Phylogeny and Taxonomy for Mesembryanthemum Subg
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Lithops and Lithops Turbiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Brown As of 19 September 2014
A Brief History of the Genus Lithops and Lithops turbiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Brown As of 19 September 2014 The genus Lithops is part of the family Aizoaceae and of the subfamily Ruschioideae, one of 5 such subfamilies of the family Aizoaceae. The genus name Lithops was first described by Nicholas Edward Brown (1849-1934) in 1922. He was a herbarium botanist and taxonomist in England. The Lithops name comes from the Greek lithos which means 'stone' and óps which means 'appearance' or 'a face'. They look like 'Living Stones', a common name we like to use for them. (The word Lithops is used as both singular and plural form.) Each Lithops has one pair of leaves with a fissure in between where a solitary flower is produced. In habitat the tops of the leaves are either at ground level often wedged between stones or slightly buried, especially during a dry period. The tops of the leaves appear to be either flat or somewhat raised and more or less rough looking as if cut off short with a translucent window or window-like spots. The size across the two leaves at the apex is generally ¾ to 1½" in diameter. It's a mimicry plant in habitat with surrounding stones of similar size and shape until it flowers. The Flower color varies from yellow to white to bronze to pink. The natural habitat of Lithops is in the dry regions of southern Africa—from the Cape and Transvaal Province regions of the Republic of South Africa into much of the western coast to central and southern parts of Namibia. -
Plant Life of Western Australia
INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm. -
Mesembryanthemum Nodiflorum Laurence Garvie Chandler, Arizona
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Laurence Garvie Chandler, Arizona December 2008 Up close, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (family Aizoaceae, common name ice plant) displays jewel‐ like leaves, pure white flowers with yellow stamens, and forms mats that cover the desert floor like a red tapestry. Extensive mats of M. nodiflorum grow just south and southwest of Phoenix, primarily on the Gila Indian reservation. Good examples are found along Riggs Road, just west of the I10 intersection. The crystalline appearance of the leaves is the result of epidermal bladder cell that contain concentrated salt solutions. Like many succulents, its redness increases with water stress. M. nodiflorum is native to the Namibian Desert and South Africa and is a recent introduction to Arizona, being first recorded in 1983 by researchers at the University of Arizona. In the United States, M. nodiflorum is a non‐native invasive weed that threatens wild lands. It provides little for native foraging animals as its saltiness deters herbivory. It is also expected to alter soil chemistry by increasing surface salinity after death of the plant, which may interfere with germination and growth of native plants. Plant ecologists have mapped thousands of acres of this plant in some areas of Maricopa County. It is likely that this species has not yet reached its full extent and is expected to establish widely. Suitable habitats in the valley include disturbed areas, canals, agricultural areas, and alleys. Despite its intrinsic, up‐close beauty this is unlikely a succulent we want in our collection. On the other hand, there are many interesting members of the family Aizoaceae that feature in our collections such as Lithops and Oophytum. -
Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents
NAT. CROAT. VOL. 27 No 2 407-420* ZAGREB December 31, 2018 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.28 PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (2): GLASSHOUSE SUCCULENTS Dubravka Sandev, Darko Mihelj & Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse succulents. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407- 420*, 2018, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of glasshouse succulents grown in the Botanical Garden from 1895 to 2017 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. The lists of species grown in the last 122 years are constructed in such a way as to show that throughout that period at least 1423 taxa of succulent plants from 254 genera and 17 families inhabited the Garden’s cold glass- house collection. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, succulent col- lection Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (2): Stakleničke mesnatice. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407-420*, 2018, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi stakleničkih mesnatica uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2017. Uređena je sinonimka i no- menklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom 122 godine kroz zbirku mesnatica hladnog staklenika prošlo najmanje 1423 svojti iz 254 rodova i 17 porodica. -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
What Is Primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? an Analysis of Evolutionary Polarity of Character States
S.Afr.J. Bot., 1989,55(3): 321-331 321 What is primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? An analysis of evolutionary polarity of character states V. Bittrich* and M. Struck Institut fUr Allgemeine Botanik und Botanischer Garten der Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-2000 Hamburg 52, West Germany Accepted 16 November 1988 Characters of the family Mesembryanthemaceae are investigated with respect to their state (primitive or derived) within this family. Out-group comparison with the closely related family Aizoaceae s.str. (excl. Mesembryanthemaceae) is used mainly, along with some other criteria. A tabulated survey of the characters discussed is provided. By combination of all characters considered as primitive, a morphotype (,hypothetical ancestor') of the Mesembryanthemaceae can be constructed. It is shown that no extant taxon possesses all features of this morphotype, but that all have acquired a number of derived characters. The possibility of the meronectary being a further synapomorphy of the family is discussed. A new synapomorphy for the subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae, namely the absence of expanding sheets on the valves of the hygrochastic capsule, is provided. The fundamental splitting of the Mesembryanthemaceae in two monophyletic subfamilies (Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae) is further supported by the results. Kenmerke van die familie Mesembryanthemaceae word, met betrekking tot hul toestand (primitief of afgelei) binne die familie, ondersoek. Buitegroep-vergelyking met die naverwante familie Aizoaceae s. str. (wat die Mesembryanthemaceae uitsluit) word hoofsaaklik, saam met ander kriteriums gebruik. 'n Getabuleerde oorsig van die kenmerke onder bespreking, word voorsien. Deur middel van 'n kombinasie van al die kenmerke wat as primitief beskou word, kan 'n morfotipe (hipotetiese voorouer) van die Mesembryanthemaceae gekonstrueer word. -
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of (Aptenia Cordifolia) to Salt Stress and Its Remediative Effect on Saline Soils - 1329
Karakas et al.: Physiological and biochemical responses of (Aptenia cordifolia) to salt stress and its remediative effect on saline soils - 1329 - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF (APTENIA CORDIFOLIA) TO SALT STRESS AND ITS REMEDIATIVE EFFECT ON SALINE SOILS KARAKAS, S.1* – DIKILITAS, M.2 – ALMACA, A.1 – TIPIRDAMAZ, R.3 1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +90-414-318-3679 (Received 9th Sep 2019; accepted 21st Jan 2020) Abstract. Salinization is one of the most significant environmental problems in the world. Salinity negatively affects the physicochemical properties of the soil and reduces crop production. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of Aptenia cordifolia L. for the phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. Three salt levels; non-saline (NS, EC: 1.38 dS m-1), slightly saline (SS, EC: 3.54 dS m-1) and highly saline (HS, EC: 9.58 dS m-1) soils were collected from Harran Plain-Turkey and used to cultivated A. cordifolia in pots. To assess the salt tolerance of the plants, physiological and biochemical parameters as well as the accumulation of leaf Na+ and Cl- ions were determined. In the meantime, soils were evaluated in terms of electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter and soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase and protease) before and after the cultivation. A significant increase in shoot fresh weight and dry weight were obtained from A. -
Antioxidant Properties of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum and Carpobrotus Edulis Extracts
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 21, No. 1 (2009), 549-559 Antioxidant Properties of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Carpobrotus edulis Extracts I. BOUFTIRA*†, C. ABDELLY† and S. SFAR Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir Rue Ibn Sina 5000 Monastir, Tunisia Fax: (216)73461830; Tel: (216)73461000; E-mail: [email protected] Extraction efficiency using different solvents on antioxi- dant capacities of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Carpobrotus edulis was measured. The dried extracts were screened for their radical scavenging activity using α,α-diphenyl- β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The order of antioxidant capacity of M. crystallinum in different solvents was found to be petroleum ether > ethyl acetate > chloroform > methanol > flavonoids and water. The order of antioxidant capacity of C. edulis was found to be flavonoids > methanol > chloroform > water and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether and flavonoids extracts from M. crystallinum and C. edulis showed highest antioxidant activity at 500 µg/mL. Results of the present study may be due to the extent of antioxidant capacity of each extract is in accordance with the amount of chrolophylls, carotenoids, phenolics and others different antioxidant compounds that can be presents in the extracts. Key Words: Antioxidant activity, DPPH, Aizoacea, Extra- ction methods, Flavonoids. INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the organism's vital activities including phagocytosis, regulation of cell proliferation, intracell- ular signalling and synthesis of biologically active compounds and ATP1. With an insufficiency of the antioxidant protective system or under an intense influence of radical-initiating factors (ionizing radiation, hard ultraviolet radiation, xenobiotics, mineral dust), ROS are overproduced and oxidative stress develops. -
Phylogenetic Placement and Generic Re-Circumscriptions of The
TAXON 65 (2) • April 2016: 249–261 Powell & al. • Generic recircumscription in Schlechteranthus Phylogenetic placement and generic re-circumscriptions of the multilocular genera Arenifera, Octopoma and Schlechteranthus (Aizoaceae: Ruschieae): Evidence from anatomical, morphological and plastid DNA data Robyn F. Powell,1,2 James S. Boatwright,1 Cornelia Klak3 & Anthony R. Magee2,4 1 Department of Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa 2 Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa 3 Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa 4 Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa Author for correspondence: Robyn Powell, [email protected] ORCID RFP, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-3164 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/652.3 Abstract Ruschieae is the largest tribe in the highly speciose subfamily Ruschioideae (Aizoaceae). A generic-level phylogeny for the tribe was recently produced, providing new insights into relationships between the taxa. Octopoma and Arenifera are woody shrubs with multilocular capsules and are distributed across the Succulent Karoo. Octopoma was shown to be polyphyletic in the tribal phylogeny, but comprehensive sampling is required to confirm its polyphyly. Arenifera has not previously been sampled and therefore its phylogenetic placement in the tribe is uncertain. In this study, phylogenetic sampling for nine plastid regions (atpB-rbcL, matK, psbJ-petA, rpl16, rps16, trnD-trnT, trnL-F, trnQUUG-rps16, trnS-trnG) was expanded to include all species of Octopoma and Arenifera, to assess phylogenetic placement and relationships of these genera. -
Monographs of Invasive Plants in Europe: Carpobrotus Josefina G
Monographs of invasive plants in Europe: Carpobrotus Josefina G. Campoy, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Laurence Affre, R Barreiro, Giuseppe Brundu, Elise Buisson, L Gonzalez, Margarita Lema, Ana Novoa, R Retuerto, et al. To cite this version: Josefina G. Campoy, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Laurence Affre, R Barreiro, Giuseppe Brundu, etal.. Monographs of invasive plants in Europe: Carpobrotus. Botany Letters, Taylor & Francis, 2018, 165 (3-4), pp.440-475. 10.1080/23818107.2018.1487884. hal-01927850 HAL Id: hal-01927850 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01927850 Submitted on 11 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARTICLE Monographs of invasive plants in Europe: Carpobrotus Josefina G. Campoy a, Alicia T. R. Acostab, Laurence Affrec, Rodolfo Barreirod, Giuseppe Brundue, Elise Buissonf, Luís Gonzálezg, Margarita Lemaa, Ana Novoah,i,j, Rubén Retuerto a, Sergio R. Roiload and Jaime Fagúndez d aDepartment of Functional Biology, Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; bDipartimento -
A Novel Growth and Development of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum (Aizoaceae) in Thailand
INTERNATIONAL SCEINTIFIC JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ISJET), Vol. 4 No. 1 January-June 2020 1 A Novel Growth and Development of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae) in Thailand Chairat Burana, Montri Congtrakultien, and Napat Kamthornsiriwimol Faculty of Innovation Agricultural Management, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, Thailand E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received: February 28, 2020/ Revised: April 3, 2020/ Accepted: April 13, 2020 Abstract—We investigated the cultivation, and were successfully grown inside greenhouses growth and development of Mesembryantheum and plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) in crystallinum L. (the common ice plant, China Japan and Taiwan under cool until low Aizoaceae, Caryophyllales) in Thailand. M. temperature. The growth of these plants were crystallinum plant were grown indoor under mostly studied in different treatments of soil [4]. light emitting diodes (LED)-lighting (16-h To enhance local vegetable production, recently we photoperiod) 25°C and 85±5% RH with have successfully grown them in land scarce adequate water supply. The life cycle of M. Singapore using an indoor aeroponic farming crystallinum were study in this research. system with adequate water supply under light Moreover, we also cultivated in field located in emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting. However, there is Phisanulok, Kanchanuri, Ratchaburi, Chonburi no cultivate in Thailand. In this study, we focus on and Saraburi Province, during May to cultivation and development of M. crystallinum September 2018. The results shown that, the plant in Thailand. optimum area to grown the ice plant in Thailand was Phisanulok Province (16°49'29.32"N, II. -
49. Aizoaceae RUDOLPHI— Kosmatcovité*) Žepřenášeti
bliznou vyniklé z květu. Antokarp obalující se udržuje trvaleji a kolem nich se šíří (je prav- nažku protáhle obvejcovitý až kyjovitý, 4-5 mm děpodobné, že za vlhka slizký antokarp se mů- dl., ca 2,5 mm šir., hnědý, výrazně žebernatý, žepřenášeti epizoochorně).Údajeo pěstování přitiskle chlupatý. VII-VIII. Hkf, Gf. jako okrasné rostliny v zahradách a zplaňování 2n = 58 (extra fines) odtud jsou pochybné. Variabilita: Druh dosti proměnlivý v Americe, ale T: 10. Praž. ploš. (Praha-NusIe, plevel v parku Foli- do Evropy zavlečené populace jsou značně homogenní. manka, 1940). 15. Vých. Pol. (Jaroměř, plevel v cihelné, V ČSR většinou pouze s květy kleistogamickými. 1942; Opočno, zámecký park, 1859, 1879 a 1906), 16. Znoj.-brn. pah. (Brno-Jundrov, 1934; Brno-terasy pod Pe- Ekologie a rozšíření v ČSR: Neofyt. trovem a v plotu hřiště u Riviéry. 1965: Brno.Ohŕ;tny. ná- Přechodně zavlékána na sušší travnatá a keřna- draži a kolem železnice k Bílovicím, 1973, 1975), 18a. tá místa, na rumiště, železniční náspy a kamen- Dyj.-svr. úv. (Břeclav, od r. 1960), 21. Haná (Olomouc, hra- debni zdi, 1930, 1933. 1941). né zdi, většinou na výslunná stanoviště v teplej- Celkové rozšířeni : Severní a Střední Amerika, ších územích (efemerofyt), někde snad již jako zavlékána a mnohdy zdomácnělá po celém svetč: v Evropč epekofyt zdomácnělá; na některých lokalitách především v jv. části. — Mapy: AFE 1980: 100. 49. Aizoaceae RUDOLPHI— kosmatcovité*) Syn.: Mesembryanthemaceae FENZL. Lit. : JACOBSENH. (1955): Handbuch der sukkulenten Pflanzen. Vol. 3. Mesembryanthemaceae. Jena. — JACOBSENH. (1970): Das SukkuIente-Lexikon. Jena. Jednoleté nebo vytrvalé byliny, výrazné sukulentní. Listy bez palistů, vstřícné, střídavé nebo přízemní, ± ploché nebo válcovité.