Integrating Conservation, Varietal Improvement and Seed Systems in Small Millets
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Integrating Conservation, Varietal Improvement and Seed Systems in Small Millets An experience of enhancing resilience of farmers in India M.Karthikeyan, C.S.P.Patil, M. Palanisamy, Kirit Patel, K.N.Bijaya, M.Periyammal, Rajesh Ohdar, K. Somasundram, J. Manickam, Kailash, Santhanamoorthy, Somra & Sukku DHAN Foundation, India As part of Revalorizing Small Millets in the Rainfed Regions of South Asia i Contents Preface and Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Approach and Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 7 3. Documentation and Characterization of Varietal Diversity of Small Millet Crops .................................. 19 4. Varietal Improvement in Small Millet Crops .................................................................................................... 27 5. Facilitating Access to Crop and Varietal Diversity of Small Millets ............................................................ 85 6. Emerging Outcomes, Lessons Learned & Conclusion and Way Forward ................................................... 93 References ........................................................................................................................................................................ 103 Annexure ......................................................................................................................................................................... 107 ii List of Tables Table 1.1: Nutrient composition of millets compared to fine cereals (per 100 g) ........................................... 2 Table 3.1: Crops and varieties displayed in the Anchetty biodiversity fair ................................................... 20 Table 3.2: Crops and varieties displayed in the Peraiyur Bio-Diversity fair ................................................. 21 Table 3.3: Number of varieties included in biodiversity blocks in each project site, 2011 ......................... 22 Table 3.4: Status of varietal diversity in small millets at the study sites........................................................ 24 Table 3.5: List of local varieties of small millets collected in Indian project sites ........................................ 24 Table 3.6: Status of hamlet level varietal diversity of small millets at the study sites ................................ 25 Table 4.1: The number of PVS trials and the varieties tested in project sites during 2011-2014 ............... 27 Table 4.2: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Anchetty, 2011 .................................. 28 Table 4.3: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Anchetty, 2012 .................................. 30 Table 4.4: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Anchetty, 2013 .................................. 30 Table 4.5: Farmers’ preference for finger millet varieties in mother trials at Anchetty, 2013 ................... 31 Table 4.6: Performance of Saratha variety of finger millet in baby trials, Anchetty 2013.......................... 32 Table 4.7: Performance of GPU-66 variety of Finger millet in baby trials, 2014 .......................................... 32 Table 4.8: Performance of ML-365 variety of Finger millet in baby trials, 2014 ........................................... 33 Table 4.9: Synthesis of finger millet PVS trials in Anchetty, 2011-2014 ......................................................... 35 Table 4.10: Yield performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Jawadhu Hills, 2011 ............. 36 Table 4.11: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Jawadhu Hills, 2012 ....................... 36 Table 4.12: Performance of finger millet varieties in replicated mother trial (RCBD) at Jawadhu Hills, 2012 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Table 4.13: Performance of four finger millet varieties in baby trails, J. Hills, 2013 .................................... 38 Table 4.14: Synthesis of finger millet PVS trials in Jawadhu Hills, 2011-2014 .............................................. 39 Table 4.15: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Bero, 2011 ........................................ 40 Table 4.16: Performance of finger millet varieties in mother trials at Bero, 2012 ........................................ 41 Table 4.17: Performance of finger millet varieties in replicated mother trial (RCBD) at Bero, 2012 ........ 41 Table 4.18: Performance of GPU-66 and GPU-67 varieties of finger millet, Bero, 2013 .............................. 43 Table 4.19: Performance of A-404 and GPU-28 varieties of finger millet in IRD trials at Bero, 2013 ...... 44 Table 4.20: Yield performance of GPU-66 and GPU-67 under IRD at Bero, 2014 ......................................... 45 Table 4.21: Yield performance of A-404 and GPU-28 varieties of finger millet at Bero, 2014 ................... 46 Table 4.22: Synthesis of finger millet PVS trials in Bero site, 2011-2014 ........................................................ 47 Table 4.23: Mean values of growth and yield parameters of finger millet varieties at Semiliguda, 2011 48 Table 4.24: Mother trial of finger millet at Semiliguda, 2012 ........................................................................... 50 iii Table 4.25: Replicated mother trial of finger millet at Semiliguda, 2012 ........................................................ 50 Table 4.26: Replicated mother trial of finger millet at CPR, Berhampur, 2012 ............................................. 51 Table 4.27: Performance of GPU-66 variety of finger millet in baby trials at Semiliguda, 2013 ............... 52 Table 4.28: Performance of GPU-67 variety of finger millet in baby trials at Semiliguda, 2013 ............... 53 Table 4.29: Synthesis of finger millet PVS trials in Semiliguda, 2011-2014 ................................................... 55 Table 4.30: Performance of little millet varieties in mother trials at Jawadhu Hills, 2011 ......................... 56 Table 4.31: Mother trial of little millet varieties at Jawadhu Hills, 2012 ........................................................ 58 Table 4.32: Replicated mother trial of little millet at Jawadhu Hills, 2012 ..................................................... 58 Table 4.33: Growth and yield parameters of short duration varieties of little millet at J. Hills, 2013 ...... 59 Table 4.34: Comparison of short duration varieties of little millet in mother trials, J. Hills, 2013 ............ 60 Table 4.35: Farmers' preference ranking for little millet varieties (short duration) at J. Hills, 2013 ......... 60 Table 4.36: Performance of long duration varieties of little millet in mother trials, Jawadhu Hills, 201361 Table 4.37: Comparison of long duration varieties of little millet in mother trials, Jawadhu Hills .......... 61 Table 4.38: Farmers' preference ranking for little millet varieties (long duration), J. Hills, 2013 .............. 62 Table 4.39: Performance of CO-4 variety against Local varieties of little millet at Jawadhu Hills, 2012 63 Table 4.40: Performance of Perungulai variety of little millet in baby trials, J. Hills 2013 ......................... 63 Table 4.41: Performance of Koluthana variety of little millet in baby trials, Jawadhu Hills 2013 ............ 64 Table 4.42: Synthesis of little millet PVS trials in Jawadhu Hills, 2011-2014 ................................................. 67 Table 4.43: Mother trial of little millet varieties at Semiliguda, 2012 ............................................................. 68 Table 4.44: Replicated mother trial of little millet varieties at CPR, Berhampur, 2012 ............................... 68 Table 4.45: Performance of long duration varieties of little millet in mother trials, Semiliguda 2013 ..... 69 Table 4.46: Farmers' preference ranking for little millet varieties (long duration), Semiliguda ................ 70 Table 4.47: Performance of Kala suan variety of little millet in baby trials, Semiliguda, 2013 ................. 70 Table 4.48: Synthesis of little millet PVS trials in Semiliguda, 2011-2014 ...................................................... 71 Table 4.49: Performance of barnyard millet varieties in mother trials at Peraiyur site, 2011 .................... 72 Table 4.50: Performance of barnyard millet varieties in mother trials at Peraiyur site, 2012 .................... 73 Table 4.51: Performance of CO-2, M and M1 varieties in baby trials at Peraiyur site, 2012 ...................... 73 Table 4.52: Synthesis of barnyard millet PVS trials in Peraiyur, 2011-2014 .................................................. 75 Table 4.53: Performance of Kodo millet varieties in mother trials at Peraiyur, 2011 .................................. 76 Table 4.54: Performance of Kodo millet varieties in mother trials at Peraiyur, 2012 .................................. 77 Table 4.55: Performance of Kodo millet varieties in mother trials at Peraiyur site, 2014 ........................... 77 Table 4.56: Performance of Uppu varagu variety of