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The Gamut: a Journal of Ideas and Information, No. 08, Winter 1983

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The Gamut: a Journal of Ideas and Information, No. 08, Winter 1983 Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU The Gamut Archives Publications Winter 1983 The Gamut: A Journal of Ideas and Information, No. 08, Winter 1983 Cleveland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/gamut_archives Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Cleveland State University, "The Gamut: A Journal of Ideas and Information, No. 08, Winter 1983" (1983). The Gamut Archives. 6. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/gamut_archives/6 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Gamut Archives by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Above: The Terminal Tower under construction. Photograph taken June 13, 1927. Note Old Stone Church in background at right. The story of the building of the Tower begins on page 3.. Front cover: Drawing from a sales brochure selling lots in Shaker Heights, put out by one of the Van Sweringen realty companies, about 1928. The "stockbroker tudor" style houses in the clouds are portrayed as being linked with the vibrant center of Cleveland, symbolized by the new Terminal Tower. A JOURNAL OF IDEAS AND INFORMATION Number 8 Winter, 1983 Published by Cleveland State University Editor: Co-Editor: Associate Editor: Leonard M. Trawick Louis T. Millc Stephen R. Coleman Managing Editor: Circulation Manager: Sandra J. Philipson Lynn Beamer Advisory Board John A. Flower Robert Cheshier Katherine Kinsey George A. Coulman William R. Martin Bernard Hamermesh Samuel A. Richmond Julie Haug James G. Taaffe David L. Hopcraft Diana Tittle Herbert Kamm Editorial Consultants: Fred E. Ekfelt, Gary Engle, John Gerlach Special Advisers: Thomas F. Campbell, Marvin Jones, Kenneth Nevadomi Photography: Louis T. Milic The Gamut: a Journal of Ideas and Information is published in the fall, winter, and spring of each year by Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio. Subscription rate: one year (three issues), $12.00; two years, $20.00; three years, $25.00. Library rate, $15.00 per year. Foreign subSCriptions $3.00 per year additional. Single copies, $5 .00; back issues, $6.00. Claims for missing issues honored within six months of publication. The Gamut invites commentaries for its "Back Matter" section and also the submission of new articles and creative works, especially by Ohio writers and artists, on topics of interest to readers of this region. Preliminary inquiries are welcome; detailed information for con­ tributors on request. Submitted material will be returned if accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Address all correspondence to: The Gamut, Room 1216 Rhodes Tower, Cleveland State Uni­ versity, Cleveland, OH 44115. Copyright © 1983 by Cleveland State University. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ISSN 0275-0589. CONTENTS OF ISSUE NO.8, WINTER, 1983 Walter C. Leedy, Jr. Cleveland's Terminal Tower: the Van Sweringens' Afterthought. 3 The financial, political, and architectUIal saga of the building of Cleveland's central landmark. Clinton L. Warne. The Great Natural Gas Pipeline Rip-Off. 27 President Reagan's waiver of all effective regulation of the Alaska Natural Gas Pipe­ line could have a damaging effect on the national economy while insuring private investors' profits. Jerrold Sadock. Languages of the World: Inuit (Eskimo). 31 - The language with the longest words in the world. Winners of the Gamut Prize in the Visual Arts. 35 Judith Pittenger-Meyer 36 Penny Rakoff 38 Mark Soppeland 40 Reid Wood 42 Thomas J. Watts. The Poet as Hero: The Cult of Pushkin in Soviet Russia. 44 Official and unofficial veneration of the nineteenth-century poet vastly exceeds the recognition accorded any writer in the West, including Shakespeare. Rescuing the Future: the Gamut Looks at the Cleveland School System. 61 The Critics Nancy Oakley. Politics, Power, and Profit Make Schools a Mess. 64 Richard C. Israel and Nancy Oakley. The Schools Flunk Reading. 67 The Teachers Sheila L. Friedman. Starting Off Right. Life in a Cleveland first grade. 73 James E. O'Meara, Jr. Mighty Problems, Desperate Remedies. Interview. 79 J.E. Vacha. Letthe Teachers Teach. 86 The Academics Richard J. McArdle. Higher Education and the Schools. 88 Everett F. Cataldo. Desegregation and Declining Enrollment. 91 Roberta M. Steinbacher. Choosing a Superintendent. Interview. 94 The Administrators Frederick D. Holliday. A School System for a Changing Society. 100 Joseph G. Tegreene. Can a New School Board Turn It Around? 105 Dean Fleenor and James Lanese. Teachers Union and Administration Cooperate on Staff Development. 106 The Editors. Conclusion. 108 Melvin Drimmer. Three Jewish Fridays in Africa. 110 Jewish communities are disappearing in African cities where they once flourished. The Gamut is published with the aid of a grant from the Cleveland Foundation. 3 Walter C. Leedy, Jr. Cleveland's Terminal Tower The Van Sweringens' Afterthought The Terminal Tower, imposing archi­ Before automobiles became common, the in­ tectural center and symbol of the City of terurbans provided short- to medium­ Cleveland, actually came into being as a last­ distance transportation, hauling freight as minute addition to a train station that was well as passengers. They were the forerun­ years in the planning, but that is itself now ners of today's bus and truck lines. 2 abandoned and largely forgotten. Where Cleveland's Terminal Tower In 1910 a visitor to Cleveland would al­ complex now stands were dilapidated old most certainly have come by train. If he had buildings covered with rust, soot and adver­ travelled from Washington or Kansas City, he tising, which bore witness to Cleveland's first would have boughthis ticket atthe new union mercantile age. Once considered a beautiful station in one of these cities. 1 But when he ar­ corner of the city, the southwest quadrant of rivedinCleveland, he mighthave gotten off in Public Square and lower Superior Avenue any of fifteen locations, depending on which had experienced a continual decline in real es­ railroad he patronized. If he had taken the tate values, as business enterprises moved to New York Central, he could have gotten off at newer and more modern buildings located to the old lake front station, located at the foot of the east - strung out along Euclid Avenue. West Sixth Street, from where he could have Public Square was no longer the center of walked to Public Square, the hub of Cleveland gravity of Cleveland's business or financial trolley lines, to catch a streetcar to his destina­ community. On the north side of the Square tion in the city. Or he could have taken an was located the Old Stone Church (1855) and interurban - a self-propelled electrified rail­ the medieval-revival Society for Savings Bank way car - to any number of cities in north­ (1889). On the east side was the new Federal eastern Ohio and beyond. At that time Ohio Building (under construction), the pioneering had one of the most extensive interurban net­ but plain Cuyahoga Building (1893), and the works, with over 2000 miles of track. Williamson Building (1900). 3 (In spite of vig- Walter Leedy, an Associate Professor of Art at Cleveland State University, was born in Detroit and grew up in Dear­ born. He received the degrees of Bachelor of Architecture and Master of Architecture from the University of Michigan, and did graduate work at the University of California/Santa Barbara, and at the Courtauld Institute of Art of the Univer­ sity of London, where he received a Ph.D. in the History of European Art, majoring in Medieval Art and Architecture. He is a specialist in medieval fan vaulting, and an article by him on that subject appears in the February, 1983 issue of Scientific American. His book Fan Vaulting: A Study of Form, Technology, and Meaning, was published in 1980 by the Scolar Press in London, and he is author of numerous articles and papers on medieval architecture. His interest in the construction of the Terminal Tower arose after he spent a summer studying dozens of boxes ofold papers and drawings stored in an abandoned employees' lavatory in the Tower; this led him to 90 filing cabinets of Terminal Tower records in the possession of Mr. Gerald Adams, who has since do­ nated the materials to the CSU Libraries. At the right, Pro­ fessor Leedy is shown with a small portion of these archives. (Photo :Milic) 4 WALTER C. LEEDY The southwest comer of Euclid Avenue and Ontario Street as it appeared in 1922, before demolition for new construction. The site is now occupied by the Higbee Company, part of the Van Sweringens' efforts to create a high-density development. The writing on the photograph indicates land parcels that the Van Sweringen interests were acquiring. Photo: Gerald Adams collection. ora us objections, these last two were demo­ Furthermore (important for the Terminal lished in 1982 to make way for the Sohio head­ Tower project 35 years later) he questioned quarters.) the City's legal right to permit the erection of a In the southeast quadrant could be building not to be under city control, and not found the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and to be used for strictly public purposes, on city Sailors' Monument, the siting of which property. Ittook an Act (passed in 1888) ofthe caused considerable controversy in the late Ohio Assembly to make the use of the south­ 1880's.4 It was originally to have been located east quadrant legal for the Monument's loca­ in the middle of Public Square, at the present tion. junction of Superior Avenue and Ontario Street. But the streetcar companies gained A "City Beautiful" mall for Cleveland control of these streets for the placement of Although the buildings on Public their tracks, and thus deprived the Monu­ Square were a source of pride to many of the ment of a central location, though Public city's residents, there were some critics.
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