gates Foundation targets 81:915–916 gender and poverty issues 82:740–745 gender issues and 10/90 gap 82:162 genetics, training programme 80:176 genome 80:523 Global Forum for Health Research, 2003 conference 82:75–76 health care benefits vs commercial return 82:74–75 health research systems (HRS) framework 81:159, 81:624, 81:815–820 health systems framework for improving 82:720–721 Mexico statement (November 2004) 83:7 implementing "know–do" gap 82:722, 82:723 antenatal care in Thailand 82:746–749 assessing country-level efforts 84:620–628 in clinical practice 82:724–732 policy development in Thailand 82:750–756 see also knowledge translation influencing political manifestos in Nigeria 82:75 international collaboration in Africa 83:482, 83:511–517 genomic epidemiology 84:382–387 global public goods approach 79:869–874 leprosy elimination strategies 83:230–235 "Lessons from the Field" section 83:2 in low- and middle-income countries advance price or purchase commitments to promote 83:301–307 building capacity 82:764–770 Carso Health Institute 85:574–575 creative approach 83:4–5 drug studies 79:894–895 ethical issues 80:114–120 impact of research-tool patents 80:121–125 informed consent 82:771–777 publication in international health literature 82:802–803 role of journals in enhancing 82:163, 82:226–228 setting priorities 85:319–321 tobacco 79:799 malaria, social science approach 80:251–252, 80:683 malaria drugs 84:6–8 maternal mortality 83:86–87, 84:903–909 model for setting priorities 78:1054–1061 musculoskeletal disorders 81:686–688 neglected diseases 80:842–843 stimulating 84:346–348, 84:376–381, 84:414–416 noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa 79:947–953 operational ethical approval 84:766 practical approach 85:424 tuberculosis control 80:471–476 pan-African forum 81:71–72 priorities to take forward health equity policy agenda 83:948–953 public–private partnerships see public–private partnerships PubMed Central/E-biomed proposal see PubMed Central Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) 80:842–843, 85:509–510 STROBE guidelines for observational studies 85:867–872 trustworthiness 83:484 tuberculosis control 85:331–332, 85:410–412 tuberculosis vaccines 80:483–488 US trade embargo ruling on publishing 82:312, 82:394 see also clinical trials/research; drug development; randomized controlled trials research funding in Africa, relevance to burden of disease 83:511–517 health research and development in Brazil 85:124–130 model for setting priorities 78:1054–1061 NIH priority-setting process 77:362–363 tobacco use 79:799 treatments for diseases of poverty 83:301–307 resistin, new hormone 79:273 resource allocation decentralized health systems 78:1024–1035 earmarked donor funding and 82:703–708 equity, and decentralization in Colombia and Chile 81:95–100, 81:914 resources, health AIDS/HIV epidemic 79:1106–1112 needed to attain malaria control goals 85:623–630 profiles, for comparing health systems 78:770–778 stroke outcome and availability 78:1337–1343 tuberculosis control 79:329–336 universal coverage of maternal and newborn health services 85:256–263 see also human resources respiratory diseases chronic, in developing countries 79:971–979 in early childhood, in Brazil 82:516–522 indoor air pollution and 78:1078–1092 respiratory infections, acute see acute respiratory infections respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology in Gambia 80:562–568 in four developing countries 82:914–922 RESPIRE trial, pneumonia case-finding in Guatemala 85:535–544 Restructuring health services – changing contexts and comparative perspectives (Sen) 81:546 Return migration: policies and practices in Europe (International Organization for Migration) 83:159 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viruses in oral fluid 80:76–77 rheumatoid arthritis 81:631 burden of disease 81:646–656 rice farmers, management of vector-borne diseases 85:561–566 genetically modified 78:1281 genome sequence 80:520–521 Ridley, Robert, interview 85:509–510 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, low-cost test 78:1370 risk assessment comparative see comparative risk assessment HIV pandemic 83:378–383 see also health impact assessment risk behaviours HIV infection patterns and, unmarried young men in Viet Nam 85:35–41 socioeconomic disadvantage and, in Australia 84:976–983 risk factors Australian Burden of Disease Study 79:1076–1084 cardiovascular see cardiovascular risk factors elevated blood levels in children in Pakistan 80:769–775 global distribution by poverty level 83:118–126 interventions in developing countries 79:980–987 measles in Bangladesh 80:776–782 national intervention programme in Singapore 79:908–915 noncommunicable diseases in rural Indonesia 84:305–313 reproductive tract infections in Bangladesh 80:180–188 venous thromboembolism and air travel 80:403–406 risk pooling 79:587 see also insurance risk reduction, and healthy life expectancy 80:991 river blindness see onchocerciasis "River of Life" international photograph competition 82:636–638 road traffic accidents comparative risk assessment 81:451–457 conference on prevention strategies 81:232 impact of improved road safety in Rwanda 85:425–426 impact of transport and land-use policies in Delhi 81:444–450 neglect of problem 81:684–685 reducing deaths 80:989–990 UN call for international debate 81:916–917 road traffic injuries burden in South Africa 85:695–702 in Ghana 77:955–964 human resources for control 83:294–300 mortuary statistics in Ghana 80:357–364 World Health Day (2004) 82:240 World report 82:240, 82:315–316 Rodier, Guénaël, interview 85:428–430 Roemer, Milton I (1916–2001), obituary 79:481 Roll Back Malaria (RBM) chances of success 78:1377, 78:1450–1455 in countries affected by complex emergencies 78:1062 in sub-Saharan Africa 78:1452–1453 Roma people, poliomyelitis outbreak in Bulgaria 81:476–481 Romania, attitudes of young people to violence 79:382–387 Rose, Geoffrey 85:886–887 Ross, Ronald 85:894–896 Rotary International, role in polio eradication 82:2 rotavirus diarrhoea 78:274–275 vaccines efficacy and affordability in developing countries 85:426–427 launch in Mexico 83:167 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, social contract 84:916–918 rubella congenital, surveillance in Myanmar 84:12–20 immunization in Brazil 80:258 oral fluid for diagnosis and surveillance 80:76–77 oral fluid samples for evaluating immunity 79:588–595 serosurveys at three Aravind Eye Hospitals in India 82:259–264 vaccines economic analyses 80:264–270 safety 78:199–204 see also measles-mumps-rubella vaccine rubella–measles vaccine, aerosolized vs injected 80:806–812 rural areas anaemia in pregnancy, diagnosis 77:15–21 ascariasis mass chemotherapy 80:399–402 Ascaris lumbricoides infection 80:40–46 BRAC programmes 84:682–683 cataract surgery 77:104–109 China's health-care system 82:532–538 community health insurance in Burkina Faso 84:852–858 domestic violence in Uganda 81:53–60 drug costs using IMCI guidelines 77:852–858 early infant mortality risk factors, in Nepal 81:717–725 elevated blood lead levels in Philippines 85:674–680 enhancing utilization of health-care services, in Burkina Faso 82:572–579 epilepsy management at primary-level 80:378–383 epilepsy treatment with phenobarbital 80:532–537 gender, literacy and survival in Ethiopian adults 80:714–720 hepatitis B immunization of infants 80:277–281 hepatitis B vaccination of newborn infants in China 85:688–694 hospital transfers for self-poisoning 84:276–282 immunization through public–private partnership, in Cambodia 82:661–667 infant and child mortality risk factors, in Burkina Faso 82:265–273 infant mortality in Pakistan 80:271–276, 80:759–760 malaria diagnosis 79:933–941 malaria-infected children, home care 79:28–32 malaria self-treatment, in Ethiopia 81:261–268 male and female reproduction 78:570–579 maternal and neonatal health services 80:721–727 maternal mortality 78:603–613, 80:887–891 measles outbreak response immunization 77:545–552 measles vaccination and child mortality, in India 81:244–250 morbidity and hospitalization in Kerala, India 80:746–751 neonatal deaths, in India 84:706–713 noncommunicable disease risk factors in Indonesia 84:305–313 nutritional status of breastfed infant 78:535–541 oral fluid samples for evaluating population immunity 79:588–595 perceptions of danger signs in neonates, in India 84:819–826 perinatal mortality risk factors, in Kenya 81:561–566 Plasmodium falciparum treatment uptake in Gambia 80:790–796 preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV 85:466–473 quality of health care and client satisfaction 79:512–517 reproductive tract infections 80:180–188 genital prolapse and obesity, in Lebanon 81:639–645 in Peruvian women 82:483–492 residual spraying against Triatoma infestans, in Argentina 82:196–205 sexually transmitted infections, unrecognized 77:22–28 socioeconomic status and health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh 83:109–117 supplementary feeding to prevent wasting in children 80:926–932 thalassaemia and haemoglobin E screening 82:364–372 tuberculosis case-finding through community outreach 84:112–119 tuberculosis control by community health workers 80:445–450 tuberculosis control in Bangladesh 84:479–484 urinary schistosomiasis self-diagnosis 77:477–483 user fees and attendance for primary health care services 79:665–671 verbal autopsy interpretation, InterVA model 84:204–210 Russian Federation AIDS epidemic 79:78, 80:686–687 alcohol-related mortality 83:812–819 Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health 85:909 attitudes of young people to violence 79:382–387 barriers to tuberculosis treatment in Tomsk 85:703–711 disabled people 83:246 health expectancy 81:778–788 health system HIV control and 83:730–738 need for reform 82:391 tuberculosis control 83:217–223, 84:43–51 maternal mortality 84:283–289 mental health reform 85:858–866 mortality patterns 80:876–881 noncommunicable disease mortality 82:875–880 tuberculosis control in Orel region 85:329–331 tuberculosis in prisons 84:265–266 Rwanda competence of skilled birth attendants 85:783–790 HIV infection of genocide survivors 82:472 humanitarian assistance 77:607–609, 77:1020 medical research legislation 85:251–252 performance-based financing 84:884–889, 85:108–115 road safety improvements 85:425–426 tuberculosis control 85:383–384 S

Sabin, Albert 77:194–201 Sabin–Feldman dye test, in toxoplasmosis 77:929–935 Safe Injection Global Network (SIGN) 78:276–277 Safe Injection Global Network Internet Forum Listserve (SIGNPOST) 78:277 Safe management of wastes from health care activities (Prüss et al) 79:171 Safe Motherhood Initiative 20th anniversary 85:735 models of care 77:399–406 monitoring in Tanzania 81:87–94 SAFE strategy, trachoma elimination 79:233–236, 84:613–619 Saharawi children, coeliac disease in 79:541–545 salaries, health personnel 80:581–584 Salgado, Sebastiao, photographs 85:980 saliva samples for evaluation of population immunity 79:588–595 for HIV testing on clients of female sex workers 80:709–713 see also oral fluid samples Salmonella typhi surveillance, private sector cooperation in Pakistan 84:72–77 salt diethylcarbamazine-fortified, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis 85:545–549 fluoridation, in public health 83:670–676 intake, blood pressure effects 79:175 iodine content assessment in South Africa 81:517–521 in South Africa 79:534–540 spot-testing kits 78:975–980 iodization in Bangladesh 77:205 global iodine status and 83:518–525 programmes 80:341, 80:410–417 Samba, Dr Ebrahim 82:717–718, 82:809 Sambo, Luis Gomes 82:809, 83:9 Sampalo, Jorge, interview 85:333 sampling methods cluster and systematic, mortality in Sudan 84:290–296 estimating burden of tuberculosis in Eritrea 85:593–599 to identify priority areas for trachoma control in Viet Nam 83:756–763 for measuring mortality in Sudan 84:290–296 survey method for assessing trachoma prevalence 81:877–885 see also lot quality-assurance sampling San people, and hoodia 81:382, 84:345 sandflies, DDT resistance in India 79:793 sanitation Ascaris lumbricoides in Brazilian children and 80:40–46 education for diarrhoea prevention in Pakistan 81:160–165 education initiatives, evaluation issues 80:75 global assessment 79:82 Johannesburg Earth Summit and 80:840 latrine revision programme in Afghanistan 82:281–289 in Lesotho Highlands 77:829–836 progress towards global targets 82:234–235 Public Health Act 1848 (England and Wales) 83:866–867, 83:868–872 slum dwellers in India 80:684–685 for trachoma prevention 78:258–266 unsafe, and poverty 83:118–126 see also hygiene; latrines; toilet facilities SARS see severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS: how a global epidemic was stopped (WHO) 85:324 satisfaction, patient see patient satisfaction scabies, in children in the Solomon Islands, ivermectin treatment 83:34–42 scenario analysis health dimension in global 81:896–901 leprosy 82:373–380 Schistosoma haematobium geographical information system in Chad 80:783–789 screening Tanzanian women 78:542–548 self-diagnosis in Tanzanian schoolchildren 77:477–483 Schistosoma japonicum age-specific disability weight of chronic, in China 85:458–465 animal and human infection in the Philippines 84:446–452 control in China 83:43–48 hepatocellular carcinoma and, in Japan 77:573–581 prevalence, intensity and morbidity in Dongting Lake region, China 85:519–526 re-emergence in Sichuan, China 84:139–144 screening in China 83:526–533 Schistosoma mansoni estimating prevalence in Cameroon 78:1456–1465 infection, oxamniquine and praziquantel treatment 81:190–196 screening schoolchildren in Côte d'Ivoire 78:389–398 schistosomiasis estimating prevalence in Cameroon 78:1456–1465 mass drug administration programmes in Nigeria 84:673–676 national control programme in Uganda 85:91–99 questionnaires for screening in sub-Saharan Africa 80:235–242 school-based drug therapy in Tanzania 79:695–703 schizophrenia criminal offending rates 78:407 treatment gap 82:858–866 school health services anthelmintic therapy in Tanzania 79:695–703 Australian measles control campaign (1998) 79:882–888 school teachers HIV infection in Africa 79:999 HIV related stress 77:284–287 schoolchildren anthelmintic therapy in Tanzania 79:695–703 areca (betel) nut chewing, in Micronesia 83:656–660 deworming programme in Nepal 80:423–424 Global Youth Tobacco Survey 78:868–876 helminthic infections 78:1456–1465 illicit drug use 77:258–262 screening for Schistosoma mansoni 78:389–398 self-reported urinary schistosomiasis 77:477–483 tobacco smoking 77:509–514 WHO growth standards 85:660–667 see also adolescents; children schools aerosolized vs injected measles vaccination 80:806–812 deworming programme in Nepal 80:423–424 hepatitis A seroprevalence survey in India 80:728–731 identifying priority areas for trachoma control in Viet Nam 83:756–763 oral health promotion 83:677–685 SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) 80:1 screening antenatal syphilis in Mozambique 84:97–104 diabetic retinopathy 80:419 emerging diseases 83:725–726 Schistosoma mansoni in Côte d'Ivoire 78:389–398 schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa 80:235–242 thalassaemia and haemoglobin E in South-east Asia 82:364–372 urinary schistosomiasis in Tanzanian women 78:542–548 scurvy, James Lind's original paper 82:791–792, 82:793–796 seasonal variations, diarrhoeal mortality in children 77:375–380 Secret agents: the menace of emerging infections (Drexler) 80:838 sector-wide approach (SWAp) 82:893 security and health in foreign policy 85:233–234 insecurity and health 85:181–184 see also wars and conflicts selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), for osteoporosis 81:657–664 self-employed, in China, AIDS risk 77:278–280 Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) Medical Insurance Fund 80:612, 80:613–621 self-management chronic disease, in China 81:174–182 malaria in rural Ethiopia 81:261–268 urinary schistosomiasis in Tanzania 77:477–483 self-poisoning, hospital transfers in rural Sri Lanka 84:276–282 Senegal ethics and equity of rationing antiretroviral treatment 83:541–547 facility-based reviews of maternal deaths 84:218–224 setting ground rules and regulating contracting practices 84:897–902 survey of clients of female sex workers 80:709–713 sepsis child mortality in Papua New Guinea 80:16–25 neonatal deaths in rural India 84:706–713 serological surveys Chagas disease in Brazil 79:409–414 hepatitis A in India 80:728–731 oral fluid samples as alternative to 79:588–595 see also antibody response; immune response severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China challenge to health-care system 82:532–538 news reports 81:384, 82:79, 82:152–153, 82:394, 82:470 spatial dynamics in urban area 84:965–968 containment measures in Singapore 81:472 death of WHO worker 81:384 global impact 81:625–626 Hong Kong outbreak 81:848 intellectual property rights 83:707–710 laboratory safety 82:470 meeting of South-east Asian leaders 81:472 new public-private initiative 81:550 vaccine development 82:153 virus changing virulence 82:547–548 identification 81:384 sex see gender sex education, for unmarried young people, attitudes in China 82:274–280 sex workers AIDS/HIV interventions in Botswana and India 80:89–96, 80:419–420 chancroid eradication 79:818–826 costs of HIV prevention in India 83:747–755 HIV infection patterns and risk behaviours in Viet Nam 85:35–41 identifying male clients, in Senegal 80:709–713 modelling condom use 79:442–454 promoting condom use 77:888–894 role in AIDS crisis in Asia and Pacific 79:1000 STI intervention in Cambodia 83:434–442 sexual abuse, women and children in Africa 82:313 sexual practices safer, increasing trend, in South Africa 81:72 unsafe, role in HIV transmission 81:307, 81:311 sexual violence changing men's behaviour 85:505–506 impact on infant and child mortality in Nicaragua 81:10–18 against intimate partners, in South Africa 82:330–337 see also rape sexually transmitted infections (STI, STD) assessing burden 78:655–666 chancroid eradication 79:818–826 effectiveness of condoms in preventing 82:454–461 interventions for commercial sex workers in India 83:747–755 management flowchart 79:301–305 NGO-led intervention in Cambodia 83:434–442 in rural Bangladesh 80:180–188 in rural Lebanon 81:639–645 in rural Peruvian women 82:483–492 in rural South African women 77:22–28 services integration into primary health care 77:771–777 integration with family-planning services 78:628–639 syndromic treatment 79:1070–1075 targeted interventions in Africa 79:569–577 therapy to prevent HIV spread in resource-limited settings 83:135–143 trials in Tanzania and Uganda 77:361, 79:48–60, 79:482–483, 79:793–794 training pharmacy workers in management 81:806–814 in West Africa 79:118–126 see also reproductive tract infections; vaginal discharge Seychelles compliance with antihypertensive therapy 80:33–39 hepatitis B and C prevalence 77:923–928 sheep bovine spongiform encephalopathy 78:1476 vaccination for brucellosis, human health benefits 81:867–876 Shibuya, Dr Kenji, interview 84:170–84:171 shigellosis (Shigella infections) burden in Thailand 83:739–746 global burden 77:651–666 trend and disease burden in China 84:561–568 sibling history approach, maternal mortality measurement 84:173–180 sickle cell disease 79:704–712 Sierra Leone, female genital mutilation 83:806–807 SIGN (Safe Injection Global Network) 78:276–277 SIGNPOST: The Safe Injection Global Network Internet Forum Listserve 78:277 simian virus 40 (SV40), in poliovirus vaccines 78:195–198 Singapore cardiovascular risk factors after intervention 79:908–915 SARS containment measures 81:472 Tuberculosis Elimination Programme 81:217–221 skin cancer prevention 80:764 public health message on UV exposure and 84:485–491, 85:420 UV radiation exposure and 80:906–907, 80:908–912 skin care, integration into primary health care services in Mali 83:935–941 skin diseases in developing countries 83:891–892 parasitic, control with ivermectin 82:563–571 skin infections, diagnosis and management in Bangladeshi children 79:1096–1105 skin lesions arsenic-contaminated groundwater and, in India 83:49–57 arsenic-related, in Bangladeshi villagers 85:668–673 children in Solomon Islands, ivermectin treatment 83:34–42 skin tests, cutaneous leishmaniasis 78:968–974, 79:1169 sleeping sickness see African trypanosomiasis Slovenia, health impact of agriculture and food policies 81:391–398 slum dwellers, sewage projects in India 80:684–685 smallpox as bioterrorism weapon 81:762–767, 81:917–918 eradication 82:683–688 smoking (tobacco) art exhibition 79:82 attitudes of Costa Rican physicians 77:315–322 bans in public places 82:391–392, 82:473, 84:926–927 breast cancer link 81:74 cessation, in tuberculosis control 85:647–648, 85:820 chronic respiratory diseases and 79:971–979 decline in prevalence in Brazil (1989–2003) 85:527–534 in Denmark and Netherlands 80:26–32 in developing countries 82:641 epidemiology in Kuwaiti adults 78:1306–1315 European Union legislation 79:689 gender-specific issues 78:891–901 Global Youth Tobacco Survey 78:868–876 group A streptococcal sore throat and 79:528–533 life expectancy and 82:632–633 lung cancer and see under lung cancer mental illness links 79:79–80 mortality in India 78:877–883 national intervention programme in Singapore 79:908–915 oral health and 83:643 passive lung cancer risk 78:938–942 risk to children 79:273 Portuguese high-school students 77:509–514 poverty and 83:118–126 in pregnancy, and orofacial clefts 82:213–218 related deaths in China 79:999 and socioeconomic disadvantage, in Australia 84:976–983 Tobacco Control Country Profiles database 78:884–890 in Tunisia 80:350–356 see also cigarettes; tobacco; tobacco control; tobacco use social care services, in acute emergencies 83:71–76 social contract, Rousseau's 84:916–918 social determinants disease 79:988–989, 79:990–996 health 82:320, 82:807–808 WHO Commission 84:267–268 social entrepreneurs 84:591 social insurance, Beveridge Report 78:845–855 social justice see equity social marketing condoms, priority-setting model 83:285–293 insecticide-treated nets, in Tanzania 81:269–276 social science research, in malaria 80:251–252, 80:683 sociocultural factors community impact of lymphatic filariasis 85:493–498 health-seeking behaviour in malaria 78:1352–1357 socioeconomic factors acute coronary syndromes 80:371–377 alcohol consumption in India 83:829–836 Ascaris lumbricoides infection in Brazil 80:40–46 burden of disease in Sweden 83:92–99 cardiovascular risk factors in China 78:1296–1305 child and infant mortality in 9 developing countries 78:19–29 child and infant mortality trends in developing countries 78:1256–1270 child mortality in Brazil 80:391–398 child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa 78:30–41 data harmonization with health information systems 83:590–596 death rates in US subpopulations 80:9–15 environmental change and 78:1148–1155 global distribution of risk factors 83:118–126 growth of children in India 80:189–195 health and nutrition 80:106–113 health information systems and 83:597–603 health-seeking behaviour in rural Bangladesh 83:109–117 immunization coverage in Cameroon 82:668–675 immunization coverage in selected countries 83:384–391 infant mortality in Chile 85:798–804 infant mortality in Iran 83:837–844 investing in children's health 83:777–784 measuring health inequalities and 78:42–54, 78:232–235 mortality, William Farr's contribution 78:86–96 mortality in Russia 80:876–881 oral disease 83:661–669 private sector, human resources and health franchising, in Africa 83:274– 279 public health implications of asthma 83:548–554 reproductive health 78:677–686 research priorities 83:948–953 smoking by Kuwaiti adults 78:1306–1315 weight gain of Brazilian children 77:895–905 see also economic determinants; health inequalities socioeconomic status catastrophic household health care expenditure and, in Burkina Faso 84:21–27 equity of health research and 82:740–745 health inequalities and 77:537–543 health risk behaviours in Australia and 84:976–983 maternity care in developing countries and 85:745–754 obesity in developing countries and 82:940–946 occupational mortality in Australia 84:198–203 preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and 85:466–473 quality of life and, in South Africa 82:206–212 see also poor people; poverty sodium chloride see salt sodium stibogluconate, for visceral leishmaniasis 79:388–393 soldiers see military personnel Solomon Islands, ivermectin for scabies, skin sores and haematuria in children 83:34–42 Soloshot autodestruct syringes, for immunization 77:29–33 Somalia death of Annalena Tonelli 81:852 falciparum malaria treatment 80:704–708 polio eradication 78:333 son preference, effect on reproductive behaviour 78:379–388, 78:1373 Songane, Francisco F., interview 85:577–579 sore throat, group A streptococcal 79:528–533 South Africa antenatal syphilis control programme 82:410–416 burden of injuries 85:695–702 cause of death statistics and public health usefulness 84:211–217 causes of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths 84:699–705 changing men's behaviour to improve women's health 85:505–506 clinical trial involving children 85:738–740 community-oriented primary care 77:436–438, 77:439–447 confidential enquiry into malaria deaths 77:263–266 essential data set for health information system reform 83:632–639 food-based dietary guideline on sugar intake 81:599–608 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine 84:811–818 health expenditure and finance 77:156–159 hepatitis B immunization of infants 80:277–281 HIV/AIDS antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia in infected children 84:269– 275 antiretroviral drug provision 80:421–422, 80:921 costs of control in public primary care facilities 84:528–536 diagnostic tool for paediatric infection 81:858–866 infant feeding and 84:90–96 infant feeding counselling for infected and uninfected women 85:289–296 prevalence 81:72 private sector response 81:131–137 treatment program 82:73–74 International AIDS Conference 78:1169 iodine content of salt 79:534–540, 81:517–521 malaria control 78:1438–1444 mental health priorities 78:508–510 National School of Public Health 85:949–954 preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV accessibility of nevirapine 80:335, 80:521–522 antiretroviral drug regimens 83:483 district-wide programme 83:489–494 operational effectiveness of programme 85:466–473 replacement milks for infants of HIV-infected mothers 82:164–171 public health implications of private health care providers 81:292–297 quality of health services for rape survivors 83:495–502 quality of life determinants 82:206–212 respiratory syncytial virus infection 82:914–922 sexual violence against intimate partners 82:330–337 stroke secondary prevention 82:503–508 tuberculosis BCG vaccine for neonates 79:337–343 costs of control in public primary care facilities 84:528–536 extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) 84:924–925, 85:328–329 multidrug-resistant 85:391 staff training and treatment outcomes 83:250–259 unrecognized sexually transmitted infections 77:22–28 user fees and attendance for primary health care services 79:665–671 South America, cervical cancer screening 79:954–962 South-east Asia AIDS crisis 79:1000 cervical cancer screening 79:954–962 child mortality trends 78:1175–1191 health impact assessment needs 81:439–443 lessons from the 2004 tsunami 83:893–894 meeting of leaders to combat SARS 81:472 public health education 85:903 thalassaemia and haemoglobin E screening 82:364–372 Southern Africa Stroke Prevention Initiative (SASPI) study 82:503–508 Soviet Union, former, surge in AIDS 79:78 Spain measles vaccination 77:132–137 public–private partnerships for hospitals 84:890–896 Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) 80:842–843, 85:509–510 spectacles, provision 79:237–243 sporozoites, malaria 78:1445–1449 sports, tobacco sponsorship/advertising 80:80–81, 80:610 spouses, mortality data collection from, in Russia 80:876–881 Sri Lanka cost of malaria control 77:301–309 empowering farmers in vector management 85:561–566 essential medicines for chronic diseases 85:279–288 hospital transfers for self-poisoning in rural 84:276–282 impact of regulation on pesticide poisoning 81:789–798 malathion resistance/carboxylesterase mechanism in mosquitoes 79:1060– 1064 staff, health-care see health care workers stakeholders syphilis control programmes 82:417–423 see also patients starting materials for vaccines, testing 78:157 State of mental health in Pakistan – service, education and research (Gadit & Khalid) 81:226 statins for osteoporosis 78:144 WHO-PREMISE study 83:820–828 statistics cause of death, evaluation in China 83:618–625 harmonization of health and socioeconomic 83:590–596 health 83:722 internet access 85:736 mortality see under mortality national strategies for development 83:564 need for better 84:693–694 see also data; health information systems; vital statistics STDs see sexually transmitted infections stem cells 79:800–801 STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS), risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in rural Indonesia 84:305–313 stewardship concept 78:732–739 stillbirths causes, in developing countries 84:699–705 intrapartum, global estimates 83:409–417 in rural India 84:706–713 STIs see sexually transmitted infections stomach cancer, epidemiological models 80:622–628 STOP-TB eForum 80:515–516 Stop TB Partnership 79:1172–1173, 80:428, 80:437–444 Stop TB Strategy, 2006–2015 85:327 Støre, Jonas Gahr, interview 85:167–168 Strategies to address alcohol problems (Samaradinghe) 84:684 street foods, safety in Ghana 80:546–554, 84:772–773 Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement 85:867–872 streptococcal skin infections, children in the Solomon Islands, ivermectin treatment 83:34–42 streptococcus, group A, sore throat 79:528–533 Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) meningitis in Niamey, Niger 77:499–508 pneumonia in children in Fiji 83:427–433 preservation methods in tropics 79:43–47 streptomycin, limited availability 78:146 stress acute emergencies, mental and social care aspects 83:71–76 HIV related, in primary school teachers 77:284–287 STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Statement 85:867–872 stroke (cerebrovascular accident) 78:1337–1343 secondary prevention in southern Africa 82:503–508 using family history to control 79:321–328 WHO-PREMISE study 83:820–828 strongyloidiasis, control by ivermectin 82:562 Structured Clinical Assessments for Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) web site 77:614 subcutaneous injections, best infection control practices 81:491–500 substance use problems in developing countries 82:641 relation to intimate partner violence in Australia 84:739–744 treatability 82:318 see also alcohol use; drug abuse; tobacco use sucrose see sugar Sudan cholera vaccination of refugees from 77:837–842, 77:949–950 compliance with IMCI strategy 81:708–716 Darfur region crisis in neighbouring region of Uganda 82:886 humanitarian crisis 82:233–234, 82:553–554, 82:642 mortality rates 82:809 polio case 82:557 epidemiology of trachoma in southern 83:904–912 polio eradication 78:333 sampling methods for measuring mortality 84:290–296 sudden infant death syndrome, effects of vaccination 81:821–826 sugar content of diet 81:552 dietary guideline on intake, in South Africa 81:599–608 industry, attack on WHO nutrition report 81:469–470 role in oral diseases 83:694–699 suicide adolescent, in Middle East 84:840 assisted, foreigners in Switzerland 81:310 attempted hospital transfer patterns in rural Sri Lanka 84:276–282 and pesticides 84:260 epidemic and its prevention in Japan 84:492–493 ideation, after Hurricane Katrina 84:930–939 trends in young people 79:1175–1177 sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine falciparum malaria in Cameroon 80:538–545 falciparum malaria in Somalia 80:704–708 malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy in Mozambique 85:873–879 sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine–amiodiaquine, for falciparum malaria in Cameroon 80:538–545 summary measures of population health 78:981–994, 79:267–268, 81:314 sun exposure current public health message 84:485–491 guide to protection against 80:764 see also ultraviolet radiation Supercourse – epidemiology, the Internet and global health (CD-ROM) 80:516 surgery cataract see under cataract eye, Aravind model 79:270–271 paediatric admissions, in Gambia 78:1330–1336 paediatric services in developing countries 80:829–835 training medical assistants for 77:688–691 trichiasis, SAFE strategy to control trachoma 84:613–619 surveillance antimicrobial resistance 82:928–934 asthma 83:548–554 Chagas disease in Brazil 79:409–414 chemical incidents 83:928–934 congenital rubella syndrome in Myanmar 84:12–20 criteria for measles diagnosis 78:861 disease outbreaks by nurses 79:22–27 drowning, new definition 83:853–856 field sites, and health system reform 78:125–134 HIV/AIDS in Uganda 79:1113–1120 infectious disease, impediments to 78:1358–1367 inherited disorders 79:1006–1013 leprosy 83:230–235 malaria, using three case definitions 79:648–656 maternal mortality in Egypt 83:462–471 maternal mortality in Tanzania 81:87–94 measles in Australia 84:105–111 military forces for infectious disease 85:174–180 neurocysticercosis 78:399–406 polio see under polio(myelitis) private sector involvement in Pakistan 84:72–77 public–private initiative set up by WHO 81:550 risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in rural Indonesia 84:305–313 second-generation approach to HIV 82:121–127 vaccine-associated adverse events 78:159, 78:206–207, 78:216, 78:1166 sustainable development environmental pollution and 78:1067 health and 78:1148–1155, 80:689 health dimension in global scenario studies 81:896–901 interview with John Last 79:896–897 Sweden female circumcision and perinatal mortality 80:629–632 ICD coding changes and cause-specific mortality trends 82:904–913 socioeconomic differences in burden of disease 83:92–99 xenotransplantation 77:57, 77:75–76 Switzerland assisted suicide by foreigners 81:310 bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 81:123–130 Swiss School of Public Health+ 85:909, 85:974–976 syndrome-based management acute paediatric admissions in Kenya 81:166–173 gonococcal and chlamydial infections 79:1070–1075 vaginal discharge in West Africa 84:729–738 Syngenta, rice genome 80:520–521 syphilis congenital 82:401 antenatal control; people, programmes, policies and politics 82:417–423 in Bolivia, 1996 79:33–42 case studies of control programmes 82:410–416 control in HIV/AIDS era 82:431–432 diagnostic tools for preventing 82:439–446 economic and programmatic aspects of prevention 82:402–409 recommendations for prevention and management 82:424–430 effectiveness of condoms in preventing 82:454–461 maternal in Bolivia, 1996 79:33–42 diagnostic accuracy of screening in Mozambique 84:97–104 diagnostic tools for managing 82:439–446 pathophysiology and treatment 82:433–438 outbreak in San Francisco 78:1281–1282 women in rural Peru 82:483–492 Syrian Arab Republic access to health care for displaced Iraqis 85:656–657 contracting-out of health services 84:867–875 syringes autodisable (AD) for immunization 77:29–33, 77:119–126, 77:1001–1007 for national immunization programme in Madagascar 81:553–560 vs multi-dose vaccine vials, in developing countries 81:726–731 comparative evaluation in Africa 80:859–870 sterilizable vs disposable 77:787, 77:812–819, 77:996–1000 systematic reviews alternative/complementary medicine 78:252–257 inequalities in maternal health care 85:812–819 knowledge translation 84:621–622, 84:643–651 scientific literature on maternal mortality 84:903–909 usefulness for policy-making 83:480 see also meta-analysis

T

Taenia solium, control and eradication 78:399–406 Taiwan, China, measles antibody profiles and immunization policies 79:615–624 tanneries, chemical pollution in Bangladesh 79:78–79 Tanzania, United Republic of see United Republic of Tanzania Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project (TEHIP) 83:403, 83:566 target-based approaches, monitoring strategies for 85:423 tariffs, insecticide-treated bednets 80:892–899 taxes, insecticide-treated bednets 80:892–899 TB see tuberculosis TDR see Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases teachers, school see school teachers technology ensuring safety and accessibility 83:648–649 global scenario studies incorporating 81:896–901 low-cost, for cervical cancer screening 78:964–967 stroke outcome and availability 78:1337–1343 transfer, autodisable syringes for immunization 77:1001–1007 use to solve public health problems 84:435–436 see also information and communication technology temperature, storage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in tropics 79:43–47 Terrorism and public health: a balanced approach to strengthening systems and protecting people (Levy & Sidel) 82:72 tetanus antibodies, Hib PRP–tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine and 78:364–371 antitoxin seroprevalence, tetanus toxoid coverage as indicator 80:696–703 immunization, single-use injection device 77:119–126 neonatal mortality in rural Pakistan 80:271–276 supplementary maternal immunization in Pakistan 82:643–651 vaccination, infant mortality risk and, in Nepal 81:717–725 see also diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus vaccine tetanus-diphtheria toxoid vaccination, mass psychogenic illness after 79:764–770 tetracycline, topical, vs oral azithromycin for trachoma 79:632–640 Thailand antenatal care 82:746–749, 83:240 artesunate and quinine plus tetracycline for malaria 77:235–243 benchmarking fairness of health-sector reform 83:534–540 botulism outbreak in 2006 85:238–240 bridging "know–do" gap 82:723, 84:603–607 burden of shigellosis 83:739–746 catastrophic and poverty impacts of health payments 85:600–606 critical assessment of mortality statistics 84:233–238 development of health impact assessment 81:465–467 elimination of human rabies 81:375–381 ethics and equity of rationing antiretroviral treatment 83:541–547 health effects of globalization 79:889–890 HIV/AIDS vaccine trial 82:231 impact of Global Plan to Stop TB 85:586–592 impact of TRIPS agreement on pharmaceutical industry 79:461–470 in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate 77:392–398 International Conference on Health Research for Development (2000) 82:720– 721 magnesium sulfate use for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia 85:763–767 military forces for infectious disease surveillance 85:174–180 policy development 82:750–756 postexposure rabies vaccination 78:693–698 promoting condom use by female sex workers 77:888–894 SARS outbreak 81:384 sociodental approach to assessing children's oral health needs 84:36–42 thalassaemia and haemoglobin E screening 82:364–372 tobacco control 78:913–919 thalassaemia global health problem 79:704–712 national register for surveillance 79:1006–1013 screening in Southeast Asia 82:364–372 Third World countries see developing countries 3-by-5 strategy see under HIV/AIDS thrifty genotype hypothesis 77:692–703 thrombosis, deep vein see venous thromboembolism, and air travel ticks, Lone Star, Lyme disease transmission 79:916–925 Tiim (film about Burkina Faso) 85:499–500 Timebomb – the global epidemic of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (Reichman & Hopkins Tanne) 80:514 Timor-Leste, tuberculosis control 85:641–642 tinidazole, vaginal discharge in West Africa 84:729–738 tobacco brand appearances in US-made films 79:174–175 carcinogenesis, experimental 84:494–496, 84:497–502 flavourings, hazardous chemicals 78:945 genetically modified 79:273 nicotine removal from 78:943, 78:944 products, affordability 80:339 research funding in developing countries 79:799 see also cigarettes; nicotine Tobacco: science, policy and public health (Boyle et al) 83:398–399 tobacco control 78:867 to achieve Millennium Development Goals 83:799 bans on smoking in public places 82:391–392, 82:473, 84:926–927 European Union legislation 79:689 gender-specific issues 78:891–901 global evidence base 78:884–890 global treaty 79:690 impact on Third World countries 79:480, 79:1086 in India 81:48–52 international convention 77:294 in Philippines 81:694 policies 77:367 political economy 78:913–919 religion-based interventions 82:894, 82:923–927 success in Brazil (1989–2003) 85:527–534 WHO award 80:610 WHO Framework Convention see Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Tobacco Control Country Profiles database 78:884–890 Tobacco Free Sports campaign 80:80–81 tobacco industry damages award against, in US 78:1062 Glantz's crusade against 78:947 international regulatory strategies 78:930–937 lessons from private statements 78:911–912 on passive smoking–lung cancer link 78:938–939 sports sponsorship 80:80–81, 80:610 tactics for resisting public health policy 78:867, 78:902–910 Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking (IARC Monograph) 83:398–399 tobacco use deaths in China 79:999 Global Youth Tobacco Survey 78:868–876 measuring health hazards 77:82–83 mortality in India 78:877–883 oral health and 83:643 surveillance in Indian industrial populations 84:461–469 Tobacco Control Country Profiles database 78:884–890 in Tunisia 80:350–356 by women 78:891–901 see also smoking Togo, syndromic management of vaginal discharge 84:729–738 toilet facilities childhood diarrhoea and 79:518–527 revision programme, in Afghanistan 82:281–289 see also latrines Toman's tuberculosis: case detection, treatment, and monitoring (Frieden) 83:397–398 Tonelli, Annalena, death in Somalia 81:852 Tonga globalization, diet and health 79:856–862 prizes for weight loss 77:50–53 toothache, in Burkina Faso 83:650–655 toothpaste, fluoridated, in public health 83:670–676 tourism medical, to India 85:164–165 transplant see under organ transplantation toxoplasmosis, Sabin–Feldman dye test 77:929–935 trachoma azithromycin distribution strategies 79:8–14, 79:194–200 clinical diagnosis 77:453, 77:461–466 cost-effectiveness of control measures 79:201–207 environmental sanitation for prevention 78:258–266 epidemiology in southern Sudan 83:904–912 global data for 2002 82:844–851 global epidemiology 79:214–221 identifying priority areas for control, in Viet Nam 83:756–763 mapping global distribution 83:913–919 new fly trap for prevention 78:1282 oral azithromycin vs topical tetracycline 79:632–640 SAFE control strategy 79:233–236, 84:613–619 sampling survey method for assessing prevalence 81:877–885 willingness to pay for treatment in Tanzania 81:101–107 trade agreements, health implications 80:764 bilateral agreements, implications for access to medicines 84:399–404 foreign policy and health 85:162, 85:169–173 global, health implications 78:521–534 health services 79:352–364, 80:158–163 intellectual property rights 79:381 organs for transplant see under organ transplantation rules interfering with access to AIDS medicines 84:342–344 see also globalization Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement see TRIPS agreement traditional medicine epilepsy in rural Gambia 80:378–383 eye diseases 79:214–221 guidelines 82:635–636 use by indigenous communities in Bolivia 82:243–250 WHO strategy 80:610 see also complementary and alternative medicine; herbal medicines training antimicrobial use in childhood illness 82:509–515 basic dermatological care in Mali 83:935–941 breastfeeding counselling 77:492–498 clinical unit for primary care physicians in Mexico 77:936–945 ethical issues 83:280–284 food safety, for nutritionists 77:172–175 global health diplomacy 85:971–973 health researchers in developing countries 82:764–770 immunization nurses in Indonesia 79:150–158 medical assistants for surgery 77:688–691 midwifery, economic analysis in Indonesia 80:47–55 nurse anaesthetists 77:267–270 public health see public health education strategies for essential newborn care 79:1024–1031 and tuberculosis treatment outcomes, in South Africa 83:250–259 unit for child health in Mexico 79:434–441 see also education transgenic mice, neurovirulence testing of poliovirus vaccine 81:251–260 transplant tourism see under organ transplantation transplantation current concerns 85:905 human cell and tissue, ethics and regulation 85:941–948 organ see organ transplantation WHO guidance 85:941–948 transport policies comparative risk assessment 81:451–457 in Delhi 81:444–450 health impact assessment in Europe 81:399–403 transport-related deaths, mortuary records in Ghana 80:357–364 transportation, pre-hospital, in low- and middle-income countries 83:626–631 trauma care capacity, global strengthening 82:241 mental and social health aspects of acute 83:71–76 orodental, global burden 83:661–669 pre-existing morbidity and, in Canada 83:345–352 road traffic injuries, human resources for control 83:294–300 see also injuries travellers air, venous thromboembolism risk 79:380, 80:403–406, 80:610 Malarone-resistant malaria 81:382–383 WHO guide 80:261 triage, for children in Malawi 84:314–319 triatomine bugs control in Paraguay 77:331–339 residual spraying in Argentina 82:196–205 trichiasis, mapping global distribution 83:913–919 trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) effectiveness of condoms in preventing 82:454–461 management flowchart 79:301–305 in pregnancy in Botswana 85:297–304 in West Africa 79:118–126 women in rural Peru 82:483–492 trichothecenes, toxicity 77:754–766 trichuriasis (Trichuris infections) albendazole, ivermectin and/or diethylcarbamazine treatment in Philippines 81:35–42 estimating national prevalence 78:1456–1465 mass chemotherapy against ascariasis and 80:399–402 mebendazole and/or levamisole treatment in Zanzibar 81:343–352 remote sensing and geographical information system in Chad 80:783–789 triclabendazole, in fascioliasis 77:300 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole see cotrimoxazole Trinidad and Tobago, patients' perception and satisfaction 77:356–360 TRIPS agreement access to AIDS medicines and 80:762–763, 84:342–344 access to essential drugs and 77:288–292 availability of priority vaccines and 84:360–365 benchmarking progress 84:366–370 divisions between rich and poor countries 84:344–346 free trade agreements outside, and access to medicines 84:399–404 impact on pharmaceutical industry in Thailand 79:461–470 public health implications 79:381, 82:813, 82:815–821 public health sensitivity of patent legislation 85:49–56 tropical diseases local research and development in India 79:742–747 Special Programme for Research and Training (TDR) see Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases tropics, Streptococcus pneumoniae preservation 79:43–47 trypanosomiasis African see African trypanosomiasis American see Chagas disease Tsetse biology and ecology: their role in the epidemiology and control of trypanosomiasis (Leak) 77:450 tsetse flies, eradication campaign 79:1087 tsunami (Indian Ocean 26 December 2004) death toll 83:82, 83:88–89 global response 83:163 lessons learned 83:893–894 mental health impact 83:405–406 mortality in Aceh Province, Indonesia 85:273–278 tuberculin test, survey in northern zone of India 81:573–580 tuberculosis (TB) annual risk of infection Cauthen et al's 1988 document 80:501–502, 80:503–511 in northern zone of India 81:573–580 burden approach to estimation in Eritrea 85:593–599 in Uganda 81:799–805 case detection/diagnosis in China 85:401 lay informant questionnaire in Lao People's Democratic Republic 85:727– 731 patient and household costs in Malawi 85:580–585 progress in meeting targets 80:437–444 public–private collaboration aiding 84:752–758 village outreach programme in rural Ethiopia 84:112–119 control achieving 2005 targets 85:364–369 achieving targets in Western Pacific 85:360–363 barriers in Russian health system 83:217–223 barriers to reaching targets 85:387–394 changes since 1990 80:427 community health workers in Bangladesh 80:445–450 in complex emergencies 85:637–643 contracting private providers 84:876–883 cost-effectiveness in Italy 77:467–476 costs in public primary care facilities in South Africa 84:528–536 cutting-edge science and future 85:410–412 in Democratic Republic of the Congo 85:642–643 diagnostic testing in 80:512–513 efficiency of Russian system 84:43–51 elimination programme in Singapore 81:217–221 global financial monitoring system 85:334–340 and HAART in Africa 80:464–470 health sector reform in Cambodia and 85:631–636 impact of HIV 85:377–386 informal village doctors in Bangladesh 84:479–484 international targets 85:326 interventions in low- and middle-income countries 80:217–227 Mahler's 1966 paper 85:413–417 in Malawi 79:111–117 need for global initiatives 79:869–874, 80:429 operational research 80:471–476 planning 2006-2015 85:341–347 private practitioners and 80:836–837, 81:148 progress in meeting targets 80:437–444, 84:688 public–private partnership in Nepal 82:92–98 public–private partnerships and cost issues 83:78, 83:558–559 quality of data 85:370–376 research and development 85:331–332 resources in Malawi 79:329–336 roles of laboratories and laboratory systems 85:354–359 Russian Orel oblast 85:329–331 smoking cessation in 85:647–648, 85:820 strengthening health systems 85:333 in Timor-Leste 85:641–642 voluntary HIV testing and 80:939–945 workforce crisis as obstacle to 81:852 DOTS strategy see directly observed treatment short-course drugs see antituberculous drugs extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) progress in controlling 85:328–329 in Southern Africa 84:924–925 global fund to fight see Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria Global Partnership to Stop TB see Stop TB Partnership HIV/AIDS and case stories 80:260, 80:519–520 control in Africa 80:464–470 cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Malawi 82:354–363 epidemic in Africa 83:165–166 joint action 82:810, 82:890 tuberculosis control targets and 85:377–386 latent, treatment guidelines 78:710–711 molecular epidemiology 80:477–482 mortality in India 84:555–560 multidrug resistant (MDRTB) 80:429 achieving targets 85:387–394 control and access to drugs 80:489–500 DOTS strategy 78:238–251 in Estonia 80:519 in Latvia 85:393–394 in Philipines 85:392 in South Africa 85:391 in Tomsk, Russian Federation 85:703–711 prevention eradication of helminthic infections and 78:1368–1369 in health workers 80:526–531 in neonates 79:337–343 rifampicin-resistant, low-cost test 78:1370 in Russian prisons 84:265–266 STOP-TB eForum 80:515–516 treatment access to effective 80:437–444 during civil conflict and HIV epidemic 80:451–456 cost and cost-effectiveness of PPM-DOTS in India 84:437–445 lessons for HIV 79:1145–1155 outcome in defaulters in Malawi 77:386–391 outcomes and staff training in South Africa 83:250–259 present status and future prospects 83:857–865 programme in Peru 81:777 promoting adherence 85:404–406, 85:407–409 public–private mix for DOTS implementation 82:580–586 in tribal population of Car Nicobar, India 82:836–843 vaccine development 80:483–488 see also BCG vaccine web-based information 80:514–515 WHO strategy (Kochi's paper in 1991) 79:69–70, 79:71–75 worker killed in Somalia 81:852 World TB Day 2001 79:486–487 Tunisia contracting-out of health services 84:867–875 supply and distribution of medicines 77:525–529 tobacco use 80:350–356 view on osteoporosis 77:427–428 Turkey insecticide resistance in Anopheles sacharovi 78:687–692 mental health care 78:506–507 Turkmenistan, monitoring health budgets 78:1045–1053 twins, mortality in rural Burkina Faso 82:265–273 typhoid fever global burden 82:346–353 Vi polysaccharide vaccine 79:625–631, 79:811–817