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Chamber of Commerce International Comparisons �
NO STONE UNTURNED � Chamber of Commerce International Comparisons � The Rt Hon the Lord Heseltine of Thenford CH Contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Section One – Background 4 Origin of chambers 4 Public and private law chamber models 6 • Public law models 7 • Private law models 9 Comparison of public and private law models 11 Section Two – Country comparisons 14 1. United Kingdom 14 2. United States of America 25 3. Japan 29 4. France 32 5. Germany 36 Annex A. Business West 40 B. Glossary 42 [1] Chambers of Commerce – International Comparisons Foreword In order to compare the support systems available to the private sector in competing economies I asked officials, supporting my review, to survey practice overseas. My enquiries coincided with similar work by the Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Lord Green. The findings from UK Trade and Investment are too detailed to include in my report1 but I believe the evidence from our research should be available. One observation. It is interesting how little awareness exists in this country of just what our companies are up against. One caveat. In the time and with the resource available to me I do not claim – and nor would officials – that this is a comprehensive or detailed survey of the full picture. It is an interesting and revealing snapshot. I hope this paper helps stimulate an informed debate about how best to use chambers of commerce to create a strong and sustainable business support environment, drawing on international best practice. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to show my personal gratitude to all those who have contributed to this piece of work. -
Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection and Promotion Policies Volume Author/Editor: Robert C. Feenstra, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-23951-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/feen97-1 Conference Date: October 6-7, 1995 Publication Date: January 1997 Chapter Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy Chapter Author: David E. Weinstein Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0310 Chapter pages in book: (p. 81 - 116) 4 Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy David E. Weinstein For twenty-five years, the U.S. and Japanese governments have seen the rise of corporate groups in Japan, keiretsu, as due in part to foreign pressure to liberal- ize the Japanese market. In fact, virtually all works that discuss barriers in a historical context argue that Japanese corporations acted to insulate themselves from foreign takeovers by privately placing shares with each other (See, e.g., Encarnation 1992,76; Mason 1992; and Lawrence 1993). The story has proved to be a major boon for the opponents of a neoclassical approach to trade and investment policy. Proponents of the notion of “Japanese-style capitalism” in the Japanese government can argue that they did their part for liberalization and cannot be held responsible for private-sector outcomes. Meanwhile, pro- ponents of results-oriented policies (ROPs) can point to yet another example of how the removal of one barrier led to the formation of a second barrier. -
The Chamber of Secrets an Investigation Into Who Funds the Notoriously Opaque U.S
September 13, 2017 www.citizen.org The Chamber of Secrets An Investigation into Who Funds the Notoriously Opaque U.S. Chamber of Commerce Acknowledgments This report was written by Dan Dudis, Director of Public Citizen’s Chamber Watch project and overseen by Lisa Gilbert, Public Citizen’s Vice President of Legislative Affairs. Grace Aylmer, Chamber Watch Campaign Coordinator, and Nisma Gabobe, David King, and Alex Walker assisted with research. About Public Citizen Public Citizen is a national non-profit organization with more than 400,000 members and supporters. We represent consumer interests through lobbying, litigation, administrative advocacy, research, and public education on a broad range of issues including consumer rights in the marketplace, product safety, financial regulation, worker safety, safe and affordable health care, campaign finance reform and government ethics, fair trade, climate change, and corporate and government accountability. About Chamber Watch Chamber Watch is a project of Public Citizen. Its mission is raise awareness about the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, its reactionary, anti-worker, anti-consumer, anti-environmental agenda, and the central role it plays in the corporate capture of our democracy via its position as a leading lobbyist, dark money elections spender, and litigator. Public Citizen’s Congress Watch 215 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E Washington, D.C. 20003 P: 202-546-4996 F: 202-547-7392 http://www.citizen.org © 2017 Public Citizen Public Citizen The Chamber of Litigation I. Introduction The U.S. Chamber -
Facing the Facts: Reconsidering Business Innovation Policy in Canada Peter Nicholson
IRPP INSIGHT October 2018 | No. 22 Facing the Facts: Reconsidering Business Innovation Policy in Canada Peter Nicholson IN BRIEF The federal government’s main strategy to sustain economic prosperity in coming years is through innovation. Yet for decades, successive governments have attempted to pro- mote business innovation and failed. Indeed, Canadian businesses have managed to be successful despite their poor innovation performance. This time may be different. Global- ization, technology, sustainability concerns and population aging will inevitably impose a shift to innovation as a core business strategy. Hence the need for an ambitious and comprehensive innovation policy to help promote economic growth. For this strategy to succeed, however, will require nothing less than a whole-of-government approach and a recognition that business is the primary vector of innovation in the economy. EN BREF En matière de prospérité économique, la principale stratégie fédérale des prochaines an- nées se résume en un mot : innovation. Même si plusieurs gouvernements des dernières décennies ont aussi misé sur cette stratégie, elle n’a pas connu le succès escompté. Obte- nant de bons résultats malgré leur déficit d’innovation, les entreprises n’étaient pas pous- sées à se réinventer. Mais la donne a changé. De la mondialisation aux transformations technologiques en passant par le développement durable et le vieillissement démogra- phique, une série d’enjeux contraignent désormais les entreprises à innover pour demeu- rer compétitives. D’où la nécessité d’une politique d’innovation ambitieuse qui favorise la croissance de l’ensemble de l’économie. Pour en assurer l’efficacité, il faudra toutefois adopter une approche pangouvernementale et reconnaître que l’entreprise est le tout premier vecteur d’innovation au sein de l’économie. -
Business Information Through Spain's Chambers Of
Business Information Review http://bir.sagepub.com/ Business information through Spain's Chambers of Commerce : Meeting business needs Antonio Muñoz Cañavate and Pedro Hípola Business Information Review 2008 25: 224 DOI: 10.1177/0266382108098866 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bir.sagepub.com/content/25/4/224 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Business Information Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bir.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bir.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Downloaded from bir.sagepub.com at Universidad de Sevilla. Biblioteca on December 19, 2010 Business Information Review Copyright © 2008 SAGE Publications Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC, Vol 25(4): 224–229 [DOI: 10.1177/0266382108098866] Business information through Spain’s Chambers of Commerce Meeting business needs Antonio Muñoz Cañavate Antonio Muñoz Cañavate is a full professor at the Universidad de Facultad de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Extremadura, Spain, and belongs to its Universidad de Extremadura, Spain Department of Information and Communication. He was previously a fellow at the Department of Computer Pedro Hípola Science of the University of Granada, where he began his studies of the infor- Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, mative value of the Internet. Having Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación, embarked on dual lines of research, both within the area of information Universidad de Granada, Spain management, one of his main interests is in the processes of corporative information management in Spain’s administrative realms, in the context ‘These services, which may be free or fee-based, depending on the of Electronic Administration. -
Fairfax County Business Resources Grid and Chambers of Commerce
This grid offers information about other free and low-cost services available to entrepreneurs. All efforts have been made to confirm accuracy, but please proceed at your own risk. at own your proceed but please to accuracy, confirm made been All have efforts to entrepreneurs. available services This grid low-cost and free other information about offers Southeast Fairfax Development Corporation Fairfax Development Southeast SCORE RangeMe Council VirginiaNorthern Technology MyMoney.gov ("MIX") Exchange Innovation Mason SBDC Enterprise Center/Mason Mason Made in Fairfax 37 Mach Center Development Economic Latino Partners Program Business Green and Training Center Grants Research Grants.gov Go Virginia Program Defense Global Agriculture for Alliance Sustainable Future Harvest - Chesapeake Center Empowerment Financial Fairfax Council Food FairfaxLibrary Public County Coordinator for NonProfits Services' Development FairfaxLand County Authority (FCEDA) Development FairfaxEconomic County Material and of Fairfax Procurement Department Mangement County FairfaxDemographics County FairfaxCurrent County Solicitations Partner Startingand Experience a Business FairfaxBusiness County Education Business Entrepreneurship/Small Fairfax(ACE)Adult County Community Education & Export Virginia portal procurement of Virginia's e-VAelectronic - Commonwealth the Partnership Community Business ChambersofCommerce Capital Breakout Academy Amazon Small Business 1Million Cups Business Resource Grid Resource Business ● ● 3D Printing ● ● ● Accelerator ● ● ● ● ● Access -
The Father of Japanese Capitalism: Shibusawa Eiichi's Vision of The
Case Study #11 April 2019 The Father of Japanese Capitalism: Shibusawa Eiichi’s Vision of the Ethical Corporation Introduction When Europeans began trading with Japan in the 16th century, they were amazed by Japanese craftsmanship, the country’s sophistication, and its extraordinary wealth but the Japanese elite were not equally convinced by the benefits of European trade. Wary of foreign influence, particularly the attempts by Christian missionaries to convert the Japanese, the Tokugawa Shogunate enforced a policy of strict isolation in Japan. Tokugawa Iemitsu, the shogun of Japan from 1623 to 1651, issued a series of edicts placing severe restrictions on trade and the movement of people and goods after 1638. These prohibitions remained in place for more than two hundred years until 8 July 1853 when, under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry, four United States Naval Ships sailed into Tokyo Bay. In the decades leading up to this confrontation, the presence of foreign ships in Japanese waters had become an increasingly common sight as western powers competed ever more fiercely to establish trade relations in the region. The arrival of Perry’s “black ships”, however, marked a stark shift in Japan’s foreign relations. American President Millard Fillmore had tasked Perry with forcing open Japanese ports to US vessels and, unlike in previous naval expeditions, granted him full and discretionary powers to achieve this end. On arriving into Tokyo Bay, Perry staged a week-long campaign of intimidation that began fiercely with the firing of blank shots and culminated in ominous threats to destroy the nation. The Tokugawa Shogunate, stymied by indecision, finally conceded that Perry would be allowed ashore to deliver a letter demanding that Japan abandoned its protectionist policies. -
Read More About the Distinguished Speakers Here
BIOS Guest Speakers Speakers are listed in alphabetical order. Dr. Allison Adams ChiroLife Family Wellness, Founder | Family and Sports Chiropractor website: www.ChiroLifeLA.com Dr. Adams received her undergraduate degree in Human Biology magna cum laude from Cleveland Chiropractic College, Kansas City. She went on to obtain her Doctorate in Chiropractic from Los Angeles Chiropractic College (Southern California University of Health Sciences) where she graduated on the dean's list. Dr. Adams holds many certifications such as Webster Technique, Graston Technique, Rocktape FMT Basic and is a BirthFit Professional. She is currently pursuing her certification for Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician (CCSP) from the American Academy of Chiropractic Sports Physicians, and a hitting and fastpitch softball pitching certification through OnBaseU. Dr. Adams uses a "whole person approach" when taking care of her patients. This wellness approach is the path to looking for the underlying origin of disturbance which may be causing symptoms. Through specific chiropractic adjustments, along with the use of physiotherapy, and the newest vitamin and mineral supplements, Dr. Adams will customize care to fit the individual needs of each patient. Dr. Adams' unique approach to wellness will help you accelerate and maintain your journey to good health! In addition to running her own private practice, Dr. Adams is an active member in the Beverly Hills Community. She holds two seats on the Health and Wellness Committee and Veterans' Affairs Committee at the Beverly Hills Chamber of Commerce. She is currently the NEXT Night Chair for the City of Beverly Hills Next Gen Committee. Ethan Bazarganfard Co-founder | The Beverly Hills Incubator Digital Marketing and Brand Strategy | Flighthouse After graduating from the University of Southern California in 2018, Ethan pursued a career in brand strategy and marketing, constructing business and cultural initiatives for global brands, talent, and causes. -
The Wealth of First Nations
The Wealth of First Nations Tom Flanagan Fraser Institute 2019 Copyright ©2019 by the Fraser Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief passages quoted in critical articles and reviews. The author of this book has worked independently and opinions expressed by him are, there- fore, his own and and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute, its Board of Directors, its donors and supporters, or its staff. This publication in no way implies that the Fraser Institute, its directors, or staff are in favour of, or oppose the passage of, any bill; or that they support or oppose any particular political party or candidate. Printed and bound in Canada National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data The Wealth of First Nations / by Tom Flanagan Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-88975-533-8. Fraser Institute ◆ fraserinstitute.org Contents Preface / v introduction —Making and Taking / 3 Part ONE—making chapter one —The Community Well-Being Index / 9 chapter two —Governance / 19 chapter three —Property / 29 chapter four —Economics / 37 chapter five —Wrapping It Up / 45 chapter six —A Case Study—The Fort McKay First Nation / 57 Part two—taking chapter seven —Government Spending / 75 chapter eight —Specific Claims—Money / 93 chapter nine —Treaty Land Entitlement / 107 chapter ten —The Duty to Consult / 117 chapter eleven —Resource Revenue Sharing / 131 conclusion —Transfers and Off Ramps / 139 References / 143 about the author / 161 acknowledgments / 162 Publishing information / 163 Purpose, funding, & independence / 164 About the Fraser Institute / 165 Peer review / 166 Editorial Advisory Board / 167 fraserinstitute.org ◆ Fraser Institute Preface The Liberal government of Justin Trudeau elected in 2015 is attempting massive policy innovations in Indigenous affairs. -
China and Canada: a Relationship Reconsidered
7 0 0 2 CHINA AND CANADA: , 1 . O A RELATIONSHIP RECONSIDERED N M U R O F S T H G I R A N I H BY CHEUK KWAN C Canada’s Parliament in October 2006 initiat - 3 the usefulness of bilateral talks, but we feel it’s like in American 3 ed a review of the effectiveness of its bilater - football when you tell your opponent you ’re not going to pass, but just run with the ball.Your opponent knows exactly what S al dialogue with China, following a scathing you’re going to do and how to counter it.We want to make N O I assessment of the dialogue by an independ - sure the government makes full use of a multi-prong strategy, T U T using all kinds of tools—bilateral talks, multilateral fora and I ent academic earlier in the year. Meanwhile T heads-of-state dialogues . S N Canada’s new Prime Minister, Stephen I The coalition found that the talks were accomplishing little, D N Harper, is taking a tough stance on the and the Foreign Affairs office became less assiduous in its NGO A briefings. A few times Amnesty International or some other S N human rights situation in China. O “harmless” group was allowed to attend a meeting, but only I T A generic points could be raised, no individual cases.With no L E The apparent shift in Canada’s diplomatic relations with China progress evident, the coalition began pressing for a concrete R L has developed rapidly over the past year. -
Osler, 2020 Diversity Disclosure Practices Report
2020 Diversity Disclosure Practices Diversity and leadership at Canadian public companies By Andrew MacDougall, John Valley and Jennifer Jeffrey DIVERSITY DISCLOSURE PRACTICES Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt llp Table of contents Introduction 3 Developments in diversity: A wider focus 6 Our methodology 14 2019 full-year results 19 Mid-year results for 2020: Women on boards 23 Mid-year results for 2020: Women in executive officer positions 33 Diversity beyond gender: 2020 results for CBCA corporations 43 Who has achieved gender parity and how to increase diversity 49 Going above and beyond: Best company disclosure 64 The 2020 Diversity Disclosure Practices report provides general information only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Specific advice should be sought in connection with your circumstances. For more information, please contact Osler’s Corporate Governance group. 2 DIVERSITY DISCLOSURE PRACTICES Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt llp Introduction The diversity discussion blossomed this year, with continued, slow growth in the advancement of women accompanied by an expanded focus into other facets of diversity. This year new disclosure requirements under the Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) broadened the range of corporations required to provide disclosure regarding women in leadership positions and added new requirements for disclosure regarding visible minorities, Aboriginal peoples and persons with disabilities. Our sixth annual comprehensive report on diversity disclosure practices now covers disclosure by TSX-listed companies and CBCA corporations subject to disclosure requirements. We continue to provide detailed disclosure on TSX-listed companies to provide year-over-year comparisons. However, we now include new chapters summarizing the results of our review of CBCA company disclosure. -
Chaebols): Resource-Based and Institutional Perspectives on the Causes of Diversification
Diversification Strategies and the Formation of Korean Big Business Groups (Chaebols): Resource-based and Institutional Perspectives on the Causes of Diversification Jaeyong Song and Dong-Sung Cho Discussion Paper No.9 Jaeyong Song Dong-Sung Cho Assistant Professor of Management Professor of Management Columbia Business School School of Business Administration Seoul National University Discussion Paper Series APEC Study Center Columbia University In the 1990s, probably no other firms in emerging economies have drawn more attention than Korean big business groups, or “chaebols.” When Korea emerged as a new industrial power, boasting the 11th largest economy in the world in 1996, chaebols were praised as drivers of this unprecedented, rapid economic growth. In recent years, the chaebols’ dramatic international expansion often made headlines in business magazines and newspapers all over the world. Thanks to the chaebols’ explosive foreign investments, Korea numbered among the largest foreign investors in many countries, including the United Kingdom. Impressed by this rapid expansion in overseas markets, particularly in high-tech industries such as semiconductors, Business Week (1995a) featured a cover story and analyzing the chaebols’ “success formula.” Moreover, emerging or transition economies such as China and Russia attempted to adopt a Korean economic development model based on chaebols, encouraging their own large firms to become chaebol-like diversified business groups (Business Week, 1995b; Economist, 1997). Some scholars supported such efforts to imitate Korean-style big business groups, praising chaebols as a new organizational form (Orru, Biggart, and Hamilton, 1991). Others lauded the chaebol as a legendary success story (Khanna and Palepu, 1997), some arguing that they were more appropriate than focused firms for late industrializing economies (Amsden, 1997).