INDIAN SOCIETY of GEOMATICS I Journal of Geomatics Vol
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Vol 12 No. 2 October 2018 ISSN: 0976 - 1330 INDIAN SOCIETY OF GEOMATICS i Journal of Geomatics Vol. 12 No. 2 October 2018 Journal of Geomatics (A publication of the Indian Society of Geomatics) Editorial Board Chief Editor: Dr. A.S. Rajawat (Address for Correspondence: Group Director, Geosciences, Hydrology, Cryosphere Sciences & Applications Group, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad - 380 015, India) Phone: +91-79-26914018 (O), +91-79-29795665 (R), Email: [email protected], [email protected] Associate Editor: R. P. Singh Ahmedabad, Email: [email protected] Assistant Editor: R. Ratheesh Ahmedabad, Email: [email protected] S.V.V. Arun Kumar Ahmedabad, Email: [email protected] Members: A.R. Dasgupta Ahmedabad, Email: [email protected] P.K. Garg Dehradun, Email: [email protected] P.K. Verma Bhopal, Email: [email protected] Ashok Kaushal Pune, Email: [email protected] T.T. Medhavy Australia, Email: [email protected] I.V. Murali Krishna Hyderabad, Email: [email protected] S.M. Ramasamy Tiruchirapalli, Email: [email protected] P.S. Roy Hyderabad, Email: [email protected] Milap Chand Sharma New Delhi, Email: [email protected] Tara Sharma Canada, Email: [email protected] P. Venkatachalam Mumbai, Email: [email protected] Claudio Zucca Morocco Email: [email protected] Advisory Board Paul J. Curran Vice-Chancellor, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK V. Jayaraman Bengaluru, India R. Krishnan Thiruvananthpuram, India P. Nag Varanasi, India M.P. Narayanan President, CSDMS, NOIDA, U.P., India R.R. Navalgund ISRO H.Q., Bengaluru, India Y.S. Rajan ISRO H.Q., Bengaluru, India Josef Strobl Interfaculty Dept. of Geoinformatics, University of Salzburg, Austria ii Journal of Geomatics Vol 12 No. 2 October 2018 Indian Society of Geomatics Executive Council 2017 – 2020 President Tapan Misra, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380015 Vice-President Y.V.N. Krishna Murthy (Retd.), National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad – 500001 Raj Kumar, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380015 Secretary Shashikant A. Sharma, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380015 Joint Secretary K.P.R. Menon, Kerala Remote Sensing and Environment Centre, Thiruvanthapuram - 695102 Treasurer P. Jayaprasad, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380015 Members P.L. N. Raju, NESAC, Shillong - 793014 K.S. Jayappa, Mangalore University, Mangalore - 575001 A.K. Singh, JK Laxmipat University, Jaipur - 302005 R.J. Bhanderi, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380015 K.L.N. Sastry (Retd.), Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad – 380015 Ex-Officio (Immediate Past President) A.S. Kiran Kumar, Indian Space Research Organisation, Bengaluru - 560231 Secretary: (address for correspondence) 6202, SAC Bopal Campus, Ahmedabad – 380058, India Email: [email protected]; [email protected] iii Journal of Geomatics Vol 12 No. 2 October 2018 Journal of Geomatics (A Publication of the Indian Society of Geomatics) Vol. 12. No. 2 Research articles October 2018 Assessment of the forest cover change in the Forest-Savannah transitional zone, Ghana 89 1 between 1990 – 2013 using remote sensing and GIS A. B. Owusu and F. Essandoh-Yeddu Hydrochemical characterization and ground water quality assessment over Southern 101 2 Kashmir using Geographic Information System (GIS) M. Rafiq, M. S. Gull, A. K. Mishra and K. S. Rawat Geo-spatial approach for mapping of field measurement books in Andhra Pradesh: a 109 3 case study Ch. T. Babu, L. Sneha, M. H. Krishna and K. V. Ramana Estimation of changes in ice thickness of Chhota Shigri glacier, Himachal Pradesh 117 4 using DGPS and SRTM derived elevation profiles R. M. Brahmbhatt, R. Agrawal, B. P. Rathore, I. M. Bahuguna and A.S. Rajawat Development of an automated tool in GIS for generating action plans to combat 112 5 desertification/land degradation R. J. Bhanderi, S. A. Sharma and A. S. Rajawat Spatio-temporal distribution and identification of Encephalitis disease hotspots: A case 127 6 study of Gorakhpur Tehsil, Uttar Pradesh, India N. Tyagi, S. Sahoo and L. Shukla Gridded Temperature generation using INSAT - Land Surface Temperature data and 135 7 India Meteorological Department temperature data for Indian region U. Gupta, P. K. Patel, S. Surati and M. Oza Site suitability analysis for establishing soil and water conservation structures using 146 8 Geoinformatics - A case study of Chinnar watershed, Tamil Nadu, India T. Lohar, K. Balasubramani and B. Bhatt Suitability analysis for siting oil and gas filling stations using multi-criteria decision 158 9 analysis and GIS approach – A case study in Tarkwa and its environs M. S. Peprah, C. B. Boye, E. K. Larbi and P. O. Appau Land use and land cover change detection through spatial approach: A case study of 167 10 Mangaluru Taluk, Karnataka S. S. Anchan, A. Shetty, H. G. Bhat and M. Chadaga Comparison of Global Geoid Models Against the GPS/Levelling-Derived Geoid 174 11 Heights in Tanzania M. J. Gwaleba 12 enSVM: A classification framework using ensemble of SVMs 183 V. Sharma, D. Chutia, D. Baruah, J. Goswami, U. Baruah, and P.L.N. Raju Reviewers for Journal of Geomatics, Volume 12 No. 1 & 2 iv Author Index Volume 9 v Indian Society of Geomatics: Awards vii Indian Society of Geomatics: Fellows xii Instruction for Authors xiii Journal of Geomatics: Advertisement Rates xv Indian Society of Geomatics: ISG Membership Form xvi 89 Journal of Geomatics Vol 12 No. 2 October 2018 Assessment of the forest cover change in the Forest-Savannah transitional zone, Ghana between 1990 – 2013 using remote sensing and GIS Alex Barimah Owusu and Faustina Essandoh-Yeddu Department of Geography and Resources Development, University of Ghana, Legon Email: [email protected] (Received: Feb 21, 2018; in final form: Oct 08, 2018) Abstract: Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, construction, and others have acted as alteration agents on landscapes and have over the years had an intense effect on forest cover. Since forest cover and its changes can dramatically affect soil, water quality, and water supply, Ghana faces difficult choices if it is to support rational and optimal use of its remaining forest resources. This study sought to draw attention to the major changes that have occurred in the forest cover of the forest-savannah transitional zone of Ghana over the past two decades (1990–2013). It also addresses causes and impacts and proposes approaches to address the root cause of the problems using multi-temporal remote sensing data and Geographic Information System-based techniques. The key findings include a big decline in forest of the area over the past 20 years. From the survey conducted, over 80% of respondents believe that the main driver of the declining forest cover is anthropogenic in nature. It is proposed that effective, sustainable, and environmental- friendly forest management policies be implemented through inclusive participation of key stakeholders in planning and management of forest and its resources. Keywords: Forest cover, forest-savannah transitional zone, remote sensing, land-use and land-cover change (LULC) 1. Introduction condition" suggests a precipitous decline. Thompson (1910) found in a survey of Ghana's forests that, Large portions of forest landscapes on the Earth’s surface "comparatively few tracts are covered with so-called have been significantly altered or tampered with, in some primeval or virgin forest; the majority consist of secondary manner by humans (Yang, 2003). The leftover forest irregular growth that has sprung up in areas previously ecosystems in West Africa including Ghana, have a lot of cleared for farms" (Thompson, 1910). Land-use practices natural endowments (e.g. wood and non-wood forest at the local and regional levels have had dramatic effects products) and provides regulating services (e.g. climate, on soil condition as well as water quality and water supply, water and disease regulation) that are important for which in turn have shown impact on vegetation cover, economic development and for sustainability of livelihood particularly forest cover. According to Gyasi (1993) before supporting systems (Locatelli et al., 2008; Seppälä, 2009; 1850, most of the present southern sector of the forest- Tachie-Obeng et al., 2009; Locatelli et al., 2011). The savannah zone consisted of virtually uninhabited virgin forests’ ability to continue to provide these services and high forest owned largely by the Akyem people. However, perform other functions is mostly determined by climatic most of the forests, in the late twentieth century were not conditions and human interference (Tachie-Obeng et al., in good condition. 2009; 2010). Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, deforestation, construction, and shifting patterns Verbal accounts suggest that areas now well within the of land use are primary components of many current moist, semi-deciduous forest zone (e.g. 30 km south of environmental concerns as land-use and land-cover Sunyani) had extensive grasslands everywhere (Fairhead (LULC) change is gaining recognition as a key driver of and Leach, 1998; 2010). forest cover change (Frimpong, 2011). Ghana faces difficult choices if it is to support rational and The condition of Ghana’s forest cover is not different. It optimal use of the remaining forest resource. The problems has been deteriorating for many years, particularly since are familiar to most stakeholders, including government, the 1970. Gyasi (1993) argues that in Ghana, there is an civil society, the private sector, and the donor community. evidence of accelerated environmental change. The The development and implementation of sound and change is most noticeable in the soils, flora and fauna, effective responses have proved challenging. Perhaps a which appears to be increasingly endangered in the entire good graphical presentation of the spatial extent and a agroecological zones, including the mosaic of forest- convincing argument on the destruction of the forest cover, savannah (Benneh et al., 1990). Over the years, there has particularly the transitional zones where likely been a progressive decline in size, quality and number of regeneration of forest, when degraded is close to zero, will forest reserves.