This Nonviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed
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The Georgia Voter Identification Requirement: Is It a Form of Voter Disenfranchisement?
The Georgia Voter Identification Requirement: Is it a Form of Voter Disenfranchisement? by LaKerri ReJai Mack A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 7, 2012 Keywords: racism, voter disenfranchisement, voter fraud, voting rights, voter photo identification, Georgia Copyright 2012 by LaKerri ReJai Mack Approved by Christa Slaton, Chair, Dean of Arts and Sciences at New Mexico State University, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Auburn University Caleb Clark, Co-chair, Alumni Professor of Political Science, Director of the M.P.A. Program Clifton Perry, Hudson Professor of Political Science Denise Davis-Maye, Associate Professor of Sociology at Auburn University-Montgomery Abstract As an American citizen, my observation reveals that access to the franchise has been prohibited or limited for African Americans and the poor since 1863. Congress and the Supreme Court have been consistent in their legislation and rulings that assume voting rights are given and made equally accessible to all American citizens since the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. However, there remains a gap in the current literature regarding modern-day tactics and forms of voter disenfranchisement. For some, voter photo identification requirements, particularly those outlined in Georgia Law O.C.G.A. § 21-2-417, are an early 21st century version of voter disenfranchisement for the poor and minorities. To others, it is perceived as a method to prevent voter fraud. In this qualitative study, I explore the historical voting experiences and practices in the United States. -
Lynching in America: Targeting Black Veterans
Lynching in America: Targeting Black Veterans Equal Justice Initiative “It is impossible to create a dual personality which will be on the one hand a fighting man toward the enemy, and on the other, a craven who will accept treatment as less than a man at home.” 1 Lynching in America: Targeting Black Veterans Equal Justice Initiative 122 Commerce Street Montgomery, Alabama 36104 334.269.1803 www.eji.org © 2016 by Equal Justice Initiative. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, mod - ified, or distributed in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means without express prior written per - mission of Equal Justice Initiative (EJI). EJI is a nonprofit law organization with offices in Montgomery, Alabama. Opposite: At Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, circa 1865. (Library of Congress/Liljenquist Family Collection.) On the cover: Soldiers of the 369th Infantry who won the Croix de Guerre for gallantry in action, 1919. 1 The end of the Civil War marked a new era of racial ter - ror and violence directed at black people in the United States that has not been adequately acknowledged or ad - dressed in this country. Following emancipation in 1865, thousands of freed black men, women, and children were killed by white mobs, former slave owners, and members of the Confederacy who were unwilling to accept the antici - pated end of slavery and racial subordi - nation. The violent response to freedom for former slaves was followed by decades of racial terror lynchings and targeted violence de - signed to sustain white supremacy and racial hierarchy. -
Lynching in America Targeting Black Veterans
LYNCHING IN AMERICA TARGETING BLACK VETERANS Soldiers of the 369th Infantry who won the Croix de Guerre for gallantry in action, 1919. 2 lynching in america: targeting black veterans targeting in america: lynching It is impossible to create a dual personality which will “ be on the one hand a fighting man toward the enemy, and on the other, a craven who will accept treatment 1 as less than a man at home. ” At Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, circa 1865. (Library of Congress/Liljenquist Family Collection.) Lynching in America: Targeting Black Veterans Acknowledgments This report was written, researched, designed, and produced by the staff of 3 the Equal Justice Initiative. It builds on research and writing conducted by black veterans targeting in america: lynching dozens of our attorneys, research fellows, interns, and students over a period of several years. For the preparation of this report, I would like to especially acknowledge Andrew Childers, Jennifer Taylor, Jeanne Segil, Brooks Emanuel, and Judea Davis for research and writing. We are also grateful to Aaryn Urell for layout and editing and to Kiara Boone, Eric Brown, Jonathan Kubakundimana, and Noah Moyse for photo research and editing. – Bryan Stevenson, Director Equal Justice Initiative 122 Commerce Street Montgomery, Alabama 36104 334.269.1803 www.eji.org © 2017 by Equal Justice Initiative. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or distributed in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means without express prior written permission of Equal Justice Initiative (EJI). EJI is a nonprofit law organization with offices in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Free at Last. a History of the Civil Rights Movement and Those Who Died in the Struggle
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 414 364 UD 032 023 AUTHOR Bullard, Sara, Ed. TITLE Free at Last. A History of the Civil Rights Movement and Those Who Died in the Struggle. INSTITUTION Southern Poverty Law Center, Montgomery, AL. PUB DATE 1989-00-00 NOTE 107p. AVAILABLE FROM "Teaching Tolerance," The Southern Poverty Law Center, 400 Washington Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36104 (1-9 copies, $2.75 each; 10-19 copies, $2.25 each; 20-99 copies, $1.75 each; 100 or more copies, $1.50 each). PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Biographies; *Black History; Black Leadership; *Civil Rights; Demonstrations (Civil); Elementary Secondary Education; Profiles; Racial Discrimination; *Racial Integration; Racial Segregation; *School Desegregation; Student Rights; United States History; Urban Schools ABSTRACT Along with the history of the civil rights movement, this publication, which is well suited for classroom use, tells the stories of those who died during that struggle. Their lives serve as examples of the many personal tragedies suffered for a movement that transformed America from a society in which blacks were routinely excluded from full citizenship to one that now recognizes, even if it has not fully realized, the equal rights of all citizens. The following sections are included: (1) "Early Struggles" through slavery: (2) "A Movement of the People," the Montgomery bus boycott and the Little Rock crisis; (3) "Confrontations," the efforts of freedom riders and civil rights marchers; (4) "Fighting for the Ballot," the struggle for voting rights in Mississippi and Alabama; and (5)"Days of Rage," urban rioting and the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. -
Antiblackness in Military Higher Education at the United States Military Academy West Point
The Vermont Connection Volume 42 Black Lives Matter: Centering Black Narratives in Higher Education Article 5 2021 Put Them in Boots: Antiblackness in Military Higher Education at the United States Military Academy West Point Khadija Boyd Northcentral University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/tvc Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, K. (2021). Put Them in Boots: Antiblackness in Military Higher Education at the United States Military Academy West Point. The Vermont Connection, 42(1). https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/tvc/vol42/ iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Education and Social Services at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Vermont Connection by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 42 • The Vermont Connection • 2021 • Volume 42 Put Them in Boots: Antiblackness in Military Higher Education at the United States Military Academy West Point Dr. Khadija Boyd Equality has been expounded upon by high-ranking military leaders since segregation was eliminated and the equal opportunity program was enacted ensuring that all military personnel were viewed and treated equally without prejudice. However, anti-blackness is a crisis for Black men and women who don the uniform at military academic institutions of higher education which has illustrated a sense of impartiality for Black cadets. Military colorblindness, the belief that dismisses racism in the military, is frequently used by white men in the top ranks because these leaders do not see racism as a problem.